puppet 0.25.0 → 0.25.1

data/lib/puppet/external/pson/common.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+require 'puppet/external/pson/version'
+
+module PSON
+  class << self
+    # If _object_ is string-like parse the string and return the parsed result
+    # as a Ruby data structure. Otherwise generate a PSON text from the Ruby
+    # data structure object and return it.
+    #
+    # The _opts_ argument is passed through to generate/parse respectively, see
+    # generate and parse for their documentation.
+    def [](object, opts = {})
+      if object.respond_to? :to_str
+        PSON.parse(object.to_str, opts => {})
+      else
+        PSON.generate(object, opts => {})
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns the PSON parser class, that is used by PSON. This might be either
+    # PSON::Ext::Parser or PSON::Pure::Parser.
+    attr_reader :parser
+
+    # Set the PSON parser class _parser_ to be used by PSON.
+    def parser=(parser) # :nodoc:
+      @parser = parser
+      remove_const :Parser if const_defined? :Parser
+      const_set :Parser, parser
+    end
+
+    def registered_document_types
+        @registered_document_types ||= {}
+    end
+
+    # Register a class-constant for deserializaion.
+    def register_document_type(name,klass)
+        registered_document_types[name.to_s] = klass        
+    end
+
+    # Return the constant located at _path_. 
+    # Anything may be registered as a path by calling register_path, above.
+    # Otherwise, the format of _path_ has to be either ::A::B::C or A::B::C. 
+    # In either of these cases A has to be defined in Object (e.g. the path
+    # must be an absolute namespace path.  If the constant doesn't exist at
+    # the given path, an ArgumentError is raised.
+    def deep_const_get(path) # :nodoc:
+      path = path.to_s
+      registered_document_types[path] || path.split(/::/).inject(Object) do |p, c|
+        case
+        when c.empty?             then p
+        when p.const_defined?(c)  then p.const_get(c)
+        else                      raise ArgumentError, "can't find const #{path}"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Set the module _generator_ to be used by PSON.
+    def generator=(generator) # :nodoc:
+      @generator = generator
+      generator_methods = generator::GeneratorMethods
+      for const in generator_methods.constants
+        klass = deep_const_get(const)
+        modul = generator_methods.const_get(const)
+        klass.class_eval do
+          instance_methods(false).each do |m|
+            m.to_s == 'to_pson' and remove_method m
+          end
+          include modul
+        end
+      end
+      self.state = generator::State
+      const_set :State, self.state
+    end
+
+    # Returns the PSON generator modul, that is used by PSON. This might be
+    # either PSON::Ext::Generator or PSON::Pure::Generator.
+    attr_reader :generator
+
+    # Returns the PSON generator state class, that is used by PSON. This might
+    # be either PSON::Ext::Generator::State or PSON::Pure::Generator::State.
+    attr_accessor :state
+
+    # This is create identifier, that is used to decide, if the _pson_create_
+    # hook of a class should be called. It defaults to 'document_type'.
+    attr_accessor :create_id
+  end
+  self.create_id = 'document_type'
+
+  NaN           = (-1.0) ** 0.5
+
+  Infinity      = 1.0/0
+
+  MinusInfinity = -Infinity
+
+  # The base exception for PSON errors.
+  class PSONError < StandardError; end
+
+  # This exception is raised, if a parser error occurs.
+  class ParserError < PSONError; end
+
+  # This exception is raised, if the nesting of parsed datastructures is too
+  # deep.
+  class NestingError < ParserError; end
+
+  # This exception is raised, if a generator or unparser error occurs.
+  class GeneratorError < PSONError; end
+  # For backwards compatibility
+  UnparserError = GeneratorError
+
+  # If a circular data structure is encountered while unparsing
+  # this exception is raised.
+  class CircularDatastructure < GeneratorError; end
+
+  # This exception is raised, if the required unicode support is missing on the
+  # system. Usually this means, that the iconv library is not installed.
+  class MissingUnicodeSupport < PSONError; end
+
+  module_function
+
+  # Parse the PSON string _source_ into a Ruby data structure and return it.
+  #
+  # _opts_ can have the following
+  # keys:
+  # * *max_nesting*: The maximum depth of nesting allowed in the parsed data
+  #   structures. Disable depth checking with :max_nesting => false, it defaults
+  #   to 19.
+  # * *allow_nan*: If set to true, allow NaN, Infinity and -Infinity in
+  #   defiance of RFC 4627 to be parsed by the Parser. This option defaults
+  #   to false.
+  # * *create_additions*: If set to false, the Parser doesn't create
+  #   additions even if a matchin class and create_id was found. This option
+  #   defaults to true.
+  def parse(source, opts = {})
+    PSON.parser.new(source, opts).parse
+  end
+
+  # Parse the PSON string _source_ into a Ruby data structure and return it.
+  # The bang version of the parse method, defaults to the more dangerous values
+  # for the _opts_ hash, so be sure only to parse trusted _source_ strings.
+  #
+  # _opts_ can have the following keys:
+  # * *max_nesting*: The maximum depth of nesting allowed in the parsed data
+  #   structures. Enable depth checking with :max_nesting => anInteger. The parse!
+  #   methods defaults to not doing max depth checking: This can be dangerous,
+  #   if someone wants to fill up your stack.
+  # * *allow_nan*: If set to true, allow NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity in
+  #   defiance of RFC 4627 to be parsed by the Parser. This option defaults
+  #   to true.
+  # * *create_additions*: If set to false, the Parser doesn't create
+  #   additions even if a matchin class and create_id was found. This option
+  #   defaults to true.
+  def parse!(source, opts = {})
+    opts = {
+      :max_nesting => false,
+      :allow_nan => true
+    }.update(opts)
+    PSON.parser.new(source, opts).parse
+  end
+
+  # Unparse the Ruby data structure _obj_ into a single line PSON string and
+  # return it. _state_ is
+  # * a PSON::State object,
+  # * or a Hash like object (responding to to_hash),
+  # * an object convertible into a hash by a to_h method,
+  # that is used as or to configure a State object.
+  #
+  # It defaults to a state object, that creates the shortest possible PSON text
+  # in one line, checks for circular data structures and doesn't allow NaN,
+  # Infinity, and -Infinity.
+  #
+  # A _state_ hash can have the following keys:
+  # * *indent*: a string used to indent levels (default: ''),
+  # * *space*: a string that is put after, a : or , delimiter (default: ''),
+  # * *space_before*: a string that is put before a : pair delimiter (default: ''),
+  # * *object_nl*: a string that is put at the end of a PSON object (default: ''), 
+  # * *array_nl*: a string that is put at the end of a PSON array (default: ''),
+  # * *check_circular*: true if checking for circular data structures
+  #   should be done (the default), false otherwise.
+  # * *allow_nan*: true if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be
+  #   generated, otherwise an exception is thrown, if these values are
+  #   encountered. This options defaults to false.
+  # * *max_nesting*: The maximum depth of nesting allowed in the data
+  #   structures from which PSON is to be generated. Disable depth checking
+  #   with :max_nesting => false, it defaults to 19.
+  #
+  # See also the fast_generate for the fastest creation method with the least
+  # amount of sanity checks, and the pretty_generate method for some
+  # defaults for a pretty output.
+  def generate(obj, state = nil)
+    if state
+      state = State.from_state(state)
+    else
+      state = State.new
+    end
+    obj.to_pson(state)
+  end
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+  # I want to deprecate these later, so I'll first be silent about them, and
+  # later delete them.
+  alias unparse generate
+  module_function :unparse
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  # Unparse the Ruby data structure _obj_ into a single line PSON string and
+  # return it. This method disables the checks for circles in Ruby objects, and
+  # also generates NaN, Infinity, and, -Infinity float values.
+  #
+  # *WARNING*: Be careful not to pass any Ruby data structures with circles as
+  # _obj_ argument, because this will cause PSON to go into an infinite loop.
+  def fast_generate(obj)
+    obj.to_pson(nil)
+  end
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+  # I want to deprecate these later, so I'll first be silent about them, and later delete them.
+  alias fast_unparse fast_generate
+  module_function :fast_unparse
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  # Unparse the Ruby data structure _obj_ into a PSON string and return it. The
+  # returned string is a prettier form of the string returned by #unparse.
+  #
+  # The _opts_ argument can be used to configure the generator, see the
+  # generate method for a more detailed explanation.
+  def pretty_generate(obj, opts = nil)
+    state = PSON.state.new(
+      :indent     => '  ',
+      :space      => ' ',
+      :object_nl  => "\n",
+      :array_nl   => "\n",
+      :check_circular => true
+    )
+    if opts
+      if opts.respond_to? :to_hash
+        opts = opts.to_hash
+      elsif opts.respond_to? :to_h
+        opts = opts.to_h
+      else
+        raise TypeError, "can't convert #{opts.class} into Hash"
+      end
+      state.configure(opts)
+    end
+    obj.to_pson(state)
+  end
+
+  # :stopdoc:
+  # I want to deprecate these later, so I'll first be silent about them, and later delete them.
+  alias pretty_unparse pretty_generate
+  module_function :pretty_unparse
+  # :startdoc:
+
+  # Load a ruby data structure from a PSON _source_ and return it. A source can
+  # either be a string-like object, an IO like object, or an object responding
+  # to the read method. If _proc_ was given, it will be called with any nested
+  # Ruby object as an argument recursively in depth first order.
+  #
+  # This method is part of the implementation of the load/dump interface of
+  # Marshal and YAML.
+  def load(source, proc = nil)
+    if source.respond_to? :to_str
+      source = source.to_str
+    elsif source.respond_to? :to_io
+      source = source.to_io.read
+    else
+      source = source.read
+    end
+    result = parse(source, :max_nesting => false, :allow_nan => true)
+    recurse_proc(result, &proc) if proc
+    result
+  end
+
+  def recurse_proc(result, &proc)
+    case result
+    when Array
+      result.each { |x| recurse_proc x, &proc }
+      proc.call result
+    when Hash
+      result.each { |x, y| recurse_proc x, &proc; recurse_proc y, &proc }
+      proc.call result
+    else
+      proc.call result
+    end
+  end
+  private :recurse_proc
+  module_function :recurse_proc
+
+  alias restore load
+  module_function :restore
+
+  # Dumps _obj_ as a PSON string, i.e. calls generate on the object and returns
+  # the result.
+  #
+  # If anIO (an IO like object or an object that responds to the write method)
+  # was given, the resulting PSON is written to it.
+  #
+  # If the number of nested arrays or objects exceeds _limit_ an ArgumentError
+  # exception is raised. This argument is similar (but not exactly the
+  # same!) to the _limit_ argument in Marshal.dump.
+  #
+  # This method is part of the implementation of the load/dump interface of
+  # Marshal and YAML.
+  def dump(obj, anIO = nil, limit = nil)
+    if anIO and limit.nil?
+      anIO = anIO.to_io if anIO.respond_to?(:to_io)
+      unless anIO.respond_to?(:write)
+        limit = anIO
+        anIO = nil
+      end
+    end
+    limit ||= 0
+    result = generate(obj, :allow_nan => true, :max_nesting => limit)
+    if anIO
+      anIO.write result
+      anIO
+    else
+      result
+    end
+  rescue PSON::NestingError
+    raise ArgumentError, "exceed depth limit"
+  end
+end
+
+module ::Kernel
+  private
+
+  # Outputs _objs_ to STDOUT as PSON strings in the shortest form, that is in
+  # one line.
+  def j(*objs)
+    objs.each do |obj|
+      puts PSON::generate(obj, :allow_nan => true, :max_nesting => false)
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+
+  # Ouputs _objs_ to STDOUT as PSON strings in a pretty format, with
+  # indentation and over many lines.
+  def jj(*objs)
+    objs.each do |obj|
+      puts PSON::pretty_generate(obj, :allow_nan => true, :max_nesting => false)
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+
+  # If _object_ is string-like parse the string and return the parsed result as
+  # a Ruby data structure. Otherwise generate a PSON text from the Ruby data
+  # structure object and return it.
+  #
+  # The _opts_ argument is passed through to generate/parse respectively, see
+  # generate and parse for their documentation.
+  def PSON(object, opts = {})
+    if object.respond_to? :to_str
+      PSON.parse(object.to_str, opts)
+    else
+      PSON.generate(object, opts)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class ::Class
+  # Returns true, if this class can be used to create an instance
+  # from a serialised PSON string. The class has to implement a class
+  # method _pson_create_ that expects a hash as first parameter, which includes
+  # the required data.
+  def pson_creatable?
+    respond_to?(:pson_create)
+  end
+end

data/lib/puppet/external/pson/pure.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+require 'puppet/external/pson/common'
+require 'puppet/external/pson/pure/parser'
+require 'puppet/external/pson/pure/generator'
+
+module PSON
+  begin
+    require 'iconv'
+    # An iconv instance to convert from UTF8 to UTF16 Big Endian.
+    UTF16toUTF8 = Iconv.new('utf-8', 'utf-16be') # :nodoc:
+    # An iconv instance to convert from UTF16 Big Endian to UTF8.
+    UTF8toUTF16 = Iconv.new('utf-16be', 'utf-8') # :nodoc:
+    UTF8toUTF16.iconv('no bom')
+  rescue LoadError
+    raise MissingUnicodeSupport,
+      "iconv couldn't be loaded, which is required for UTF-8/UTF-16 conversions"
+  rescue Errno::EINVAL, Iconv::InvalidEncoding
+    # Iconv doesn't support big endian utf-16. Let's try to hack this manually
+    # into the converters.
+    begin
+      old_verbose, $VERBSOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
+      # An iconv instance to convert from UTF8 to UTF16 Big Endian.
+      UTF16toUTF8 = Iconv.new('utf-8', 'utf-16') # :nodoc:
+      # An iconv instance to convert from UTF16 Big Endian to UTF8.
+      UTF8toUTF16 = Iconv.new('utf-16', 'utf-8') # :nodoc:
+      UTF8toUTF16.iconv('no bom')
+      if UTF8toUTF16.iconv("\xe2\x82\xac") == "\xac\x20"
+        swapper = Class.new do
+          def initialize(iconv) # :nodoc:
+            @iconv = iconv
+          end
+
+          def iconv(string) # :nodoc:
+            result = @iconv.iconv(string)
+            PSON.swap!(result)
+          end
+        end
+        UTF8toUTF16 = swapper.new(UTF8toUTF16) # :nodoc:
+      end
+      if UTF16toUTF8.iconv("\xac\x20") == "\xe2\x82\xac"
+        swapper = Class.new do
+          def initialize(iconv) # :nodoc:
+            @iconv = iconv
+          end
+
+          def iconv(string) # :nodoc:
+            string = PSON.swap!(string.dup)
+            @iconv.iconv(string)
+          end
+        end
+        UTF16toUTF8 = swapper.new(UTF16toUTF8) # :nodoc:
+      end
+    rescue Errno::EINVAL, Iconv::InvalidEncoding
+      raise MissingUnicodeSupport, "iconv doesn't seem to support UTF-8/UTF-16 conversions"
+    ensure
+      $VERBOSE = old_verbose
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Swap consecutive bytes of _string_ in place.
+  def self.swap!(string) # :nodoc:
+    0.upto(string.size / 2) do |i|
+      break unless string[2 * i + 1]
+      string[2 * i], string[2 * i + 1] = string[2 * i + 1], string[2 * i]
+    end
+    string
+  end
+
+  # This module holds all the modules/classes that implement PSON's
+  # functionality in pure ruby.
+  module Pure
+    $DEBUG and warn "Using pure library for PSON."
+    PSON.parser = Parser
+    PSON.generator = Generator
+  end
+
+  PSON_LOADED = true
+end

data/lib/puppet/external/pson/pure/generator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+module PSON
+  MAP = {
+    "\x0" => '\u0000',
+    "\x1" => '\u0001',
+    "\x2" => '\u0002',
+    "\x3" => '\u0003',
+    "\x4" => '\u0004',
+    "\x5" => '\u0005',
+    "\x6" => '\u0006',
+    "\x7" => '\u0007',
+    "\b"  =>  '\b',
+    "\t"  =>  '\t',
+    "\n"  =>  '\n',
+    "\xb" => '\u000b',
+    "\f"  =>  '\f',
+    "\r"  =>  '\r',
+    "\xe" => '\u000e',
+    "\xf" => '\u000f',
+    "\x10" => '\u0010',
+    "\x11" => '\u0011',
+    "\x12" => '\u0012',
+    "\x13" => '\u0013',
+    "\x14" => '\u0014',
+    "\x15" => '\u0015',
+    "\x16" => '\u0016',
+    "\x17" => '\u0017',
+    "\x18" => '\u0018',
+    "\x19" => '\u0019',
+    "\x1a" => '\u001a',
+    "\x1b" => '\u001b',
+    "\x1c" => '\u001c',
+    "\x1d" => '\u001d',
+    "\x1e" => '\u001e',
+    "\x1f" => '\u001f',
+    '"'   =>  '\"',
+    '\\'  =>  '\\\\',
+  } # :nodoc:
+
+  # Convert a UTF8 encoded Ruby string _string_ to a PSON string, encoded with
+  # UTF16 big endian characters as \u????, and return it.
+  if String.method_defined?(:force_encoding)
+    def utf8_to_pson(string) # :nodoc:
+      string = string.dup
+      string << '' # XXX workaround: avoid buffer sharing
+      string.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT)
+      string.gsub!(/["\\\x0-\x1f]/) { MAP[$&] }
+      string.gsub!(/(
+                      (?:
+                        [\xc2-\xdf][\x80-\xbf]    |
+                        [\xe0-\xef][\x80-\xbf]{2} |
+                        [\xf0-\xf4][\x80-\xbf]{3}
+                      )+ |
+                      [\x80-\xc1\xf5-\xff]       # invalid
+                    )/nx) { |c|
+                      c.size == 1 and raise GeneratorError, "invalid utf8 byte: '#{c}'"
+                      s = PSON::UTF8toUTF16.iconv(c).unpack('H*')[0]
+                      s.gsub!(/.{4}/n, '\\\\u\&')
+                    }
+      string.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      string
+    rescue Iconv::Failure => e
+      raise GeneratorError, "Caught #{e.class}: #{e}"
+    end
+  else
+    def utf8_to_pson(string) # :nodoc:
+      string = string.gsub(/["\\\x0-\x1f]/) { MAP[$&] }
+      string.gsub!(/(
+                      (?:
+                        [\xc2-\xdf][\x80-\xbf]    |
+                        [\xe0-\xef][\x80-\xbf]{2} |
+                        [\xf0-\xf4][\x80-\xbf]{3}
+                      )+ |
+                      [\x80-\xc1\xf5-\xff]       # invalid
+                    )/nx) { |c|
+        c.size == 1 and raise GeneratorError, "invalid utf8 byte: '#{c}'"
+        s = PSON::UTF8toUTF16.iconv(c).unpack('H*')[0]
+        s.gsub!(/.{4}/n, '\\\\u\&')
+      }
+      string
+    rescue Iconv::Failure => e
+      raise GeneratorError, "Caught #{e.class}: #{e}"
+    end
+  end
+  module_function :utf8_to_pson
+
+  module Pure
+    module Generator
+      # This class is used to create State instances, that are use to hold data
+      # while generating a PSON text from a a Ruby data structure.
+      class State
+        # Creates a State object from _opts_, which ought to be Hash to create
+        # a new State instance configured by _opts_, something else to create
+        # an unconfigured instance. If _opts_ is a State object, it is just
+        # returned.
+        def self.from_state(opts)
+          case opts
+          when self
+            opts
+          when Hash
+            new(opts)
+          else
+            new
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Instantiates a new State object, configured by _opts_.
+        #
+        # _opts_ can have the following keys:
+        #
+        # * *indent*: a string used to indent levels (default: ''),
+        # * *space*: a string that is put after, a : or , delimiter (default: ''),
+        # * *space_before*: a string that is put before a : pair delimiter (default: ''),
+        # * *object_nl*: a string that is put at the end of a PSON object (default: ''), 
+        # * *array_nl*: a string that is put at the end of a PSON array (default: ''),
+        # * *check_circular*: true if checking for circular data structures
+        #   should be done (the default), false otherwise.
+        # * *check_circular*: true if checking for circular data structures
+        #   should be done, false (the default) otherwise.
+        # * *allow_nan*: true if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be
+        #   generated, otherwise an exception is thrown, if these values are
+        #   encountered. This options defaults to false.
+        def initialize(opts = {})
+          @seen = {}
+          @indent         = ''
+          @space          = ''
+          @space_before   = ''
+          @object_nl      = ''
+          @array_nl       = ''
+          @check_circular = true
+          @allow_nan      = false
+          configure opts
+        end
+
+        # This string is used to indent levels in the PSON text.
+        attr_accessor :indent
+
+        # This string is used to insert a space between the tokens in a PSON
+        # string.
+        attr_accessor :space
+
+        # This string is used to insert a space before the ':' in PSON objects.
+        attr_accessor :space_before
+
+        # This string is put at the end of a line that holds a PSON object (or
+        # Hash).
+        attr_accessor :object_nl
+
+        # This string is put at the end of a line that holds a PSON array.
+        attr_accessor :array_nl
+
+        # This integer returns the maximum level of data structure nesting in
+        # the generated PSON, max_nesting = 0 if no maximum is checked.
+        attr_accessor :max_nesting
+
+        def check_max_nesting(depth) # :nodoc:
+          return if @max_nesting.zero?
+          current_nesting = depth + 1
+          current_nesting > @max_nesting and
+            raise NestingError, "nesting of #{current_nesting} is too deep"
+        end
+
+        # Returns true, if circular data structures should be checked,
+        # otherwise returns false.
+        def check_circular?
+          @check_circular
+        end
+
+        # Returns true if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be considered as
+        # valid PSON and output.
+        def allow_nan?
+          @allow_nan
+        end
+
+        # Returns _true_, if _object_ was already seen during this generating
+        # run. 
+        def seen?(object)
+          @seen.key?(object.__id__)
+        end
+
+        # Remember _object_, to find out if it was already encountered (if a
+        # cyclic data structure is if a cyclic data structure is rendered). 
+        def remember(object)
+          @seen[object.__id__] = true
+        end
+
+        # Forget _object_ for this generating run.
+        def forget(object)
+          @seen.delete object.__id__
+        end
+
+        # Configure this State instance with the Hash _opts_, and return
+        # itself.
+        def configure(opts)
+          @indent         = opts[:indent] if opts.key?(:indent)
+          @space          = opts[:space] if opts.key?(:space)
+          @space_before   = opts[:space_before] if opts.key?(:space_before)
+          @object_nl      = opts[:object_nl] if opts.key?(:object_nl)
+          @array_nl       = opts[:array_nl] if opts.key?(:array_nl)
+          @check_circular = !!opts[:check_circular] if opts.key?(:check_circular)
+          @allow_nan      = !!opts[:allow_nan] if opts.key?(:allow_nan)
+          if !opts.key?(:max_nesting) # defaults to 19
+            @max_nesting = 19
+          elsif opts[:max_nesting]
+            @max_nesting = opts[:max_nesting]
+          else
+            @max_nesting = 0
+          end
+          self
+        end
+
+        # Returns the configuration instance variables as a hash, that can be
+        # passed to the configure method.
+        def to_h
+          result = {}
+          for iv in %w[indent space space_before object_nl array_nl check_circular allow_nan max_nesting]
+            result[iv.intern] = instance_variable_get("@#{iv}")
+          end
+          result
+        end
+      end
+
+      module GeneratorMethods
+        module Object
+          # Converts this object to a string (calling #to_s), converts
+          # it to a PSON string, and returns the result. This is a fallback, if no
+          # special method #to_pson was defined for some object.
+          def to_pson(*) to_s.to_pson end
+        end
+
+        module Hash
+          # Returns a PSON string containing a PSON object, that is unparsed from
+          # this Hash instance.
+          # _state_ is a PSON::State object, that can also be used to configure the
+          # produced PSON string output further.
+          # _depth_ is used to find out nesting depth, to indent accordingly.
+          def to_pson(state = nil, depth = 0, *)
+            if state
+              state = PSON.state.from_state(state)
+              state.check_max_nesting(depth)
+              pson_check_circular(state) { pson_transform(state, depth) }
+            else
+              pson_transform(state, depth)
+            end
+          end
+
+          private
+
+          def pson_check_circular(state)
+            if state and state.check_circular?
+              state.seen?(self) and raise PSON::CircularDatastructure,
+                  "circular data structures not supported!"
+              state.remember self
+            end
+            yield
+          ensure
+            state and state.forget self
+          end
+
+          def pson_shift(state, depth)
+            state and not state.object_nl.empty? or return ''
+            state.indent * depth
+          end
+
+          def pson_transform(state, depth)
+            delim = ','
+            if state
+              delim << state.object_nl
+              result = '{'
+              result << state.object_nl
+              result << map { |key,value|
+                s = pson_shift(state, depth + 1)
+                s << key.to_s.to_pson(state, depth + 1)
+                s << state.space_before
+                s << ':'
+                s << state.space
+                s << value.to_pson(state, depth + 1)
+              }.join(delim)
+              result << state.object_nl
+              result << pson_shift(state, depth)
+              result << '}'
+            else
+              result = '{'
+              result << map { |key,value|
+                key.to_s.to_pson << ':' << value.to_pson
+              }.join(delim)
+              result << '}'
+            end
+            result
+          end
+        end
+
+        module Array
+          # Returns a PSON string containing a PSON array, that is unparsed from
+          # this Array instance.
+          # _state_ is a PSON::State object, that can also be used to configure the
+          # produced PSON string output further.
+          # _depth_ is used to find out nesting depth, to indent accordingly.
+          def to_pson(state = nil, depth = 0, *)
+            if state
+              state = PSON.state.from_state(state)
+              state.check_max_nesting(depth)
+              pson_check_circular(state) { pson_transform(state, depth) }
+            else
+              pson_transform(state, depth)
+            end
+          end
+
+          private
+
+          def pson_check_circular(state)
+            if state and state.check_circular?
+              state.seen?(self) and raise PSON::CircularDatastructure,
+                "circular data structures not supported!"
+              state.remember self
+            end
+            yield
+          ensure
+            state and state.forget self
+          end
+
+          def pson_shift(state, depth)
+            state and not state.array_nl.empty? or return ''
+            state.indent * depth
+          end
+
+          def pson_transform(state, depth)
+            delim = ','
+            if state
+              delim << state.array_nl
+              result = '['
+              result << state.array_nl
+              result << map { |value|
+                pson_shift(state, depth + 1) << value.to_pson(state, depth + 1)
+              }.join(delim)
+              result << state.array_nl
+              result << pson_shift(state, depth) 
+              result << ']'
+            else
+              '[' << map { |value| value.to_pson }.join(delim) << ']'
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        module Integer
+          # Returns a PSON string representation for this Integer number.
+          def to_pson(*) to_s end
+        end
+
+        module Float
+          # Returns a PSON string representation for this Float number.
+          def to_pson(state = nil, *)
+            case
+            when infinite?
+              if !state || state.allow_nan?
+                to_s
+              else
+                raise GeneratorError, "#{self} not allowed in PSON"
+              end
+            when nan?
+              if !state || state.allow_nan?
+                to_s
+              else
+                raise GeneratorError, "#{self} not allowed in PSON"
+              end
+            else
+              to_s
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        module String
+          # This string should be encoded with UTF-8 A call to this method
+          # returns a PSON string encoded with UTF16 big endian characters as
+          # \u????.
+          def to_pson(*)
+            '"' << PSON.utf8_to_pson(self) << '"'
+          end
+
+          # Module that holds the extinding methods if, the String module is
+          # included.
+          module Extend
+            # Raw Strings are PSON Objects (the raw bytes are stored in an array for the
+            # key "raw"). The Ruby String can be created by this module method.
+            def pson_create(o)
+              o['raw'].pack('C*')
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Extends _modul_ with the String::Extend module.
+          def self.included(modul)
+            modul.extend Extend
+          end
+
+          # This method creates a raw object hash, that can be nested into
+          # other data structures and will be unparsed as a raw string. This
+          # method should be used, if you want to convert raw strings to PSON
+          # instead of UTF-8 strings, e. g. binary data.
+          def to_pson_raw_object
+            {
+              PSON.create_id  => self.class.name,
+              'raw'           => self.unpack('C*'),
+            }
+          end
+
+          # This method creates a PSON text from the result of
+          # a call to to_pson_raw_object of this String.
+          def to_pson_raw(*args)
+            to_pson_raw_object.to_pson(*args)
+          end
+        end
+
+        module TrueClass
+          # Returns a PSON string for true: 'true'.
+          def to_pson(*) 'true' end
+        end
+
+        module FalseClass
+          # Returns a PSON string for false: 'false'.
+          def to_pson(*) 'false' end
+        end
+
+        module NilClass
+          # Returns a PSON string for nil: 'null'.
+          def to_pson(*) 'null' end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end