puma 3.7.1 → 4.1.0

data/lib/puma/const.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #encoding: utf-8
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Puma
   class UnsupportedOption < RuntimeError
   end
@@ -53,6 +55,8 @@ module Puma
     415 => 'Unsupported Media Type',
     416 => 'Range Not Satisfiable',
     417 => 'Expectation Failed',
+    418 => 'I\'m A Teapot',
+    421 => 'Misdirected Request',
     422 => 'Unprocessable Entity',
     423 => 'Locked',
     424 => 'Failed Dependency',
@@ -60,6 +64,7 @@ module Puma
     428 => 'Precondition Required',
     429 => 'Too Many Requests',
     431 => 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
+    451 => 'Unavailable For Legal Reasons',
     500 => 'Internal Server Error',
     501 => 'Not Implemented',
     502 => 'Bad Gateway',
@@ -95,8 +100,8 @@ module Puma
   # too taxing on performance.
   module Const
 
-    PUMA_VERSION = VERSION = "3.7.1".freeze
-    CODE_NAME = "Snowy Sagebrush".freeze
+    PUMA_VERSION = VERSION = "4.1.0".freeze
+    CODE_NAME = "Fourth and One".freeze
     PUMA_SERVER_STRING = ['puma', PUMA_VERSION, CODE_NAME].join(' ').freeze
 
     FAST_TRACK_KA_TIMEOUT = 0.2
@@ -155,6 +160,9 @@ module Puma
     LINE_END = "\r\n".freeze
     REMOTE_ADDR = "REMOTE_ADDR".freeze
     HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR".freeze
+    HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL = "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SSL".freeze
+    HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME = "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_SCHEME".freeze
+    HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO = "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO".freeze
 
     SERVER_NAME = "SERVER_NAME".freeze
     SERVER_PORT = "SERVER_PORT".freeze
@@ -220,5 +228,11 @@ module Puma
     HIJACK_P = "rack.hijack?".freeze
     HIJACK = "rack.hijack".freeze
     HIJACK_IO = "rack.hijack_io".freeze
+
+    EARLY_HINTS = "rack.early_hints".freeze
+
+    # Mininum interval to checks worker health
+    WORKER_CHECK_INTERVAL = 5
+
   end
 end

data/lib/puma/control_cli.rb

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'optparse'
-require 'puma/state_file'
-require 'puma/const'
-require 'puma/detect'
-require 'puma/configuration'
+require_relative 'state_file'
+require_relative 'const'
+require_relative 'detect'
+require_relative 'configuration'
 require 'uri'
 require 'socket'
 
 module Puma
   class ControlCLI
 
-    COMMANDS = %w{halt restart phased-restart start stats status stop reload-worker-directory}
+    COMMANDS = %w{halt restart phased-restart start stats status stop reload-worker-directory gc gc-stats}
 
     def initialize(argv, stdout=STDOUT, stderr=STDERR)
       @state = nil
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ module Puma
       end
 
       opts.order!(argv) { |a| opts.terminate a }
+      opts.parse!
 
       @command = argv.shift
 
@@ -78,11 +81,12 @@ module Puma
         end
 
         if @config_file
-          config = Puma::Configuration.from_file @config_file
-          @state ||= config.options[:state]
-          @control_url ||= config.options[:control_url]
+          config = Puma::Configuration.new({ config_files: [@config_file] }, {})
+          config.load
+          @state              ||= config.options[:state]
+          @control_url        ||= config.options[:control_url]
           @control_auth_token ||= config.options[:control_auth_token]
-          @pidfile ||= config.options[:pidfile]
+          @pidfile            ||= config.options[:pidfile]
         end
       end
 
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ module Puma
       uri = URI.parse @control_url
 
       # create server object by scheme
-      @server = case uri.scheme
+      server = case uri.scheme
                 when "tcp"
                   TCPSocket.new uri.host, uri.port
                 when "unix"
@@ -144,9 +148,9 @@ module Puma
           url = url + "?token=#{@control_auth_token}"
         end
 
-        @server << "GET #{url} HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n"
+        server << "GET #{url} HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n"
 
-        unless data = @server.read
+        unless data = server.read
           raise "Server closed connection before responding"
         end
 
@@ -167,10 +171,10 @@ module Puma
         end
 
         message "Command #{@command} sent success"
-        message response.last if @command == "stats"
+        message response.last if @command == "stats" || @command == "gc-stats"
       end
-
-      @server.close
+    ensure
+      server.close if server && !server.closed?
     end
 
     def send_signal
@@ -201,8 +205,17 @@ module Puma
         when "phased-restart"
           Process.kill "SIGUSR1", @pid
 
+        when "status"
+          begin
+            Process.kill 0, @pid
+            puts "Puma is started"
+          rescue Errno::ESRCH
+            raise "Puma is not running"
+          end
+
+          return
+
         else
-          message "Puma is started"
           return
         end
 
@@ -218,7 +231,7 @@ module Puma
     end
 
     def run
-      start if @command == "start"
+      return start if @command == "start"
 
       prepare_configuration
 
@@ -242,7 +255,7 @@ module Puma
       run_args += ["-S", @state]  if @state
       run_args += ["-q"] if @quiet
       run_args += ["--pidfile", @pidfile] if @pidfile
-      run_args += ["--control", @control_url] if @control_url
+      run_args += ["--control-url", @control_url] if @control_url
       run_args += ["--control-token", @control_auth_token] if @control_auth_token
       run_args += ["-C", @config_file] if @config_file
 

data/lib/puma/convenient.rb

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'puma/launcher'
 require 'puma/configuration'
 
 module Puma
   def self.run(opts={})
-    cfg = Puma::Configuration.new do |c|
+    cfg = Puma::Configuration.new do |user_config|
       if port = opts[:port]
-        c.port port
+        user_config.port port
       end
 
-      c.quiet
+      user_config.quiet
 
       yield c
     end

data/lib/puma/daemon_ext.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Process
 
   # This overrides the default version because it is broken if it

data/lib/puma/delegation.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Puma
   module Delegation
     def forward(what, who)

data/lib/puma/detect.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module Puma
   IS_JRUBY = defined?(JRUBY_VERSION)
 

data/lib/puma/dsl.rb

@@ -1,20 +1,40 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'puma/const'
+
 module Puma
-  # The methods that are available for use inside the config file.
+  # The methods that are available for use inside the configuration file.
+  # These same methods are used in Puma cli and the rack handler
+  # internally.
+  #
+  # Used manually (via CLI class):
+  #
+  #   config = Configuration.new({}) do |user_config|
+  #     user_config.port 3001
+  #   end
+  #   config.load
+  #
+  #   puts config.options[:binds]
+  #   "tcp://127.0.0.1:3001"
   #
+  # Used to load file:
+  #
+  #   $ cat puma_config.rb
+  #     port 3002
+  #
+  #   config = Configuration.new(config_file: "puma_config.rb")
+  #   config.load
+  #
+  #   puts config.options[:binds]
+  #   # => "tcp://127.0.0.1:3002"
+  #
+  # You can also find many examples being used by the test suite in
+  # +test/config+.
   class DSL
     include ConfigDefault
 
-    def self.load(options, cfg, path)
-      d = new(options, cfg)
-      d._load_from(path)
-
-      options
-    ensure
-      d._offer_plugins
-    end
-
     def initialize(options, config)
-      @config = config
+      @config  = config
       @options = options
 
       @plugins = []
@@ -40,34 +60,16 @@ module Puma
       @plugins.clear
     end
 
-    def _run(&blk)
-      blk.call self
-    ensure
-      _offer_plugins
+    def set_default_host(host)
+      @options[:default_host] = host
     end
 
-    def inject(&blk)
-      instance_eval(&blk)
+    def default_host
+      @options[:default_host] || Configuration::DefaultTCPHost
     end
 
-    # Load configuration from another named file. If the file name is absolute,
-    # load the file as an absolute path. Otherwise load it relative to the
-    # current config file.
-    #
-    def import(file)
-      if File.extname(file) == ""
-        file += ".rb"
-      end
-
-      if file[0,1] == "/"
-        path = file
-      elsif @path
-        path = File.join File.dirname(@path), file
-      else
-        raise "No original configuration path to import relative to"
-      end
-
-      DSL.new(@options, @config)._load_from(path)
+    def inject(&blk)
+      instance_eval(&blk)
     end
 
     def get(key,default=nil)
@@ -80,9 +82,22 @@ module Puma
       @plugins << @config.load_plugin(name)
     end
 
-    # Use +obj+ or +block+ as the Rack app. This allows a config file to
-    # be the app itself.
+    # Use an object or block as the rack application. This allows the
+    # configuration file to be the application itself.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   app do |env|
+    #     body = 'Hello, World!'
     #
+    #     [
+    #       200,
+    #       {
+    #         'Content-Type' => 'text/plain',
+    #         'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s
+    #       },
+    #       [body]
+    #     ]
+    #   end
     def app(obj=nil, &block)
       obj ||= block
 
@@ -91,9 +106,20 @@ module Puma
       @options[:app] = obj
     end
 
-    # Start the Puma control rack app on +url+. This app can be communicated
-    # with to control the main server.
+    # Start the Puma control rack application on +url+. This application can
+    # be communicated with to control the main server. Additionally, you can
+    # provide an authentication token, so all requests to the control server
+    # will need to include that token as a query parameter. This allows for
+    # simple authentication.
     #
+    # Check out {Puma::App::Status} to see what the app has available.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   activate_control_app 'unix:///var/run/pumactl.sock'
+    # @example
+    #   activate_control_app 'unix:///var/run/pumactl.sock', { auth_token: '12345' }
+    # @example
+    #   activate_control_app 'unix:///var/run/pumactl.sock', { no_token: true }
     def activate_control_app(url="auto", opts={})
       if url == "auto"
         path = Configuration.temp_path
@@ -104,7 +130,12 @@ module Puma
       end
 
       if opts[:no_token]
-        auth_token = :none
+        # We need to use 'none' rather than :none because this value will be
+        # passed on to an instance of OptionParser, which doesn't support
+        # symbols as option values.
+        #
+        # See: https://github.com/puma/puma/issues/1193#issuecomment-305995488
+        auth_token = 'none'
       else
         auth_token = opts[:auth_token]
         auth_token ||= Configuration.random_token
@@ -115,53 +146,99 @@ module Puma
     end
 
     # Load additional configuration from a file
+    # Files get loaded later via Configuration#load
     def load(file)
-      _ary(:config_files) << file
+      @options[:config_files] ||= []
+      @options[:config_files] << file
     end
 
-    # Bind the server to +url+. tcp:// and unix:// are the only accepted
-    # protocols.
+    # Bind the server to +url+. "tcp://", "unix://" and "ssl://" are the only
+    # accepted protocols. Multiple urls can be bound to, calling `bind` does
+    # not overwrite previous bindings.
+    #
+    # The default is "tcp://0.0.0.0:9292".
     #
+    # You can use query parameters within the url to specify options:
+    #
+    #  - Set the socket backlog depth with +backlog+, default is 1024.
+    #  - Set up an SSL certificate with +key+ & +cert+.
+    #  - Set whether to optimize for low latency instead of throughput with
+    #    +low_latency+, default is to optimize for low latency. This is done
+    #    via +Socket::TCP_NODELAY+.
+    #  - Set socket permissions with +umask+.
+    #
+    # @example Backlog depth
+    #   bind 'unix:///var/run/puma.sock?backlog=512'
+    # @example SSL cert
+    #   bind 'ssl://127.0.0.1:9292?key=key.key&cert=cert.pem'
+    # @example Disable optimization for low latency
+    #   bind 'tcp://0.0.0.0:9292?low_latency=false'
+    # @example Socket permissions
+    #   bind 'unix:///var/run/puma.sock?umask=0111'
     def bind(url)
-      _ary(:binds) << url
+      @options[:binds] ||= []
+      @options[:binds] << url
+    end
+
+    def clear_binds!
+      @options[:binds] = []
     end
 
     # Define the TCP port to bind to. Use +bind+ for more advanced options.
     #
+    # @example
+    #   port 9292
     def port(port, host=nil)
-      host ||= Configuration::DefaultTCPHost
+      host ||= default_host
       bind "tcp://#{host}:#{port}"
     end
 
-    # Define how long persistent connections can be idle before puma closes
-    # them
-    #
+    # Define how long persistent connections can be idle before Puma closes
+    # them.
     def persistent_timeout(seconds)
-      @options[:persistent_timeout] = seconds
+      @options[:persistent_timeout] = Integer(seconds)
+    end
+
+    # Define how long the tcp socket stays open, if no data has been received.
+    def first_data_timeout(seconds)
+      @options[:first_data_timeout] = Integer(seconds)
     end
 
     # Work around leaky apps that leave garbage in Thread locals
-    # across requests
-    #
+    # across requests.
     def clean_thread_locals(which=true)
       @options[:clean_thread_locals] = which
     end
 
-    # Daemonize the server into the background. Highly suggest that
-    # this be combined with +pidfile+ and +stdout_redirect+.
+    # Daemonize the server into the background. It's highly recommended to
+    # use this in combination with +pidfile+ and +stdout_redirect+.
+    #
+    # The default is "false".
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   daemonize
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   daemonize false
     def daemonize(which=true)
       @options[:daemon] = which
     end
 
     # When shutting down, drain the accept socket of pending
-    # connections and proces them. This loops over the accept
+    # connections and process them. This loops over the accept
     # socket until there are no more read events and then stops
     # looking and waits for the requests to finish.
     def drain_on_shutdown(which=true)
       @options[:drain_on_shutdown] = which
     end
 
-    # Set the environment in which the Rack's app will run.
+    # Set the environment in which the rack's app will run. The value must be
+    # a string.
+    #
+    # The default is "development".
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   environment 'production'
     def environment(environment)
       @options[:environment] = environment
     end
@@ -187,29 +264,41 @@ module Puma
     end
 
     # Code to run before doing a restart. This code should
-    # close logfiles, database connections, etc.
+    # close log files, database connections, etc.
     #
     # This can be called multiple times to add code each time.
     #
+    # @example
+    #   on_restart do
+    #     puts 'On restart...'
+    #   end
     def on_restart(&block)
-      _ary(:on_restart) << block
+      @options[:on_restart] ||= []
+      @options[:on_restart] << block
     end
 
-    # Command to use to restart puma. This should be just how to
-    # load puma itself (ie. 'ruby -Ilib bin/puma'), not the arguments
-    # to puma, as those are the same as the original process.
+    # Command to use to restart Puma. This should be just how to
+    # load Puma itself (ie. 'ruby -Ilib bin/puma'), not the arguments
+    # to Puma, as those are the same as the original process.
     #
+    # @example
+    #   restart_command '/u/app/lolcat/bin/restart_puma'
     def restart_command(cmd)
       @options[:restart_cmd] = cmd.to_s
     end
 
-    # Store the pid of the server in the file at +path+.
+    # Store the pid of the server in the file at "path".
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   pidfile '/u/apps/lolcat/tmp/pids/puma.pid'
     def pidfile(path)
       @options[:pidfile] = path.to_s
     end
 
-    # Disable request logging.
+    # Disable request logging, if this isn't used it'll be enabled by default.
     #
+    # @example
+    #   quiet
     def quiet(which=true)
       @options[:log_requests] = !which
     end
@@ -228,6 +317,10 @@ module Puma
 
     # Load +path+ as a rackup file.
     #
+    # The default is "config.ru".
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   rackup '/u/apps/lolcat/config.ru'
     def rackup(path)
       @options[:rackup] = path.to_s
     end
@@ -238,16 +331,36 @@ module Puma
       @options[:mode] = :tcp
     end
 
-    # Redirect STDOUT and STDERR to files specified.
+    def early_hints(answer=true)
+      @options[:early_hints] = answer
+    end
+
+    # Redirect STDOUT and STDERR to files specified. The +append+ parameter
+    # specifies whether the output is appended, the default is +false+.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   stdout_redirect '/app/lolcat/log/stdout', '/app/lolcat/log/stderr'
+    # @example
+    #   stdout_redirect '/app/lolcat/log/stdout', '/app/lolcat/log/stderr', true
     def stdout_redirect(stdout=nil, stderr=nil, append=false)
       @options[:redirect_stdout] = stdout
       @options[:redirect_stderr] = stderr
       @options[:redirect_append] = append
     end
 
+    def log_formatter(&block)
+      @options[:log_formatter] = block
+    end
+
     # Configure +min+ to be the minimum number of threads to use to answer
     # requests and +max+ the maximum.
     #
+    # The default is "0, 16".
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   threads 0, 16
+    # @example
+    #   threads 5, 5
     def threads(min, max)
       min = Integer(min)
       max = Integer(max)
@@ -263,84 +376,162 @@ module Puma
       @options[:max_threads] = max
     end
 
+    # Instead of "bind 'ssl://127.0.0.1:9292?key=key_path&cert=cert_path'" you
+    # can also use the "ssl_bind" option.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   ssl_bind '127.0.0.1', '9292', {
+    #     cert: path_to_cert,
+    #     key: path_to_key,
+    #     ssl_cipher_filter: cipher_filter, # optional
+    #     verify_mode: verify_mode,         # default 'none'
+    #   }
+    # @example For JRuby additional keys are required: keystore & keystore_pass.
+    #   ssl_bind '127.0.0.1', '9292', {
+    #     cert: path_to_cert,
+    #     key: path_to_key,
+    #     ssl_cipher_filter: cipher_filter, # optional
+    #     verify_mode: verify_mode,         # default 'none'
+    #     keystore: path_to_keystore,
+    #     keystore_pass: password
+    #   }
     def ssl_bind(host, port, opts)
       verify = opts.fetch(:verify_mode, 'none')
+      no_tlsv1 = opts.fetch(:no_tlsv1, 'false')
+      no_tlsv1_1 = opts.fetch(:no_tlsv1_1, 'false')
+      ca_additions = "&ca=#{opts[:ca]}" if ['peer', 'force_peer'].include?(verify)
 
       if defined?(JRUBY_VERSION)
         keystore_additions = "keystore=#{opts[:keystore]}&keystore-pass=#{opts[:keystore_pass]}"
-        bind "ssl://#{host}:#{port}?cert=#{opts[:cert]}&key=#{opts[:key]}&#{keystore_additions}&verify_mode=#{verify}"
+        bind "ssl://#{host}:#{port}?cert=#{opts[:cert]}&key=#{opts[:key]}&#{keystore_additions}&verify_mode=#{verify}&no_tlsv1=#{no_tlsv1}&no_tlsv1_1=#{no_tlsv1_1}#{ca_additions}"
       else
-        bind "ssl://#{host}:#{port}?cert=#{opts[:cert]}&key=#{opts[:key]}&verify_mode=#{verify}"
+        ssl_cipher_filter = "&ssl_cipher_filter=#{opts[:ssl_cipher_filter]}" if opts[:ssl_cipher_filter]
+        bind "ssl://#{host}:#{port}?cert=#{opts[:cert]}&key=#{opts[:key]}#{ssl_cipher_filter}&verify_mode=#{verify}&no_tlsv1=#{no_tlsv1}&no_tlsv1_1=#{no_tlsv1_1}#{ca_additions}"
       end
     end
 
     # Use +path+ as the file to store the server info state. This is
-    # used by pumactl to query and control the server.
+    # used by +pumactl+ to query and control the server.
     #
+    # @example
+    #   state_path '/u/apps/lolcat/tmp/pids/puma.state'
     def state_path(path)
       @options[:state] = path.to_s
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* How many worker processes to run.
+    # How many worker processes to run.  Typically this is set to
+    # to the number of available cores.
     #
+    # The default is 0.
+    #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
     def workers(count)
       @options[:workers] = count.to_i
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Code to run immediately before master process
+    # Code to run immediately before master process
     # forks workers (once on boot). These hooks can block if necessary
-    # to wait for background operations unknown to puma to finish before
+    # to wait for background operations unknown to Puma to finish before
     # the process terminates.
-    # This can be used to close any connections to remote servers (database, redis, ...)
-    # that were opened when preloading the code
+    # This can be used to close any connections to remote servers (database,
+    # Redis, ...) that were opened when preloading the code.
     #
-    # This can be called multiple times to add hooks.
+    # This can be called multiple times to add several hooks.
     #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example
+    #   before_fork do
+    #     puts "Starting workers..."
+    #   end
     def before_fork(&block)
-      _ary(:before_fork) << block
+      @options[:before_fork] ||= []
+      @options[:before_fork] << block
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Code to run in a worker when it boots to setup
+    # Code to run in a worker when it boots to setup
     # the process before booting the app.
     #
-    # This can be called multiple times to add hooks.
+    # This can be called multiple times to add several hooks.
     #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example
+    #   on_worker_fork do
+    #     puts 'Before worker fork...'
+    #   end
     def on_worker_boot(&block)
-      _ary(:before_worker_boot) << block
+      @options[:before_worker_boot] ||= []
+      @options[:before_worker_boot] << block
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Code to run immediately before a worker shuts
+    # Code to run immediately before a worker shuts
     # down (after it has finished processing HTTP requests). These hooks
     # can block if necessary to wait for background operations unknown
-    # to puma to finish before the process terminates.
+    # to Puma to finish before the process terminates.
     #
-    # This can be called multiple times to add hooks.
+    # This can be called multiple times to add several hooks.
     #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example
+    #   on_worker_shutdown do
+    #     puts 'On worker shutdown...'
+    #   end
     def on_worker_shutdown(&block)
-      _ary(:before_worker_shutdown) << block
+      @options[:before_worker_shutdown] ||= []
+      @options[:before_worker_shutdown] << block
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Code to run in the master when it is
-    # about to create the worker by forking itself.
+    # Code to run in the master right before a worker is started. The worker's
+    # index is passed as an argument.
     #
-    # This can be called multiple times to add hooks.
+    # This can be called multiple times to add several hooks.
     #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example
+    #   on_worker_fork do
+    #     puts 'Before worker fork...'
+    #   end
     def on_worker_fork(&block)
-      _ary(:before_worker_fork) << block
+      @options[:before_worker_fork] ||= []
+      @options[:before_worker_fork] << block
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Code to run in the master after it starts
-    # a worker.
+    # Code to run in the master after a worker has been started. The worker's
+    # index is passed as an argument.
     #
-    # This can be called multiple times to add hooks.
+    # This is called everytime a worker is to be started.
     #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example
+    #   after_worker_fork do
+    #     puts 'After worker fork...'
+    #   end
     def after_worker_fork(&block)
-      _ary(:after_worker_fork) << block
+      @options[:after_worker_fork] ||= []
+      @options[:after_worker_fork] = block
     end
 
     alias_method :after_worker_boot, :after_worker_fork
 
+    # Code to run out-of-band when the worker is idle.
+    # These hooks run immediately after a request has finished
+    # processing and there are no busy threads on the worker.
+    # The worker doesn't accept new requests until this code finishes.
+    #
+    # This hook is useful for running out-of-band garbage collection
+    # or scheduling asynchronous tasks to execute after a response.
+    #
+    # This can be called multiple times to add several hooks.
+    def out_of_band(&block)
+      @options[:out_of_band] ||= []
+      @options[:out_of_band] << block
+    end
+
     # The directory to operate out of.
+    #
+    # The default is the current directory.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   directory '/u/apps/lolcat'
     def directory(dir)
       @options[:directory] = dir.to_s
     end
@@ -351,22 +542,28 @@ module Puma
       directory dir
     end
 
-    # Run the app as a raw TCP app instead of an HTTP rack app
+    # Run the app as a raw TCP app instead of an HTTP rack app.
     def tcp_mode
       @options[:mode] = :tcp
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Preload the application before starting
-    # the workers and setting up the listen ports. This conflicts
-    # with using the phased restart feature, you can't use both.
+    # Preload the application before starting the workers; this conflicts with
+    # phased restart feature. This is off by default.
     #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example
+    #   preload_app!
     def preload_app!(answer=true)
       @options[:preload_app] = answer
     end
 
-    # Use +obj+ or +block+ as the low level error handler. This allows a config file to
-    # change the default error on the server.
+    # Use +obj+ or +block+ as the low level error handler. This allows the
+    # configuration file to change the default error on the server.
     #
+    # @example
+    #   lowlevel_error_handler do |err|
+    #     [200, {}, ["error page"]]
+    #   end
     def lowlevel_error_handler(obj=nil, &block)
       obj ||= block
       raise "Provide either a #call'able or a block" unless obj
@@ -376,40 +573,84 @@ module Puma
     # This option is used to allow your app and its gems to be
     # properly reloaded when not using preload.
     #
-    # When set, if puma detects that it's been invoked in the
+    # When set, if Puma detects that it's been invoked in the
     # context of Bundler, it will cleanup the environment and
     # re-run itself outside the Bundler environment, but directly
     # using the files that Bundler has setup.
     #
-    # This means that puma is now decoupled from your Bundler
+    # This means that Puma is now decoupled from your Bundler
     # context and when each worker loads, it will be loading a
     # new Bundler context and thus can float around as the release
     # dictates.
+    #
+    # @note This is incompatible with +preload_app!+.
     def prune_bundler(answer=true)
       @options[:prune_bundler] = answer
     end
 
-    # Additional text to display in process listing
+    # By default, Puma will raise SignalException when SIGTERM is received. In
+    # environments where SIGTERM is something expected, you can suppress these
+    # with this option.
+    #
+    # This can be useful for example in Kubernetes, where rolling restart is
+    # guaranteed usually on infrastructure level.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   raise_exception_on_sigterm false
+    def raise_exception_on_sigterm(answer=true)
+      @options[:raise_exception_on_sigterm] = answer
+    end
+
+    # Additional text to display in process listing.
+    #
+    # If you do not specify a tag, Puma will infer it. If you do not want Puma
+    # to add a tag, use an empty string.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   tag 'app name'
+    # @example
+    #   tag ''
     def tag(string)
       @options[:tag] = string.to_s
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Set the timeout for workers in seconds
-    # When set the master process will terminate any workers
-    # that have not checked in within the given +timeout+.
-    # This mitigates hung processes. Default value is 60 seconds.
+    # Verifies that all workers have checked in to the master process within
+    # the given timeout. If not the worker process will be restarted. This is
+    # not a request timeout, it is to protect against a hung or dead process.
+    # Setting this value will not protect against slow requests.
+    #
+    # The minimum value is 6 seconds, the default value is 60 seconds.
+    #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example
+    #   worker_timeout 60
     def worker_timeout(timeout)
+      timeout = Integer(timeout)
+      min = Const::WORKER_CHECK_INTERVAL
+
+      if timeout <= min
+        raise "The minimum worker_timeout must be greater than the worker reporting interval (#{min})"
+      end
+
       @options[:worker_timeout] = timeout
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Set the timeout for workers to boot
+    # Change the default worker timeout for booting.
+    #
+    # If unspecified, this defaults to the value of worker_timeout.
+    #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
+    # @example:
+    #   worker_boot_timeout 60
     def worker_boot_timeout(timeout)
-      @options[:worker_boot_timeout] = timeout
+      @options[:worker_boot_timeout] = Integer(timeout)
     end
 
-    # *Cluster mode only* Set the timeout for worker shutdown
+    # Set the timeout for worker shutdown
+    #
+    # @note Cluster mode only.
     def worker_shutdown_timeout(timeout)
-      @options[:worker_shutdown_timeout] = timeout
+      @options[:worker_shutdown_timeout] = Integer(timeout)
     end
 
     # When set to true (the default), workers accept all requests
@@ -424,7 +665,7 @@ module Puma
     # Note that setting this to false disables HTTP keepalive and
     # slow clients will occupy a handler thread while the request
     # is being sent. A reverse proxy, such as nginx, can handle
-    # slow clients and queue requests before they reach puma.
+    # slow clients and queue requests before they reach Puma.
     def queue_requests(answer=true)
       @options[:queue_requests] = answer
     end
@@ -453,7 +694,7 @@ module Puma
     #                          is used, allowing headers such as X-Forwarded-For
     #                          to be used as well.
     # * Any string - this allows you to hardcode remote address to any value
-    #                you wish. Because puma never uses this field anyway, it's
+    #                you wish. Because Puma never uses this field anyway, it's
     #                format is entirely in your hands.
     def set_remote_address(val=:socket)
       case val
@@ -468,7 +709,7 @@ module Puma
       when Hash
         if hdr = val[:header]
           @options[:remote_address] = :header
-          @options[:remote_address_header] = "HTTP_" + hdr.upcase.gsub("-", "_")
+          @options[:remote_address_header] = "HTTP_" + hdr.upcase.tr("-", "_")
         else
           raise "Invalid value for set_remote_address - #{val.inspect}"
         end
@@ -477,10 +718,5 @@ module Puma
       end
     end
 
-    private
-
-    def _ary(key)
-      (@options.cur[key] ||= [])
-    end
   end
 end