quanty 1.1.0

data/units.dat

@@ -0,0 +1,3549 @@
+# This file is the units database originally for use with GNU units,
+# and modified for "quanty" units conversion library for Ruby
+# by Masahiro Tanaka <masa@ir.isas.ac.jp> 2001-03-19.
+# Modifications are:
+#   1. Change the list order due to dependency.
+#   2. Comment out due to different syntax.
+#
+############################################################################
+#
+# This file is the units database for use with GNU units, a units conversion
+# program by Adrian Mariano adrian@cam.cornell.edu
+#
+# 27 July 1999 Version 1.24
+#
+# Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998  Free Software Foundation, Inc
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+#
+############################################################################
+#
+# Improvements and corrections are welcome.
+#
+# Most units data was drawn from
+#            1. NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition
+#            2. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 70th edition
+#            3. Oxford English Dictionary
+#            4. Websters New Universal Unabridged Dictionary
+#            5. Units of Measure by Stephen Dresner
+#            6. A Dictionary of English Weights and Measures by Ronald Zupko
+#            7. British Weights and Measures by Ronald Zupko
+#            8. Realm of Measure by Isaac Asimov
+#            9. United States standards of weights and measures, their
+#                   creation and creators by Arthur H. Frazier.
+#           10. French weights and measures before the Revolution: a
+#                   dictionary of provincial and local units by Ronald Zupko
+#           11. Weights and Measures: their ancient origins and their
+#                   development in Great Britain up to AD 1855 by FG Skinner
+#           12. The World of Measurements by H. Arthur Klein
+#           13. For Good Measure by William Johnstone
+#           14. NTC's Encyclopedia of International Weights and Measures 
+#                   by William Johnstone
+#           15. Sizes by John Lord
+#           16. Sizesaurus by Stephen Strauss
+#           17. CODATA Recommended Values of Physical Constants available at
+#                   http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html
+#
+# Thanks to Jeff Conrad for assistance in ferreting out unit definitions.
+#
+###########################################################################
+#
+# If units you use are missing or defined incorrectly, please contact me.
+#
+# If you know anything about the use of or the reason for these units
+# please contact me.  These appeared in the original unix data file
+# but don't seem to appear anywhere else (they are not defined below):
+#
+#    bottommeasure        1|40 in
+#    imaginarycubicfoot   1.4 ft^3
+#    sigma                microsec
+#
+###########################################################################
+
+###########################################################################
+#                                                                         #
+# Primitive units.  Any unit defined to contain a '!' character is a      #
+# primitive unit which will not be reduced any further.  All units should #
+# reduce to primitive units.                                              #
+#                                                                         #
+###########################################################################
+
+#
+# SI units
+#
+
+kg        !      # Mass of the international prototype
+kilogram  kg
+
+s         !      # Duration of 9192631770 periods of the radiation
+second    s      #   corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine
+                 #   levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom
+
+m         !      # Length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum
+meter     m      #   during 1|299792458 seconds.  Originally meant to be
+                 #   1e-7 of the length along a meridian from the equator
+                 #   to a pole.
+
+A         !      # The current which produces a force of 2e-7 N/m between two
+ampere    A      #   infinitely long wires that are 1 meter apart
+amp       ampere
+
+cd        !      # Luminous intensity in a given direction of a source which
+candela   cd     #   emits monochromatic radiation at 540e9 Hz with radiant
+                 #   intensity 1|683 W/steradian.  (This differs from radiant
+                 #   intensity (W/sr) in that it is adjusted for human
+                 #   perceptual dependence on wavelength.  The frequency of
+                 #   540e9 Hz (yellow) is where human perception is most
+                 #   efficient.)
+
+mol       !      # The amount of substance of a system which contains as many
+mole      mol    #   elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of
+                 #   carbon 12.  The elementary entities must be specified and
+                 #   may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, or other
+                 #   particles or groups of particles.  It is understood that
+                 #   unbound atoms of carbon 12, at rest and in the ground
+                 #   state, are referred to.
+
+K         !      # 1|273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple
+kelvin    K      #   point of water
+
+#
+# The radian and steradian are defined to be unitless.  They are included
+# as primitive units here because, for the most part, it is less confusing
+# if they are irreducible than if they reduce to 1.
+#
+
+radian    !      # The angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc
+                 #   equal in length to the radius of the circle
+
+sr        !      # Solid angle which cuts off an area of the surface of
+steradian sr     #   the sphere equal to that of a square with sides of
+                 #   length equal to the radius of the sphere
+
+#
+# Some primitive non-SI units
+#
+
+dollar    !      # The US dollar is chosen arbitrarily to be the primitive
+$         dollar #   unit of money.
+
+bit       !      # Basic unit of information (entropy).  The entropy in bits
+                 #   of a random variable over a finite alphabet is defined
+                 #   to be the sum of -p(i)*log2(p(i)) over the alphabet where
+                 #   p(i) is the probability that the random variable takes
+                 #   on the value i.
+
+pi                      3.14159265358979323846
+
+###########################################################################
+#                                                                         #
+# Prefixes (longer names must come first)                                 #
+#                                                                         #
+###########################################################################
+
+yotta-                  1e24     # Greek or Latin octo, "eight"
+zetta-                  1e21     # Latin septem, "seven"
+exa-                    1e18     # Greek hex, "six"
+peta-                   1e15     # Greek pente, "five"
+tera-                   1e12     # Greek teras, "monster"
+giga-                   1e9      # Greek gigas, "giant"
+mega-                   1e6      # Greek megas, "large"
+myria-                  1e4      # Not an official SI prefix
+kilo-                   1e3      # Greek chilioi, "thousand"
+hecto-                  1e2      # Greek hekaton, "hundred"
+deca-                   1e1      # Greek deka, "ten"
+deka-                   deca
+deci-                   1e-1     # Latin decimus, "tenth"
+centi-                  1e-2     # Latin centum, "hundred"
+milli-                  1e-3     # Latin mille, "thousand"
+micro-                  1e-6     # Latin micro or Greek mikros, "small"
+nano-                   1e-9     # Latin nanus or Greek nanos, "dwarf"
+pico-                   1e-12    # Spanish pico, "a bit"
+femto-                  1e-15    # Danish-Norwegian femten, "fifteen"
+atto-                   1e-18    # Danish-Norwegian atten, "eighteen"
+zepto-                  1e-21    # Latin septem, "seven"
+yocto-                  1e-24    # Greek or Latin octo, "eight"
+
+quarter-                1|4
+semi-                   0.5
+demi-                   0.5
+hemi-                   0.5
+half-                   0.5
+double-                 2
+triple-                 3
+treble-                 3
+
+Y-                      yotta
+Z-                      zetta
+E-                      exa
+P-                      peta
+T-                      tera
+G-                      giga
+M-                      mega
+k-                      kilo
+h-                      hecto
+da-                     deka
+d-                      deci
+c-                      centi
+m-                      milli
+n-                      nano
+p-                      pico
+f-                      femto
+a-                      atto
+z-                      zepto
+y-                      yocto
+
+#
+# Names of some numbers
+#
+
+one                     1
+two                     2
+double                  2
+three                   3
+triple                  3
+four                    4
+quadruple               4
+five                    5
+quintuple               5
+six                     6
+seven                   7
+eight                   8
+nine                    9
+ten                     10
+twenty                  20
+thirty                  30
+forty                   40
+fifty                   50
+sixty                   60
+seventy                 70
+eighty                  80
+ninety                  90
+hundred                 100
+thousand                1000
+million                 1e6
+
+# These number terms were described by N. Chuquet and De la Roche in the 16th
+# century as being successive powers of a million.  These definitions are still
+# used in most European countries.  The current US definitions for these
+# numbers arose in the 17th century and don't make nearly as much sense.  These
+# numbers are listed in the CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics by Eric
+# W. Weisstein.
+
+billion                 1e9
+trillion                1e12
+quadrillion             1e15
+quintillion             1e18
+sextillion              1e21
+septillion              1e24
+octillion               1e27
+nonillion               1e30
+noventillion            nonillion
+decillion               1e33
+undecillion             1e36
+duodecillion            1e39
+tredecillion            1e42
+quattuordecillion       1e45
+quindecillion           1e48
+sexdecillion            1e51
+septendecillion         1e54
+octodecillion           1e57
+novemdecillion          1e60
+vigintillion            1e63
+centillion              1e303
+
+googol                  1e100
+
+brbillion               million^2
+brtrillion              million^3
+brquadrillion           million^4
+brquintillion           million^5
+brsextillion            million^6
+brseptillion            million^7
+broctillion             million^8
+brnonillion             million^9
+brnoventillion          brnonillion
+brdecillion             million^10
+brundecillion           million^11
+brduodecillion          million^12
+brtredecillion          million^13
+brquattuordecillion     million^14
+brquindecillion         million^15
+brsexdecillion          million^16
+brseptdecillion         million^17
+broctodecillion         million^18
+brnovemdecillion        million^19
+brvigintillion          million^20
+
+# These numbers fill the gaps left by the European system above.
+
+milliard                1000 million
+billiard                1000 million^2
+trilliard               1000 million^3
+quadrilliard            1000 million^4
+quintilliard            1000 million^5
+sextilliard             1000 million^6
+septilliard             1000 million^7
+octilliard              1000 million^8
+nonilliard              1000 million^9
+noventilliard           nonilliard
+decilliard              1000 million^10
+
+# For consistency 
+
+brmilliard              milliard
+brbilliard              billiard
+brtrilliard             trilliard
+brquadrilliard          quadrilliard
+brquintilliard          quintilliard
+brsextilliard           sextilliard
+brseptilliard           septilliard
+broctilliard            octilliard
+brnonilliard            nonilliard
+brnoventilliard         noventilliard
+brdecilliard            decilliard
+
+# The British Centillion would be 1e600.  The googolplex is another 
+# familiar large number equal to 10^googol.  These numbers give overflows.
+
+
+#############################################################################
+#                                                                           #
+# Derived units which can be reduced to the primitive units                 #
+#                                                                           #
+#############################################################################
+
+#
+# Named SI derived units (officially accepted)
+#
+
+newton                  kg m / s^2   # force
+N                       newton
+pascal                  N/m^2        # pressure or stress
+Pa                      pascal
+joule                   N m          # energy
+J                       joule
+watt                    J/s          # power
+W                       watt
+coulomb                 A s          # charge
+C                       coulomb
+volt                    W/A          # potential difference
+V                       volt
+ohm                     V/A          # electrical resistance
+siemens                 A/V          # electrical conductance
+S                       siemens
+farad                   C/V          # capacitance
+F                       farad
+weber                   V s          # magnetic flux
+Wb                      weber
+henry                   Wb/A         # inductance
+H                       henry
+tesla                   Wb/m^2       # magnetic flux density
+T                       tesla
+hertz                   /s           # frequency
+Hz                      hertz
+
+#
+# units derived easily from SI units
+#
+
+gram                    millikg
+gm                      gram
+g                       gram
+tonne                   1000 kg
+t                       tonne
+metricton               tonne
+sthene                  tonne m / s^2
+funal                   sthene
+pieze                   sthene / m^2
+quintal                 100 kg
+bar                     1e5 Pa     # About 1 atm
+vac                     millibar
+micron                  micrometer # One millionth of a meter
+bicron                  picometer  # One brbillionth of a meter
+cc                      cm^3
+are                     100 m^2
+liter                   1000 cc       # The liter was defined in 1901 as the
+oldliter                1.000028 dm^3 # space occupied by 1 kg of pure water at
+l                       liter         # the temperature of its maximum density
+                                      # under a pressure of 1 atm.  This was
+                                      # supposed to be 1000 cubic cm, but it
+                                      # was discovered that the original
+                                      # measurement was off.  In 1964, the
+                                      # liter was redefined to be exactly 1000
+                                      # cubic centimeters.
+mho                     siemens    # Inverse of ohm, hence ohm spelled backward
+galvat                  ampere     # Named after Luigi Galvani
+angstrom                1e-10 m    # Convenient for describing molecular sizes
+xunit                   1.00202e-13 meter # Used for measuring wavelengths
+siegbahn                xunit             # of X-rays.  It is defined to be
+                                          # 1|3029.45 of the spacing of calcite
+                                          # planes at 18 degC.  It was intended
+                                          # to be exactly 1e-13 m, but was
+                                          # later found to be off slightly.
+fermi                   1e-15 m    # Convenient for describing nuclear sizes
+                                   #   Nuclear radius is from 1 to 10 fermis
+barn                    1e-28 m^2  # Used to measure cross section for
+                                   #   particle physics collision, said to 
+                                   #   have originated in the phrase "big as
+                                   #   a barn".
+shed                    1e-24 barn # Defined to be a smaller companion to the
+                                   #   barn, but it's too small to be of
+                                   #   much use.
+brewster                micron^2/N # measures stress-optical coef
+diopter                 /m         # measures reciprocal of lens focal length
+fresnel                 1e12 Hz    # occasionally used in spectroscopy
+shake                   1e-8 s
+svedberg                1e-13 s    # Used for measuring the sedimentation
+                                   # coefficient for centrifuging.
+gamma                   microgram
+lambda                  microliter
+spat                    1e12 m     # Rarely used for astronomical measurements
+preece                  1e13 ohm m # resistivity
+planck                  J s        # action of one joule over one second
+sturgeon                /henry     # magnetic reluctance
+daraf                   1/farad    # elastance (farad spelled backwards)
+leo                     10 m/s^2
+poiseuille              N s / m^2  # viscosity
+mayer                   J/g K      # specific heat
+mired                   / microK   # reciprocal color temperature.  The name
+                                   #   abbreviates micro reciprocal degree.
+crocodile               megavolt   # used informally in UK physics labs
+metricounce             25 g
+mounce                  metricounce
+finsenunit              1e5 W/m^2  # Measures intensity of ultraviolet light
+                                   # with wavelength 296.7 nm.
+fluxunit                1e-26 W/m^2 Hz # Used in radio astronomy to measure
+                                       #   the energy incident on the receiving
+                                       #   body across a specified frequency
+                                       #   bandwidth.  [12]
+jansky                  fluxunit   # K. G. Jansky identified radio waves coming
+Jy                      jansky     # from outer space in 1931.
+
+#
+# time
+#
+
+sec                     s
+minute                  60 s
+min                     minute
+hour                    60 min
+hr                      hour
+day                     24 hr
+d                       day
+da                      day
+week                    7 day
+wk                      week
+sennight                7 day
+fortnight               14 day
+blink                   1e-5 day   # Actual human blink takes 1|3 second      
+ce                      1e-2 day
+#cron                    1e6 years
+
+#
+# angular measure
+#
+
+circle                  2 pi radian
+degree                  1|360 circle
+deg			degree		# added by M.T.
+arcdeg                  degree
+arcmin                  1|60 degree
+'                       arcmin
+arcsec                  1|60 arcmin
+"                       arcsec
+''                      "
+rightangle              90 degrees
+quadrant                1|4 circle
+quintant                1|5 circle
+sextant                 1|6 circle
+
+sign                    1|12 circle # Angular extent of one sign of the zodiac
+turn                    circle
+revolution              turn
+rev                     turn
+pulsatance              radian / sec
+gon                     1|100 rightangle  # measure of grade
+grade                   gon
+centesimalminute        1|100 grade
+centesimalsecond        1|100 centesimalminute
+milangle                1|6400 circle     # Official NIST definition.
+                                          # Another choice is 1e-3 radian.
+pointangle              1|32 circle
+centrad                 0.01 radian  # Used for angular deviation of light
+                                     # through a prism.
+
+#
+# Solid angle measure
+#
+
+sphere                  4 pi sr
+squaredegree            1|180^2 pi^2 sr
+squareminute            1|60^2 squaredegree
+squaresecond            1|60^2 squareminute
+squarearcmin            squareminute
+squarearcsec            squaresecond
+sphericalrightangle     0.5 pi sr
+octant                  0.5 pi sr
+
+#
+# Concentration measures
+#
+
+percent                 0.01
+%                       percent
+proof                   1|200     # Alcohol content measured by volume at
+                                  # 60 degrees Fahrenheit.  This is a USA
+                                  # measure.  In Europe proof=percent.
+ppm                     1e-6
+partspermillion         ppm
+ppb                     1e-9
+partsperbillion         ppb       # USA billion
+ppt                     1e-12
+partspertrillion        ppt       # USA trillion
+karat                   1|24      # measure of gold purity
+caratgold               karat
+gammil                  mg/l
+basispoint              0.01 %    # Used in finance 
+
+#
+# Temperature difference (we can't handle the shift required for conversion
+#                         of absolute temperatures)
+
+degcelsius              K         # In 1741  Anders Celsius introduced a
+degC                    K         # temperature scale with water boiling at 0
+                                  # degrees and freezing at 100 degrees at
+                                  # standard pressure.  After his death the
+                                  # fixed points were reversed and the scale
+                                  # was called the centigrade scale.  Due to 
+                                  # the difficulty of accurately measuring the
+                                  # temperature of melting ice at standard
+                                  # pressure, the centigrade scale was replaced
+                                  # in 1954 by the Celsius scale which is
+                                  # defined by subtracting 273.15 from the
+                                  # temperature in Kelvins.  This definition
+                                  # differed slightly from the old centigrade
+                                  # definition, but the Kelvin scale depends on
+                                  # the triple point of water rather than a
+                                  # melting point, so it can be measured
+                                  # accurately.
+degfahrenheit           5|9 degC  # Fahrenheit defined his temperature scale
+degF                    5|9 degC  # by setting 0 to the coldest temperature
+                                  # he could produce and by setting 96 degrees
+                                  # to body heat (for reasons unknown).
+degreesrankine          degF              # The Rankine scale has the 
+degrankine              degreesrankine    # Fahrenheit degree, but it's zero
+degreerankine           degF              # is at absolute zero.
+degR                    degrankine
+degreaumur              10|8 degC # The Reaumur scale was used in Europe and
+                                  # particularly in France.  It is defined
+                                  # to be 0 at the freezing point of water
+                                  # and 80 at the boiling point.  Reaumur
+                                  # apparently selected 80 because it is
+                                  # divisible by many numbers.
+degK                    K         # "Degrees Kelvin" is forbidden usage.
+
+#
+# Physical constants
+#
+
+# Basic constants
+
+c                       2.99792458e8 m/s # speed of light in vacuum (exact)
+light                   c
+mu_zero                  4 pi 1e-7 H/m    # permeability of vacuum (exact)
+epsilon_zero             1/mu_zero c^2        # permittivity of vacuum (exact)
+energy                  c^2              # convert mass to energy
+e                      1.602176462e-19 C # electron charge
+h                     6.62606876e-34 J s # Planck constant
+hbar                    h / 2 pi
+G                 6.673e-11 N m^2 / kg^2 # Newtonian gravity const
+coulombconst            1/4 pi epsilon_zero  # listed as "k" sometimes
+au                      1.49597871e11 m  # astronomical unit
+astronomicalunit        au
+
+# Various conventional values
+
+gravity                 9.80665 m/s^2    # std acceleration of gravity (exact)
+force                   gravity          # use to turn masses into forces
+atm                     101325 Pa        # Standard atmospheric pressure
+atmosphere              atm
+Hg             13.5951 gram force / cm^3 # Standard weight of mercury (exact)
+water                   gram force/cm^3  # Standard weight of water (exact)
+H2O                     water
+wc                      water            # water column
+mach                    331.46 m/s       # speed of sound in dry air at STP
+standardtemp            273.15 K         # standard temperature
+stdtemp                 standardtemp
+
+# Physico-chemical constants
+
+atomicmassunit          1.66053873e-27 kg# atomic mass unit (defined to be
+u                       atomicmassunit   #   1|12 of the mass of carbon 12)
+amu                     atomicmassunit
+amu_chem                1.66026e-27 kg   # 1|16 of the weighted average mass of
+                                         #   the 3 naturally occuring neutral
+                                         #   isotopes of oxygen
+amu_phys                1.65981e-27 kg   # 1|16 of the mass of a neutral
+                                         #   oxygen 16 atom
+dalton                  u                # Maybe this should be amu_chem?
+avogadro                grams/amu mol    # size of a mole
+N_A                     avogadro
+gasconstant           8.314472 J / mol K # molar gas constant
+R                       gasconstant
+boltzmann               R / N_A          # Boltzmann constant
+k                       boltzmann
+molarvolume         mol R stdtemp / atm  # Volume occupied by one mole of an
+                                         #   ideal gas at STP.  
+loschmidt     avogadro mol / molarvolume # Molecules per cubic meter of an
+                                         #   ideal gas at STP.  Loschmidt did
+                                         #   work similar to Avogadro.  
+stefanboltzmann pi^2 k^4 / 60 hbar^3 c^2 # The power radiated by a blackbody 
+sigma                   stefanboltzmann  #   at temperature T is given by 
+                                         #   sigma T^4.
+wiendisplacement        2.8977686e-3 m K # Wien's Displacement Law gives the
+                                         #   frequency at which the the Planck
+                                         #   spectrum has maximum intensity.
+                                         #   The relation is lambda T = b where
+                                         #   lambda is wavelength, T is
+                                         #   temperature and b is the Wien
+                                         #   displacement.  This relation is
+                                         #   used to determine the temperature
+                                         #   of stars.  
+K_J    483597.9 GHz/V   # Direct measurement of the volt is difficult.  Until
+                        #   recently, laboratories kept Weston cadmium cells as
+                        #   a reference, but they could drift.  In 1987 the
+                        #   CGPM officially recommended the use of the
+                        #   Josephson effect as a laboratory representation of
+                        #   the volt.  The Josephson effect occurs when two
+                        #   superconductors are separated by a thin insulating
+                        #   layer.  A "supercurrent" flows across the insulator
+                        #   with a frequency that depends on the potential
+                        #   applied across the superconductors.  This frequency
+                        #   can be very accurately measured.  The Josephson
+                        #   constant K_J, which is equal to 2e/h, relates the
+                        #   measured frequency to the potential.  The value
+                        #   given here is the officially specified value for
+                        #   use beginning in 1990.  The 1998 recommended value
+                        #   of the constant is 483597.898 GHz/V.
+R_K    25812.807 ohm    # Measurement of the ohm also presents difficulties.
+                        #   The old approach involved maintaining resistances
+                        #   that were subject to drift.  The new standard is
+                        #   based on the Hall effect.  When a current carrying
+                        #   ribbon is placed in a magnetic field, a potential
+                        #   difference develops across the ribbon.  The ratio
+                        #   of the potential difference to the current is
+                        #   called the Hall resistance.  Klaus von Klitzing
+                        #   discovered in 1980 that the Hall resistance varies
+                        #   in discrete jumps when the magnetic field is very
+                        #   large and the temperature very low.  This enables
+                        #   accurate realization of the resistance h/e^2 in the
+                        #   lab.  The value given here is the officially
+                        #   specified value for use beginning in 1990.
+
+# Weight of mercury and water at different temperatures using the standard
+# force of gravity.
+
+Hg10C         13.5708 force gram / cm^3  # These units, when used to form  
+Hg20C         13.5462 force gram / cm^3  # pressure measures, are not accurate
+Hg23C         13.5386 force gram / cm^3  # because of considerations of the
+Hg30C         13.5217 force gram / cm^3  # revised practical temperature scale.
+Hg40C         13.4973 force gram / cm^3
+Hg60F         13.5574 force gram / cm^3  
+H2O0C         0.99987 force gram / cm^3
+H2O5C         0.99999 force gram / cm^3
+H2O10C        0.99973 force gram / cm^3
+H2O15C        0.99913 force gram / cm^3
+H2O18C        0.99862 force gram / cm^3
+H2O20C        0.99823 force gram / cm^3
+H2O25C        0.99707 force gram / cm^3
+H2O50C        0.98807 force gram / cm^3
+H2O100C       0.95838 force gram / cm^3
+
+# Atomic constants
+
+Rinfinity               10973731.568 /m  # The wavelengths of a spectral series
+R_H                     10967760 /m      #   can be expressed as 
+                                         #     1/lambda = R (1/m^2 - 1/n^2).
+                                         #   where R is a number that various
+                                         #   slightly from element to element.
+                                         #   For hydrogen, R_H is the value,
+                                         #   and for heavy elements, the value
+                                         #   approaches Rinfinity, which can be
+                                         #   computed from 
+                                         #        m_e c alpha^2 / 2 h 
+                                         #   with a loss of 5 digits
+                                         #   of precision.  
+alpha                   7.297352533e-3   # The fine structure constant was
+                                         #   introduced to explain fine
+                                         #   structure visible in spectral
+                                         #   lines.  It can be computed from
+                                         #         mu_zero c e^2 / 2 h  
+                                         #   with a loss of 3 digits precision
+                                         #   and loss of precision in derived
+                                         #   values which use alpha.
+bohrradius              alpha / 4 pi Rinfinity
+                                         #   binding energy of the deuteron
+# Planck constants
+
+planckmass              2.1767e-8 kg     # sqrt(hbar c / G)
+m_P                     planckmass
+plancktime              hbar / planckmass c^2
+t_P                     plancktime
+plancklength            plancktime c
+l_P                     plancklength
+
+# Masses of elementary particles
+
+electronmass            5.485799110e-4 u
+m_e                     electronmass
+protonmass              1.00727646688 u
+m_p                     protonmass
+neutronmass             1.00866491578 u
+m_n                     neutronmass
+muonmass                0.1134289168 u
+m_mu                    muonmass
+deuteronmass            2.01355321271 u
+m_d                     deuteronmass
+alphaparticlemass       4.0015061747 u
+m_alpha                 alphaparticlemass
+
+# particle wavelengths: the compton wavelength of a particle is
+# defined as h / m c where m is the mass of the particle.
+
+electronwavelength      h / m_e c            
+lambda_C                electronwavelength
+protonwavelength        h / m_p c
+lambda_C,p              protonwavelength
+neutronwavelength       h / m_n c
+lambda_C,n              neutronwavelength
+
+# Magnetic moments
+
+bohrmagneton            e hbar / 2 electronmass
+mu_B                    bohrmagneton
+nuclearmagneton         e hbar /  2 protonmass
+mu_N                    nuclearmagneton
+mu_mu                   4.49044813e-26 J/T  # Muon magnetic moment
+mu_p                    1.410606633e-26 J/T # Proton magnetic moment
+mu_e                    928.476362e-26 J/T  # Electron magnetic moment
+mu_n                    0.96623640e-26 J/T  # Neutron magnetic moment
+mu_d                    0.433073457e-26 J/T # Deuteron magnetic moment
+
+#
+# Units derived from physical constants
+#
+
+kgf                     kg force
+technicalatmosphere     kgf / cm^2
+at                      technicalatmosphere
+hyl                     kgf s^2 / m   # Also gram-force s^2/m according to [15]
+mmHg                    mm Hg
+torr                    mmHg     # These units, both named after Evangelista
+tor                     Pa       # Torricelli, should not be confused.  
+                                 # Acording to [15] the torr is actually 
+                                 # atm/760 which is slightly different.
+#inH2O                   inch water
+#mmH2O                   mm water
+eV                      e V      # Energy acquired by a particle with charge e
+electronvolt            eV       #   when it is accelerated through 1 V
+lightyear               365.25 d c # The 365.25 day year is specified in
+                                   # NIST publication 811
+lightsecond             c s
+lightminute             c min
+parsec                  au radian / arcsec  # Unit of length equal to distance
+pc                      parsec              #   from the sun to a point having
+                                            #   heliocentric parallax of 1
+                                            #   arcsec (derived from parallax
+                                            #   second) The formula should use
+                                            #   tangent, but the error is about
+                                            #   1e-12.
+rydberg                 h c Rinfinity       # Rydberg energy
+crith                   0.089885 gram       # The crith is the mass of one
+                                            #   liter of hydrogen at standard
+                                            #   temperature and pressure.
+amagatvolume            molarvolume
+lorentz                 bohrmagneton / h c  # Used to measure the extent
+                                            #   that the frequency of light
+                                            #   is shifted by a magnetic field.
+cminv                   h c / cm            # Unit of energy used in infrared
+invcm                   cminv               #   spectroscopy.  
+wavenumber              cminv
+                                            #   energy by physical chemists.
+#
+# CGS system based on centimeter, gram and second
+#
+
+dyne                    cm gram / s^2   # force
+dyn                     dyne
+erg                     cm dyne         # energy
+poise                   gram / cm s     # viscosity, honors Jean Poiseuille
+P                       poise
+rhe                     /poise          # reciprocal viscosity
+stokes                  cm^2 / s        # kinematic viscosity
+St                      stokes
+stoke                   stokes
+lentor                  stokes          # old name
+Gal                     cm / s^2        # acceleration, used in geophysics
+galileo                 Gal             # for earth's gravitational field
+                                        # (note that "gal" is for gallon
+                                        # but "Gal" is the standard symbol
+                                        # for the gal which is evidently a
+                                        # shortened form of "galileo".)
+barye                   dyne/cm^2       # pressure
+barad                   barye           # old name
+kayser                  1/cm            # Proposed as a unit for wavenumber
+balmer                  kayser          # Even less common name than "kayser"
+kine                    cm/s            # velocity
+bole                    g cm / s        # momentum
+pond                    gram force
+glug                gram force s^2 / cm # Mass which is accelerated at
+                                        #   1 cm/s^2 by 1 gram force
+darcy           centipoise cm^2 / s atm # Measures permeability to fluid flow.
+                                        # One darcy is the permeability of a
+                                        # medium that allows a flow of cc/s of
+                                        # a liquid of centipoise viscosity
+                                        # under a pressure gradient of atm/cm.
+mohm                    cm / dyn s      # mobile ohm, measure of mechanical
+mobileohm               mohm            #   mobility
+mechanicalohm           dyn s / cm      # mechanical resistance
+acousticalohm           dyn s / cm^5    # ratio of the sound pressure of
+                                        #   1 dyn/cm^2 to a source of strength
+                                        #   1 cm^3/s
+ray                     acousticalohm
+rayl                    dyn s / cm^3    # Specific acoustical resistance
+eotvos                  1e-9 Gal/cm     # Change in gravitational acceleration
+                                        #   over horizontal distance
+
+# Electromagnetic units derived from the abampere
+
+abampere                10 A            # Current which produces a force of
+abamp                   abampere        #   2 dyne/cm between two infinitely
+aA                      abampere        #   long wires that are 1 cm apart
+biot                    aA              # alternative name for abamp
+Bi                      biot
+abcoulomb               abamp sec
+abcoul                  abcoulomb
+abvolt                  dyne cm  / abamp sec
+abohm                   abvolt / abamp
+abmho                   /abohm
+gauss                   abvolt sec / cm^2
+Gs                      gauss
+maxwell                 abvolt sec      # Also called the "line"
+Mx                      maxwell
+oersted                 gauss / mu_zero
+Oe                      oersted
+gilbert                 gauss cm / mu_zero
+Gb                      gilbert
+Gi                      gilbert
+unitpole                4 pi maxwell
+
+# Gaussian system: electromagnetic units derived from statampere.
+#
+# Note that the Gaussian units are often used in such a way that Coulomb's law
+# has the form F= q1 * q2 / r^2.  The constant 1|4*pi*epsilon_zero is incorporated
+# into the units.  From this, we can get the relation force=charge^2/dist^2.
+# This means that the simplification esu^2 = dyne cm^2 can be used to simplify
+# units in the Gaussian system, with the curious result that capacitance can be
+# measured in cm, resistance in sec/cm, and inductance in sec^2/cm.  These
+# units are given the names statfarad, statohm and stathenry below.  
+
+statampere              10 A cm / s c
+statamp                 statampere
+statvolt                dyne cm / statamp sec
+statcoulomb             statamp s
+esu                     statcoulomb
+statcoul                statcoulomb
+statfarad               statamp sec / statvolt
+cmcapacitance           statfarad
+stathenry               statvolt sec / statamp
+statohm                 statvolt / statamp
+statmho                 /statohm
+statmaxwell             statvolt sec
+franklin                statcoulomb
+debye                   1e-18 statcoul cm # unit of electrical dipole moment
+helmholtz               debye/angstrom^2  # Dipole moment per area
+jar                     1000 statfarad    # approx capacitance of Leyden jar
+
+#
+# Some historical eletromagnetic units
+#
+
+intampere               0.999835 A    # Defined as the current which in one
+intamp                  intampere     #   second deposits .001118 gram of
+                                      #   silver from an aqueous solution of
+                                      #   silver nitrate.
+intfarad                0.999505 F
+intvolt                 1.00033 V
+intohm                  1.000495 ohm  # Defined as the resistance of a
+                                      #   uniform column of mercury containing
+                                      #   14.4521 gram in a column 1.063 m
+                                      #   long and maintained at 0 degC.
+daniell                 1.042 V       # Meant to be electromotive force of a
+                                      #   Daniell cell, but in error by .04 V
+faraday                 N_A e mol     # Charge that must flow to deposit or
+faraday_phys            96521.9 C     #   liberate one gram equivalent of any
+faraday_chem            96495.7 C     #   element.  (The chemical and physical
+                                      #   values are off slightly from what is
+                                      #   obtained by multiplying by amu_chem
+                                      #   or amu_phys.  These values are from
+                                      #   a 1991 NIST publication.)  Note that
+                                      #   there is a Faraday constant which is
+                                      #   equal to N_A e and hence has units of
+                                      #   C/mol.  
+kappline                6000 maxwell  # Named by and for Gisbert Kapp
+siemensunit             0.9534 ohm    # Resistance of a meter long column of
+                                      #   mercury with a 1 mm cross section.
+
+# US units
+
+inch                    2.54 cm
+in                      inch
+foot                    12 inch
+feet                    foot
+ft                      foot
+yard                    3 ft
+yd                      yard
+mile                    5280 ft
+
+#
+# Photometric units
+#
+
+candle                  1.02 candela  # Standard unit for luminous intensity
+hefnerunit              0.9 candle    #   in use before candela
+hefnercandle            hefnerunit    #
+violle                  20.17 cd      # luminous intensity of 1 cm^2 of
+                                      #   platinum at its temperature of
+                                      #   solidification (2045 K)
+
+lumen                   cd sr         # Luminous flux (luminous energy per
+lm                      lumen         #    time unit)
+
+talbot                  lumen s       # Luminous energy
+lumberg                 talbot
+
+lux                     lm/m^2        # Illuminance or exitance (luminous
+lx                      lux           #   flux incident on or coming from
+phot                    lumen / cm^2  #   a surface)
+ph                      phot          #
+footcandle              lumen/ft^2    # Illuminance from a 1 candela source
+                                      #    at a distance of one foot
+metercandle             lumen/m^2     # Illuminance from a 1 candela source
+                                      #    at a distance of one meter
+
+mcs                     metercandle s # luminous energy per area, used to
+                                      #    measure photographic exposure
+
+nox                     1e-3 lux      # These two units were proposed for
+                                      # eyes.
+# Luminance measures
+
+nit                     cd/m^2        # Luminance: the intensity per projected
+stilb                   cd / cm^2     # area of an extended luminous source.
+sb                      stilb         # (nit is from latin nitere = to shine.)
+
+apostilb                cd/pi m^2
+asb                     apostilb
+blondel                 apostilb      # Named after a French scientist.
+
+# Equivalent luminance measures.  These units are units which measure
+# the luminance of a surface with a specified exitance which obeys
+# Lambert's law.  (Lambert's law specifies that luminous intensity of
+# a perfectly diffuse luminous surface is proportional to the cosine
+# of the angle at which you view the luminous surface.)
+
+equivalentlux           cd / pi m^2   # luminance of a 1 lux surface
+equivalentphot          cd / pi cm^2  # luminance of a 1 phot surface
+lambert                 cd / pi cm^2
+footlambert             cd / pi ft^2
+
+# Some luminance data from the IES Lighting Handbook, 8th ed, 1993
+
+sunlum                  1.6e9 cd/m^2  # at zenith
+sunillum                100e3 lux     # clear sky
+sunillum_o              10e3 lux      # overcast sky
+sunlum_h                6e6 cd/m^2    # value at horizon
+skylum                  8000 cd/m^2   # average, clear sky
+skylum_o                2000 cd/m^2   # average, overcast sky
+moonlum                 2500 cd/m^2
+
+#
+# Astronomical time measurements
+#
+
+anomalisticyear         365.2596 days       # The time between successive
+                                            #   perihelion passages of the 
+                                            #   earth.
+siderealyear            365.256360417 day   # The time for the earth to make
+                                            #   one revolution around the sun
+                                            #   relative to the stars.
+tropicalyear            365.242198781 day   # The mean interval between vernal
+                                            #   equinoxes.  Differs from the
+                                            #   sidereal year by 1 part in
+                                            #   26000 due to precession of the
+                                            #   earth about its rotational axis
+                                            #   combined with precession of the
+                                            #   perihelion of the earth's
+                                            #   orbit.
+gaussianyear            365.2690 days       # The orbital period of a body in
+                                            #   circular orbit at a distance of
+                                            #   1 au from the sun.  Calculated
+                                            #   from Kepler's third law.
+siderealday             23.934469444 hour   # The sidereal day is the interval
+siderealhour            1|24 siderealday    #   between two successive transits
+siderealminute          1|60 siderealhour   #   of a star over the meridian,
+siderealsecond          1|60 siderealminute #   or the time required  for the
+                                            #   earth to make one rotation
+                                            #   relative to the stars.  The
+                                            #   more usual solar day is the
+                                            #   time required to make a
+                                            #   rotation relative to the sun.
+                                            #   Because the earth moves in its
+                                            #   orbit, it has to turn a bit
+                                            #   extra to face the sun again,
+                                            #   hence the solar day is slightly
+                                            #   longer.
+anomalisticmonth        27.55454977 day     # Time from perigee to perigee
+nodicalmonth            27.2122199 day      # The nodes are the points where
+draconicmonth           nodicalmonth        #   an orbit crosses the ecliptic.
+draconiticmonth         nodicalmonth        #   This is the time required to
+                                            #   travel from the ascending node
+                                            #   to the next ascending node.
+siderealmonth           27.321661 day       # Time required for the moon to
+                                            #   orbit the earth
+lunarmonth              29.5305555 day      # Time between full moons. Full 
+synodicmonth            lunarmonth          #   moon occur when the sun and 
+lunation                synodicmonth        #   moon are on opposite sides of
+lune                    1|30 lunation       #   the earth.  Since the earth
+lunour                  1|24 lune           #   moves around the sun, the moon
+                                            #   has to revolve a bit farther to
+                                            #   get into the full moon
+                                            #   configuration.
+year                    tropicalyear
+years			year
+yr                      year
+month                   1|12 year
+mo                      month
+decade                  10 years
+century                 100 years
+millennium              1000 years
+millennia               millennium
+solaryear               year
+lunaryear               12 lunarmonth
+calendaryear            365 day
+commonyear              365 day
+leapyear                366 day
+julianyear              365.25 day
+gregorianyear           365.2425 day
+islamicyear             354 day          # A year of 12 lunar months. They
+islamicleapyear         355 day          # began counting on July 16, AD 622
+                                         # when Muhammad emigrated to Medina
+                                         # (the year of the Hegira).  They need
+                                         # 11 leap days in 30 years to stay in
+                                         # sync with the lunar year which is a
+                                         # bit longer than the 29.5 days of the
+                                         # average month.  
+islamicmonth            1|12 islamicyear # They have 29 day and 30 day months.
+
+# Sidereal days
+
+mercuryday              58.6462 day
+venusday                243.01 day        # retrograde
+earthday                siderealday
+marsday                 1.02595675 day
+jupiterday              0.41354 day
+saturnday               0.4375 day
+uranusday               0.65 day          # retrograde
+neptuneday              0.768 day
+plutoday                6.3867 day
+
+# Planetary sidereal years
+
+mercuryyear             86.96 day
+venusyear               224.68 day
+earthyear               siderealyear
+marsyear                686.95 day
+jupiteryear             11.862 tropicalyear
+saturnyear              29.458 tropicalyear
+uranusyear              84.012 tropicalyear
+neptuneyear             164.798 tropicalyear
+plutoyear               248.5 tropicalyear
+
+#
+# Some other astronomical values
+#
+
+sunmass                 1.9891e30 kg
+sunradius               6.96e8 m
+
+earthmass               5.9742e24 kg
+earthradius             6371331.3 m     # mean 
+earthradius_polar       6356912.0 m
+earthradius_equatorial  6378388.0 m
+landarea                148.847e6 km^2
+oceanarea               361.254e6 km^2
+
+moonmass                7.3483e22 kg
+moonradius              1738 km         # mean value
+
+sundist                 1.0000010178 au # mean earth-sun distance
+moondist                3.844e8 m       # mean earth-moon distance
+sundist_near            1.471e11 m      # earth-sun distance at perihelion
+sundist_far             1.521e11 m      # earth-sun distance at aphelion
+
+mercurymass             0.33022e24 kg
+venusmass               4.8690e24 kg
+marsmass                0.64191e24 kg
+jupitermass             1898.8e24 kg
+saturnmass              568.5e24 kg
+uranusmass              86.625e24 kg
+neptunemass             102.78e24 kg
+plutomass               0.015e24 kg
+
+mercuryradius           2.57 Mm
+venusradius             6.3 Mm
+marsradius              3.43 Mm
+jupiterradius           72 Mm
+saturnradius            60.5 Mm
+uranusradius            26.7 Mm
+neptuneradius           24.9 Mm
+
+moongravity             1.62 m/s^2
+
+#
+# The Hartree system of atomic units, derived from fundamental units
+# of mass (of electron), action (planck's constant), charge, and
+# the coulomb constant.
+
+# Fundamental units
+
+atomicmass              electronmass
+atomiccharge            e
+atomicaction            hbar
+
+# derived units (Warning: accuracy is lost from deriving them this way)
+
+atomiclength            bohrradius
+atomictime              hbar^3/coulombconst^2 atomicmass e^4 # Period of first
+                                                             # bohr orbit
+atomicvelocity          atomiclength / atomictime
+atomicenergy            hbar / atomictime
+hartree                 atomicenergy
+Hartree                 hartree
+
+#
+# These thermal units treat entropy as charge, from [5]
+#
+
+thermalcoulomb          J/K        # entropy
+thermalampere           W/K        # entropy flow
+thermalfarad            J/K^2
+thermalohm              K^2/W      # thermal resistance
+fourier                 thermalohm
+thermalhenry            J K^2/W^2  # thermal inductance
+thermalvolt             K          # thermal potential difference
+
+
+#
+# United States units
+#
+
+# linear measure
+
+# The US Metric Law of 1866 gave the exact relation 1 meter = 39.37 inches.
+# From 1893 until 1959, the foot was exactly 1200|3937 meters.  In 1959
+# the definition was changed to bring the US into agreement with other
+# countries.  Since then, the foot has been exactly 0.3048 meters.  At the
+# same time it was decided that any data expressed in feet derived from
+# geodetic surveys within the US would continue to use the old definition.
+
+US                      1200|3937 m/ft   # These four values will convert
+US-                     US               #   international measures to
+survey-                 US               #   US Survey measures
+geodetic-               US
+int                     3937|1200 ft/m   # Convert US Survey measures to
+int-                    int              #   international measures
+
+line                    1|12 inch  # Also defined as '.1 in' or as '1e-8 Wb'
+rod                     5.5 USyard
+perch                   rod
+furlong                 40 rod           # From "furrow long" 
+statutemile             USmile
+league                  3 USmile
+
+# surveyor's measure
+
+surveyorschain          66 surveyft
+surveyorspole           1|4 surveyorschain
+surveyorslink           1|100 surveyorschain
+chain                   surveyorschain
+surveychain             chain
+ch                      chain
+link                    surveyorslink
+acre                    10 chain^2
+intacre                 43560 ft^2   # Acre based on international ft
+acrefoot                acre surveyfoot
+section                 USmile^2
+township                36 section
+homestead               160 acre # Area of land granted by the 1862 Homestead
+                                 # Act of the United States Congress
+gunterschain            surveyorschain
+
+engineerschain          100 ft
+engineerslink           1|100 engineerschain
+ramsdenschain           engineerschain
+ramsdenslink            engineerslink
+
+# nautical measure
+
+fathom                  6 USft   # Originally defined as the distance from
+                                 #   fingertip to fingertip with arms fully
+                                 #   extended.
+nauticalmile            1852 m   # Supposed to be one minute of latitude at
+                                 # the equator.  That value is about 1855 m.
+                                 # Early estimates of the earth's circumference
+                                 # were a bit off.  The value of 1852 m was
+                                 # made the international standard in 1929.
+                                 # The US did not accept this value until
+                                 # 1954.  The UK switched in 1970.
+
+cable                   1|10 nauticalmile
+intcable                cable              # international cable
+cablelength             cable
+UScable                 100 fathom
+navycablelength         720 USft
+marineleague            3 nauticalmile
+knot                    nauticalmile / hr
+
+# Avoirdupois weight
+
+pound                   0.45359237 kg   # The one normally used
+lb                      pound           # From the latin libra
+lbs                     pound
+grain                   1|7000 pound    # The grain is the same in all three
+                                        # weight systems.  It was originally
+                                        # defined as the weight of a barley
+                                        # corn taken from the middle of the
+                                        # ear.
+ounce                   1|16 pound
+oz                      ounce
+dram                    1|16 ounce
+dr                      dram
+hundredweight           100 pounds      # This is the USA hundredweight
+cwt                     hundredweight
+shorthundredweight      hundredweight
+ton                     2000 lb
+shortton                ton
+quarter                 1|4 ton
+shortquarter            1|4 shortton
+
+
+# Troy Weight.  In 1828 the troy pound was made the first United States
+# standard weight.  It was to be used to regulate coinage.
+
+troypound               5760 grain
+troyounce               1|12 troypound
+ozt                     troyounce
+pennyweight             1|20 troyounce  # Abbreviated "d" in reference to a
+dwt                     pennyweight     #   Frankish coin called the "denier"
+                                        #   minted in the late 700's.  There  
+                                        #   were 240 deniers to the pound.
+assayton                mg ton / troyounce   # mg / assayton = troyounce / ton
+
+# Some other jewelers units
+
+metriccarat             0.2 gram
+metricgrain             50 mg
+carat                   metriccarat
+ct                      carat
+jewelerspoint           1|100 carat
+silversmithpoint        1|4000 inch
+
+
+# Apothecaries' weight
+
+appound                 troypound
+apounce                 troyounce
+apdram                  1|8 apounce
+scruple                 1|3 apdram
+
+# Liquid measure
+
+gallon                  231 in^3
+gal                     gallon
+quart                   1|4 gallon
+qt                      quart
+pint                    1|2 qt
+pt                      pint
+gill                    1|4 pint
+fluidounce              1|16 pint
+floz                    fluidounce
+fluiddram               1|8 floz
+fldr                    fluiddram
+minim                   1|60 fldr
+liquidbarrel            31.5 gallon
+petroleumbarrel         42 gallon       # Originated in Pennsylvania oil
+barrel                  petroleumbarrel # fields, from the winetierce
+bbl                     barrel
+hogshead                63 gallon
+firkin                  9 gallon
+
+# Dry measures: The Winchester Bushel was defined by William III in 1702 and
+# legally adopted in the US in 1836.
+
+drybarrel               7056 in^3
+bushel                  2150.42 in^3  # Volume of 8 inch cylinder with 18.5
+bu                      bushel        # inch diameter (rounded)
+peck                    1|4 bushel
+pk                      peck
+drygallon               1|2 peck
+dryquart                1|4 drygallon
+drypint                 1|2 dryquart
+
+# Grain measures.  The bushel as it is used by farmers in the USA is actually
+# a measure of mass which varies for different commodities.  Canada uses the
+# same bushel masses for most commodities, but not for oats.
+
+wheatbushel             60 lb
+soybeanbushel           60 lb
+cornbushel              56 lb
+ryebushel               56 lb
+barleybushel            48 lb 
+oatbushel               32 lb
+ricebushel              45 lb
+canada_oatbushel        34 lb
+
+# Wine and Spirits measure
+
+pony                    1 floz
+jigger                  1.5 floz   # Can vary between 1 and 2 floz
+shot                    jigger     # Sometimes 1 floz
+eushot                  25 ml      # EU standard spirits measure
+fifth                   1|5 gallon
+winebottle              750 ml     # US industry standard, 1979
+winesplit               1|4 winebottle
+wineglass               4 floz
+magnum                  1.5 liter  # Standardized in 1979, but given
+                                   # as 2 qt in some references
+metrictenth             375 ml
+metricfifth             750 ml
+metricquart             1 liter
+
+# French champagne bottle sizes
+
+split                   200 ml
+jeroboam                2 magnum
+rehoboam                3 magnum
+methuselah              4 magnum
+salmanazar              6 magnum
+balthazar               8 magnum
+nebuchadnezzar          10 magnum
+
+# Shoe measures
+
+shoeiron                1|48 inch    # Used to measure leather in soles
+shoeounce               1|64 inch    # Used to measure non-sole shoe leather
+
+#
+# USA slang units
+#
+
+buck                    dollar
+fin                     5 dollar
+sawbuck                 10 dollar
+key                     kg           # usually of marijuana, 60's
+lid                     1 oz         # Another 60's weed unit
+footballfield           100 yards
+
+#
+# British
+#
+
+UK                      1200000|3937014 m/ft  # The UK lengths were defined by
+british-                UK                    # a bronze bar manufactured in
+UK-                     UK                    # 1844.  Measurement of that bar
+                                              # revealed the dimensions given
+                                              # here.
+
+brnauticalmile          6080 ft               # Used until 1970 when the UK
+brknot                  brnauticalmile / hr   # switched to the international
+brcable                 1|10 brnauticalmile   # nautical mile.
+admiraltymile           brnauticalmile
+admiraltyknot           brknot
+admiraltycable          brcable
+seamile                 6000 ft
+
+# British Imperial weight is mostly the same as US weight.  A few extra
+# units are added here.
+
+clove                   7 lb
+stone                   14 lb
+brhundredweight         8 stone
+longhundredweight       brhundredweight
+longton                 20 brhundredweight
+brton                   longton
+brassayton              mg brton / troyounce
+
+# British Imperial volume measures
+
+brgallon                4.54609 l      # The British Imperial gallon was
+canadiangallon          brgallon       # defined in 1824 to be the volume of
+cangallon               brgallon       # water which weighed 10 pounds at 62
+                                       # deg F with a pressure of 30 inHg.
+                                       # In 1963 it was defined to be the space
+                                       # occupied by 10 pounds of distilled
+                                       # water of density 0.998859 g/ml weighed
+                                       # in air of density 0.001217 g/ml
+                                       # against weights of density 8.136 g/ml.
+                                       # The value given here is given by [1]
+                                       # as an exact value.
+brpeck                  2 brgallon
+brbarrel                36 brgallon    # Used for beer
+brbushel                4 brpeck
+brquarter               8 brbushel
+brchaldron              36 brbushel
+
+# Obscure British volume measures.  These units are generally traditional
+# measures whose definitions have fluctuated over the years.  Often they
+# depended on the quantity being measured.  They are given here in terms of
+# British Imperial measures.  For example, the puncheon may have historically
+# been defined relative to the wine gallon or beer gallon or ale gallon
+# rather than the British Imperial gallon.
+
+bag                     4 brbushel
+bucket                  4 brgallon
+last                    40 brbushel
+pottle                  0.5 brgallon
+pin                     4.5 brgallon
+puncheon                72 brgallon
+seam                    8 brbushel
+coomb                   4 brbushel
+boll                    6 brbushel   
+firlot                  1|4 boll
+brfirkin                9 brgallon     # Used for ale and beer
+cran                    37.5 brgallon  # measures herring, about 750 fish
+brhogshead              63 brgallon
+registerton             100 ft^3  # Used for internal capacity of ships
+shippington             40 ft^3   # Used for ship's cargo freight or timber
+brshippington           42 ft^3   #
+freightton            shippington # Both register ton and shipping ton derive
+                                  # from the "tun cask" of wine.
+displacementton         35 ft^3   # Approximate volume of a longton weight of
+                                  # sea water used to measure ship displacement
+waterton                224 brgallon
+strike                  70.5 l    # 16th century unit, sometimes
+                                  #   defined as .5, 2, or 4 bushels
+                                  #   depending on the location.  It
+                                  #   probably doesn't make a lot of
+                                  #   sense to define in terms of imperial
+                                  #   bushels.  Zupko gives a value of
+                                  #   2 Winchester grain bushels or about
+                                  #   70.5 liters.
+
+# obscure British lengths
+
+barleycorn              1|3 UKinch   # Given in Realm of Measure as the
+                                     # difference between successive shoe sizes
+nail                    1|16 UKyard  # Originally the width of the thumbnail,
+                                     #   or 1|16 ft.  This took on the general
+                                     #   meaning of 1|16 and settled on the
+                                     #   nail of a yard or 1|16 yards as its
+                                     #   final value.  [12]
+pole                    16.5 UKft
+rope                    20 UKft
+englishell              45 UKinch
+flemishell              27 UKinch
+ell                     englishell   # supposed to be measure from elbow to
+                                     #   fingertips
+span                    9 UKinch     # supposed to be distance from thumb
+                                     #   to pinky with full hand extension
+
+# misc obscure British units
+
+rood                    1|4 acre
+englishcarat            3.163 grain     # Originally intended to be 4 grain
+                                        #   but this value ended up being
+                                        #   used in the London diamond market
+mancus                  2 oz
+mast                    2.5 lb
+basebox                 31360 in^2      # Used in metal plating
+
+# alternate spellings
+
+metre                   meter
+gramme                  gram
+litre                   liter
+dioptre                 diopter
+
+#
+# Units derived the human body (may not be very accurate)
+#
+
+geometricpace           5 ft   # distance between points where the same
+                               # foot hits the ground
+pace                    2.5 ft # distance between points where alternate
+                               # feet touch the ground
+USmilitarypace          30 in  # United States official military pace
+USdoubletimepace        36 in  # United States official doubletime pace
+fingerbreadth           7|8 in # The finger is defined as either the width
+fingerlength            4.5 in #   or length of the finger
+finger                  fingerbreadth
+palmlength              8 in   #    or the length of the hand
+hand                    4 inch # width of hand
+
+#
+# Cooking measures
+#
+
+# US measures
+
+cup                     8 floz
+tablespoon              1|16 cup
+tbl                     tablespoon
+tbsp                    tablespoon
+teaspoon                1|3 tbsp
+tsp                     teaspoon
+metriccup               250 ml
+
+# US can sizes. 
+
+number1can              10 floz
+number2can              19 floz
+number2.5can            3.5 cups
+number3can              4 cups
+number5can              7 cups
+number10can             105 floz
+
+# British measures
+
+brtablespoon            15 ml             # Also 5|8 brfloz, approx 17.7 ml
+brteaspoon              1|3 brtablespoon  # Also 1|4 brtablespoon
+dessertspoon            2 brteaspoon
+brtsp                   brteaspoon
+brtbl                   brtablespoon
+dsp                     dessertspoon
+
+# Australian
+
+australiatablespoon     20 ml
+austbl                  australiatablespoon
+
+# Chinese
+
+catty                   0.5 kg         
+oldcatty                4|3 lbs        # Before metric conversion.
+tael                    1|16 oldcatty  # Should the tael be defined both ways?
+
+# Japanese
+
+japancup                200 ml         
+
+# densities of cooking ingredients from The Cake Bible by Rose Levy Beranbaum
+# so you can convert '2 cups sugar' to grams, for example, or in the other
+# direction grams could be converted to 'cup flour_scooped'.  
+
+butter                  8 oz/cup
+butter_clarified        6.8 oz/cup
+cocoa_butter            9 oz/cup
+shortening              6.75 oz/cup     # vegetable shortening
+oil                     7.5 oz/cup
+cakeflour_sifted        3.5 oz/cup      # The density of flour depends on the  
+cakeflour_spooned       4 oz/cup        # measuring method.  "Scooped",  or    
+cakeflour_scooped       4.5 oz/cup      # "dip and sweep" refers to dipping a  
+flour_sifted            4 oz/cup        # measure into a bin, and then sweeping
+flour_spooned           4.25 oz/cup     # the excess off the top.  "Spooned"   
+flour_scooped           5 oz/cup        # means to lightly spoon into a measure
+breadflour_sifted       4.25 oz/cup     # and then sweep the top.  Sifted means
+breadflour_spooned      4.5 oz/cup      # sifting the flour directly into a    
+breadflour_scooped      5.5 oz/cup      # measure and then sweeping the top.   
+cornstarch              120 grams/cup
+dutchcocoa_sifted       75 g/cup        # These are for Dutch processed cocoa
+dutchcocoa_spooned      92 g/cup
+dutchcocoa_scooped      95 g/cup
+cocoa_sifted            75 g/cup        # These are for nonalkalized cocoa
+cocoa_spooned           82 g/cup
+cocoa_scooped           95 g/cup
+heavycream              232 g/cup
+milk                    242 g/cup
+sourcream               242 g/cup
+molasses                11.25 oz/cup
+cornsyrup               11.5 oz/cup
+honey                   11.75 oz/cup
+sugar                   200 g/cup
+powdered_sugar          4 oz/cup
+brownsugar_light        217 g/cup       # packed
+brownsugar_dark         239 g/cup
+
+baking_powder           4.6 grams / tsp
+salt                    6 g / tsp
+koshersalt              2.8 g / tsp     # Diamond Crystal salt, from package
+                                        # Note that Morton kosher salt is 
+                                        # much denser.  
+
+# Egg weights and volumes for a USA large egg
+
+egg                     50 grams
+eggwhite                30 grams
+eggyolk                 18.6 grams
+eggwhitevolume          2 tablespoons
+eggyolkvolume           3.5 tsp
+
+
+#
+# Units derived from imperial system
+#
+
+ouncedal                oz ft / s^2     # force which accelerates an ounce
+                                        #    at 1 ft/s^2
+poundal                 lb ft / s^2     # same thing for a pound
+tondal                  ton ft / s^2    # and for a ton
+pdl                     poundal
+psi                     pound force / inch^2
+psia                    psi             # absolute pressure
+tsi                     ton force / inch^2
+reyn                    psi sec
+                                        #   applications where in/sec^2 was a
+                                        #   natural acceleration measure. 
+lbf                     lb force
+tonf                    ton force
+lbm                     lb
+kip                     1000 lbf     # from kilopound
+mil                     0.001 inch
+thou                    0.001 inch
+circularinch            1|4 pi in^2  # area of a one-inch diameter circle
+circularmil             1|4 pi mil^2 # area of one-mil diameter circle
+cmil                    circularmil
+cental                  100 pound
+centner                 cental
+caliber                 0.01 inch    # for measuring bullets
+duty                    ft lbf
+celo                    ft / s^2
+jerk                    ft / s^3
+australiapoint          0.01 inch    # The "point" is used to measure rainfall
+                                     #   in Australia
+sabin                   ft^2         # Measure of sound absorption equal to the
+                                     #   absorbing power of one square foot of
+                                     #   a perfectly absorbing material.  The
+                                     #   sound absorptivity of an object is the
+                                     #   area times a dimensionless
+                                     #   absorptivity coefficient.
+flag                   5 ft^2        # Construction term referring to sidewalk.
+rollwallpaper          30 ft^2       # Area of roll of wall paper
+fillpower              in^3 / ounce  # Density of down at standard pressure.
+                                     #   The best down has 750-800 fillpower. 
+pinlength              1|16 inch     # A #17 pin is 17/16 in long in the USA.
+buttonline             1|40 inch     # The line was used in 19th century USA
+                                     #   to measure width of buttons.
+scoopnumber            /quart        # Ice cream scoops are labeled with a  
+                                     #   number specifying how many scoops  
+                                     #   fill a quart.
+#
+# Other units of work, energy, power, etc
+#
+
+# Calories: energy to raise a gram of water one degree celsius
+
+cal_IT                  4.1868 J     # International Table calorie
+cal_th                  4.184 J      # Thermochemical calorie
+cal_fifteen             4.18580 J    # Energy to go from 14.5 to 15.5 degC
+cal_twenty              4.18190 J    # Energy to go from 19.5 to 20.5 degC
+cal_mean                4.19002 J    # 1|100 energy to go from 0 to 100 degC
+calorie                 cal_IT
+cal                     calorie
+calorie_IT              cal_IT
+thermcalorie            cal_th
+calorie_th              thermcalorie
+Calorie                 kilocalorie  # the food Calorie
+thermie              1e6 cal_fifteen # Heat required to raise the
+                                     # temperature of a tonne of
+                                     # water from 14.5 to 15.5 degC.
+
+# btu definitions: energy to raise a pound of water 1 degF
+
+btu                     cal lb degF / gram K # international table BTU
+britishthermalunit      btu
+btu_IT                  btu
+btu_th                  cal_th lb degF / gram K
+btu_mean                cal_mean lb degF / gram K
+quad                    quadrillion btu
+
+ECtherm                 1.05506e8 J    # Exact definition, close to 1e5 btu
+UStherm                 1.054804e8 J   # Exact definition
+therm                   UStherm
+
+# The horsepower is supposedly the power of one horse pulling.   Obviously
+# different people had different horses.
+
+horsepower              550 foot pound force / sec   # Invented by James Watt
+hp                      horsepower
+metrichorsepower        75 kilogram force meter / sec
+electrichorsepower      746 W
+boilerhorsepower        9809.50 W
+waterhorsepower         746.043 W
+brhorsepower            745.70 W
+donkeypower             250 W
+
+# Thermal insulance: Thermal conductivity has dimension power per area per
+# (degree per inch thickness) which comes out to W / K m.  If the thickness is
+# fixed, then the conductance will have units of W / K m^2.  Thermal insulance
+# is the reciprocal.
+
+Rvalue                  degF ft^2 hr / btu
+Uvalue                  1/Rvalue
+europeanUvalue          watt / m^2 K
+RSI                     degC m^2 / W
+clo                     0.155 degC m^2 / W # Supposed to be the insulance 
+                                           # required to keep a resting person
+                                           # comfortable indoors.  The value
+                                           # given is from NIST and the CRC,
+                                           # but [5] gives a slightly different
+                                           # value of 0.875 ft^2 degF hr / btu.
+# Misc other measures
+
+clausius                1e3 cal/K       # A unit of physical entropy
+langley                 thermcalorie/cm^2
+poncelet                100 kg force m / s
+tonrefrigeration        ton 144 btu / lb day # One ton refrigeration is
+                                        # the rate of heat extraction required
+                                        # turn one ton of water to ice in
+                                        # a day.  Ice is defined to have a
+                                        # latent heat of 144 btu/lb.
+tonref                  tonrefrigeration
+refrigeration           tonref / ton
+frigorie                1000 cal_fifteen  # Used in refrigeration engineering.
+tnt                     4.184e9 J/ton   # So you can write tons-tnt, this
+                                        # is a defined, not measured, value
+
+#
+# Counting measures
+#
+
+pair                    2
+nest                    3
+dickers                 10
+dozen                   12
+bakersdozen             13
+score                   20
+flock                   40
+timer                   40
+shock                   60
+gross                   144
+greatgross              12 gross
+
+# Paper counting measure
+
+shortquire              24
+quire                   25
+shortream               480
+ream                    500     
+perfectream             516
+bundle                  2 reams
+bale                    5 bundles
+
+#
+# Paper measures
+#
+
+## USA paper sizes 
+#
+#lettersize              8.5 inch 11 inch
+#legalsize               8.5 inch 14 inch
+#ledgersize              11 inch 17 inch
+#executivesize           7.25 inch 10.5 inch
+#Apaper                  8.5 inch 11 inch
+#Bpaper                  11 inch 17 inch
+#Cpaper                  17 inch 22 inch
+#Dpaper                  22 inch 34 inch
+#Epaper                  34 inch 44 inch
+#
+## The metric paper sizes are defined so that if a sheet is cut in half
+## along the short direction, the result is two sheets which are
+## similar to the original sheet.  This means that for any metric size,
+## the long side is close to sqrt(2) times the length of the short
+## side.  Each series of sizes is generated by repeated cuts in half, 
+## with the values rounded down to the nearest millimeter.  
+#
+#A0paper                 841 mm 1189 mm   # The basic size in the A series
+#A1paper                 594 mm  841 mm   # is defined to have an area of 
+#A2paper                 420 mm  594 mm   # one square meter.
+#A3paper                 297 mm  420 mm
+#A4paper                 210 mm  297 mm
+#A5paper                 148 mm  210 mm
+#A6paper                 105 mm  148 mm
+#A7paper                  74 mm  105 mm
+#A8paper                  52 mm   74 mm
+#A9paper                  37 mm   52 mm
+#A10paper                 26 mm   37 mm
+#
+#B0paper                1000 mm 1414 mm   # The basic B size has an area
+#B1paper                 707 mm 1000 mm   # of sqrt(2) square meters.  
+#B2paper                 500 mm  707 mm
+#B3paper                 353 mm  500 mm
+#B4paper                 250 mm  353 mm
+#B5paper                 176 mm  250 mm
+#B6paper                 125 mm  176 mm
+#B7paper                  88 mm  125 mm
+#B8paper                  62 mm   88 mm
+#B9paper                  44 mm   62 mm
+#B10paper                 31 mm   44 mm
+#
+#C0paper                 917 mm 1297 mm   # The basic C size has an area
+#C1paper                 648 mm  917 mm   # of sqrt(sqrt(2)) square meters.
+#C2paper                 458 mm  648 mm
+#C3paper                 324 mm  458 mm   # Intended for envelope sizes
+#C4paper                 229 mm  324 mm
+#C5paper                 162 mm  229 mm
+#C6paper                 114 mm  162 mm
+#C7paper                  81 mm  114 mm
+#C8paper                  57 mm   81 mm
+#C9paper                  40 mm   57 mm
+#C10paper                 28 mm   40 mm
+
+# gsm (Grams per Square Meter), a sane, metric paper weight measure
+
+gsm                     grams / meter^2
+
+# In the USA, a collection of crazy historical paper measures are used.  Paper
+# is measured as a weight of a ream of that particular type of paper.  This is
+# sometimes called the "substance" or "basis" (as in "substance 20" paper).
+# The standard sheet size or "basis size" varies depending on the type of
+# paper.  As a result, 20 pound bond paper and 50 pound text paper are actually
+# about the same weight.  The different sheet sizes were historically the most
+# convenient for printing or folding in the different applications.  These
+# different basis weights are standards maintained by American Society for
+# Testing Materials (ASTM) and the American Forest and Paper Association
+# (AF&PA).
+
+# poundbookpaper          lb / 25 inch 38 inch ream
+# lbbook                  poundbookpaper
+# poundtextpaper          poundbookpaper
+# lbtext                  poundtextpaper
+# poundoffsetpaper        poundbookpaper    # For offset printing
+# lboffset                poundoffsetpaper
+# poundbiblepaper         poundbookpaper    # Designed to be lightweight, thin,
+# lbbible                 poundbiblepaper   # strong and opaque.
+# poundtagpaper           lb / 24 inch 36 inch ream 
+# lbtag                   poundtagpaper
+# poundbagpaper           poundtagpaper
+# lbbag                   poundbagpaper
+# poundnewsprintpaper     poundtagpaper
+# lbnewsprint             poundnewsprintpaper
+# poundposterpaper        poundtagpaper
+# lbposter                poundposterpaper
+# poundtissuepaper        poundtagpaper
+# lbtissue                poundtissuepaper
+# poundwrappingpaper      poundtagpaper
+# lbwrapping              poundwrappingpaper
+# poundwaxingpaper        poundtagpaper
+# lbwaxing                poundwaxingpaper
+# poundglassinepaper      poundtagpaper
+# lbglassine              poundglassinepaper
+# poundcoverpaper         lb / 20 inch 26 inch ream
+# lbcover                 poundcoverpaper
+# poundindexpaper         lb / 25.5 inch 30.5 inch ream
+# lbindex                 poundindexpaper
+# poundindexbristolpaper  poundindexpaper
+# lbindexbristol          poundindexpaper
+# poundbondpaper          lb / 17 inch 22 inch ream  # Bond paper is stiff and
+# lbbond                  poundbondpaper             # durable for repeated
+# poundwritingpaper       poundbondpaper             # filing, and it resists
+# lbwriting               poundwritingpaper          # ink penetration.  
+# poundledgerpaper        poundbondpaper
+# lbledger                poundledgerpaper
+# poundcopypaper          poundbondpaper
+# lbcopy                  poundcopypaper
+# poundblottingpaper      lb / 19 inch 24 inch ream
+# lbblotting              poundblottingpaper
+# poundblankspaper        lb / 22 inch 28 inch ream
+# lbblanks                poundblankspaper
+# poundpostcardpaper      lb / 22.5 inch 28.5 inch ream
+# lbpostcard              poundpostcardpaper
+# poundweddingbristol     poundpostcardpaper
+# lbweddingbristol        poundweddingbristol
+# poundbristolpaper       poundweddingbristol
+# lbbristol               poundbristolpaper
+# poundboxboard           lb / 1000 ft^2
+# lbboxboard              poundboxboard
+# poundpaperboard         poundboxboard
+# lbpaperboard            poundpaperboard
+
+# When paper is marked in units of M, it means the weight of 1000 sheets of the
+# given size of paper.  To convert this to paper weight, divide by the size of
+# the paper in question.
+
+paperM                  lb / 1000       
+
+#
+# Printing
+#
+
+fournierpoint           0.1648 inch / 12  # First definition of the printers
+                                          # point made by Pierre Fournier who
+                                          # defined it in 1737 as 1|12 of a
+                                          # cicero which was 0.1648 inches.
+                                          # a family of printers, changed
+                                          # Fournier's definition around 1770 
+                                          # to fit to the French units then in
+                                          # use.  
+bertholdpoint           1|2660 m          # H. Berthold tried to create a 
+                                          # metric version of the didot point
+                                          # in 1878.  
+INpoint                 0.4 mm            # This point was created by a 
+                                          # group directed by Fermin Didot in
+                                          # 1881 and is associated with the 
+                                          # imprimerie nationale.  It doesn't
+                                          # seem to have been used much.
+germandidotpoint        0.376065 mm       # Exact definition appears in DIN
+                                          # 16507, a German standards document
+                                          # of 1954.  Adopted more broadly  in
+                                          # 1966 by ???
+metricpoint             3|8 mm            # Proposed in 1977 by Eurograf
+point                   1|72.27 inch      # The American point was invented
+printerspoint           point             # by Nelson Hawks in 1879 and 
+                                          # dominates USA publishing.
+                                          # It was standardized by the American
+                                          # Typefounders Association at the
+                                          # value of 0.013837 inches exactly.
+                                          # Knuth uses the approximation given
+                                          # here (which is very close).  The
+                                          # comp.fonts FAQ claims that this
+                                          # value is supposed to be 1|12 of a
+                                          # pica where 83 picas is equal to 35
+                                          # cm.  But this value differs from
+                                          # the standard.  
+texscaledpoint          1|65536 point     # The TeX typesetting system uses
+texsp                   texscaledpoint    # this for all computations.
+computerpoint           1|72 inch         # The American point was rounded 
+computerpica            12 computerpoint  # to an even 1|72 inch by computer
+postscriptpoint         computerpoint     # people at some point. 
+pspoint                 postscriptpoint
+Q                       1|4 mm            # Used in Japanese phototypesetting
+                                          # Q is for quarter
+didotpoint              germandidotpoint  # This seems to be the dominant value
+europeanpoint           didotpoint        # for the point used in Europe
+cicero                  12 didotpoint
+
+stick                   2 inches
+
+# Type sizes
+
+excelsior               3 point
+brilliant               3.5 point
+diamond                 4 point
+pearl                   5 point
+agate                   5.5 point
+ruby                    agate      # British
+nonpareil               6 point
+mignonette              6.5 point
+emerald                 mignonette # British
+minion                  7 point
+brevier                 8 point
+bourgeois               9 point
+longprimer              10 point
+smallpica               11 point
+pica                    12 point
+english                 14 point
+columbian               16 point
+greatprimer             18 point
+paragon                 20 point
+meridian                44 point
+canon                   48 point
+
+# German type sizes
+
+nonplusultra            2 didotpoint
+brillant                3 didotpoint
+diamant                 4 didotpoint
+perl                    5 didotpoint
+nonpareille             6 didotpoint
+kolonel                 7 didotpoint
+petit                   8 didotpoint
+borgis                  9 didotpoint
+korpus                  10 didotpoint
+corpus                  korpus
+garamond                korpus
+mittel                  14 didotpoint
+tertia                  16 didotpoint
+text                    18 didotpoint
+kleine_kanon            32 didotpoint
+kanon                   36 didotpoint
+grobe_kanon             42 didotpoint
+missal                  48 didotpoint
+kleine_sabon            72 didotpoint
+grobe_sabon             84 didotpoint
+
+#
+# Information theory units
+#
+
+nat                     0.69314718056 bits   # Entropy measured base e
+hartley                 3.32192809488 bits   # log2(10) bits, or the entropy
+                                             #   of a uniformly distributed
+                                             #   random variable over 10
+                                             #   symbols.
+#
+# Computer
+#
+
+bps                     bit/sec              # Sometimes the term "baud" is
+                                             #   incorrectly used to refer to
+                                             #   bits per second.  Baud refers
+                                             #   to symbols per second.  Modern
+                                             #   modems transmit several bits
+                                             #   per symbol.
+byte                    8 bit                # Not all machines had 8 bit
+                                             #   bytes, but these days most of
+                                             #   them do.  But beware: for
+                                             #   transmission over modems, a
+                                             #   few extra bits are used so
+                                             #   there are actually 10 bits per
+                                             #   byte.
+nybble                  4 bits               # Half of a byte. Sometimes 
+                                             #   equal to different lengths
+                                             #   such as 3 bits.  
+nibble                  nybble               
+kbyte                   1024 byte            # These definitions violate
+megabyte                1024 kbyte           # the rules on use of the SI
+gigabyte                1024 megabyte        # prefixes.  Maybe they should
+meg                     megabyte             # not be defined this way?
+gig                     gigabyte
+terabyte                1024 gigabyte
+petabyte                1024 terabyte
+
+jiffy                   0.01 sec     # This is defined in the Jargon File
+jiffies                 jiffy        # (http://www.jargon.org) as being the
+                                     # duration of a clock tick for measuring
+                                     # wall-clock time.  Supposedly the value
+                                     # used to be 1|60 sec or 1|50 sec
+                                     # depending on the frequency of AC power,
+                                     # but then 1|100 sec became more common.
+                                     # On linux systems, this term is used and
+                                     # for the Intel based chips, it does have
+                                     # the value of .01 sec.  The Jargon File
+                                     # also lists two other definitions:
+                                     # millisecond, and the time taken for
+                                     # light to travel one foot.
+#
+# yarn and cloth measures
+#
+
+# yarn linear density
+
+woolyarnrun             1600 yard/pound # 1600 yds of "number 1 yarn" weighs
+                                        # a pound.  
+yarncut                 300 yard/pound  # Less common system used in
+                                        # Pennsylvania for wool yarn
+cottonyarncount         840 yard/pound
+linenyarncount          300 yard/pound  # Also used for hemp and ramie
+worstedyarncount        1680 ft/pound
+metricyarncount         meter/gram
+manchesteryarnnumber    drams/1000 yards   # old system used for silk
+pli                     lb/in
+typp                    1000 yd/lb
+asbestoscut             100 yd/lb    # used for glass and asbestos yarn
+
+tex                     gram / km    # rational metric yarn measure, meant
+drex                    0.1 tex      # to be used for any kind of yarn
+
+
+# yarn and cloth length
+
+skeincotton             80*54 inch   # 80 turns of thread on a reel with a
+                                     #  54 in circumference (varies for other
+                                     #  kinds of thread)
+cottonbolt              120 ft       # cloth measurement
+woolbolt                210 ft
+bolt                    cottonbolt
+heer                    600 yards
+cut                     300 yards    # used for wet-spun linen yarn
+lea                     300 yards
+
+#
+# drug dosage
+#
+
+mcg                     microgram        # Frequently used for vitamins
+iudiptheria             62.8 microgram   # IU is for international unit
+iupenicillin            0.6 microgram
+iuinsulin               41.67 microgram
+drop                    1|20 ml          # The drop was an old "unit" that was
+                                         # replaced by the minim.  But I was
+                                         # told by a pharmacist that in his
+                                         # profession, the conversion of 20
+                                         # drops per ml is actually used. 
+#
+# fixup units for times when prefix handling doesn't do the job
+#
+
+hectare                 hectoare
+megohm                  megaohm
+kilohm                  kiloohm
+microhm                 microohm
+
+#
+# Exchange rates from the New York Times, 27 July 1999
+# 
+# Some European currencies have permanent fixed exchange rates with
+# the Euro.  These rates were taken from the EC's web site:
+# http://europa.eu.int/eurobirth/rates.html
+#
+
+cent                    0.01 $
+argentinapeso           1.0010 $   # Financial rate
+australiadollar         0.6483 $
+brazilreal              0.5488 $
+britainpound            1.5906 $
+canadadollar            0.6625 $
+chilepeso               0.001932 $  # Official rate
+chinayuan               0.1208 $
+colombiapeso            0.000545 $
+czechkoruna             0.0287 $
+denmarkkrone            0.1439 $
+euro                    1.061 $    # 27 July 1999 rate from Yahoo
+ecuadorsucre            0.000086 $
+egyptpound              0.2930 $
+finlandmarkka           1|5.94573 euro
+francefranc             1|6.55957 euro
+germanymark             1|1.95583 euro
+greatbritainpound       britainpound
+greecedrachma           0.003282 $
+hongkongdollar          0.1288  $
+hungaryforint           0.0042 $
+indiarupee              0.0231 $    # official rate
+indonesiarupiah         0.000143 $
+irelandpunt             1|0.787564 euro
+israelshekel            0.2439 $
+italylira               1|1936.27 euro
+japanyen                0.008576 $
+jordandinar             1.4104 $
+lebanonpound            0.000663 $
+malaysiaringgit         0.2632 $
+mexicopeso              0.106373 $
+netherlandsguilder      1|2.20371 euro
+newzealanddollar        0.5275 $
+norwaykrone             0.1283 $
+pakistanrupee           0.0195 $
+perunewsol              0.3008 $
+philippinespeso         0.0261 $
+polandzloty             0.2604 $
+portugalescudo          1|200.482 euro
+russiaruble             0.0413 $  # Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange
+saudiarabiariyal        0.2666 $
+singaporedollar         0.5936 $
+slovakiakoruna          0.0235 $
+southafricarand         0.1630 $
+southkoreawon           0.000828 $
+spainpeseta             1|166.386 euro
+swedenkrona             0.1210 $
+switzerlandfranc        0.6644 $
+taiwandollar            0.0310 $
+thailandbaht            0.02675 $
+turkeylira              0.000002 $
+unitedarabdirham        0.2723 $
+unitedkingdompound      britainpound
+unitedstatesdollar      $
+uruguaynewpeso          0.0870 $
+venezuelabolivar        0.0016 $
+
+mark                    germanymark
+bolivar                 venezuelabolivar
+peseta                  spainpeseta
+rand                    southafricarand
+escudo                  portugalescudo
+sol                     perunewsol
+guilder                 netherlandsguilder
+hollandguilder          netherlandsguilder
+peso                    mexicopeso
+yen                     japanyen
+lira                    italylira
+rupee                   indiarupee
+drachma                 greecedrachma
+franc                   francefranc
+markka                  finlandmarkka
+sucre                   ecuadorsucre
+poundsterling           britainpound
+
+# ISO currency codes
+
+AED                     unitedarabdirham
+AUD                     australiadollar
+BRR                     brazilreal
+CAD                     canadadollar
+CHF                     switzerlandfranc
+CLP                     chilepeso
+COP                     colombiapeso
+CZK                     czechkoruna
+DEM                     germanymark
+DKK                     denmarkkrone
+ECS                     ecuadorsucre
+EGP                     egyptpound
+ESP                     spainpeseta
+EUR                     euro
+FIM                     finlandmarkka
+FRF                     francefranc
+GBP                     britainpound
+GRD                     greecedrachma
+HKD                     hongkongdollar
+HUF                     hungaryforint
+IDR                     indonesiarupiah
+IEP                     irelandpunt
+ILS                     israelshekel
+IND                     indiarupee
+ITL                     italylira
+JOD                     jordandinar
+JPY                     japanyen
+KRW                     southkoreawon
+LBP                     lebanonpound
+MYR                     malaysiaringgit
+MXP                     mexicopeso
+NLG                     netherlandsguilder
+NOK                     norwaykrone
+NZD                     newzealanddollar
+PEN                     perunewsol
+PHP                     philippinespeso
+PLZ                     polandzloty
+PTE                     portugalescudo
+RUR                     russiaruble
+SAR                     saudiarabiariyal
+SEK                     swedenkrona
+SGD                     singaporedollar
+SKK                     slovakiakoruna
+THB                     thailandbaht
+TRL                     turkeylira
+TWD                     taiwandollar
+USD                     $
+VEB                     venezuelabolivar
+XEU                     euro
+ZAR                     southafricarand
+
+UKP                     GBP        # Not an ISO code, but looks like one, and
+                                   # sometimes used on usenet.
+
+# Precious metals (27 Nov 1996 NY Times)
+
+goldprice               379 $ / troyounce
+silverprice             4.70 $ / troyounce
+
+# Money on the gold standard, used in the late 19th century and early
+# 20th century.
+
+olddollargold           23.22 grains goldprice  # Used until 1934
+newdollargold           96|7 grains goldprice   # After Jan 31, 1934
+dollargold              newdollargold
+poundgold               113 grains goldprice
+
+# British currency
+
+shilling                1|20 britainpound   # Before decimalisation, there
+oldpence                1|12 shilling       # were 20 shillings to a pound,
+                                            # each of twelve old pence
+quid                    britainpound        # Slang names
+fiver                   5 quid
+tenner                  10 quid
+
+#
+# Units used for measuring volume of wood
+#
+
+cord                    4*4*8 ft^3   # 4 ft by 4 ft by 8 ft bundle of wood
+facecord                1|2 cord
+cordfoot                1|8 cord     # One foot long section of a cord
+cordfeet                cordfoot
+housecord               1|3 cord     # Used to sell firewood for residences, 
+                                     #   often confusingly called a "cord"
+boardfoot               ft^2 inch    # Usually 1 inch thick wood
+boardfeet               boardfoot
+fbm                     boardfoot    # feet board measure
+stere                   m^3
+timberfoot              ft^3         # Used for measuring solid blocks of wood
+#standard                120 12 ft 11 in 1.5 in  # This is the St Petersburg or
+                                     #   Pittsburg standard.  Apparently the
+                                     #   term is short for "standard hundred"
+                                     #   which was meant to refer to 100 pieces
+                                     #   of wood (deals).  However, this
+                                     #   particular standard is equal to 120
+                                     #   deals which are 12 ft by 11 in by 1.5
+                                     #   inches (not the standard deal). 
+
+# In Britain, the deal is apparently any piece of wood over 6 feet long, over
+# 7 wide and 2.5 inches thick.  The OED doesn't give a standard size.  A piece
+# of wood less than 7 inches wide is called a "batten".  This unit is now used
+# exclusively for fir and pine.
+
+#deal              12 ft 11 in 2.5 in # The standard North American deal [OED]
+#wholedeal        12 ft 11 in 1.25 in # If it's half as thick as the standard
+                                     #   deal it's called a "whole deal"!
+#splitdeal         12 ft 11 in 5|8 in # And half again as thick is a split deal.
+
+
+#
+# Gas and Liquid flow units
+#
+
+# Some obvious volumetric gas flow units (cu is short for cubic)
+
+cumec                   m^3/s
+cusec                   ft^3/s
+
+# Conventional abbreviations for fluid flow units
+
+gph                     gal/hr
+gpm                     gal/min
+mgd                     megagal/day
+cfs                     ft^3/s
+cfh                     ft^3/hour
+cfm                     ft^3/min
+lpm                     liter/min
+
+# Miner's inch:  This is an old historic unit used in the Western  United
+# States.  It is generally defined as the rate of flow through a one square
+# inch hole at a specified depth such as 4 inches.  In the late 19th century,
+# volume of water was sometimes measured in the "24 hour inch".  Values for the
+# miner's inch were fixed by state statues.  (This information is from a web
+# site operated by the Nevada Division of Water Planning:  The Water Words
+# Dictionary at http://www.state.nv.us/cnr/ndwp/dict-1/waterwds.htm.)
+
+minersinchAZ            1.5 ft^3/min
+minersinchCA            1.5 ft^3/min 
+minersinchMT            1.5 ft^3/min
+minersinchNV            1.5 ft^3/min
+minersinchOR            1.5 ft^3/min
+minersinchID            1.2 ft^3/min
+minersinchKS            1.2 ft^3/min
+minersinchNE            1.2 ft^3/min
+minersinchNM            1.2 ft^3/min
+minersinchND            1.2 ft^3/min
+minersinchSD            1.2 ft^3/min
+minersinchUT            1.2 ft^3/min
+minersinchCO            1.56 ft^3/min
+minersinchBC            1.68 ft^3/min   # British Columbia
+
+# In vacuum science and some other applications, gas flow is measured
+# as the product of volumetric flow and pressure.  This is useful
+# because it makes it easy to compare with the flow at standard
+# pressure (one atmosphere).  It also directly relates to the number
+# of gas molecules per unit time, and hence to the mass flow if the
+# molecular mass is known.
+
+sccm                    atm cc/min     # 's' is for "standard" to indicate
+sccs                    atm cc/sec     # flow at standard pressure
+scfh                    atm ft^3/hour  #
+scfm                    atm ft^3/min
+slpm                    atm liter/min
+slph                    atm liter/hour
+lusec                   liter micron Hg / s  # Used in vacuum science
+
+# Wire gauge: this area is a nightmare with huge charts of wire gauge diameters
+# that usually have no clear origin.  There are at least 5 competing wire gauge
+# systems to add to the confusion.
+
+
+# The use of wire gauge is related to the manufacturing method: a metal rod is
+# heated and drawn through a hole.  The size change can't be too big.  To get
+# smaller wires, the process is repeated with a series of smaller holes.  
+
+# American Wire Gauge (AWG) or Brown & Sharpe Gauge appears to be the most
+# important gauge. ASTM B-258 specifies that this gauge is based on geometric
+# interpolation between gauge 0000, which is 0.46 inches exactly, and gauge 36
+# which is 0.005 inches exactly.  Therefore, the diameter in inches of a wire
+# is given by the formula 1|200 92^((36-g)/39).  Note that 92^(1/39) is close
+# to 2^(1/6), so diameter is approximately halved for every 6 gauges.  For the
+# repeated zero values, use negative numbers in the formula.  The same document
+# also specifies rounding rules which seem to be ignored by makers of tables.
+# Gauges up to 44 are to be specified with up to 4 significant figures, but no
+# closer than 0.0001 inch.  Gauges from 44 to 56 are to be rounded to the
+# nearest 0.00001 inch.  The table below gives 4 significant figures for all
+# gauges.
+#
+# In addition to being used to measure wire thickness, this gauge is used to
+# measure the thickness of sheets of aluminum, copper, and most metals other
+# than steel, iron and zinc.
+
+wire0000gauge           0.4600 in
+wire000gauge            0.4096 in
+wire00gauge             0.3648 in
+wire0gauge              0.3249 in
+wire1gauge              0.2893 in
+wire2gauge              0.2576 in
+wire3gauge              0.2294 in
+wire4gauge              0.2043 in
+wire5gauge              0.1819 in
+wire6gauge              0.1620 in
+wire7gauge              0.1443 in
+wire8gauge              0.1285 in
+wire9gauge              0.1144 in
+wire10gauge             0.1019 in
+wire11gauge             0.09074 in
+wire12gauge             0.08081 in
+wire13gauge             0.07196 in
+wire14gauge             0.06408 in
+wire15gauge             0.05707 in
+wire16gauge             0.05082 in
+wire17gauge             0.04526 in
+wire18gauge             0.04030 in
+wire19gauge             0.03589 in
+wire20gauge             0.03196 in
+wire21gauge             0.02846 in
+wire22gauge             0.02535 in
+wire23gauge             0.02257 in
+wire24gauge             0.02010 in
+wire25gauge             0.01790 in
+wire26gauge             0.01594 in
+wire27gauge             0.01420 in
+wire28gauge             0.01264 in
+wire29gauge             0.01126 in
+wire30gauge             0.01003 in
+wire31gauge             0.008928 in
+wire32gauge             0.007950 in
+wire33gauge             0.007080 in
+wire34gauge             0.006305 in
+wire35gauge             0.005615 in
+wire36gauge             0.005000 in
+wire37gauge             0.004453 in
+wire38gauge             0.003965 in
+wire39gauge             0.003531 in
+wire40gauge             0.003145 in
+wire41gauge             0.002800 in
+wire42gauge             0.002494 in
+wire43gauge             0.002221 in
+wire44gauge             0.001978 in
+wire45gauge             0.001761 in
+wire46gauge             0.001568 in
+wire47gauge             0.001397 in
+wire48gauge             0.001244 in
+wire49gauge             0.001108 in
+wire50gauge             0.0009863 in
+wire51gauge             0.0008783 in
+wire52gauge             0.0007822 in
+wire53gauge             0.0006966 in
+wire54gauge             0.0006203 in
+wire55gauge             0.0005524 in
+wire56gauge             0.0004919 in
+
+# Next we have the SWG, the Imperial or British Standard Wire Gauge.  This one
+# is piecewise linear, so it is not generated by a simple formula.  It was used
+# for aluminum sheets.
+
+brwire0000000gauge      0.500 in
+brwire000000gauge       0.464 in
+brwire00000gauge        0.432 in
+brwire0000gauge         0.400 in
+brwire000gauge          0.372 in
+brwire00gauge           0.348 in 
+brwire0gauge            0.324 in
+brwire1gauge            0.300 in
+brwire2gauge            0.276 in
+brwire3gauge            0.252 in
+brwire4gauge            0.232 in
+brwire5gauge            0.212 in
+brwire6gauge            0.192 in
+brwire7gauge            0.176 in
+brwire8gauge            0.160 in
+brwire9gauge            0.144 in
+brwire10gauge           0.128 in
+brwire11gauge           0.116 in
+brwire12gauge           0.104 in
+brwire13gauge           0.092 in
+brwire14gauge           0.080 in
+brwire15gauge           0.072 in
+brwire16gauge           0.064 in
+brwire17gauge           0.056 in
+brwire18gauge           0.048 in
+brwire19gauge           0.040 in
+brwire20gauge           0.036 in
+brwire21gauge           0.032 in
+brwire22gauge           0.028 in
+brwire23gauge           0.024 in
+brwire24gauge           0.022 in
+brwire25gauge           0.0200 in
+brwire26gauge           0.0180 in
+brwire27gauge           0.0164 in
+brwire28gauge           0.0149 in
+brwire29gauge           0.0136 in
+brwire30gauge           0.0124 in
+brwire31gauge           0.0116 in
+brwire32gauge           0.0108 in
+brwire33gauge           0.0100 in
+brwire34gauge           0.0092 in
+brwire35gauge           0.0084 in
+brwire36gauge           0.0076 in
+brwire37gauge           0.0068 in
+brwire38gauge           0.0060 in
+brwire39gauge           0.0052 in
+brwire40gauge           0.0048 in
+brwire41gauge           0.0044 in
+brwire42gauge           0.0040 in
+brwire43gauge           0.0036 in
+brwire44gauge           0.0032 in
+brwire45gauge           0.0028 in
+brwire46gauge           0.0024 in
+brwire47gauge           0.0020 in
+brwire48gauge           0.0016 in
+brwire49gauge           0.0012 in
+brwire50gauge           0.0010 in
+
+# The following is from the Appendix to ASTM B 258
+# 
+# For example, in U.S. gage, the standard for sheet metal is based on the
+# weight of the metal, not on the thickness. 16-gage is listed as approximately
+# .0625 inch thick and 40 ounces per square foot (the original standard was
+# based on wrought iron at .2778 pounds per cubic inch; steel has almost
+# entirely superseded wrought iron for sheet use, at .2833 pounds per cubic
+# inch). Smaller numbers refer to greater thickness. There is no formula for
+# converting gage to thickness or weight.
+# 
+# It's rather unclear from the passage above whether the plate gauge values are
+# therefore wrong if steel is being used.  Reference [15] states that steel is
+# in fact measured using this gauge (under the name Manufacturers' Standard
+# Gauge) with a density of 501.84 lb/ft3 = 0.2904 lb/in3 used for steel.
+# But this doesn't seem to be the correct density of steel (.2833 lb/in3 is
+# closer), and nobody else lists these values.  
+#
+# This gauge was established in 1893 for purposes of taxation.
+
+plate000000gauge        15|32 in    # 300 oz / ft^2
+plate00000gauge         14|32 in    # 280 oz / ft^2
+plate0000gauge          13|32 in    # 260 oz / ft^2
+plate000gauge           12|32 in    # 240 oz / ft^2
+plate00gauge            11|32 in    # 220 oz / ft^2
+plate0gauge             10|32 in    # 200 oz / ft^2
+plate1gauge              9|32 in    # 180 oz / ft^2 
+plate2gauge             17|64 in    # 170 oz / ft^2
+plate3gauge             16|64 in    # 160 oz / ft^2
+plate4gauge             15|64 in    # 150 oz / ft^2
+plate5gauge             14|64 in    # 140 oz / ft^2
+plate6gauge             13|64 in    # 130 oz / ft^2
+plate7gauge             12|64 in    # 120 oz / ft^2
+plate8gauge             11|64 in    # 110 oz / ft^2
+plate9gauge             10|64 in    # 100 oz / ft^2
+plate10gauge             9|64 in    #  90 oz / ft^2
+plate11gauge             8|64 in    #  80 oz / ft^2
+plate12gauge             7|64 in    #  70 oz / ft^2
+plate13gauge             6|64 in    #  60 oz / ft^2
+plate14gauge             5|64 in    #  50 oz / ft^2
+plate15gauge             9|128 in   #  45 oz / ft^2
+plate16gauge             8|128 in   #  40 oz / ft^2
+plate17gauge             9|160 in   #  36 oz / ft^2
+plate18gauge             8|160 in   #  32 oz / ft^2
+plate19gauge             7|160 in   #  28 oz / ft^2
+plate20gauge             6|160 in   #  24 oz / ft^2
+plate21gauge            11|320 in   #  22 oz / ft^2
+plate22gauge            10|320 in   #  20 oz / ft^2
+plate23gauge             9|320 in   #  18 oz / ft^2
+plate24gauge             8|320 in   #  16 oz / ft^2
+plate25gauge             7|320 in   #  14 oz / ft^2
+plate26gauge             6|320 in   #  12 oz / ft^2
+plate27gauge            11|640 in   #  11 oz / ft^2
+plate28gauge            10|640 in   #  10 oz / ft^2
+plate29gauge             9|640 in   #   9 oz / ft^2
+plate30gauge             8|640 in   #   8 oz / ft^2
+plate31gauge             7|640 in   #   7 oz / ft^2
+plate32gauge            13|1280 in  #   6.5 oz / ft^2
+plate33gauge            12|1280 in  #   6 oz / ft^2
+plate34gauge            11|1280 in  #   5.5 oz / ft^2
+plate35gauge            10|1280 in  #   5 oz / ft^2
+plate36gauge             9|1280 in  #   4.5 oz / ft^2
+plate37gauge            17|2560 in  #   4.25 oz / ft^2
+plate38gauge            16|2560 in  #   4 oz / ft^2
+
+# Zinc sheet metal gauge
+
+zinc1gauge              0.002 in
+zinc2gauge              0.004 in
+zinc3gauge              0.006 in
+zinc4gauge              0.008 in
+zinc5gauge              0.010 in
+zinc6gauge              0.012 in
+zinc7gauge              0.014 in
+zinc8gauge              0.016 in
+zinc9gauge              0.018 in
+zinc10gauge             0.020 in
+zinc11gauge             0.024 in
+zinc12gauge             0.028 in
+zinc13gauge             0.032 in
+zinc14gauge             0.036 in
+zinc15gauge             0.040 in
+zinc16gauge             0.045 in
+zinc17gauge             0.050 in
+zinc18gauge             0.055 in
+zinc19gauge             0.060 in
+zinc20gauge             0.070 in
+zinc21gauge             0.080 in
+zinc22gauge             0.090 in
+zinc23gauge             0.100 in
+zinc24gauge             0.125 in
+zinc25gauge             0.250 in
+zinc26gauge             0.375 in
+zinc27gauge             0.500 in
+zinc28gauge             1.000 in
+
+# USA ring sizes.  Several slightly different definitions seem to be in
+# circulation.  According to [15], the interior diameter of size n ring in
+# inches is 0.32 n + 0.458 for n ranging from 3 to 13.5 by steps of 0.5.  The
+# size 2 ring is inconsistently 0.538in and no 2.5 size is listed.  
+#
+# However, other sources list 0.455 + 0.0326 n and 0.4525 + 0.0324 n as the
+# diameter and list no special case for size 2.  (Or alternatively they are
+# 1.43 + .102 n and 1.4216+.1018 n for measuring circumference in inches.)  One
+# reference claimed that the original system was that each size was 1|10 inch
+# circumference, but that source doesn't have an explanation for the modern
+# system which is somewhat different.
+#
+# This table gives circumferences as listed in [15].  
+
+size2ring               0.538 in pi
+size3ring               0.554 in pi
+size3.5ring             0.570 in pi
+size4ring               0.586 in pi
+size4.5ring             0.602 in pi
+size5ring               0.618 in pi
+size5.5ring             0.634 in pi
+size6ring               0.650 in pi
+size6.5ring             0.666 in pi
+size7ring               0.682 in pi
+size7.5ring             0.698 in pi
+size8ring               0.714 in pi
+size8.5ring             0.730 in pi
+size9ring               0.746 in pi
+size9.5ring             0.762 in pi
+size10ring              0.778 in pi
+size10.5ring            0.794 in pi
+size11ring              0.810 in pi
+size11.5ring            0.826 in pi
+size12ring              0.842 in pi
+size12.5ring            0.858 in pi
+size13ring              0.874 in pi
+size13.5ring            0.890 in pi
+
+# Old practice in the UK measured rings using the "Wheatsheaf gauge" with sizes
+# specified alphabetically and based on the ring inside diameter in steps of
+# 1|64 inch.  This system was replaced in 1987 by British Standard 6820 which
+# specifies sizes based on circumference.  Each size is 1.25 mm different from
+# the preceding size.  The baseline is size C which is 40 mm circumference.
+# The new sizes are close to the old ones.  Sometimes it's necessary to go
+# beyond size Z to Z+1, Z+2, etc.  
+
+sizeAring               37.50 mm
+sizeBring               38.75 mm
+sizeCring               40.00 mm
+sizeDring               41.25 mm
+sizeEring               42.50 mm
+sizeFring               43.75 mm
+sizeGring               45.00 mm
+sizeHring               46.25 mm
+sizeIring               47.50 mm
+sizeJring               48.75 mm
+sizeKring               50.00 mm
+sizeLring               51.25 mm
+sizeMring               52.50 mm
+sizeNring               53.75 mm
+sizeOring               55.00 mm
+sizePring               56.25 mm
+sizeQring               57.50 mm
+sizeRring               58.75 mm
+sizeSring               60.00 mm
+sizeTring               61.25 mm
+sizeUring               62.50 mm
+sizeVring               63.75 mm
+sizeWring               65.00 mm
+sizeXring               66.25 mm
+sizeYring               67.50 mm
+sizeZring               68.75 mm
+
+# Japanese sizes start with size 1 at a 13mm inside diameter and each size is
+# 1|3 mm larger in diameter than the previous one.  They are multiplied by pi
+# to give circumference. 
+
+jpsize1ring             39|3 pi mm
+jpsize2ring             40|3 pi mm
+jpsize3ring             41|3 pi mm
+jpsize4ring             42|3 pi mm
+jpsize5ring             43|3 pi mm
+jpsize6ring             44|3 pi mm
+jpsize7ring             45|3 pi mm
+jpsize8ring             46|3 pi mm
+jpsize9ring             47|3 pi mm
+jpsize10ring            48|3 pi mm
+jpsize11ring            49|3 pi mm
+jpsize12ring            50|3 pi mm
+jpsize13ring            51|3 pi mm
+jpsize14ring            52|3 pi mm
+jpsize15ring            53|3 pi mm
+jpsize16ring            54|3 pi mm
+jpsize17ring            55|3 pi mm
+jpsize18ring            56|3 pi mm
+jpsize19ring            57|3 pi mm
+jpsize20ring            58|3 pi mm
+jpsize21ring            59|3 pi mm
+jpsize22ring            60|3 pi mm
+jpsize23ring            61|3 pi mm
+jpsize24ring            62|3 pi mm
+jpsize25ring            63|3 pi mm
+jpsize26ring            64|3 pi mm
+jpsize27ring            65|3 pi mm
+jpsize28ring            66|3 pi mm
+jpsize29ring            67|3 pi mm
+jpsize30ring            68|3 pi mm
+
+# The European ring sizes are the length of the circumference in mm minus 40.
+
+eusize1ring             41 mm
+eusize2ring             42 mm
+eusize3ring             43 mm
+eusize4ring             44 mm
+eusize5ring             45 mm
+eusize6ring             46 mm
+eusize7ring             47 mm
+eusize8ring             48 mm
+eusize9ring             49 mm
+eusize10ring            50 mm
+eusize11ring            51 mm
+eusize12ring            52 mm
+eusize13ring            53 mm
+eusize14ring            54 mm
+eusize15ring            55 mm
+eusize16ring            56 mm
+eusize17ring            57 mm
+eusize18ring            58 mm
+eusize19ring            59 mm
+eusize20ring            60 mm
+eusize21ring            61 mm
+eusize22ring            62 mm
+eusize23ring            63 mm
+eusize24ring            64 mm
+eusize25ring            65 mm
+eusize26ring            66 mm
+eusize27ring            67 mm
+eusize28ring            68 mm
+eusize29ring            69 mm
+eusize30ring            70 mm
+
+#
+# Abbreviations
+#
+
+mph                     mile/hr
+mpg                     mile/gal
+kph                     km/hr
+fL                      footlambert
+fpm                     ft/min
+fps                     ft/s
+rpm                     rev/min
+rps                     rev/sec
+mi                      mile
+mbh                     1e3 btu/hour
+mcm                     1e3 circularmil
+
+#
+# Compatibility units with unix version
+#
+
+pa                      Pa
+ev                      eV
+hg                      Hg
+oe                      Oe
+mh                      mH
+us                      microsec
+rd                      rod
+pf                      pF
+gr                      grain
+nt                      N
+hz                      Hz
+hd                      hogshead
+dry                     drygallon/gallon
+imperial                brgallon/gallon   # This is a dubious definition
+                                          # since it fails for fluid ounces
+                                          # and all units derived from fluid
+                                          # ounces.  
+nmile                   nauticalmile
+beV                     GeV
+bev                     beV
+coul                    C
+
+#
+# Radioactivity units
+#
+
+becquerel               /s           # Activity of radioactive source
+Bq                      becquerel    #
+curie                   3.7e10 Bq    # Defined in 1910 as the radioactivity
+Ci                      curie        # emitted by the amount of radon that is
+                                     # in equilibrium with 1 gram of radium.
+rutherford              1e6 Bq       #
+
+gray                    J/kg         # Absorbed dose of radiation
+Gy                      gray         #
+rad                     1e-2 Gy      # From Radiation Absorbed Dose
+rep                     8.38 mGy     # Roentgen Equivalent Physical, the amount
+                                     #   of radiation which , absorbed in the
+                                     #   body, would liberate the same amount
+                                     #   of energy as 1 roentgen of X rays
+                                     #   would, or 97 ergs.
+
+sievert                 J/kg         # Dose equivalent:  dosage that has the
+Sv                      sievert      #   same effect on human tissues as 200
+rem                     1e-2 Sv      #   keV X-rays.  Different types of
+                                     #   radiation are weighted by the
+                                     #   Relative Biological Effectiveness
+                                     #   (RBE).
+                                     #
+                                     #      Radiation type       RBE
+                                     #       X-ray, gamma ray     1
+                                     #       beta rays, > 1 MeV   1
+                                     #       beta rays, < 1 MeV  1.08
+                                     #       neutrons, < 1 MeV   4-5
+                                     #       neutrons, 1-10 MeV   10
+                                     #       protons, 1 MeV      8.5
+                                     #       protons, .1 MeV      10
+                                     #       alpha, 5 MeV         15
+                                     #       alpha, 1 MeV         20
+                                     #
+                                     #   The energies are the kinetic energy
+                                     #   of the particles.  Slower particles
+                                     #   interact more, so they are more
+                                     #   effective ionizers, and hence have
+                                     #   higher RBE values.
+                                     #
+                                     # rem stands for Roentgen Equivalent
+                                     # Mammal
+
+roentgen              2.58e-4 C / kg # Ionizing radiation that produces
+                                     #   1 statcoulomb of charge in 1 cc of
+                                     #   dry air at stp.
+rontgen                 roentgen     # Sometimes it appears spelled this way
+sievertunit             8.38 rontgen # Unit of gamma ray dose delivered in one
+                                     #   hour at a distance of 1 cm from a
+                                     #   point source of 1 mg of radium
+                                     #   enclosed in platinum .5 mm thick.
+
+eman                    1e-7 Ci/m^3  # radioactive concentration
+mache                   3.7e-7 Ci/m^3
+
+#
+# Atomic weights.  The atomic weight of an element is the ratio of the mass of
+# a mole of the element to 1|12 of a mole of Carbon 12.  The Standard Atomic
+# Weights apply to the elements as they occur naturally on earth.  Elements
+# which do not occur naturally or which occur with wide isotopic variability do
+# not have Standard Atomic Weights.  For these elements, the atomic weight is
+# based on the longest lived isotope, as marked in the comments.  In some
+# cases, the comment for these entries also gives a number which is an atomic
+# weight for a different isotope that may be of more interest than the longest
+# lived isotope.
+#
+
+actinium                227.0278
+aluminum                26.981539
+americium               243.0614     # Longest lived. 241.06
+antimony                121.760      
+argon                   39.948
+arsenic                 74.92159
+astatine                209.9871     # Longest lived
+barium                  137.327
+berkelium               247.0703     # Longest lived. 249.08
+beryllium               9.012182
+bismuth                 208.98037
+boron                   10.811
+bromine                 79.904
+cadmium                 112.411
+calcium                 40.078
+californium             251.0796     # Longest lived.  252.08
+carbon                  12.011
+cerium                  140.115
+cesium                  132.90543
+chlorine                35.4527
+chromium                51.9961
+cobalt                  58.93320
+copper                  63.546
+curium                  247.0703
+dysprosium              162.50
+einsteinium             252.083      # Longest lived 
+erbium                  167.26
+europium                151.965
+fermium                 257.0951     # Longest lived
+fluorine                18.9984032
+francium                223.0197     # Longest lived
+gadolinium              157.25
+gallium                 69.723
+germanium               72.61
+gold                    196.96654
+hafnium                 178.49
+helium                  4.002602
+holmium                 164.93032
+hydrogen                1.00794
+indium                  114.818
+iodine                  126.90447
+iridium                 192.217
+iron                    55.845
+krypton                 83.80
+lanthanum               138.9055
+lawrencium              262.11       # Longest lived
+lead                    207.2
+lithium                 6.941
+lutetium                174.967
+magnesium               24.3050
+manganese               54.93805
+mendelevium             258.10       # Longest lived
+mercury                 200.59
+molybdenum              95.94
+neodymium               144.24
+neon                    20.1797
+neptunium               237.0482
+nickel                  58.6934
+niobium                 92.90638
+nitrogen                14.00674
+nobelium                259.1009     # Longest lived
+osmium                  190.23
+oxygen                  15.9994
+palladium               106.42
+phosphorus              30.973762
+platinum                195.08
+plutonium               244.0642     # Longest lived.  239.05
+polonium                208.9824     # Longest lived.  209.98
+potassium               39.0983
+praseodymium            140.90765
+promethium              144.9127     # Longest lived.  146.92
+protactinium            231.03588
+radium                  226.0254
+radon                   222.0176     # Longest lived
+rhenium                 186.207
+rhodium                 102.90550
+rubidium                85.4678
+ruthenium               101.07
+samarium                150.36
+scandium                44.955910
+selenium                78.96
+silicon                 28.0855
+silver                  107.8682
+sodium                  22.989768
+strontium               87.62
+sulfur                  32.066
+tantalum                180.9479
+technetium              97.9072      # Longest lived.  98.906
+tellurium               127.60
+terbium                 158.92534
+thallium                204.3833
+thorium                 232.0381
+thullium                168.93421
+tin                     118.710
+titanium                47.867
+tungsten                183.84
+uranium                 238.0289
+vanadium                50.9415
+xenon                   131.29
+ytterbium               173.04
+yttrium                 88.90585
+zinc                    65.39
+zirconium               91.224
+
+#
+# Old French distance measures, from French Weights and Measures
+# Before the Revolution by Zupko
+#
+
+frenchfoot              4500|13853 m      # pied de roi, the standard of Paris.
+pied                    frenchfoot        #   Half of the hashimicubit,
+frenchfeet              frenchfoot        #   instituted by Charlemagne.
+frenchinch              1|12 frenchfoot   #   This exact definition comes from
+frenchthumb             frenchinch        #   a law passed on 10 Dec 1799 which
+pouce                   frenchthumb       #   fixed the meter at 
+                                          #   3 frenchfeet + 11.296 lignes.
+frenchline              1|12 frenchinch   # This is supposed to be the size
+ligne                   frenchline        #   of the average barleycorn
+frenchpoint             1|12 frenchline
+toise                   6 frenchfeet
+arpent                  180^2 pied^2      # The arpent is 100 square perches,
+                                          # but the perche seems to vary a lot
+                                          # and can be 18 feet, 20 feet, or 22
+                                          # feet.  This measure was described
+                                          # as being in common use in Canada in
+                                          # 1934 (Websters 2nd).  The value
+                                          # given here is the Paris standard
+                                          # arpent.
+#
+# Before the Imperial Weights and Measures Act of 1824, various different
+# weights and measures were in use in different places.
+#
+
+# Scots linear measure
+
+scotsinch        1.00540054 UKinch
+scotsfoot        12 scotsinch
+scotsfeet        scotsfoot
+scotsell         37 scotsinch
+scotsfall        6 scotsell
+scotschain       4 scotsfall
+scotsfurlong     10 scotschain
+scotsmile        8 scotsfurlong
+
+# Scots area measure
+
+scotsrood        40 scotsfall^2
+scotsacre        4 scotsrood
+
+# Irish linear measure
+
+irishinch       UKinch
+irishpalm       3 irishinch
+irishspan       3 irishpalm
+irishfoot       12 irishinch
+irishfeet       irishfoot
+irishcubit      18 irishinch
+irishyard       3 irishfeet
+irishpace       5 irishfeet
+irishfathom     6 irishfeet
+irishpole       7 irishyard      # Only these values
+irishperch      irishpole        # are different from
+irishchain      4 irishperch     # the British Imperial
+irishlink       1|100 irishchain # or English values for
+irishfurlong    10 irishchain    # these lengths.
+irishmile       8 irishfurlong   #
+
+#  Irish area measure
+
+irishrood       40 irishpole^2
+irishacre       4 irishrood
+
+# English wine capacity measures (Winchester measures)
+
+winegallon     231 UKinch^3   # Sometimes called the Winchester Wine Gallon,
+                              # it was legalized in 1707 by Queen Anne, and
+                              # given the definition of 231 cubic inches.  It
+                              # had been in use for a while as 8 pounds of wine
+                              # using a merchant's pound of 7200 grains or
+                              # 15 troy ounces.  (The old mercantile pound had
+                              # been 15 tower ounces.)
+winerundlet    18 winegallon
+winebarrel     31.5 winegallon
+winetierce     42 winegallon
+winehogshead   2 winebarrel
+winepuncheon   2 winetierce
+winebutt       2 winehogshead
+winepipe       winebutt
+winetun        2 winebutt
+
+# English beer and ale measures used 1803-1824 and used for beer before 1688
+
+beergallon     282 UKinch^3
+beerbarrel     36 beergallon
+beerhogshead   1.5 beerbarrel
+
+# English ale measures used from 1688-1803 for both ale and beer
+
+alegallon      beergallon
+alebarrel      34 alegallon
+alehogshead    1.5 alebarrel
+
+# Scots capacity measure
+
+scotsgallon    827.232 UKinch^3
+scotsbarrel    8 scotsgallon
+
+# Scots dry capacity measure
+
+scotswheatlippy   137.333 UKinch^3    # Also used for peas, beans, rye, salt
+scotswheatlippies scotswheatlippy
+scotswheatpeck    4 scotswheatlippy
+scotswheatfirlot  4 scotswheatpeck
+scotswheatboll    4 scotswheatfirlot
+scotswheatchalder 16 scotswheatboll
+
+scotsoatlippy     200.345 UKinch^3    # Also used for barley and malt
+scotsoatlippies   scotsoatlippy
+scotsoatpeck      4 scotsoatlippy
+scotsoatfirlot    4 scotsoatpeck
+scotsoatboll      4 scotsoatfirlot
+scotsoatchalder   16 scotsoatboll
+
+# Scots Tron weight
+
+tronpound      9520 grain
+tronstone      16 tronpound
+
+# Irish liquid capacity measure
+
+irishgallon    217.6 UKinch^3
+irishrundlet   18 irishgallon
+irishbarrel    31.5 irishgallon
+irishtierce    42 irishgallon
+irishhogshead  2 irishbarrel
+irishpuncheon  2 irishtierce
+irishpipe      2 irishhogshead
+irishtun       2 irishpipe
+
+# Irish dry capacity measure
+
+irishpeck      2 irishgallon
+irishbushel    4 irishpeck
+irishstrike    2 irishbushel
+irishdrybarrel 2 irishstrike
+irishquarter   2 irishbarrel
+
+# English Tower weights, abolished in 1528
+
+towerpound       5400 grain
+towerounce       1|12 towerpound
+towerpennyweight 1|20 towerounce
+
+# English Mercantile weights, used since the late 12th century
+
+mercpound      6750 grain
+mercounce      1|15 mercpound
+mercpennyweight 1|20 mercounce
+
+# English weights for lead
+
+leadstone     12.5 lb
+fotmal        70 lb
+leadwey       14 leadstone
+fothers       12 leadwey
+
+# English Hay measure
+
+newhaytruss 60 lb             # New and old here seem to refer to "new"
+newhayload  36 newhaytruss    # hay and "old" hay rather than a new unit
+oldhaytruss 56 lb             # and an old unit.
+oldhayload  36 oldhaytruss
+
+# English wool measure
+
+woolclove   7 lb
+woolstone   2 woolclove
+wooltod     2 woolstone
+woolwey     13 woolstone
+woolsack    2 woolwey
+woolsarpler 2 woolsack
+woollast    6 woolsarpler
+
+#
+# Ancient history units:  There tends to be uncertainty in the definitions
+#                         of the units in this section
+# These units are from [11]
+
+# Roman measure.  The Romans had a well defined distance measure, but their
+# measures of weight were poor.  They adopted local weights in different
+# regions without distinguishing among them so that there are half a dozen
+# different Roman "standard" weight systems.  
+
+romanfoot    296 mm          # There is some uncertainty in this definition
+romanfeet    romanfoot       # from which all the other units are derived.
+pes          romanfoot       # This value appears in numerous sources. In "The
+pedes        romanfoot       # Roman Land Surveyors", Dilke gives 295.7 mm.
+romaninch    1|12 romanfoot  # The subdivisions of the Roman foot have the
+romandigit   1|16 romanfoot  #   same names as the subdivisions of the pound,
+romanpalm    1|4 romanfoot   #   but we can't have the names for different
+romancubit   18 romaninch    #   units.
+romanpace    5 romanfeet     # Roman double pace (basic military unit)
+passus       romanpace
+romanperch   10 romanfeet
+stade        125 romanpaces
+stadia       stade
+stadium      stade
+romanmile    8 stadia        # 1000 paces
+romanleague  1.5 romanmile
+schoenus     4 romanmile
+
+# Other values for the Roman foot (from Dilke)
+
+earlyromanfoot    29.73 cm
+pesdrusianus      33.3 cm    # or 33.35 cm, used in Gaul & Germany in 1st c BC
+lateromanfoot     29.42 cm
+
+# Roman areas
+
+actuslength  120 romanfeet     # length of a Roman furrow
+actus        120*4 romanfeet   # area of the furrow
+squareactus  120^2 romanfeet^2 # actus quadratus
+acnua        squareactus
+iugerum      2 squareactus
+iugera       iugerum
+jugerum      iugerum
+jugera       iugerum
+heredium     2 iugera          # heritable plot
+heredia      heredium
+centuria     100 heredia
+centurium    centuria
+
+# Roman volumes
+
+sextarius       35.4 in^3      # Basic unit of Roman volume.  As always,
+sextarii        sextarius      # there is uncertainty.  Six large Roman
+                               # measures survive with volumes ranging from
+                               # 34.4 in^3 to 39.55 in^3.  Three of them
+                               # cluster around the size given here.
+                               #
+                               # But the values for this unit vary wildly
+                               # in other sources.  One reference  gives 0.547
+                               # liters, but then says the amphora is a 
+                               # cubic Roman foot.  This gives a value for the
+                               # sextarius of 0.540 liters.  And the
+                               # encyclopedia Brittanica lists 0.53 liters for
+                               # this unit.  Both [7] and [11], which were
+                               # written by scholars of weights and measures,
+                               # give the value of 35.4 cubic inches.  
+cochlearia      1|48 sextarius
+cyathi          1|12 sextarius
+acetabula       1|8 sextarius
+quartaria       1|4 sextarius
+quartarius      quartaria
+heminae         1|2 sextarius
+hemina          heminae
+cheonix         1.5 sextarii
+
+# Dry volume measures (usually)
+
+semodius        8 sextarius
+semodii         semodius
+modius          16 sextarius
+modii           modius
+
+# Liquid volume measures (usually)
+
+congius         12 heminae
+congii          congius
+amphora         8 congii
+amphorae        amphora      # Also a dry volume measure
+culleus         20 amphorae
+quadrantal      amphora
+
+# Roman weights
+
+libra           5052 grain   # The Roman pound varied significantly
+librae          libra        # from 4210 grains to 5232 grains.  Most of
+romanpound      libra        # the standards were obtained from the weight
+uncia           1|12 libra   # of particular coins.  The one given here is
+unciae          uncia        # based on the Gold Aureus of Augustus which
+romanounce      uncia        # was in use from BC 27 to AD 296.  
+deunx           11 uncia
+dextans         10 uncia
+dodrans         9 uncia
+bes             8 uncia
+seprunx         7 uncia
+semis           6 uncia
+quincunx        5 uncia
+triens          4 uncia
+quadrans        3 uncia
+sextans         2 uncia
+sescuncia       1.5 uncia
+semuncia        1|2 uncia
+siscilius       1|4 uncia
+sextula         1|6 uncia
+semisextula     1|12 uncia
+scriptulum      1|24 uncia
+scrupula        scriptulum
+romanobol       1|2 scrupula
+
+romanaspound    4210 grain    # Old pound based on bronze coinage, the  
+                              # earliest money of Rome BC 338 to BC 268. 
+
+# Egyptian length measure
+
+egyptianroyalcubit      20.63 in    # plus or minus .2 in
+egyptianpalm            1|7 egyptianroyalcubit
+epyptiandigit           1|4 egyptianpalm
+egyptianshortcubit      6 egyptianpalm
+
+doubleremen             29.16 in  # Length of the diagonal of a square with
+remendigit       1|40 doubleremen # side length of 1 royal egyptian cubit.
+                                  # This is divided into 40 digits which are
+                                  # not the same size as the digits based on
+                                  # the royal cubit.
+
+# Greek length measures
+
+greekfoot               12.45 in      # Listed as being derived from the 
+greekfeet               greekfoot     # Egyptian Royal cubit in [11].  It is
+greekcubit              1.5 greekfoot # said to be 3|5 of a 20.75 in cubit.
+pous                    greekfoot
+podes                   greekfoot
+orguia                  6 greekfoot
+greekfathom             orguia
+stadion                 100 orguia
+akaina                  10 greekfeet
+plethron                10 akaina
+greekfinger             1|16 greekfoot
+homericcubit            20 greekfingers  # Elbow to end of knuckles.
+shortgreekcubit         18 greekfingers  # Elbow to start of fingers.
+
+ionicfoot               296 mm    
+doricfoot               326 mm
+
+olympiccubit            25 remendigit    # These olympic measures were not as
+olympicfoot             2|3 olympiccubit # common as the other greek measures.
+olympicfinger           1|16 olympicfoot # They were used in agriculture.
+olympicfeet             olympicfoot
+olympicdakylos          olympicfinger
+olympicpalm             1|4 olympicfoot
+olympicpalestra         olympicpalm
+olympicspithame         3|4 foot
+olympicspan             olympicspithame
+olympicbema             2.5 olympicfeet
+olympicpace             olympicbema
+olympicorguia           6 olympicfeet
+olympicfathom           olympicorguia
+olympiccord             60 olympicfeet
+olympicamma             olympiccord
+olympicplethron         100 olympicfeet
+olympicstadion          600 olympicfeet
+
+# Greek capacity measure
+
+greekkotyle             270 ml           # This approximate value is obtained
+xestes                  2 greekkotyle    # from two earthenware vessels that
+khous                   12 greekkotyle   # were reconstructed from fragments.
+metretes                12 khous         # The kotyle is a day's corn ration
+choinix                 4 greekkotyle    # for one man. 
+hekteos                 8 choinix
+medimnos                6 hekteos
+
+# Greek weight.  Two weight standards were used, an Aegina standard based
+# on the Beqa shekel and an Athens (attic) standard.
+
+aeginastater            192 grain        # Varies up to 199 grain
+aeginadrachmae          1|2 aeginastater
+aeginaobol              1|6 aeginadrachmae
+aeginamina              50 aeginastaters
+aeginatalent            60 aeginamina
+
+atticstater             135 grain        # Varies 134-138 grain
+atticdrachmae           1|2 atticstater
+atticobol               1|6 atticdrachmae
+atticmina               50 atticstaters
+attictalent             60 atticmina
+
+# "Northern" cubit and foot.  This was used by the pre-Aryan civilization in
+# the Indus valley.  It was used in Mesopotamia, Egypt, North Africa, China,
+# central and Western Europe until modern times when it was displaced by
+# the metric system.
+
+northerncubit           26.6 in           # plus/minus .2 in
+northernfoot            1|2 northerncubit
+
+sumeriancubit           495 mm
+kus                     sumeriancubit
+sumerianfoot            2|3 sumeriancubit
+
+assyriancubit           21.6 in
+assyrianfoot            1|2 assyriancubit
+assyrianpalm            1|3 assyrianfoot
+assyriansusi            1|20 assyrianpalm
+susi                    assyriansusi
+persianroyalcubit       7 assyrianpalm
+
+
+# Arabic measures.  The arabic standards were meticulously kept.  Glass weights
+# accurate to .2 grains were made during AD 714-900.
+
+hashimicubit            25.56 in          # Standard of linear measure used
+                                          # in Persian dominions of the Arabic
+                                          # empire 7-8th cent.  Is equal to two
+                                          # French feet.
+
+blackcubit              21.28 in
+arabicfeet              1|2 blackcubit
+arabicfoot              arabicfeet
+arabicinch              1|12 arabicfoot
+arabicmile              4000 blackcubit
+
+silverdirhem            45 grain  # The weights were derived from these two
+tradedirhem             48 grain  # units with two identically named systems
+                                  # used for silver and used for trade purposes
+
+silverkirat             1|16 silverdirhem
+silverwukiyeh           10 silverdirhem
+silverrotl              12 silverwukiyeh
+arabicsilverpound       silverrotl
+
+tradekirat              1|16 tradedirhem
+tradewukiyeh            10 tradedirhem
+traderotl               12 tradewukiyeh
+arabictradepound        traderotl
+
+# Miscellaneous ancient units
+
+parasang                3.5 mile # Persian unit of length usually thought
+                                 # to be between 3 and 3.5 miles
+biblicalcubit           21.8 in
+hebrewcubit             17.58 in
+li                      10|27.8 mile  # Chinese unit of length
+                                      #   100 li is considered a day's march
+liang                   11|3 oz       # Chinese weight unit
+
+
+# Medieval time units.  According to the OED, these appear in Du Cange
+# by Papias.
+
+timepoint               1|5 hour  # also given as 1|4
+timeminute              1|10 hour
+timeostent              1|60 hour
+timeounce               1|8 timeostent
+timeatom                1|47 timeounce
+
+# Given in [15], these subdivisions of the grain were supposedly used
+# by jewelers.  The mite may have been used but the blanc could not
+# have been accurately measured.
+
+mite                    1|20 grain     
+droit                   1|24 mite
+periot                  1|20 droit
+blanc                   1|24 periot    
+
+#
+# Some definitions using ISO 8859-1 characters
+#
+
+¼-                   1|4
+½-                   1|2
+¾-                   3|4
+µ-                   micro
+¢                    cent
+£                    britainpound
+¥                    japanyen
+ångström          angstrom
+Å                    angstrom
+röntgen              roentgen
+°C                      degC
+°F                      degF
+°K                      K             # °K is incorrect notation
+°R                      degR
+°                       degree
+
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# The following units were in the unix units database but do not appear in
+# this file:
+#
+#      wey        used for cheese, salt and other goods.  Measured mass or
+#      waymass    volume depending on what was measured and where the measuring
+#                 took place.  A wey of cheese ranged from 200 to 324 pounds.
+#
+#      sack       No precise definition
+#
+#      spindle    The length depends on the type of yarn
+#
+#      doppelzentner  The 'units' program doesn't need to get into the
+#                     translating business (and I don't know German).
+#
+#      block      Defined variously on different computer systems
+#
+#      erlang     A unit of telephone traffic defined variously.  
+#                 Omitted because there are no other units for this
+#                 dimension.  Is this true?  What about CCS = 1/36 erlang?
+#                 Erlang is supposed to be dimensionless.  One erlang means
+#                 a single channel occupied for one hour.
+#
+############################################################################
+
+# herafter order problem
+prout                   185.5 keV        # nuclear binding energy equal to 1|12
+inHg                    inch Hg
+kcal_mol                kcal / mol N_A      # kcal/mol is used as a unit of
+abfarad                 abampere sec / abvolt
+abhenry                 abvolt sec / abamp
+skot                    1e-3 apostilb # measurements relating to dark adapted
+geographicalmile        brnauticalmile
+brquartermass           1|4 brhundredweight
+brquart                 1|4 brgallon
+aluminium               aluminum
+sulphur                 sulfur
+palmwidth               hand   # The palm is a unit defined as either the width
+slug                    lbf s^2 / ft
+slugf                   slug force
+slinch                  lbf s^2 / inch  # Mass unit derived from inch second
+slinchf                 slinch force    #   pound-force system.  Used in space
+geepound                slug
+olddidotpoint           1|72 frenchinch   # François Ambroise Didot, one of 
+frenchprinterspoint     olddidotpoint     
+denier                  1|9 tex            # used for silk and rayon
+austriaschilling        1|13.7603 euro
+belgiumfranc            1|40.3399 euro
+ATS                     austriaschilling
+BEF                     belgiumfranc
+scotslink        1|100 scotschain
+winequart      1|4 winegallon
+beerquart      1|4 beergallon
+alequart       1|4 alegallon
+scotsquart     1|4 scotsgallon
+tronounce      1|20 tronpound
+irishpottle    1|2 irishgallon
+brpint         1|2 brquart
+brcup          1|2 brpint
+brteacup       1|3 brpint
+winepint       1|2 winequart
+beerpint       1|2 beerquart
+alepint        1|2 alequart
+scotspint      1|2 scotsquart
+trondrop       1|16 tronounce
+irishquart     1|2 irishpottle
+brfloz         1|20 brpint
+brfluidounce   brfloz
+brgill         1|4 brpint
+noggin         brgill
+choppin        1|2 scotspint
+irishpint      1|2 irishquart
+brdram         1|8 brfloz
+mutchkin       1|2 choppin
+irishnoggin    1|4 irishpint
+brminim        1|60 brdram
+brscruple      1|3 brdram
+fluidscruple   brscruple
+scotsgill      1|4 mutchkin
+
+# Permeability: The permeability or permeance, n, of a substance determines
+# how fast vapor flows through the substance.  The formula W = n A dP
+# holds where W is the rate of flow (in mass/time), n is the permeability,
+# A is the area of the flow path, and dP is the vapor pressure difference.
+#
+
+perm_0C                 grain / hr ft^2 inHg
+perm_0                  perm_0C
+perm_zero               perm_0C
+perm                    perm_0C
+perm_23C                grain / hr ft^2 inch Hg23C
+perm_twentythree        perm_23C
+
+# not support ...
+
+# marathon                26 miles + 385 yards
+# eggvolume               3 tablespoons + 1|2 tsp
+# standardgauge          4 ft + 8.5 in # Standard width between railroad track
+
+
+###########################################################################
+#                                                                         #
+# oddb units                                                              #
+#                                                                         #
+###########################################################################
+
+UPhEur    !    # Unite Pharmacopee Europeenne
+U.Ph.Eur. UPhEur
+
+UI        !
+U         UI
+U.        UI
+U.I.			UI
+IE        UI
+I.E.			IE
+
+LSU				!		 # lipoprotein lipase releasing units
+
+tablet		!		 # one of the "official doses" in ATC-DDD
+
+Mio-			1e6
+Mio	  		1e6
+µ-				1e-6
+u-				1e-6
+