puma 6.6.1 → 7.2.0
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- checksums.yaml +4 -4
- data/History.md +224 -4
- data/README.md +34 -34
- data/docs/deployment.md +58 -23
- data/docs/fork_worker.md +5 -5
- data/docs/jungle/README.md +1 -1
- data/docs/kubernetes.md +11 -16
- data/docs/plugins.md +2 -2
- data/docs/restart.md +2 -2
- data/docs/signals.md +19 -19
- data/docs/stats.md +4 -3
- data/docs/systemd.md +3 -3
- data/ext/puma_http11/extconf.rb +2 -17
- data/ext/puma_http11/mini_ssl.c +18 -8
- data/ext/puma_http11/org/jruby/puma/Http11.java +9 -1
- data/ext/puma_http11/puma_http11.c +122 -118
- data/lib/puma/app/status.rb +10 -2
- data/lib/puma/binder.rb +10 -8
- data/lib/puma/cli.rb +3 -5
- data/lib/puma/client.rb +52 -56
- data/lib/puma/cluster/worker.rb +17 -17
- data/lib/puma/cluster/worker_handle.rb +38 -7
- data/lib/puma/cluster.rb +23 -23
- data/lib/puma/cluster_accept_loop_delay.rb +91 -0
- data/lib/puma/commonlogger.rb +3 -3
- data/lib/puma/configuration.rb +104 -51
- data/lib/puma/const.rb +9 -10
- data/lib/puma/control_cli.rb +6 -2
- data/lib/puma/detect.rb +2 -0
- data/lib/puma/dsl.rb +149 -91
- data/lib/puma/error_logger.rb +3 -1
- data/lib/puma/events.rb +25 -10
- data/lib/puma/io_buffer.rb +8 -4
- data/lib/puma/launcher/bundle_pruner.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/puma/launcher.rb +54 -49
- data/lib/puma/minissl.rb +0 -1
- data/lib/puma/plugin/systemd.rb +3 -3
- data/lib/puma/rack/urlmap.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/puma/reactor.rb +19 -13
- data/lib/puma/request.rb +42 -31
- data/lib/puma/runner.rb +9 -18
- data/lib/puma/server.rb +114 -64
- data/lib/puma/single.rb +6 -3
- data/lib/puma/state_file.rb +3 -2
- data/lib/puma/thread_pool.rb +47 -82
- data/lib/puma/util.rb +0 -7
- data/lib/puma.rb +10 -0
- data/lib/rack/handler/puma.rb +2 -2
- data/tools/Dockerfile +13 -5
- metadata +6 -5
- data/ext/puma_http11/ext_help.h +0 -15
checksums.yaml
CHANGED
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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---
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SHA256:
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metadata.gz:
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data.tar.gz:
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metadata.gz: cf20ee32c008736a0ecf6072333f9204d0845fe98c65de34cafed9d6cbcbf407
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data.tar.gz: 8dc8d19a8648c5db1f64ae0f84e5c97c0db890fa92183fbb6372ae209e56f449
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SHA512:
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metadata.gz:
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data.tar.gz:
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metadata.gz: 18033fd5ca12182ac421125433082f1b919deb43abc3a525c45db1d256c65e557feb273e785798d3606fd12638140ba1fba2e3189a2ca70855f59c074ba63ea4
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data.tar.gz: 6c6bad3a44ad2aaefde1a7d4aab2d50dcdb7d10333f2efa05cf0031aaa4ad702226b8038155fe78b2689e7e38b51fb8bcd26c3d643f3a1b1bbcdb9293f65d16c
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data/History.md
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@@ -1,3 +1,137 @@
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## 7.2.0 / 2026-01-20
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* Features
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* Add workers `:auto` ([#3827])
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* Make it possible to restrict control server commands to stats ([#3787])
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* Bugfixes
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* Don't break if `WEB_CONCURRENCY` is set to a blank string ([#3837])
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* Don't share server between worker 0 and descendants on refork ([#3602])
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* Fix phase check race condition in `Puma::Cluster#check_workers` ([#3690])
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* Fix advertising of CLI config before config files are loaded ([#3823])
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* Performance
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* 17% faster HTTP parsing through pre-interning env keys ([#3825])
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* Implement `dsize` and `dcompact` functions for `Puma::HttpParser`, which makes Puma's C-extension GC-compactible ([#3828])
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* Refactor
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* Remove `NoMethodError` rescue in `Reactor#select_loop` ([#3831])
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* Various cleanups in the C extension ([#3814])
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* Monomorphize `handle_request` return ([#3802])
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* Docs
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* Change link to `docs/deployment.md` in `README.md` ([#3848])
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* Fix formatting for each signal description in signals.md ([#3813])
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* Update deployment and Kubernetes docs with Puma configuration tips ([#3807])
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* Rename master to main ([#3809], [#3808], [#3800])
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* Fix some minor typos in the docs ([#3804])
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* Add `GOVERNANCE.md`, `MAINTAINERS` ([#3826])
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* Remove Code Climate badge ([#3820])
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* Add @joshuay03 to the maintainer list
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* CI
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* Use Minitest 6 where applicable ([#3859])
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* Many test suite improvements and flake fixes ([#3861], [#3863], [#3860], [#3852], [#3857], [#3856], [#3845], [#3843], [#3842], [#3841], [#3822], [#3817], [#3764])
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## 7.1.0 / 2025-10-16
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* Features
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* Introduce `after_worker_shutdown` hook ([#3707])
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* Reintroduce keepalive "fast inline" behavior. Provides faster (8x on JRuby & 1.4x on Ruby) pipeline processing ([#3794])
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* Bugfixes
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* Skip reading zero bytes when request body is buffered ([#3795])
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* Fix `PUMA_LOG_CONFIG=1` logging twice with prune_bundler enabled ([#3778])
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* Fix prune_bundler not showing in `PUMA_LOG_CONFIG=1` output ([#3779])
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* Guard ThreadPool method call, which may be nil during shutdown ([#3791], [#3790])
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* Set `Thread.current.puma_server` in Thread init code, not every request ([#3774])
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* Fix race condition while deleting pidfile ([#3657])
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## 7.0.4 / 2025-09-23
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* Bugfixes
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* Fix SSL_shutdown error handling ([#3703])
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* Strip whitespace from the beginnings of request header values. ([#3742])
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* Performance
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* puma_http11.c: Use interned UTF-8 strings for hash keys ([#3754])
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* Move sleep cluster logic to its own class ([#3746], [#3740])
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## 7.0.3 / 2025-09-13
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* Performance
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* server.rb - process_client - add ka to todo if readable & complete ([#3748])
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* Bugfixes
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* Convert PUMA_PERSISTENT_TIMEOUT to an Integer ([#3749])
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## 7.0.2 / 2025-09-08
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* Bugfixes
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* bug: control_cli.rb - Fixup `pumactl` code to load puma.rb for `deprecate_method_change` ([#3736], [#3734])
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* Replace sleep spin lock with condition variable ([#3729])
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* Fix Puma not booting if queue_requests disabled ([#3731])
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## 7.0.1 / 2025-09-06
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* Bugfixes
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* Add backward compatibility aliases for Events class methods ([#3725])
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## 7.0.0 / 2025-09-03
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* Breaking changes
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* Set default `max_keep_alive` to 999 ([#3719])
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* Increase `persistent_timeout` default to 65 seconds ([#3378])
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* Raise an ArgumentError if no block given to hooks ([#3377])
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* Don't set env['HTTP_VERSION'] for Rack > 3.1 ([#3711], [#3576])
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* Runner.rb - remove `ruby_engine` method, deprecated Nov-2024 ([#3701])
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* Config `preload_app!` is now the default for clustered mode ([#3297])
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* Config instance must be `clamp`-d before reading any values ([#3297])
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* Response headers set to lowercase ([#3704])
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* Update minimum Ruby version to 3.0 ([#3698])
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* Rename callback hooks ([#3438])
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| Old hook name| New hook name|
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|----------|----------|
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| on_worker_boot | before_worker_boot |
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| on_worker_shutdown | before_worker_shutdown |
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| on_restart | before_restart |
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| on_booted | after_booted |
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| on_stopped | after_stopped |
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| on_refork | before_refork |
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| on_thread_start | before_thread_start |
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| on_thread_exit | before_thread_exit |
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| on_worker_fork | before_worker_fork |
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* Features
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* Fix long tail response problem with keepalive connections ([#3678]) (Previously released in 7.0.0.pre1, this was a high effort change)
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* Introduce support for fiber-per-request. ([#3101])
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* Add support for `rack.response_finished` ([#3681])
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* Feature/support custom logger with request logs ([#3140])
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* Bugfixes
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* Fix error_logger inproperly logging `env[QUERY_STRING]` ([#3713], [#3625])
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* Fix handling of invalid Transfer-Encoding header errors ([#3702])
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* Fix socket leak on monitor wakeup `NoMethodError` in `Reactor#select_loop` ([#3696], [#3695])
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* CI: puma_socket.rb fixup socket/request writes ([#3684])
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* Warn when RUBY_MN_THREADS env var is set ([#3721])
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* Improve the DSL `preload_app!` doc ([#3712])
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* Fix the ability to focus individual tests ([#3705])
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* Set env['rack.hijack'] to client.method(:full_hijack) ([#3073])
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* Performance
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* server.rb - initialize ivars `@reactor` and `@env_set_http_version` ([#3714])
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* Refactor
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* Simplify `Puma::DSL#process_hook` logic ([#3710])
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* Dry up deprecation warnings and fix deprecation warnings when running CI. ([#3709], [#3708])
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* Ensure and enforce that configs are loaded before options are accessed ([#3616])
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## 7.0.0.pre1 / 2025-07-31
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* Changed
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* Fix long tail response problem with keepalive connections ([#3678])
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## 6.6.1 / 2025-07-30
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* Bugfixes
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* Bugfixes
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* Your bugfix goes here <Most recent on the top, like GitHub> (#Github Number)
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[#
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[#3863]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3863 "PR by Nate Berkopec, merged 2026-01-20"
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[#3861]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3861 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2026-01-20"
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[#3860]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3860 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2026-01-16"
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[#3859]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3859 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2026-01-16"
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[#3857]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3857 "PR by Aaron Patterson, merged 2026-01-12"
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[#3856]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3856 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2026-01-12"
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[#3852]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3852 "PR by Miłosz Bieniek, merged 2026-01-14"
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[#3848]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3848 "PR by Miłosz Bieniek, merged 2025-12-27"
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[#3845]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3845 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2025-12-19"
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[#3843]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3843 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2025-12-18"
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[#3842]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3842 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2025-12-18"
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[#3841]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3841 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2025-12-18"
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[#3837]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3837 "PR by John Bachir, merged 2026-01-09"
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[#3833]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3833 "PR by Patrik Ragnarsson, merged 2025-11-25"
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[#3831]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3831 "PR by Joshua Young, merged 2025-11-25"
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[#3828]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3828 "PR by Jean Boussier, merged 2025-11-21"
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[#3827]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3827 "PR by Nate Berkopec, merged 2026-01-20"
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[#3826]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3826 "PR by Nate Berkopec, merged 2026-01-20"
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[#3825]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3825 "PR by Jean Boussier, merged 2025-11-19"
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[#3823]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3823 "PR by Joshua Young, merged 2025-11-18"
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[#3822]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3822 "PR by Nate Berkopec, merged 2025-11-17"
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[#3820]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3820 "PR by Nate Berkopec, merged 2025-11-19"
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[#3817]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3817 "PR by Nate Berkopec, merged 2025-11-17"
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[#3814]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3814 "PR by Jean Boussier, merged 2025-11-17"
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[#3813]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3813 "PR by Masafumi Koba, merged 2025-11-17"
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[#3809]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3809 "PR by Patrik Ragnarsson, merged 2025-10-26"
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[#3808]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3808 "PR by Nymuxyzo, merged 2025-10-26"
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[#3807]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3807 "PR by Nate Berkopec, merged 2025-10-28"
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[#3804]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3804 "PR by Joe Rafaniello, merged 2025-10-21"
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[#3802]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3802 "PR by Richard Schneeman, merged 2025-10-20"
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[#3800]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3800 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2025-10-19"
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[#3787]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3787 "PR by Stan Hu, merged 2025-10-17"
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[#3764]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3764 "PR by MSP-Greg, merged 2025-10-17"
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[#3690]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3690 "PR by Joshua Young, merged 2025-11-18"
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[#3602]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3602 "PR by Joshua Young, merged 2025-11-28"
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[#3707]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3707 "PR by @nerdrew, merged 2025-10-02"
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[#3794]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3794 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-10-16"
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[#3795]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3795 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-10-16"
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[#3778]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3778 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-10-16"
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[#3779]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3779 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-10-16"
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[#3791]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3791 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-10-09"
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[#3790]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/3790 "Issue by @eric-wtfoxtrot, closed 2025-10-09"
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[#3774]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3774 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-10-16"
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[#3657]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3657 "PR by @marksmith, merged 2025-10-16"
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[#3703]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3703 "PR by @marshall-lee, merged 2025-09-20"
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[#3742]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3742 "PR by @kenballus, merged 2025-09-18"
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[#3754]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3754 "PR by @byroot, merged 2025-09-18"
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[#3746]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3746 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-09-18"
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[#3740]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/3740 "Issue by @joshuay03, closed 2025-09-18"
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[#3748]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3748 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-09-14"
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[#3749]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3749 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-09-14"
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[#3736]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3736 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-09-08"
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[#3734]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/3734 "Issue by @espen, closed 2025-09-08"
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[#3729]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3729 "PR by @bensheldon, merged 2025-09-08"
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[#3731]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3731 "PR by @stanhu, merged 2025-09-06"
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[#3725]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3725 "PR by @tannakartikey, merged 2025-09-05"
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[#3719]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3719 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-09-03"
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[#3378]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3378 "PR by @shayonj, merged 2025-08-19"
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[#3377]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3377 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-08-12"
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[#3711]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3711 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-08-28"
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[#3576]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/3576 "Issue by @pdalberti, closed 2025-08-28"
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[#3701]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3701 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-08-26"
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[#3297]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3297 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-08-26"
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[#3704]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3704 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-08-25"
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[#3698]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3698 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-08-21"
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[#3438]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3438 "PR by @tannakartikey, merged 2025-08-25"
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[#3678]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3678 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-07-31"
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+
[#3101]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3101 "PR by @ioquatix, merged 2025-08-25"
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+
[#3681]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3681 "PR by @byroot, merged 2025-08-15"
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[#3140]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3140 "PR by @phyzical, merged 2025-08-12"
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[#3713]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3713 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-08-29"
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+
[#3625]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3625 "PR by @bhooshiek-narendiran, closed 2025-08-29"
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[#3702]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3702 "PR by @marshall-lee, merged 2025-08-25"
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[#3696]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3696 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-08-22"
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[#3695]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/3695 "Issue by @joshuay03, closed 2025-08-22"
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[#3684]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3684 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-08-02"
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[#3721]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3721 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-09-03"
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[#3712]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3712 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-08-28"
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[#3705]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3705 "PR by @schneems, merged 2025-08-25"
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[#3073]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3073 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-08-12"
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[#3714]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3714 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-08-29"
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[#3710]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3710 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-08-28"
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[#3709]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3709 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-08-28"
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[#3708]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/3708 "Issue by @schneems, closed 2025-08-28"
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[#3616]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3616 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-08-25"
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[#3635]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3635 "PR by @LevitatingBusinessMan, merged 2025-05-08"
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[#3572]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3572 "PR by @barthez, merged 2025-02-06"
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[#3601]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3601 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-01-31"
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[#3586]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3586 "PR by @MSP-Greg, merged 2025-02-03"
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[#3598]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3598 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2025-01-31"
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-
[#
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[#3635]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3635 "PR by @LevitatingBusinessMan, merged 2025-05-08"
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[#3680]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3680 "PR by @byroot, merged 2025-07-31"
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[#3570]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3570 "PR by @mohamedhafez, merged 2024-12-30"
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[#3567]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/3567 "Issue by @mohamedhafez, closed 2024-12-30"
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[#3383]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/3383 "PR by @joshuay03, merged 2024-11-29"
|
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@@ -2764,7 +2984,7 @@ be added back in a future date when a java Puma::MiniSSL is added.
|
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[#1022]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/1022 "Issue by @AKovtunov, closed 2017-08-16"
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[#958]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/958 "Issue by @lalitlogical, closed 2016-04-23"
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[#782]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/782 "Issue by @Tonkpils, closed 2016-07-19"
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[#1010]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/1010 "Issue by @
|
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[#1010]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/1010 "Issue by @mirineumark, closed 2016-07-19"
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[#959]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/959 "Issue by @mwpastore, closed 2016-04-22"
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[#840]:https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/840 "Issue by @marisawallace, closed 2016-04-07"
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[#1007]:https://github.com/puma/puma/pull/1007 "PR by @willnet, merged 2016-06-24"
|
data/README.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
|
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5
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# Puma: A Ruby Web Server Built For Parallelism
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[](https://codeclimate.com/github/puma/puma)
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[](https://github.com/puma/puma/actions/workflows/tests.yml?query=branch%3Amain)
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[]( https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/puma )
|
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Puma is a **simple, fast, multi-threaded, and highly parallel HTTP 1.1 server for Ruby/Rack applications**.
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## Configuration
|
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Puma provides numerous options. Consult `puma -h` (or `puma --help`) for a full list of CLI options, or see `Puma::DSL` or [dsl.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/
|
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|
+
Puma provides numerous options. Consult `puma -h` (or `puma --help`) for a full list of CLI options, or see `Puma::DSL` or [dsl.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/main/lib/puma/dsl.rb).
|
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You can also find several configuration examples as part of the
|
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[test](https://github.com/puma/puma/tree/
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[test](https://github.com/puma/puma/tree/main/test/config) suite.
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For debugging purposes, you can set the environment variable `PUMA_LOG_CONFIG` with a value
|
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and the loaded configuration will be printed as part of the boot process.
|
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@@ -116,15 +115,24 @@ Or with the `WEB_CONCURRENCY` environment variable:
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$ WEB_CONCURRENCY=3 puma -t 8:32
|
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```
|
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When using a config file, most applications can simply set `workers :auto` (requires the `concurrent-ruby` gem) to match the number of worker processes to the available processors:
|
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+
```ruby
|
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# config/puma.rb
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workers :auto
|
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+
```
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See [`workers :auto` gotchas](lib/puma/dsl.rb).
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Note that threads are still used in cluster mode, and the `-t` thread flag setting is per worker, so `-w 2 -t 16:16` will spawn 32 threads in total, with 16 in each worker process.
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If the `WEB_CONCURRENCY` environment variable is set to `"auto"
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+
If `workers` is set to `:auto`, or the `WEB_CONCURRENCY` environment variable is set to `"auto"`, and the `concurrent-ruby` gem is available in your application, Puma will set the worker process count to the result of [available processors](https://msp-greg.github.io/concurrent-ruby/Concurrent.html#available_processor_count-class_method).
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|
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-
For an in-depth discussion of the tradeoffs of thread and process count settings, [see our docs](
|
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+
For an in-depth discussion of the tradeoffs of thread and process count settings, [see our docs](docs/deployment.md).
|
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|
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In cluster mode, Puma can "preload" your application. This loads all the application code *prior* to forking. Preloading reduces total memory usage of your application via an operating system feature called [copy-on-write](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copy-on-write).
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If the
|
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|
+
If the number of workers is greater than 1 (and `--prune-bundler` has not been specified), preloading will be enabled by default. Otherwise, you can use the `--preload` flag from the command line:
|
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```
|
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$ puma -w 3 --preload
|
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@@ -142,8 +150,8 @@ Preloading can’t be used with phased restart, since phased restart kills and r
|
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#### Cluster mode hooks
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When using
|
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hooks to run code when the master process forks
|
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When using clustered mode, Puma's configuration DSL provides `before_fork`, `before_worker_boot`, and `after_worker_shutdown`
|
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|
+
hooks to run code when the master process forks, the child workers are booted, and after each child worker exits respectively.
|
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It is recommended to use these hooks with `preload_app!`, otherwise constants loaded by your
|
|
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application (such as `Rails`) will not be available inside the hooks.
|
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@@ -154,16 +162,21 @@ before_fork do
|
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# Add code to run inside the Puma master process before it forks a worker child.
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end
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before_worker_boot do
|
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# Add code to run inside the Puma worker process after forking.
|
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end
|
|
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|
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after_worker_shutdown do |worker_handle|
|
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# Add code to run inside the Puma master process after a worker exits. `worker.process_status` can be used to get the
|
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|
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# `Process::Status` of the exited worker.
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end
|
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|
```
|
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|
|
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|
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In addition, there is an `
|
|
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|
+
In addition, there is an `before_refork` and `after_refork` hooks which are used only in [`fork_worker` mode](docs/fork_worker.md),
|
|
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|
when the worker 0 child process forks a grandchild worker:
|
|
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|
|
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|
```ruby
|
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-
|
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|
+
before_refork do
|
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|
# Used only when fork_worker mode is enabled. Add code to run inside the Puma worker 0
|
|
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|
# child process before it forks a grandchild worker.
|
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|
end
|
|
@@ -190,29 +203,29 @@ Therefore, we recommend the following:
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
1. If possible, do not establish any socket connections (HTTP, database connections, etc.)
|
|
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|
inside Puma's master process when booting.
|
|
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|
-
2. If (1) is not possible, use `before_fork` and `
|
|
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|
+
2. If (1) is not possible, use `before_fork` and `before_refork` to disconnect the parent's socket
|
|
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|
connections when forking, so that they are not accidentally copied to the child process.
|
|
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|
-
3. Use `
|
|
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|
+
3. Use `before_worker_boot` to restart any background threads on the forked child.
|
|
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209
|
4. Use `after_refork` to restart any background threads on the parent.
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
#### Master process lifecycle hooks
|
|
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212
|
|
|
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|
-
Puma's configuration DSL provides master process lifecycle hooks `
|
|
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|
+
Puma's configuration DSL provides master process lifecycle hooks `after_booted`, `before_restart`, and `after_stopped`
|
|
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214
|
which may be used to specify code blocks to run on each event:
|
|
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215
|
|
|
203
216
|
```ruby
|
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217
|
# config/puma.rb
|
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|
-
|
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|
+
after_booted do
|
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|
# Add code to run in the Puma master process after it boots,
|
|
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220
|
# and also after a phased restart completes.
|
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|
end
|
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|
|
|
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|
-
|
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|
+
before_restart do
|
|
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|
# Add code to run in the Puma master process when it receives
|
|
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|
# a restart command but before it restarts.
|
|
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|
end
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
-
|
|
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|
+
after_stopped do
|
|
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229
|
# Add code to run in the Puma master process when it receives
|
|
217
230
|
# a stop command but before it shuts down.
|
|
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231
|
end
|
|
@@ -221,7 +234,7 @@ end
|
|
|
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234
|
### Error handling
|
|
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235
|
|
|
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236
|
If Puma encounters an error outside of the context of your application, it will respond with a 400/500 and a simple
|
|
224
|
-
textual error message (see `Puma::Server#lowlevel_error` or [server.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/
|
|
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|
+
textual error message (see `Puma::Server#lowlevel_error` or [server.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/main/lib/puma/server.rb)).
|
|
225
238
|
You can specify custom behavior for this scenario. For example, you can report the error to your third-party
|
|
226
239
|
error-tracking service (in this example, [rollbar](https://rollbar.com)):
|
|
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|
|
|
@@ -380,7 +393,7 @@ Puma has a built-in status and control app that can be used to query and control
|
|
|
380
393
|
$ puma --control-url tcp://127.0.0.1:9293 --control-token foo
|
|
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394
|
```
|
|
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395
|
|
|
383
|
-
Puma will start the control server on localhost port 9293. All requests to the control server will need to include control token (in this case, `token=foo`) as a query parameter. This allows for simple authentication. Check out `Puma::App::Status` or [status.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/
|
|
396
|
+
Puma will start the control server on localhost port 9293. All requests to the control server will need to include control token (in this case, `token=foo`) as a query parameter. This allows for simple authentication. Check out `Puma::App::Status` or [status.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/main/lib/puma/app/status.rb) to see what the status app has available.
|
|
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397
|
|
|
385
398
|
You can also interact with the control server via `pumactl`. This command will restart Puma:
|
|
386
399
|
|
|
@@ -412,7 +425,7 @@ $ puma -C "-"
|
|
|
412
425
|
|
|
413
426
|
The other side-effects of setting the environment are whether to show stack traces (in `development` or `test`), and setting RACK_ENV may potentially affect middleware looking for this value to change their behavior. The default puma RACK_ENV value is `development`. You can see all config default values in `Puma::Configuration#puma_default_options` or [configuration.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/61c6213fbab/lib/puma/configuration.rb#L182-L204).
|
|
414
427
|
|
|
415
|
-
Check out `Puma::DSL` or [dsl.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/
|
|
428
|
+
Check out `Puma::DSL` or [dsl.rb](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/main/lib/puma/dsl.rb) to see all available options.
|
|
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429
|
|
|
417
430
|
## Restart
|
|
418
431
|
|
|
@@ -432,19 +445,6 @@ Some platforms do not support all Puma features.
|
|
|
432
445
|
* **Windows**: Cluster mode is not supported due to a lack of fork(2).
|
|
433
446
|
* **Kubernetes**: The way Kubernetes handles pod shutdowns interacts poorly with server processes implementing graceful shutdown, like Puma. See the [kubernetes section of the documentation](docs/kubernetes.md) for more details.
|
|
434
447
|
|
|
435
|
-
## Known Bugs
|
|
436
|
-
|
|
437
|
-
For MRI versions 2.2.7, 2.2.8, 2.2.9, 2.2.10, 2.3.4 and 2.4.1, you may see ```stream closed in another thread (IOError)```. It may be caused by a [Ruby bug](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13632). It can be fixed with the gem https://rubygems.org/gems/stopgap_13632:
|
|
438
|
-
|
|
439
|
-
```ruby
|
|
440
|
-
if %w(2.2.7 2.2.8 2.2.9 2.2.10 2.3.4 2.4.1).include? RUBY_VERSION
|
|
441
|
-
begin
|
|
442
|
-
require 'stopgap_13632'
|
|
443
|
-
rescue LoadError
|
|
444
|
-
end
|
|
445
|
-
end
|
|
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-
```
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-
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448
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## Deployment
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* Puma has support for Capistrano with an [external gem](https://github.com/seuros/capistrano-puma).
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data/docs/deployment.md
CHANGED
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@@ -16,32 +16,34 @@ assume this is how you're using Puma.
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Initially, Puma was conceived as a thread-only web server, but support for
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processes was added in version 2.
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+
In general, use single mode only if:
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+
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* You are using JRuby, TruffleRuby or another fully-multithreaded implementation of Ruby
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* You are using MRI but in an environment where only 1 CPU core is available.
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+
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+
Otherwise, you'll want to use cluster mode to utilize all available CPU resources.
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+
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To run `puma` in single mode (i.e., as a development environment), set the
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number of workers to 0; anything higher will run in cluster mode.
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-
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+
## Cluster Mode Tips
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30
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-
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+
For the purposes of Puma provisioning, "CPU cores" means:
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-
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-
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-
* Set the number of threads to desired concurrent requests/number of workers.
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-
Puma defaults to 5, and that's a decent number.
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+
1. On ARM, the number of physical cores.
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+
2. On x86, the number of logical cores, hyperthreads, or vCPUs (these words all mean the same thing).
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30
35
|
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-
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+
Set your config with the following process:
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37
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* If you'
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34
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-
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-
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-
* Enjoy 50% memory savings
|
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-
* As you grow more confident in the thread-safety of your app, you can tune the
|
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-
workers down and the threads up.
|
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+
* Use cluster mode and set `workers :auto` (requires the `concurrent-ruby` gem) to match the number of CPU cores on the machine (minimum 2, otherwise use single mode!). If you can't add the gem, set the worker count manually to the available CPU cores.
|
|
39
|
+
* Set the number of threads to desired concurrent requests/number of workers.
|
|
40
|
+
Puma defaults to 5, and that's a decent number.
|
|
39
41
|
|
|
40
|
-
|
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|
+
For most deployments, adding `concurrent-ruby` and using `workers :auto` is the right starting point.
|
|
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43
|
|
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|
-
See [
|
|
44
|
+
See [`workers :auto` gotchas](../lib/puma/dsl.rb).
|
|
43
45
|
|
|
44
|
-
|
|
46
|
+
## Worker utilization
|
|
45
47
|
|
|
46
48
|
**How do you know if you've got enough (or too many workers)?**
|
|
47
49
|
|
|
@@ -50,14 +52,34 @@ a time. But since so many apps are waiting on IO from DBs, etc., they can
|
|
|
50
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|
utilize threads to use the process more efficiently.
|
|
51
53
|
|
|
52
54
|
Generally, you never want processes that are pegged all the time. That can mean
|
|
53
|
-
there is more work to do than the process can get through. On the other hand, if
|
|
54
|
-
you have processes that sit around doing nothing, then
|
|
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|
-
|
|
55
|
+
there is more work to do than the process can get through, and requests will end up with additional latency. On the other hand, if
|
|
56
|
+
you have processes that sit around doing nothing, then you're wasting resources and money.
|
|
57
|
+
|
|
58
|
+
In general, you are making a tradeoff between:
|
|
59
|
+
|
|
60
|
+
1. CPU and memory utilization.
|
|
61
|
+
2. Time spent queueing for a Puma worker to `accept` requests and additional latency caused by CPU contention.
|
|
62
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+
|
|
63
|
+
If latency is important to you, you will have to accept lower utilization, and vice versa.
|
|
56
64
|
|
|
57
|
-
|
|
58
|
-
utilization means you've got capacity still but aren't starving threads.
|
|
65
|
+
## Container/VPS sizing
|
|
59
66
|
|
|
60
|
-
|
|
67
|
+
You will have to make a decision about how "big" to make each pod/VPS/server/dyno.
|
|
68
|
+
|
|
69
|
+
**TL:DR;**: 80% of Puma apps will end up deploying "pods" of 4 workers, 5 threads each, 4 vCPU and 8GB of RAM.
|
|
70
|
+
|
|
71
|
+
For the rest of this discussion, we'll adopt the Kubernetes term of "pods".
|
|
72
|
+
|
|
73
|
+
Should you run 2 pods with 50 workers each? 25 pods, each with 4 workers? 100 pods, with each Puma running in single mode? Each scenario represents the same total amount of capacity (100 Puma processes that can respond to requests), but there are tradeoffs to make:
|
|
74
|
+
|
|
75
|
+
* **Increasing worker counts decreases latency, but means you scale in bigger "chunks"**. Worker counts should be somewhere between 4 and 32 in most cases. You want more than 4 in order to minimize time spent in request queueing for a free Puma worker, but probably less than ~32 because otherwise autoscaling is working in too large of an increment or they probably won't fit very well into your nodes. In any queueing system, queue time is proportional to 1/n, where n is the number of things pulling from the queue. Each pod will have its own request queue (i.e., the socket backlog). If you have 4 pods with 1 worker each (4 request queues), wait times are, proportionally, about 4 times higher than if you had 1 pod with 4 workers (1 request queue).
|
|
76
|
+
* **Increasing thread counts will increase throughput, but also latency and memory use** Unless you have a very I/O-heavy application (50%+ time spent waiting on IO), use the default thread count (5 for MRI). Using higher numbers of threads with low I/O wait (<50% of wall clock time) will lead to additional request latency and additional memory usage.
|
|
77
|
+
* **Increasing worker counts decreases memory per worker on average**. More processes per pod reduces memory usage per process, because of copy-on-write memory and because the cost of the single master process is "amortized" over more child processes.
|
|
78
|
+
* **Low worker counts (<4) have exceptionally poor throughput**. Don't run less than 4 processes per pod if you can. Low numbers of processes per pod will lead to high request queueing (see discussion above), which means you will have to run more pods and resources.
|
|
79
|
+
* **CPU-core-to-worker ratios should be around 1**. If running Puma with `threads > 1`, allocate 1 CPU core (see definition above!) per worker. If single threaded, allocate ~0.75 cpus per worker. Most web applications spend about 25% of their time in I/O - but when you're running multi-threaded, your Puma process will have higher CPU usage and should be able to fully saturate a CPU core. Using `workers :auto` will size workers to this guidance on most platforms.
|
|
80
|
+
* **Don't set memory limits unless necessary**. Most Puma processes will use about ~512MB-1GB per worker, and about 1GB for the master process. However, you probably shouldn't bother with setting memory limits lower than around 2GB per process, because most places you are deploying will have 2GB of RAM per CPU. A sensible memory limit for a Puma configuration of 4 child workers might be something like 8 GB (1 GB for the master, 7GB for the 4 children).
|
|
81
|
+
|
|
82
|
+
**Measuring utilization and queue time**
|
|
61
83
|
|
|
62
84
|
Using a timestamp header from an upstream proxy server (e.g., `nginx` or
|
|
63
85
|
`haproxy`) makes it possible to indicate how long requests have been waiting for
|
|
@@ -75,7 +97,7 @@ a Puma thread to become available.
|
|
|
75
97
|
* `env['puma.request_body_wait']` contains the number of milliseconds Puma
|
|
76
98
|
spent waiting for the client to send the request body.
|
|
77
99
|
* haproxy: `%Th` (TLS handshake time) and `%Ti` (idle time before request)
|
|
78
|
-
can
|
|
100
|
+
can also be added as headers.
|
|
79
101
|
|
|
80
102
|
## Should I daemonize?
|
|
81
103
|
|
|
@@ -100,3 +122,16 @@ or hell, even `monit`.
|
|
|
100
122
|
You probably will want to deploy some new code at some point, and you'd like
|
|
101
123
|
Puma to start running that new code. There are a few options for restarting
|
|
102
124
|
Puma, described separately in our [restart documentation](restart.md).
|
|
125
|
+
|
|
126
|
+
## Migrating from Unicorn
|
|
127
|
+
|
|
128
|
+
* If you're migrating from unicorn though, here are some settings to start with:
|
|
129
|
+
* Set workers to half the number of unicorn workers you're using
|
|
130
|
+
* Set threads to 2
|
|
131
|
+
* Enjoy 50% memory savings
|
|
132
|
+
* As you grow more confident in the thread-safety of your app, you can tune the
|
|
133
|
+
workers down and the threads up.
|
|
134
|
+
|
|
135
|
+
## Ubuntu / Systemd (Systemctl) Installation
|
|
136
|
+
|
|
137
|
+
See [systemd.md](systemd.md)
|
data/docs/fork_worker.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ The `fork_worker` option allows your application to be initialized only once for
|
|
|
24
24
|
|
|
25
25
|
### Usage Considerations
|
|
26
26
|
|
|
27
|
-
- `fork_worker` introduces new `
|
|
28
|
-
- When initially forking the parent process to the worker 0 child, `before_fork` will trigger on the parent process and `
|
|
29
|
-
- When forking the worker 0 child to grandchild workers, `
|
|
27
|
+
- `fork_worker` introduces new `before_refork` and `after_refork` configuration hooks. Note the following:
|
|
28
|
+
- When initially forking the parent process to the worker 0 child, `before_fork` will trigger on the parent process and `before_worker_boot` will trigger on the worker 0 child as normal.
|
|
29
|
+
- When forking the worker 0 child to grandchild workers, `before_refork` and `after_refork` will trigger on the worker 0 child, and `before_worker_boot` will trigger on each grandchild worker.
|
|
30
30
|
- For clarity, `before_fork` does not trigger on worker 0, and `after_refork` does not trigger on the grandchild.
|
|
31
31
|
- As a general migration guide:
|
|
32
|
-
- Copy any logic within your existing `before_fork` hook to the `
|
|
33
|
-
- Consider to copy logic from your `
|
|
32
|
+
- Copy any logic within your existing `before_fork` hook to the `before_refork` hook.
|
|
33
|
+
- Consider to copy logic from your `before_worker_boot` hook to the `after_refork` hook, if it is needed to reset the state of worker 0 after it forks.
|
|
34
34
|
|
|
35
35
|
### Limitations
|
|
36
36
|
|