qubitro-mqtt 0.0.1

data/spec/mqtt_packet_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2014 @@
+# encoding: BINARY
+# Encoding is set to binary, so that the binary packets aren't validated as UTF-8
+
+$:.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__))
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe MQTT::Packet do
+
+  describe "when creating a new packet" do
+    it "should allow you to set the packet flags as a hash parameter" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet.new( :flags => [true, false, true, false] )
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([true, false, true, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should have a custom inspect method" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet.new
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq('#<MQTT::Packet>')
+    end
+
+    it "should have a type_id method to get the integer ID of the packet type" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Pingreq.new
+      expect(packet.type_id).to eq(12)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should let you change attributes using the update_attributes method" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet.new(:flags => [false, false, false, true])
+    packet.update_attributes(:flags => [false, false, true, true])
+    expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, true, true])
+  end
+
+  describe "protected methods" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.new }
+
+    it "should provide a encode_bytes method to get some bytes as Integers" do
+      data = packet.send(:encode_bytes, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 'o'.unpack('C1')[0])
+      expect(data).to eq('Hello')
+    end
+
+    it "should provide a encode_bits method to encode an array of bits to a string" do
+      data = packet.send(:encode_bits, [false, true, true, false, true, false, true, false])
+      expect(data).to eq('V')
+    end
+
+    it "should provide a add_short method to get a big-endian unsigned 16-bit integer" do
+      data = packet.send(:encode_short, 1024)
+      expect(data).to eq("\x04\x00")
+      expect(data.encoding.to_s).to eq("ASCII-8BIT")
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an error if too big argument for encode_short" do
+      expect {
+        data = packet.send(:encode_short, 0x10000)
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Value too big for short'
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should provide a add_string method to get a string preceeded by its length" do
+      data = packet.send(:encode_string, 'quack')
+      expect(data).to eq("\x00\x05quack")
+      expect(data.encoding.to_s).to eq("ASCII-8BIT")
+    end
+
+    it "should provide a shift_short method to get a 16-bit unsigned integer" do
+      buffer = "\x22\x8Bblahblah"
+      expect(packet.send(:shift_short,buffer)).to eq(8843)
+      expect(buffer).to eq('blahblah')
+    end
+
+    it "should provide a shift_byte method to get one byte as integers" do
+      buffer = "\x01blahblah"
+      expect(packet.send(:shift_byte,buffer)).to eq(1)
+      expect(buffer).to eq('blahblah')
+    end
+
+    it "should provide a shift_byte method to get one byte as integers" do
+      buffer = "Yblahblah"
+      expect(packet.send(:shift_bits, buffer)).to eq([true, false, false, true, true, false, true, false])
+      expect(buffer).to eq('blahblah')
+    end
+
+    it "should provide a shift_string method to get a string preceeded by its length" do
+      buffer = "\x00\x05Hello World"
+      expect(packet.send(:shift_string,buffer)).to eq("Hello")
+      expect(buffer).to eq(' World')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "deprecated attributes" do
+    it "should still have a message_id method that is that same as id" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet.new
+      packet.message_id = 1234
+      expect(packet.message_id).to eq(1234)
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(1234)
+      packet.id = 4321
+      expect(packet.message_id).to eq(4321)
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(4321)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Publish do
+  describe "when creating a packet" do
+    it "should allow you to set the packet QoS level as a hash parameter" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :qos => 2 )
+      expect(packet.qos).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it "should allow you to set the packet retain flag as a hash parameter" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :retain => true )
+      expect(packet.retain).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception the QoS is greater than 2" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :qos => 3 )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Invalid QoS value: 3'
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception the QoS is less than 0" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :qos => -1 )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Invalid QoS value: -1'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when setting attributes on a packet" do
+    let(:packet) {
+      MQTT::Packet::Publish.new(
+        :duplicate => false,
+        :qos => 0,
+        :retain => false
+      )
+    }
+
+    it "should let you change the dup flag of a packet" do
+      packet.duplicate = true
+      expect(packet.duplicate).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should let you change the dup flag of a packet using an integer" do
+      packet.duplicate = 1
+      expect(packet.duplicate).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should let you change the QoS value of a packet" do
+      packet.qos = 1
+      expect(packet.qos).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "should let you change the retain flag of a packet" do
+      packet.retain = true
+      expect(packet.retain).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should let you change the retain flag of a packet using an integer" do
+      packet.retain = 1
+      expect(packet.retain).to be_truthy
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with default QoS and no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => 'test', :payload => 'hello world' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x30\x11\x00\x04testhello world")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with QoS 1 and no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :id => 5, :qos => 1, :topic => 'a/b', :payload => 'hello world' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x32\x12\x00\x03a/b\x00\x05hello world")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with QoS 2 and retain flag set" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :id => 5, :qos => 2, :retain => true, :topic => 'c/d', :payload => 'hello world' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x35\x12\x00\x03c/d\x00\x05hello world")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with QoS 2 and dup flag set" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :id => 5, :qos => 2, :duplicate => true, :topic => 'c/d', :payload => 'hello world' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x3C\x12\x00\x03c/d\x00\x05hello world")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with an empty payload" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => 'test' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x30\x06\x00\x04test")
+    end
+
+    it "should output a string as binary / 8-bit ASCII" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => 'test', :payload => 'hello world' )
+      expect(packet.to_s.encoding.to_s).to eq("ASCII-8BIT")
+    end
+
+    it "should support passing in non-strings to the topic and payload" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => :symbol, :payload => 1234 )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x30\x0c\x00\x06symbol1234")
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception when there is no topic name" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet::Publish.new.to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Invalid topic name when serialising packet'
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception when there is an empty topic name" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => '' ).to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Invalid topic name when serialising packet'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when serialising an oversized packet" do
+    it "should raise an exception when body is bigger than 256MB" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => 'test', :payload => 'x'*268435455 )
+        packet.to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Error serialising packet: body is more than 256MB'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with QoS 0" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\x11\x00\x04testhello world" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Publish)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the QoS level correctly" do
+      expect(packet.qos).to eq(0)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the RETAIN flag correctly" do
+      expect(packet.retain).to be_falsey
+    end
+
+    it "should set the DUP flag correctly" do
+      expect(packet.duplicate).to be_falsey
+    end
+
+    it "should set the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topic).to eq('test')
+      expect(packet.topic.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the payload correctly" do
+      expect(packet.payload).to eq('hello world')
+      expect(packet.payload.encoding.to_s).to eq('ASCII-8BIT')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with QoS 2 and retain and dup flags set" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x3D\x12\x00\x03c/d\x00\x05hello world" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Publish)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the QoS level correctly" do
+      expect(packet.qos).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the RETAIN flag correctly" do
+      expect(packet.retain).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should set the DUP flag correctly" do
+      expect(packet.duplicate).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should set the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topic).to eq('c/d')
+      expect(packet.topic.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the payload correctly" do
+      expect(packet.payload).to eq('hello world')
+      expect(packet.payload.encoding.to_s).to eq('ASCII-8BIT')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with an empty payload" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\x06\x00\x04test" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Publish)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topic).to eq('test')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the payload correctly" do
+      expect(packet.payload).to be_empty
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with a QoS value of 3" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x36\x12\x00\x03a/b\x00\x05hello world" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        'Invalid packet: QoS value of 3 is not allowed'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with QoS value of 0 and DUP set" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x38\x10\x00\x03a/bhello world" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        'Invalid packet: DUP cannot be set for QoS 0'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with a body of 314 bytes" do
+    let(:packet) {
+      # 0x30 = publish
+      # 0xC1 = (65 * 1)
+      # 0x02 = (2 * 128)
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\xC1\x02\x00\x05topic" + ('x' * 314) )
+    }
+
+    it "should parse the packet type correctly" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Publish)
+    end
+
+    it "should get the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topic).to eq('topic')
+    end
+
+    it "should get the body length correctly" do
+      expect(packet.payload.bytesize).to eq(314)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with a body of 16kbytes" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      # 0x30 = publish
+      # 0x87 = (7 * 1)
+      # 0x80 = (0 * 128)
+      # 0x01 = (1 * 16384)
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\x87\x80\x01\x00\x05topic" + ('x'*16384) )
+    end
+
+    it "should parse the packet type correctly" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Publish)
+    end
+
+    it "should get the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topic).to eq('topic')
+    end
+
+    it "should get the body length correctly" do
+      expect(packet.payload.bytesize).to eq(16384)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "processing a packet containing UTF-8 character" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet::Publish.new(
+        :topic => "Test ①".force_encoding("UTF-8"),
+        :payload => "Snowman: ☃".force_encoding("UTF-8")
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should have the correct topic byte length" do
+      expect(packet.topic.bytesize).to eq(8)
+    end
+
+    it "should have the correct topic string length", :unless => RUBY_VERSION =~ /^1\.8/ do
+      # Ruby 1.8 doesn't support UTF-8 properly
+      expect(packet.topic.length).to eq(6)
+    end
+
+    it "should have the correct payload byte length" do
+      expect(packet.payload.bytesize).to eq(12)
+    end
+
+    it "should have the correct payload string length", :unless => RUBY_VERSION =~ /^1\.8/ do
+      # Ruby 1.8 doesn't support UTF-8 properly
+      expect(packet.payload.length).to eq(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should encode to MQTT packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x30\x16\x00\x08Test \xE2\x91\xA0Snowman: \xE2\x98\x83".force_encoding('BINARY'))
+    end
+
+    it "should parse the serialised packet" do
+      packet2 = MQTT::Packet.parse( packet.to_s )
+      expect(packet2.topic).to eq("Test ①".force_encoding('UTF-8'))
+      expect(packet2.payload).to eq("Snowman: ☃".force_encoding('BINARY'))
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "reading a packet from a socket" do
+    let(:socket) { StringIO.new("\x30\x11\x00\x04testhello world") }
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.read(socket) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Publish)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the body length is read correctly" do
+      expect(packet.body_length).to eq(17)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the QoS level correctly" do
+      expect(packet.qos).to eq(0)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the RETAIN flag correctly" do
+      expect(packet.retain).to be_falsey
+    end
+
+    it "should set the DUP flag correctly" do
+      expect(packet.duplicate).to be_falsey
+    end
+
+    it "should set the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topic).to eq('test')
+      expect(packet.topic.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the payload correctly" do
+      expect(packet.payload).to eq('hello world')
+      expect(packet.payload.encoding.to_s).to eq('ASCII-8BIT')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when calling the inspect method" do
+    it "should output the payload, if it is less than 16 bytes" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => "topic", :payload => "payload" )
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Publish: d0, q0, r0, m0, 'topic', 'payload'>")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the length of the payload, if it is more than 16 bytes" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Publish.new( :topic => "topic", :payload => 'x'*32 )
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Publish: d0, q0, r0, m0, 'topic', ... (32 bytes)>")
+    end
+
+    it "should only output the length of a binary payload" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet.parse("\x31\x12\x00\x04test\x8D\xF8\x09\x40\xC4\xE7\x4f\xF0\xFF\x30\xE0\xE7")
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Publish: d0, q0, r1, m0, 'test', ... (12 bytes)>")
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Connect do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new( :client_id => 'myclient' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\020\026\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x02\x00\x0f\x00\x08myclient")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with clean session turned off" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(
+        :client_id => 'myclient',
+        :clean_session => false
+      )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\020\026\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x00\x00\x0f\x00\x08myclient")
+    end
+
+    context "protocol version 3.1.0" do
+      it "should raise an exception when there is no client identifier" do
+        expect {
+          MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(:version => '3.1.0', :client_id => '').to_s
+        }.to raise_error(
+          'Client identifier too short while serialising packet'
+        )
+      end
+
+      it "should raise an exception when the client identifier is too long" do
+        expect {
+          client_id = '0EB8D2FE7C254715B4467C5B2ECAD100'
+          MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(:version => '3.1.0', :client_id => client_id).to_s
+        }.to raise_error(
+          'Client identifier too long when serialising packet'
+        )
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "protocol version 3.1.1" do
+      it "should allow no client identifier" do
+        packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(
+          :version => '3.1.1',
+          :client_id => '',
+          :clean_session => true
+        )
+        expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\020\014\x00\x04MQTT\x04\x02\x00\x0f\x00\x00")
+      end
+
+      it "should allow a 32 character client identifier" do
+        client_id = '0EB8D2FE7C254715B4467C5B2ECAD100'
+        packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(
+          :version => '3.1.1',
+          :client_id => client_id,
+          :clean_session => true
+        )
+        expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x10,\x00\x04MQTT\x04\x02\x00\x0F\x00\x200EB8D2FE7C254715B4467C5B2ECAD100")
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception if the keep alive value is less than 0" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(:client_id => 'test', :keep_alive => -2).to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Invalid keep-alive value: cannot be less than 0'
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with a Will" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(
+        :client_id => 'myclient',
+        :clean_session => true,
+        :will_qos => 1,
+        :will_retain => false,
+        :will_topic => 'topic',
+        :will_payload => 'hello'
+      )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq(
+        "\x10\x24"+
+        "\x00\x06MQIsdp"+
+        "\x03\x0e\x00\x0f"+
+        "\x00\x08myclient"+
+        "\x00\x05topic\x00\x05hello"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with a username and password" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(
+        :client_id => 'myclient',
+        :username => 'username',
+        :password => 'password'
+      )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq(
+        "\x10\x2A"+
+        "\x00\x06MQIsdp"+
+        "\x03\xC2\x00\x0f"+
+        "\x00\x08myclient"+
+        "\x00\x08username"+
+        "\x00\x08password"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with everything" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(
+        :client_id => '12345678901234567890123',
+        :clean_session => true,
+        :keep_alive => 65535,
+        :will_qos => 2,
+        :will_retain => true,
+        :will_topic => 'will_topic',
+        :will_payload => 'will_message',
+        :username => 'user0123456789',
+        :password => 'pass0123456789'
+      )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq(
+        "\x10\x5F"+ # fixed header (2)
+        "\x00\x06MQIsdp"+ # protocol name (8)
+        "\x03\xf6"+ # protocol level + flags (2)
+        "\xff\xff"+ # keep alive (2)
+        "\x00\x1712345678901234567890123"+ # client identifier (25)
+        "\x00\x0Awill_topic"+ # will topic (12)
+        "\x00\x0Cwill_message"+ # will message (14)
+        "\x00\x0Euser0123456789"+ # username (16)
+        "\x00\x0Epass0123456789"
+      )  # password (16)
+    end
+
+    context 'protocol version 3.1.1' do
+      it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+        packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new( :version => '3.1.1', :client_id => 'myclient' )
+        expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\020\024\x00\x04MQTT\x04\x02\x00\x0f\x00\x08myclient")
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'an invalid protocol version number' do
+      it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+        expect {
+          packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new( :version => 'x.x.x', :client_id => 'myclient' )
+        }.to raise_error(
+          ArgumentError,
+          "Unsupported protocol version: x.x.x"
+        )
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a simple 3.1.0 Connect packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x16\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x00\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connect)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Name of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_name).to eq('MQIsdp')
+      expect(packet.protocol_name.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Level of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_level).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol version of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.version).to eq('3.1.0')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Client Identifier of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.client_id).to eq('myclient')
+      expect(packet.client_id.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Keep Alive timer of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.keep_alive).to eq(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should set not have the clean session flag set" do
+      expect(packet.clean_session).to be_falsey
+    end
+
+    it "should set the the username field of the packet to nil" do
+      expect(packet.username).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should set the the password field of the packet to nil" do
+      expect(packet.password).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a simple 3.1.1 Connect packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x14\x00\x04MQTT\x04\x00\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connect)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Name of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_name).to eq('MQTT')
+      expect(packet.protocol_name.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Level of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_level).to eq(4)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol version of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.version).to eq('3.1.1')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Client Identifier of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.client_id).to eq('myclient')
+      expect(packet.client_id.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Keep Alive timer of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.keep_alive).to eq(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should set not have the clean session flag set" do
+      expect(packet.clean_session).to be_falsey
+    end
+
+    it "should set the the username field of the packet to nil" do
+      expect(packet.username).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should set the the password field of the packet to nil" do
+      expect(packet.password).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a Connect packet with the clean session flag set" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x16\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x02\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should set the clean session flag" do
+      expect(packet.clean_session).to be_truthy
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a Connect packet with a Will and Testament" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x24\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x0e\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient\x00\x05topic\x00\x05hello"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connect)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Name of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_name).to eq('MQIsdp')
+      expect(packet.protocol_name.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Level of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_level).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol version of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.version).to eq('3.1.0')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Client Identifier of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.client_id).to eq('myclient')
+      expect(packet.client_id.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the clean session flag should be set" do
+      expect(packet.clean_session).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should set the QoS of the Will should be 1" do
+      expect(packet.will_qos).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Will retain flag should be false" do
+      expect(packet.will_retain).to be_falsey
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Will topic of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.will_topic).to eq('topic')
+      expect(packet.will_topic.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Will payload of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.will_payload).to eq('hello')
+      expect(packet.will_payload.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a Connect packet with a username and password" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x2A"+
+        "\x00\x06MQIsdp"+
+        "\x03\xC0\x00\x0a"+
+        "\x00\x08myclient"+
+        "\x00\x08username"+
+        "\x00\x08password"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connect)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Name of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_name).to eq('MQIsdp')
+      expect(packet.protocol_name.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Level of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_level).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol version of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.version).to eq('3.1.0')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Client Identifier of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.client_id).to eq('myclient')
+      expect(packet.client_id.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+   end
+
+    it "should set the Keep Alive Timer of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.keep_alive).to eq(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.username).to eq('username')
+      expect(packet.username.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.password).to eq('password')
+      expect(packet.password.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a Connect that has a username but no password" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x20\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x80\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient\x00\x08username"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.username).to eq('username')
+      expect(packet.username.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.password).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a Connect that has a password but no username" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x20\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x40\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient\x00\x08password"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.username).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.password).to eq('password')
+      expect(packet.password.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a Connect packet has the username and password flags set but doesn't have the fields" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x16\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\xC0\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.username).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.password).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a Connect packet with every option set" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse(
+        "\x10\x5F"+ # fixed header (2)
+        "\x00\x06MQIsdp"+ # protocol name (8)
+        "\x03\xf6"+ # protocol level + flags (2)
+        "\xff\xff"+ # keep alive (2)
+        "\x00\x1712345678901234567890123"+ # client identifier (25)
+        "\x00\x0Awill_topic"+ # will topic (12)
+        "\x00\x0Cwill_message"+ # will message (14)
+        "\x00\x0Euser0123456789"+ # username (16)
+        "\x00\x0Epass0123456789"  # password (16)
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connect)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Name of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_name).to eq('MQIsdp')
+      expect(packet.protocol_name.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol Level of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.protocol_level).to eq(3)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Protocol version of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.version).to eq('3.1.0')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Keep Alive Timer of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.keep_alive).to eq(65535)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Client Identifier of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.client_id).to eq('12345678901234567890123')
+      expect(packet.client_id.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Will QoS of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.will_qos).to eq(2)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Will retain flag of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.will_retain).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Will topic of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.will_topic).to eq('will_topic')
+      expect(packet.will_topic.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Will payload of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.will_payload).to eq('will_message')
+      expect(packet.will_payload.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.username).to eq('user0123456789')
+      expect(packet.username.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Username of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.password).to eq('pass0123456789')
+      expect(packet.password.encoding.to_s).to eq('UTF-8')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with an unknown protocol name" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse(
+          "\x10\x16\x00\x06FooBar\x03\x00\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient"
+        )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Unsupported protocol: FooBar/3"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with an unknown protocol level" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse(
+          "\x10\x16\x00\x06MQIsdp\x02\x00\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient"
+        )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Unsupported protocol: MQIsdp/2"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse(
+          "\x13\x16\x00\x06MQIsdp\x03\x00\x00\x0a\x00\x08myclient"
+        )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in CONNECT packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when calling the inspect method" do
+    it "should output correct string for the default options" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Connect: keep_alive=15, clean, client_id=''>")
+    end
+
+    it "should output correct string when parameters are given" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new(
+        :keep_alive => 10,
+        :client_id => 'c123',
+        :clean_session => false,
+        :username => 'foo'
+      )
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Connect: keep_alive=10, client_id='c123', username='foo'>")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "deprecated attributes" do
+    it "should still have a protocol_version method that is that same as protocol_level" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connect.new
+      packet.protocol_version = 5
+      expect(packet.protocol_version).to eq(5)
+      expect(packet.protocol_level).to eq(5)
+      packet.protocol_version = 4
+      expect(packet.protocol_version).to eq(4)
+      expect(packet.protocol_level).to eq(4)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Connack do
+
+  describe "when setting attributes on a packet" do
+    let(:packet) {  MQTT::Packet::Connack.new }
+
+    it "should let you change the session present flag of a packet" do
+      packet.session_present = true
+      expect(packet.session_present).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should let you change the session present flag of a packet using an integer" do
+      packet.session_present = 1
+      expect(packet.session_present).to be_truthy
+    end
+
+    it "should let you change the return code of a packet" do
+      packet.return_code = 3
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(3)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a sucessful connection acknowledgement packet without Session Present set" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connack.new( :return_code => 0x00, :session_present => false )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x20\x02\x00\x00")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a sucessful connection acknowledgement packet with Session Present set" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connack.new( :return_code => 0x00, :session_present => true )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x20\x02\x01\x00")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a successful Connection Accepted packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x00\x00" )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Session Pression flag of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.session_present).to eq(false)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x00)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/Connection Accepted/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a successful Connection Accepted packet with Session Present set" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x01\x00" )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, false, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Session Pression flag of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.session_present).to eq(true)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x00)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/Connection Accepted/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a unacceptable protocol version packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x00\x01" )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x01)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/unacceptable protocol version/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a client identifier rejected packet" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x00\x02" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x02)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/client identifier rejected/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a server unavailable packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x00\x03" )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x03)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/server unavailable/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a server unavailable packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x00\x04" )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x04)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/bad user name or password/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a server unavailable packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x00\x05" )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x05)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/not authorised/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing an unknown connection refused packet" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\x00\x10" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Connack)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return code of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_code).to eq(0x10)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the return message of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_msg).to match(/Connection refused: error code 16/i)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid Connack flags set" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x02\xff\x05" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in Connack variable header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with extra bytes on the end" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x20\x03\x00\x00\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Extra bytes at end of Connect Acknowledgment packet"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x23\x02\x00\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in CONNACK packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when calling the inspect method" do
+    it "should output the right string when the return code is 0" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connack.new( :return_code => 0x00 )
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Connack: 0x00>")
+    end
+    it "should output the right string when the return code is 0x0F" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Connack.new( :return_code => 0x0F )
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Connack: 0x0F>")
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Puback do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Puback.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x40\x02\x12\x34")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x40\x02\x12\x34" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Puback)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the message id of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(0x1234)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with extra bytes on the end" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x40\x03\x12\x34\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Extra bytes at end of Publish Acknowledgment packet"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x43\x02\x12\x34" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in PUBACK packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Puback.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Puback: 0x1234>")
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Pubrec do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Pubrec.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x50\x02\x12\x34")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x50\x02\x12\x34" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Pubrec)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the message id of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(0x1234)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with extra bytes on the end" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x50\x03\x12\x34\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Extra bytes at end of Publish Received packet"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x53\x02\x12\x34" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in PUBREC packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Pubrec.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Pubrec: 0x1234>")
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Pubrel do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Pubrel.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x62\x02\x12\x34")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x62\x02\x12\x34" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Pubrel)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the message id of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(0x1234)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with extra bytes on the end" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x62\x03\x12\x34\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Extra bytes at end of Publish Release packet"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x60\x02\x12\x34" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in PUBREL packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Pubrel.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Pubrel: 0x1234>")
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Pubcomp do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Pubcomp.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x70\x02\x12\x34")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x70\x02\x12\x34" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Pubcomp)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the message id of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(0x1234)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with extra bytes on the end" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x70\x03\x12\x34\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Extra bytes at end of Publish Complete packet"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x72\x02\x12\x34" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in PUBCOMP packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Pubcomp.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Pubcomp: 0x1234>")
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Subscribe do
+  describe "setting the packet's topics" do
+    let(:packet)  { MQTT::Packet::Subscribe.new }
+
+    it "should be able to set the topics from a String 'a/b'" do
+      packet.topics = 'a/b'
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq([["a/b", 0]])
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to set the multiple topics from an array ['a/b', 'b/c']" do
+      packet.topics = ['a/b', 'b/c']
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq([["a/b", 0], ['b/c', 0]])
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to set the topics from a Hash {'a/b' => 0, 'b/c' => 1}" do
+      packet.topics = {'a/b' => 0, 'b/c' => 1}
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq([["a/b", 0], ["b/c", 1]])
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to set the topics from a single level array ['a/b', 0]" do
+      packet.topics = ['a/b', 0]
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq([["a/b", 0]])
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to set the topics from a two level array [['a/b' => 0], ['b/c' => 1]]" do
+      packet.topics = [['a/b', 0], ['b/c', 1]]
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq([['a/b', 0], ['b/c', 1]])
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception when setting topic with a non-string" do
+      expect {
+        packet.topics = 56
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Invalid topics input: 56'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with a single topic" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Subscribe.new( :id => 1, :topics => 'a/b' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x82\x08\x00\x01\x00\x03a/b\x00")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with multiple topics" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Subscribe.new( :id => 6, :topics => [['a/b', 0], ['c/d', 1]] )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x82\x0e\000\x06\x00\x03a/b\x00\x00\x03c/d\x01")
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception when no topics are given" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet::Subscribe.new.to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'no topics given when serialising packet'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with a single topic" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x82\x08\x00\x01\x00\x03a/b\x00" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Subscribe)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, true, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Message ID correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq([['a/b',0]])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with a two topics" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x82\x0e\000\x06\x00\x03a/b\x00\x00\x03c/d\x01" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Subscribe)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, true, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Message ID correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(6)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq([['a/b',0],['c/d',1]])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x80\x08\x00\x01\x00\x03a/b\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in SUBSCRIBE packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when calling the inspect method" do
+    it "should output correct string for a single topic" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Subscribe.new(:topics => 'test')
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Subscribe: 0x00, 'test':0>")
+    end
+
+    it "should output correct string for multiple topics" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Subscribe.new(:topics => {'a' => 1, 'b' => 0, 'c' => 2})
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Subscribe: 0x00, 'a':1, 'b':0, 'c':2>")
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Suback do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for an acknowledgement to a single topic" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Suback.new( :id => 5, :return_codes => 0 )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x90\x03\x00\x05\x00")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for an acknowledgement to a two topics" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Suback.new( :id => 6 , :return_codes => [0,1] )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\x90\x04\x00\x06\x00\x01")
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception when no granted QoSs are given" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet::Suback.new( :id => 7 ).to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'no granted QoS given when serialising packet'
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception if the granted QoS is not an integer" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet::Suback.new( :id => 8, :return_codes => :foo ).to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'return_codes should be an integer or an array of return codes'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with a single QoS value of 0" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x90\x03\x12\x34\x00" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Suback)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the message id of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(0x1234)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Granted QoS of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_codes).to eq([0])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet with two QoS values" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x90\x04\x12\x34\x01\x01" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Suback)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the message id of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(0x1234)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the Granted QoS of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.return_codes).to eq([1,1])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x92\x03\x12\x34\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in SUBACK packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when calling the inspect method" do
+    it "should output correct string for a single granted qos" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Suback.new(:id => 0x1234, :return_codes => 0)
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Suback: 0x1234, rc=0x00>")
+    end
+
+    it "should output correct string for multiple topics" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Suback.new(:id => 0x1235, :return_codes => [0,1,2])
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Suback: 0x1235, rc=0x00,0x01,0x02>")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "deprecated attributes" do
+    it "should still have a granted_qos method that is that same as return_codes" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Suback.new
+      packet.granted_qos = [0,1,2]
+      expect(packet.granted_qos).to eq([0,1,2])
+      expect(packet.return_codes).to eq([0,1,2])
+      packet.return_codes = [0,1,0]
+      expect(packet.granted_qos).to eq([0,1,0])
+      expect(packet.return_codes).to eq([0,1,0])
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with single topic" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe.new( :id => 5, :topics => 'a/b' )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\xa2\x07\x00\x05\x00\x03a/b")
+    end
+
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with multiple topics" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe.new( :id => 6, :topics => ['a/b','c/d'] )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\xa2\x0c\000\006\000\003a/b\000\003c/d")
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception when no topics are given" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe.new.to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'no topics given when serialising packet'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    let(:packet) { MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xa2\f\000\005\000\003a/b\000\003c/d" ) }
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the fixed header flags of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.flags).to eq([false, true, false, false])
+    end
+
+    it "should set the topic name correctly" do
+      expect(packet.topics).to eq(['a/b','c/d'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xa0\x07\x00\x05\x00\x03a/b" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in UNSUBSCRIBE packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when calling the inspect method" do
+    it "should output correct string for a single topic" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe.new(:topics => 'test')
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe: 0x00, 'test'>")
+    end
+
+    it "should output correct string for multiple topics" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe.new( :id => 42, :topics => ['a', 'b', 'c'] )
+      expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Unsubscribe: 0x2A, 'a', 'b', 'c'>")
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Unsuback do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Unsuback.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\xB0\x02\x12\x34")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    let(:packet) do
+      MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xB0\x02\x12\x34" )
+    end
+
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Unsuback)
+    end
+
+    it "should set the message id of the packet correctly" do
+      expect(packet.id).to eq(0x1234)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with extra bytes on the end" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xB0\x03\x12\x34\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Extra bytes at end of Unsubscribe Acknowledgment packet"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xB2\x02\x12\x34" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in UNSUBACK packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Unsuback.new( :id => 0x1234 )
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Unsuback: 0x1234>")
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Pingreq do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Pingreq.new
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\xC0\x00")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xC0\x00" )
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Pingreq)
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception if the packet has a payload" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xC0\x05hello" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Extra bytes at end of Ping Request packet'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xC2\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in PINGREQ packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Pingreq.new
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Pingreq>")
+  end
+end
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Pingresp do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Pingresp.new
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\xD0\x00")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xD0\x00" )
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Pingresp)
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception if the packet has a payload" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xD0\x05hello" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Extra bytes at end of Ping Response packet'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xD2\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in PINGRESP packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Pingresp.new
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Pingresp>")
+  end
+end
+
+
+describe MQTT::Packet::Disconnect do
+  describe "when serialising a packet" do
+    it "should output the correct bytes for a packet with no flags" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet::Disconnect.new
+      expect(packet.to_s).to eq("\xE0\x00")
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing a packet" do
+    it "should correctly create the right type of packet object" do
+      packet = MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xE0\x00" )
+      expect(packet.class).to eq(MQTT::Packet::Disconnect)
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an exception if the packet has a payload" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xE0\x05hello" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        'Extra bytes at end of Disconnect packet'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "when parsing packet with invalid fixed header flags" do
+    it "should raise a protocol exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\xE2\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid flags in DISCONNECT packet header"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should output the right string when calling inspect" do
+    packet = MQTT::Packet::Disconnect.new
+    expect(packet.inspect).to eq("#<MQTT::Packet::Disconnect>")
+  end
+end
+
+
+describe "Serialising an invalid packet" do
+  context "that has a no type" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.new.to_s
+      }.to raise_error(
+        RuntimeError,
+        "Invalid packet type: MQTT::Packet"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe "Reading in an invalid packet from a socket" do
+  context "that has 0 length" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        socket = StringIO.new
+        MQTT::Packet.read(socket)
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Failed to read byte from socket"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "that has an incomplete packet length header" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        socket = StringIO.new("\x30\xFF")
+        MQTT::Packet.read(socket)
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Failed to read byte from socket"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "that has the maximum number of bytes in the length header" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        socket = StringIO.new("\x30\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF")
+        MQTT::Packet.read(socket)
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Failed to parse packet - input buffer (4) is not the same as the body length header (268435455)"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+describe "Parsing an invalid packet" do
+  context "that has no length" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid packet: less than 2 bytes long"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "that has an invalid type identifier" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x00\x00" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Invalid packet type identifier: 0"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "that has an incomplete packet length header" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\xFF" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "The packet length header is incomplete"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "that has too many bytes in the length field" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        'Failed to parse packet - input buffer (4) is not the same as the body length header (268435455)'
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "that has a bigger buffer than expected" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\x11\x00\x04testhello big world" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Failed to parse packet - input buffer (21) is not the same as the body length header (17)"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "that has a smaller buffer than expected" do
+    it "should raise an exception" do
+      expect {
+        MQTT::Packet.parse( "\x30\x11\x00\x04testhello" )
+      }.to raise_error(
+        MQTT::ProtocolException,
+        "Failed to parse packet - input buffer (11) is not the same as the body length header (17)"
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end