pura-bmp 0.1.0

checksums.yaml

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data/README.md

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+# pura-bmp
+
+A pure Ruby BMP decoder/encoder with zero C extension dependencies.
+
+Part of the **pura-*** series — pure Ruby image codec gems.
+
+## Features
+
+- BMP decoding and encoding (24-bit RGB)
+- Image resizing (bilinear / nearest-neighbor / fit / fill)
+- No native extensions, no FFI, no external dependencies
+- CLI tool included
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+gem install pura-bmp
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```ruby
+require "pura-bmp"
+
+# Decode
+image = Pura::Bmp.decode("photo.bmp")
+image.width      #=> 400
+image.height     #=> 400
+image.pixels     #=> Raw RGB byte string
+image.pixel_at(x, y) #=> [r, g, b]
+
+# Encode
+Pura::Bmp.encode(image, "output.bmp")
+
+# Resize
+thumb = image.resize(200, 200)
+fitted = image.resize_fit(800, 600)
+```
+
+## CLI
+
+```bash
+pura-bmp decode input.bmp --info
+pura-bmp resize input.bmp --width 200 --height 200 --out thumb.bmp
+```
+
+## Benchmark
+
+400×400 image, Ruby 4.0.2 + YJIT.
+
+### Decode
+
+| Decoder | Time |
+|---------|------|
+| **pura-bmp** | **39 ms** |
+| ffmpeg (C) | 59 ms |
+
+**pura-bmp is faster than ffmpeg** for BMP decoding. No other pure Ruby BMP implementation exists.
+
+### Encode
+
+| Encoder | Time | vs ffmpeg |
+|---------|------|-----------|
+| **pura-bmp** | **35 ms** | **0.6× — faster than ffmpeg!** |
+| ffmpeg (C) | 58 ms | — |
+
+## Why pure Ruby?
+
+- **`gem install` and go** — no `brew install`, no `apt install`, no C compiler needed
+- **Faster than C** — pure Ruby BMP decode beats ffmpeg on this benchmark
+- **Works everywhere Ruby works** — CRuby, ruby.wasm, JRuby, TruffleRuby
+- **Part of pura-\*** — convert between JPEG, PNG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, WebP seamlessly
+
+## Related gems
+
+| Gem | Format | Status |
+|-----|--------|--------|
+| [pura-jpeg](https://github.com/komagata/pura-jpeg) | JPEG | ✅ Available |
+| [pura-png](https://github.com/komagata/pura-png) | PNG | ✅ Available |
+| **pura-bmp** | BMP | ✅ Available |
+| [pura-gif](https://github.com/komagata/pura-gif) | GIF | ✅ Available |
+| [pura-tiff](https://github.com/komagata/pura-tiff) | TIFF | ✅ Available |
+| [pura-ico](https://github.com/komagata/pura-ico) | ICO | ✅ Available |
+| [pura-webp](https://github.com/komagata/pura-webp) | WebP | ✅ Available |
+| [pura-image](https://github.com/komagata/pura-image) | All formats | ✅ Available |
+
+## License
+
+MIT

data/bin/pura-bmp

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "../lib/pure-bmp"
+
+def usage
+  puts <<~USAGE
+    Usage: pure-bmp <command> [options]
+
+    Commands:
+      decode <input.bmp> [options]   Decode a BMP file
+        --info                       Show image metadata
+        --out <file>                 Write raw RGB data to file
+
+      encode <input.rgb> [options]   Encode raw RGB data to BMP
+        --width <n>                  Image width (required)
+        --height <n>                 Image height (required)
+        --out <file>                 Output BMP file (required)
+
+      resize <input.bmp> [options]   Resize a BMP file
+        --width <n>                  Target width
+        --height <n>                 Target height
+        --fit <W>x<H>               Fit within bounds (maintain aspect ratio)
+        --fill <W>x<H>              Fill exact size (crop to fit)
+        --interpolation <type>       bilinear or nearest (default: bilinear)
+        --out <file>                 Output BMP file (required)
+
+      benchmark <input.bmp>          Benchmark decoding vs system tools
+
+      version                        Show version
+  USAGE
+  exit 1
+end
+
+def cmd_decode(args)
+  input = nil
+  info_only = false
+  output = nil
+
+  i = 0
+  while i < args.size
+    case args[i]
+    when "--info"
+      info_only = true
+    when "--out"
+      i += 1
+      output = args[i]
+    else
+      input = args[i]
+    end
+    i += 1
+  end
+
+  usage unless input
+
+  unless File.exist?(input)
+    $stderr.puts "Error: file not found: #{input}"
+    exit 1
+  end
+
+  start = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+  image = Pure::Bmp.decode(input)
+  elapsed = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - start
+
+  if info_only
+    puts "File:   #{input}"
+    puts "Width:  #{image.width}"
+    puts "Height: #{image.height}"
+    puts "Pixels: #{image.width * image.height}"
+    puts "Size:   #{File.size(input)} bytes"
+    puts "Decode: #{'%.3f' % elapsed}s"
+  elsif output
+    File.binwrite(output, image.pixels)
+    puts "Wrote #{image.pixels.bytesize} bytes of raw RGB to #{output}"
+    puts "Decode time: #{'%.3f' % elapsed}s"
+  else
+    puts "Decoded #{input}: #{image.width}x#{image.height} in #{'%.3f' % elapsed}s"
+  end
+end
+
+def cmd_encode(args)
+  input = nil
+  width = nil
+  height = nil
+  output = nil
+
+  i = 0
+  while i < args.size
+    case args[i]
+    when "--width"
+      i += 1; width = args[i].to_i
+    when "--height"
+      i += 1; height = args[i].to_i
+    when "--out"
+      i += 1; output = args[i]
+    else
+      input = args[i]
+    end
+    i += 1
+  end
+
+  unless input && width && height && output
+    $stderr.puts "Error: encode requires input file, --width, --height, and --out"
+    usage
+  end
+
+  unless File.exist?(input)
+    $stderr.puts "Error: file not found: #{input}"
+    exit 1
+  end
+
+  raw = File.binread(input)
+  image = Pure::Bmp::Image.new(width, height, raw)
+
+  start = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+  size = Pure::Bmp.encode(image, output)
+  elapsed = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - start
+
+  puts "Encoded #{width}x#{height} to #{output} (#{size} bytes) in #{'%.3f' % elapsed}s"
+end
+
+def cmd_resize(args)
+  input = nil
+  width = nil
+  height = nil
+  fit = nil
+  fill = nil
+  interpolation = :bilinear
+  output = nil
+
+  i = 0
+  while i < args.size
+    case args[i]
+    when "--width"
+      i += 1; width = args[i].to_i
+    when "--height"
+      i += 1; height = args[i].to_i
+    when "--fit"
+      i += 1; fit = args[i]
+    when "--fill"
+      i += 1; fill = args[i]
+    when "--interpolation"
+      i += 1
+      interpolation = args[i] == "nearest" ? :nearest : :bilinear
+    when "--out"
+      i += 1; output = args[i]
+    else
+      input = args[i]
+    end
+    i += 1
+  end
+
+  unless input && output
+    $stderr.puts "Error: resize requires input file and --out"
+    usage
+  end
+
+  unless File.exist?(input)
+    $stderr.puts "Error: file not found: #{input}"
+    exit 1
+  end
+
+  start = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+  image = Pure::Bmp.decode(input)
+
+  if fit
+    fw, fh = fit.split("x").map(&:to_i)
+    resized = image.resize_fit(fw, fh, interpolation: interpolation)
+  elsif fill
+    fw, fh = fill.split("x").map(&:to_i)
+    resized = image.resize_fill(fw, fh, interpolation: interpolation)
+  elsif width && height
+    resized = image.resize(width, height, interpolation: interpolation)
+  else
+    $stderr.puts "Error: specify --width/--height, --fit, or --fill"
+    usage
+  end
+
+  size = Pure::Bmp.encode(resized, output)
+  elapsed = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - start
+
+  puts "Resized #{image.width}x#{image.height} -> #{resized.width}x#{resized.height} to #{output} (#{size} bytes) in #{'%.3f' % elapsed}s"
+end
+
+def cmd_benchmark(args)
+  input = args[0]
+  usage unless input
+
+  require_relative "../benchmark/decode_benchmark"
+  DecodeBenchmark.run(input)
+end
+
+case ARGV[0]
+when "decode"
+  cmd_decode(ARGV[1..])
+when "encode"
+  cmd_encode(ARGV[1..])
+when "resize"
+  cmd_resize(ARGV[1..])
+when "benchmark"
+  cmd_benchmark(ARGV[1..])
+when "version", "--version", "-v"
+  puts "pure-bmp #{Pure::Bmp::VERSION}"
+when nil, "help", "--help", "-h"
+  usage
+else
+  $stderr.puts "Unknown command: #{ARGV[0]}"
+  usage
+end

data/lib/pura/bmp/decoder.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Pura
+  module Bmp
+    class DecodeError < StandardError; end
+
+    class Decoder
+      # Compression types
+      BI_RGB  = 0
+      BI_RLE8 = 1
+      BI_RLE4 = 2
+      BI_BITFIELDS = 3
+
+      def self.decode(input)
+        data = if input.is_a?(String) && !input.include?("\x00") && input.bytesize < 4096 && File.exist?(input)
+                 File.binread(input)
+               else
+                 input.b
+               end
+        new(data).decode
+      end
+
+      def initialize(data)
+        @data = data
+        @pos = 0
+      end
+
+      def decode
+        # File header (14 bytes)
+        magic = read_bytes(2)
+        raise DecodeError, "Not a BMP file (missing BM signature)" unless magic == "BM"
+
+        _file_size = read_uint32_le
+        _reserved1 = read_uint16_le
+        _reserved2 = read_uint16_le
+        pixel_offset = read_uint32_le
+
+        # Info header
+        header_size = read_uint32_le
+        raise DecodeError, "Unsupported BMP header size: #{header_size}" unless header_size >= 40
+
+        width = read_int32_le
+        height = read_int32_le
+        _planes = read_uint16_le
+        bit_depth = read_uint16_le
+        compression = read_uint32_le
+        _image_size = read_uint32_le
+        _x_ppm = read_int32_le
+        _y_ppm = read_int32_le
+        colors_used = read_uint32_le
+        _colors_important = read_uint32_le
+
+        # Handle negative height (top-down storage)
+        top_down = height.negative?
+        height = height.abs
+
+        raise DecodeError, "Invalid dimensions: #{width}x#{height}" if width <= 0 || height <= 0
+
+        # Read additional header bytes if header is larger than 40
+        extra_header = header_size - 40
+        bitfield_masks = nil
+
+        if compression == BI_BITFIELDS && extra_header >= 12
+          r_mask = read_uint32_le
+          g_mask = read_uint32_le
+          b_mask = read_uint32_le
+          extra_header -= 12
+          bitfield_masks = { r: r_mask, g: g_mask, b: b_mask }
+        end
+
+        skip_bytes(extra_header) if extra_header.positive?
+
+        # Read color palette for indexed images
+        palette = nil
+        if bit_depth <= 8
+          num_colors = colors_used.positive? ? colors_used : (1 << bit_depth)
+          palette = read_palette(num_colors)
+        end
+
+        # Seek to pixel data
+        @pos = pixel_offset
+
+        # Decode pixel data
+        pixels = case bit_depth
+                 when 24
+                   decode_24bit(width, height, top_down)
+                 when 32
+                   decode_32bit(width, height, top_down, bitfield_masks)
+                 when 8
+                   if compression == BI_RLE8
+                     decode_rle8(width, height, top_down, palette)
+                   else
+                     decode_8bit(width, height, top_down, palette)
+                   end
+                 when 4
+                   decode_4bit(width, height, top_down, palette)
+                 when 1
+                   decode_1bit(width, height, top_down, palette)
+                 else
+                   raise DecodeError, "Unsupported bit depth: #{bit_depth}"
+                 end
+
+        Image.new(width, height, pixels)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def read_bytes(n)
+        raise DecodeError, "Unexpected end of data" if @pos + n > @data.bytesize
+
+        result = @data.byteslice(@pos, n)
+        @pos += n
+        result
+      end
+
+      def read_uint16_le
+        bytes = read_bytes(2)
+        bytes.unpack1("v")
+      end
+
+      def read_uint32_le
+        bytes = read_bytes(4)
+        bytes.unpack1("V")
+      end
+
+      def read_int32_le
+        bytes = read_bytes(4)
+        bytes.unpack1("l<")
+      end
+
+      def skip_bytes(n)
+        @pos += n
+      end
+
+      def read_palette(num_colors)
+        palette = Array.new(num_colors)
+        num_colors.times do |i|
+          b = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+          g = @data.getbyte(@pos + 1)
+          r = @data.getbyte(@pos + 2)
+          _a = @data.getbyte(@pos + 3)
+          @pos += 4
+          palette[i] = [r, g, b]
+        end
+        palette
+      end
+
+      def decode_24bit(width, height, top_down)
+        stride = ((width * 3) + 3) & ~3 # Row size padded to 4-byte boundary
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * height * 3)
+        rows = []
+
+        height.times do
+          row = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * 3)
+          width.times do
+            b = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+            g = @data.getbyte(@pos + 1)
+            r = @data.getbyte(@pos + 2)
+            @pos += 3
+            row << r.chr << g.chr << b.chr
+          end
+          # Skip padding bytes
+          padding = stride - (width * 3)
+          @pos += padding
+          rows << row
+        end
+
+        # BMP stores rows bottom-to-top (unless top-down)
+        rows.reverse! unless top_down
+        rows.each { |r| out << r }
+        out
+      end
+
+      def decode_32bit(width, height, top_down, bitfield_masks)
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * height * 3)
+        rows = []
+
+        # Default masks for standard 32-bit BGRA
+        if bitfield_masks
+          r_mask = bitfield_masks[:r]
+          g_mask = bitfield_masks[:g]
+          b_mask = bitfield_masks[:b]
+          r_shift = mask_shift(r_mask)
+          g_shift = mask_shift(g_mask)
+          b_shift = mask_shift(b_mask)
+          r_max = mask_max(r_mask)
+          g_max = mask_max(g_mask)
+          b_max = mask_max(b_mask)
+        end
+
+        height.times do
+          row = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * 3)
+          width.times do
+            if bitfield_masks
+              val = @data.byteslice(@pos, 4).unpack1("V")
+              @pos += 4
+              r = r_max.positive? ? ((val & r_mask) >> r_shift) * 255 / r_max : 0
+              g = g_max.positive? ? ((val & g_mask) >> g_shift) * 255 / g_max : 0
+              b = b_max.positive? ? ((val & b_mask) >> b_shift) * 255 / b_max : 0
+            else
+              b = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+              g = @data.getbyte(@pos + 1)
+              r = @data.getbyte(@pos + 2)
+              # skip alpha byte
+              @pos += 4
+            end
+            row << r.chr << g.chr << b.chr
+          end
+          rows << row
+        end
+
+        rows.reverse! unless top_down
+        rows.each { |r| out << r }
+        out
+      end
+
+      def decode_8bit(width, height, top_down, palette)
+        raise DecodeError, "Missing palette for 8-bit image" unless palette
+
+        stride = (width + 3) & ~3 # Row size padded to 4-byte boundary
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * height * 3)
+        rows = []
+
+        height.times do
+          row = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * 3)
+          width.times do
+            idx = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+            @pos += 1
+            r, g, b = palette[idx] || [0, 0, 0]
+            row << r.chr << g.chr << b.chr
+          end
+          padding = stride - width
+          @pos += padding
+          rows << row
+        end
+
+        rows.reverse! unless top_down
+        rows.each { |r| out << r }
+        out
+      end
+
+      def decode_rle8(width, height, top_down, palette)
+        raise DecodeError, "Missing palette for RLE8 image" unless palette
+
+        # Initialize pixel buffer to black
+        pixel_buf = Array.new(width * height * 3, 0)
+        x = 0
+        y = 0
+
+        while @pos < @data.bytesize
+          count = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+          value = @data.getbyte(@pos + 1)
+          @pos += 2
+
+          if count.positive?
+            # Encoded run: repeat value count times
+            count.times do
+              if x < width && y < height
+                r, g, b = palette[value] || [0, 0, 0]
+                offset = ((y * width) + x) * 3
+                pixel_buf[offset] = r
+                pixel_buf[offset + 1] = g
+                pixel_buf[offset + 2] = b
+              end
+              x += 1
+            end
+          else
+            case value
+            when 0 # End of line
+              x = 0
+              y += 1
+            when 1 # End of bitmap
+              break
+            when 2 # Delta
+              dx = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+              dy = @data.getbyte(@pos + 1)
+              @pos += 2
+              x += dx
+              y += dy
+            else
+              # Absolute mode: read 'value' literal pixels
+              value.times do
+                idx = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+                @pos += 1
+                if x < width && y < height
+                  r, g, b = palette[idx] || [0, 0, 0]
+                  offset = ((y * width) + x) * 3
+                  pixel_buf[offset] = r
+                  pixel_buf[offset + 1] = g
+                  pixel_buf[offset + 2] = b
+                end
+                x += 1
+              end
+              # Absolute runs are padded to word boundary
+              @pos += 1 if value.odd?
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Build output: RLE stores rows bottom-to-top by default
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * height * 3)
+        if top_down
+          height.times do |row|
+            offset = row * width * 3
+            width.times do |col|
+              off = offset + (col * 3)
+              out << pixel_buf[off].chr << pixel_buf[off + 1].chr << pixel_buf[off + 2].chr
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          (height - 1).downto(0) do |row|
+            offset = row * width * 3
+            width.times do |col|
+              off = offset + (col * 3)
+              out << pixel_buf[off].chr << pixel_buf[off + 1].chr << pixel_buf[off + 2].chr
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        out
+      end
+
+      def decode_4bit(width, height, top_down, palette)
+        raise DecodeError, "Missing palette for 4-bit image" unless palette
+
+        row_bytes = (width + 1) / 2
+        stride = (row_bytes + 3) & ~3
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * height * 3)
+        rows = []
+
+        height.times do
+          row = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * 3)
+          x = 0
+          row_bytes.times do
+            byte = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+            @pos += 1
+
+            # High nibble first
+            if x < width
+              idx = (byte >> 4) & 0x0F
+              r, g, b = palette[idx] || [0, 0, 0]
+              row << r.chr << g.chr << b.chr
+              x += 1
+            end
+
+            # Low nibble
+            next unless x < width
+
+            idx = byte & 0x0F
+            r, g, b = palette[idx] || [0, 0, 0]
+            row << r.chr << g.chr << b.chr
+            x += 1
+          end
+          padding = stride - row_bytes
+          @pos += padding
+          rows << row
+        end
+
+        rows.reverse! unless top_down
+        rows.each { |r| out << r }
+        out
+      end
+
+      def decode_1bit(width, height, top_down, palette)
+        raise DecodeError, "Missing palette for 1-bit image" unless palette
+
+        row_bytes = (width + 7) / 8
+        stride = (row_bytes + 3) & ~3
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * height * 3)
+        rows = []
+
+        height.times do
+          row = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: width * 3)
+          x = 0
+          row_bytes.times do
+            byte = @data.getbyte(@pos)
+            @pos += 1
+
+            8.times do |bit|
+              break if x >= width
+
+              idx = (byte >> (7 - bit)) & 1
+              r, g, b = palette[idx] || [0, 0, 0]
+              row << r.chr << g.chr << b.chr
+              x += 1
+            end
+          end
+          padding = stride - row_bytes
+          @pos += padding
+          rows << row
+        end
+
+        rows.reverse! unless top_down
+        rows.each { |r| out << r }
+        out
+      end
+
+      def mask_shift(mask)
+        return 0 if mask.zero?
+
+        shift = 0
+        shift += 1 while (mask >> shift).nobits?(1)
+        shift
+      end
+
+      def mask_max(mask)
+        return 0 if mask.zero?
+
+        mask >> mask_shift(mask)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/pura/bmp/encoder.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Pura
+  module Bmp
+    class Encoder
+      def self.encode(image, output_path)
+        encoder = new(image)
+        data = encoder.encode
+        File.binwrite(output_path, data)
+        data.bytesize
+      end
+
+      def initialize(image)
+        @image = image
+      end
+
+      def encode
+        width = @image.width
+        height = @image.height
+        pixels = @image.pixels
+
+        stride = ((width * 3) + 3) & ~3 # Row size padded to 4-byte boundary
+        padding = stride - (width * 3)
+        pixel_data_size = stride * height
+        file_size = 14 + 40 + pixel_data_size # File header + info header + pixel data
+        pixel_offset = 14 + 40
+
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: file_size)
+
+        # File header (14 bytes)
+        out << "BM"
+        out << [file_size].pack("V")
+        out << [0, 0].pack("vv") # Reserved
+        out << [pixel_offset].pack("V")
+
+        # Info header (BITMAPINFOHEADER, 40 bytes)
+        out << [40].pack("V")           # Header size
+        out << [width].pack("V")        # Width
+        out << [height].pack("l<")      # Height (positive = bottom-up)
+        out << [1].pack("v")            # Planes
+        out << [24].pack("v")           # Bit depth
+        out << [0].pack("V")            # Compression (BI_RGB)
+        out << [pixel_data_size].pack("V") # Image size
+        out << [2835].pack("l<")        # X pixels per meter (~72 DPI)
+        out << [2835].pack("l<")        # Y pixels per meter (~72 DPI)
+        out << [0].pack("V")            # Colors used
+        out << [0].pack("V")            # Colors important
+
+        # Pixel data (bottom-to-top, BGR order)
+        pad_bytes = "\x00".b * padding
+        (height - 1).downto(0) do |y|
+          row_offset = y * width * 3
+          width.times do |x|
+            off = row_offset + (x * 3)
+            r = pixels.getbyte(off)
+            g = pixels.getbyte(off + 1)
+            b = pixels.getbyte(off + 2)
+            out << b.chr << g.chr << r.chr # BGR order
+          end
+          out << pad_bytes if padding.positive?
+        end
+
+        out
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/pura/bmp/image.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Pura
+  module Bmp
+    class Image
+      attr_reader :width, :height, :pixels
+
+      def initialize(width, height, pixels)
+        @width = width
+        @height = height
+        @pixels = pixels.b
+        expected = width * height * 3
+        return if @pixels.bytesize == expected
+
+        raise ArgumentError, "pixel data size #{@pixels.bytesize} != expected #{expected} (#{width}x#{height}x3)"
+      end
+
+      def to_rgb_array
+        result = Array.new(width * height)
+        i = 0
+        offset = 0
+        while offset < @pixels.bytesize
+          result[i] = [@pixels.getbyte(offset), @pixels.getbyte(offset + 1), @pixels.getbyte(offset + 2)]
+          i += 1
+          offset += 3
+        end
+        result
+      end
+
+      def pixel_at(x, y)
+        raise IndexError, "coordinates out of bounds" if x.negative? || x >= @width || y.negative? || y >= @height
+
+        offset = ((y * @width) + x) * 3
+        [@pixels.getbyte(offset), @pixels.getbyte(offset + 1), @pixels.getbyte(offset + 2)]
+      end
+
+      def to_ppm
+        header = "P6\n#{@width} #{@height}\n255\n"
+        header.b + @pixels
+      end
+
+      # Resize to exact dimensions
+      # interpolation: :bilinear (default) or :nearest
+      def resize(new_width, new_height, interpolation: :bilinear)
+        raise ArgumentError, "width must be positive" unless new_width.positive?
+        raise ArgumentError, "height must be positive" unless new_height.positive?
+
+        if interpolation == :nearest
+          resize_nearest(new_width, new_height)
+        else
+          resize_bilinear(new_width, new_height)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Resize to fit within bounds, maintaining aspect ratio
+      def resize_fit(max_width, max_height, interpolation: :bilinear)
+        raise ArgumentError, "max_width must be positive" unless max_width.positive?
+        raise ArgumentError, "max_height must be positive" unless max_height.positive?
+
+        scale = [max_width.to_f / @width, max_height.to_f / @height].min
+        scale = [scale, 1.0].min # Don't upscale
+        new_width = (@width * scale).round
+        new_height = (@height * scale).round
+        new_width = 1 if new_width < 1
+        new_height = 1 if new_height < 1
+        resize(new_width, new_height, interpolation: interpolation)
+      end
+
+      # Resize to fill exact dimensions, cropping excess (center crop)
+      def resize_fill(fill_width, fill_height, interpolation: :bilinear)
+        raise ArgumentError, "width must be positive" unless fill_width.positive?
+        raise ArgumentError, "height must be positive" unless fill_height.positive?
+
+        scale = [fill_width.to_f / @width, fill_height.to_f / @height].max
+        scaled_w = (@width * scale).round
+        scaled_h = (@height * scale).round
+        scaled_w = 1 if scaled_w < 1
+        scaled_h = 1 if scaled_h < 1
+
+        scaled = resize(scaled_w, scaled_h, interpolation: interpolation)
+
+        # Center crop
+        crop_x = (scaled_w - fill_width) / 2
+        crop_y = (scaled_h - fill_height) / 2
+        scaled.crop(crop_x, crop_y, fill_width, fill_height)
+      end
+
+      # Crop a region from the image
+      def crop(x, y, w, h)
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: w * h * 3)
+        h.times do |row|
+          src_offset = (((y + row) * @width) + x) * 3
+          out << @pixels.byteslice(src_offset, w * 3)
+        end
+        Image.new(w, h, out)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def resize_nearest(new_width, new_height)
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: new_width * new_height * 3)
+        x_ratio = @width.to_f / new_width
+        y_ratio = @height.to_f / new_height
+
+        new_height.times do |y|
+          src_y = (y * y_ratio).to_i
+          src_y = @height - 1 if src_y >= @height
+          new_width.times do |x|
+            src_x = (x * x_ratio).to_i
+            src_x = @width - 1 if src_x >= @width
+            offset = ((src_y * @width) + src_x) * 3
+            out << @pixels.byteslice(offset, 3)
+          end
+        end
+
+        Image.new(new_width, new_height, out)
+      end
+
+      def resize_bilinear(new_width, new_height)
+        out = String.new(encoding: Encoding::BINARY, capacity: new_width * new_height * 3)
+        x_ratio = (@width - 1).to_f / [new_width - 1, 1].max
+        y_ratio = (@height - 1).to_f / [new_height - 1, 1].max
+
+        new_height.times do |y|
+          src_y = y * y_ratio
+          y0 = src_y.to_i
+          y1 = [y0 + 1, @height - 1].min
+          y_frac = src_y - y0
+
+          new_width.times do |x|
+            src_x = x * x_ratio
+            x0 = src_x.to_i
+            x1 = [x0 + 1, @width - 1].min
+            x_frac = src_x - x0
+
+            off00 = ((y0 * @width) + x0) * 3
+            off10 = ((y0 * @width) + x1) * 3
+            off01 = ((y1 * @width) + x0) * 3
+            off11 = ((y1 * @width) + x1) * 3
+
+            3.times do |c|
+              v00 = @pixels.getbyte(off00 + c)
+              v10 = @pixels.getbyte(off10 + c)
+              v01 = @pixels.getbyte(off01 + c)
+              v11 = @pixels.getbyte(off11 + c)
+
+              val = (v00 * (1 - x_frac) * (1 - y_frac)) +
+                    (v10 * x_frac * (1 - y_frac)) +
+                    (v01 * (1 - x_frac) * y_frac) +
+                    (v11 * x_frac * y_frac)
+
+              val = val.round
+              val = 0 if val.negative?
+              val = 255 if val > 255
+              out << val.chr
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        Image.new(new_width, new_height, out)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/pura/bmp/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Pura
+  module Bmp
+    VERSION = "0.1.0"
+  end
+end

data/lib/pura-bmp.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "pura/bmp/version"
+require_relative "pura/bmp/image"
+require_relative "pura/bmp/decoder"
+require_relative "pura/bmp/encoder"
+
+module Pura
+  module Bmp
+    def self.decode(input)
+      Decoder.decode(input)
+    end
+
+    def self.encode(image, output_path)
+      Encoder.encode(image, output_path)
+    end
+  end
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: pura-bmp
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.1.0
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- komagata
+bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+date: 1980-01-02 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: minitest
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '5.0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '5.0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '13.0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '13.0'
+description: A pure Ruby BMP decoder and encoder with zero C extension dependencies.
+  Supports 1/4/8/24/32-bit color depths, RLE8 compression, and both bottom-up and
+  top-down storage.
+executables:
+- pura-bmp
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- README.md
+- bin/pura-bmp
+- lib/pura-bmp.rb
+- lib/pura/bmp/decoder.rb
+- lib/pura/bmp/encoder.rb
+- lib/pura/bmp/image.rb
+- lib/pura/bmp/version.rb
+homepage: https://github.com/komagata/pure-bmp
+licenses:
+- MIT
+metadata: {}
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: 3.0.0
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubygems_version: 3.6.9
+specification_version: 4
+summary: Pure Ruby BMP decoder/encoder
+test_files: []