puma 3.12.2 → 4.2.1

data/docs/plugins.md

@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 ## Plugins
 
-Puma 3.0 added support for plugins that can augment configuration and service operations.
+Puma 3.0 added support for plugins that can augment configuration and service
+operations.
 
 2 canonical plugins to look to aid in development of further plugins:
 
-* [tmp\_restart](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/master/lib/puma/plugin/tmp_restart.rb): Restarts the server if the file `tmp/restart.txt` is touched
-* [heroku](https://github.com/puma/puma-heroku/blob/master/lib/puma/plugin/heroku.rb): Packages up the default configuration used by puma on Heroku
+* [tmp\_restart](https://github.com/puma/puma/blob/master/lib/puma/plugin/tmp_restart.rb):
+  Restarts the server if the file `tmp/restart.txt` is touched
+* [heroku](https://github.com/puma/puma-heroku/blob/master/lib/puma/plugin/heroku.rb):
+  Packages up the default configuration used by puma on Heroku
 
-Plugins are activated in a puma configuration file (such as `config/puma.rb'`) by adding `plugin "name"`, such as `plugin "heroku"`.
+Plugins are activated in a puma configuration file (such as `config/puma.rb'`)
+by adding `plugin "name"`, such as `plugin "heroku"`.
 
-Plugins are activated based simply on path requirements so, activating the `heroku` plugin will simply be doing `require "puma/plugin/heroku"`. This allows gems to provide multiple plugins (as well as unrelated gems to provide puma plugins).
+Plugins are activated based simply on path requirements so, activating the
+`heroku` plugin will simply be doing `require "puma/plugin/heroku"`. This
+allows gems to provide multiple plugins (as well as unrelated gems to provide
+puma plugins).
 
 The `tmp_restart` plugin is bundled with puma, so it can always be used.
 
@@ -17,12 +24,15 @@ To use the `heroku` plugin, add `puma-heroku` to your Gemfile or install it.
 
 ### API
 
-At present, there are 2 hooks that plugins can use: `start` and `config`.
+## Server-wide hooks
 
-`start` runs when the server has started and allows the plugin to start other functionality to augment puma.
+Plugins can use a couple of hooks at server level: `start` and `config`.
 
-`config` runs when the server is being configured and is passed a `Puma::DSL` object that can be used to add additional configuration.
+`start` runs when the server has started and allows the plugin to start other
+functionality to augment puma.
 
-Any public methods in `Puma::Plugin` are the public API that any plugin may use.
+`config` runs when the server is being configured and is passed a `Puma::DSL`
+object that can be used to add additional configuration.
 
-In the future, more hooks and APIs will be added.
+Any public methods in `Puma::Plugin` are the public API that any plugin may
+use.

data/docs/restart.md

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 To perform a restart, there are 3 builtin mechanisms:
 
-  * Send the `puma` process the `SIGUSR2` signal
-  * Send the `puma` process the `SIGUSR1` signal (rolling restart, cluster mode only)
+  * Send the `puma` process the `SIGUSR2` signal (normal restart)
+  * Send the `puma` process the `SIGUSR1` signal (restart in phases (a "rolling restart"), cluster mode only)
   * Use the status server and issue `/restart`
 
 No code is shared between the current and restarted process, so it should be safe to issue a restart any place where you would manually stop Puma and start it again.
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ But again beware, upgrading an application sometimes involves upgrading the data
 
 If you perform a lot of database migrations, you probably should not use phased restart and use a normal/hot restart instead (`pumactl restart`). That way, no code is shared while deploying (in that case, `preload_app!` might help for quicker deployment, see ["Clustered Mode" in the README](../README.md#clustered-mode)).
 
+**Note**: Hot and phased restarts are only available on MRI, not on JRuby. They are also unavailable on Windows servers.
+
 ### Release Directory
 
 If your symlink releases into a common working directory (i.e., `/current` from Capistrano), Puma won't pick up your new changes when running phased restarts without additional configuration. You should set your working directory within Puma's config to specify the directory it should use. This is a change from earlier versions of Puma (< 2.15) that would infer the directory for you.

data/docs/systemd.md

@@ -32,21 +32,26 @@ Type=simple
 # Preferably configure a non-privileged user
 # User=
 
-# The path to the puma application root
-# Also replace the "<WD>" place holders below with this path.
-WorkingDirectory=
+# The path to the your application code root directory.
+# Also replace the "<YOUR_APP_PATH>" place holders below with this path.
+# Example /home/username/myapp
+WorkingDirectory=<YOUR_APP_PATH>
 
 # Helpful for debugging socket activation, etc.
 # Environment=PUMA_DEBUG=1
 
-# The command to start Puma. This variant uses a binstub generated via
-# `bundle binstubs puma --path ./sbin` in the WorkingDirectory
-# (replace "<WD>" below)
-ExecStart=<WD>/sbin/puma -b tcp://0.0.0.0:9292 -b ssl://0.0.0.0:9293?key=key.pem&cert=cert.pem
+# SystemD will not run puma even if it is in your path. You must specify
+# an absolute URL to puma. For example /usr/local/bin/puma
+# Alternatively, create a binstub with `bundle binstubs puma --path ./sbin` in the WorkingDirectory
+ExecStart=/<FULLPATH>/bin/puma -C <YOUR_APP_PATH>/puma.rb
+
+# Variant: Rails start.
+# ExecStart=/<FULLPATH>/bin/puma -C <YOUR_APP_PATH>/config/puma.rb ../config.ru
 
-# Variant: Use config file with `bind` directives instead:
-# ExecStart=<WD>/sbin/puma -C config.rb
 # Variant: Use `bundle exec --keep-file-descriptors puma` instead of binstub
+# Variant: Specify directives inline.
+# ExecStart=/<FULLPATH>/puma -b tcp://0.0.0.0:9292 -b ssl://0.0.0.0:9293?key=key.pem&cert=cert.pem
+
 
 Restart=always
 
@@ -66,6 +71,13 @@ listening sockets open across puma restarts and achieves graceful
 restarts, including when upgraded puma, and is compatible with both
 clustered mode and application preload.
 
+**Note:** Any wrapper scripts which `exec`, or other indirections in
+`ExecStart`, may result in activated socket file descriptors being closed
+before they reach the puma master process. For example, if using `bundle exec`,
+pass the `--keep-file-descriptors` flag. `bundle exec` can be avoided by using a
+`puma` executable generated by `bundle binstubs puma`. This is tracked in
+[#1499].
+
 **Note:** Socket activation doesn't currently work on jruby. This is
 tracked in [#1367].
 
@@ -247,6 +259,12 @@ PIDFile=/shared/tmp/pids/puma.pid
 # reconsider if you actually need the forking config.
 Restart=no
 
+# `puma_ctl restart` wouldn't work without this. It's because `pumactl`
+# changes PID on restart and systemd stops the service afterwards
+# because of the PID change. This option prevents stopping after PID
+# change.
+RemainAfterExit=yes
+
 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 ~~~~

data/ext/puma_http11/PumaHttp11Service.java

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ import org.jruby.Ruby;
 import org.jruby.runtime.load.BasicLibraryService;
 
 import org.jruby.puma.Http11;
+import org.jruby.puma.IOBuffer;
 import org.jruby.puma.MiniSSL;
 
 public class PumaHttp11Service implements BasicLibraryService { 
     public boolean basicLoad(final Ruby runtime) throws IOException {
         Http11.createHttp11(runtime);
+        IOBuffer.createIOBuffer(runtime);
         MiniSSL.createMiniSSL(runtime);
         return true;
     }

data/ext/puma_http11/extconf.rb

@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ unless ENV["DISABLE_SSL"]
       %w'ssl ssleay32'.find {|ssl| have_library(ssl, 'SSL_CTX_new')}
 
     have_header "openssl/bio.h"
+
+    # below is  yes for 1.0.2 & later
+    have_func  "DTLS_method"                  , "openssl/ssl.h"
+
+    # below are yes for 1.1.0 & later, may need to check func rather than macro
+    # with versions after 1.1.1
+    have_func  "TLS_server_method"            , "openssl/ssl.h"
+    have_macro "SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version", "openssl/ssl.h"
   end
 end
 

data/ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static void snake_upcase_char(char *c)
 
 #line 40 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
 static const int puma_parser_start = 1;
-static const int puma_parser_first_final = 47;
+static const int puma_parser_first_final = 46;
 static const int puma_parser_error = 0;
 
 static const int puma_parser_en_main = 1;
@@ -117,17 +117,17 @@ case 2:
 #line 118 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
 	switch( (*p) ) {
 		case 32: goto tr2;
-		case 36: goto st28;
-		case 95: goto st28;
+		case 36: goto st27;
+		case 95: goto st27;
 	}
 	if ( (*p) < 48 ) {
 		if ( 45 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 46 )
-			goto st28;
+			goto st27;
 	} else if ( (*p) > 57 ) {
 		if ( 65 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 90 )
-			goto st28;
+			goto st27;
 	} else
-		goto st28;
+		goto st27;
 	goto st0;
 tr2:
 #line 48 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ tr37:
     parser->request_uri(parser, PTR_TO(mark), LEN(mark, p));
   }
 	goto st5;
-tr44:
+tr41:
 #line 58 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
 	{ MARK(query_start, p); }
 #line 59 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ tr44:
     parser->request_uri(parser, PTR_TO(mark), LEN(mark, p));
   }
 	goto st5;
-tr47:
+tr44:
 #line 59 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
 	{
     parser->query_string(parser, PTR_TO(query_start), LEN(query_start, p));
@@ -362,13 +362,13 @@ tr22:
 	{
     parser->body_start = p - buffer + 1;
     parser->header_done(parser, p + 1, pe - p - 1);
-    {p++; cs = 47; goto _out;}
+    {p++; cs = 46; goto _out;}
   }
-	goto st47;
-st47:
+	goto st46;
+st46:
 	if ( ++p == pe )
-		goto _test_eof47;
-case 47:
+		goto _test_eof46;
+case 46:
 #line 373 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
 	goto st0;
 tr21:
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ tr38:
     parser->request_uri(parser, PTR_TO(mark), LEN(mark, p));
   }
 	goto st20;
-tr45:
+tr42:
 #line 58 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
 	{ MARK(query_start, p); }
 #line 59 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ tr45:
     parser->request_uri(parser, PTR_TO(mark), LEN(mark, p));
   }
 	goto st20;
-tr48:
+tr45:
 #line 59 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
 	{
     parser->query_string(parser, PTR_TO(query_start), LEN(query_start, p));
@@ -576,10 +576,9 @@ case 24:
 		case 32: goto tr37;
 		case 34: goto st0;
 		case 35: goto tr38;
-		case 59: goto tr39;
 		case 60: goto st0;
 		case 62: goto st0;
-		case 63: goto tr40;
+		case 63: goto tr39;
 		case 127: goto st0;
 	}
 	if ( 0 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 31 )
@@ -595,30 +594,27 @@ st25:
 	if ( ++p == pe )
 		goto _test_eof25;
 case 25:
-#line 599 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
+#line 598 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
 	switch( (*p) ) {
-		case 32: goto tr8;
+		case 32: goto tr41;
 		case 34: goto st0;
-		case 35: goto tr9;
+		case 35: goto tr42;
 		case 60: goto st0;
 		case 62: goto st0;
-		case 63: goto st26;
 		case 127: goto st0;
 	}
 	if ( 0 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 31 )
 		goto st0;
-	goto st25;
+	goto tr40;
 tr40:
-#line 67 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
-	{
-    parser->request_path(parser, PTR_TO(mark), LEN(mark,p));
-  }
+#line 58 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
+	{ MARK(query_start, p); }
 	goto st26;
 st26:
 	if ( ++p == pe )
 		goto _test_eof26;
 case 26:
-#line 622 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
+#line 618 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
 	switch( (*p) ) {
 		case 32: goto tr44;
 		case 34: goto st0;
@@ -629,27 +625,25 @@ case 26:
 	}
 	if ( 0 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 31 )
 		goto st0;
-	goto tr43;
-tr43:
-#line 58 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.rl"
-	{ MARK(query_start, p); }
-	goto st27;
+	goto st26;
 st27:
 	if ( ++p == pe )
 		goto _test_eof27;
 case 27:
-#line 642 "ext/puma_http11/http11_parser.c"
 	switch( (*p) ) {
-		case 32: goto tr47;
-		case 34: goto st0;
-		case 35: goto tr48;
-		case 60: goto st0;
-		case 62: goto st0;
-		case 127: goto st0;
+		case 32: goto tr2;
+		case 36: goto st28;
+		case 95: goto st28;
 	}
-	if ( 0 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 31 )
-		goto st0;
-	goto st27;
+	if ( (*p) < 48 ) {
+		if ( 45 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 46 )
+			goto st28;
+	} else if ( (*p) > 57 ) {
+		if ( 65 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 90 )
+			goto st28;
+	} else
+		goto st28;
+	goto st0;
 st28:
 	if ( ++p == pe )
 		goto _test_eof28;
@@ -960,24 +954,6 @@ st45:
 	if ( ++p == pe )
 		goto _test_eof45;
 case 45:
-	switch( (*p) ) {
-		case 32: goto tr2;
-		case 36: goto st46;
-		case 95: goto st46;
-	}
-	if ( (*p) < 48 ) {
-		if ( 45 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 46 )
-			goto st46;
-	} else if ( (*p) > 57 ) {
-		if ( 65 <= (*p) && (*p) <= 90 )
-			goto st46;
-	} else
-		goto st46;
-	goto st0;
-st46:
-	if ( ++p == pe )
-		goto _test_eof46;
-case 46:
 	if ( (*p) == 32 )
 		goto tr2;
 	goto st0;
@@ -997,7 +973,7 @@ case 46:
 	_test_eof14: cs = 14; goto _test_eof; 
 	_test_eof15: cs = 15; goto _test_eof; 
 	_test_eof16: cs = 16; goto _test_eof; 
-	_test_eof47: cs = 47; goto _test_eof; 
+	_test_eof46: cs = 46; goto _test_eof; 
 	_test_eof17: cs = 17; goto _test_eof; 
 	_test_eof18: cs = 18; goto _test_eof; 
 	_test_eof19: cs = 19; goto _test_eof; 
@@ -1027,7 +1003,6 @@ case 46:
 	_test_eof43: cs = 43; goto _test_eof; 
 	_test_eof44: cs = 44; goto _test_eof; 
 	_test_eof45: cs = 45; goto _test_eof; 
-	_test_eof46: cs = 46; goto _test_eof; 
 
 	_test_eof: {}
 	_out: {}

data/ext/puma_http11/http11_parser_common.rl

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 %%{
-  
+
   machine puma_parser_common;
 
 #### HTTP PROTOCOL GRAMMAR
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
   unreserved = (alpha | digit | safe | extra | national);
   escape = ("%" xdigit xdigit);
   uchar = (unreserved | escape | "%");
-  pchar = (uchar | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+");
+  pchar = (uchar | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | ";");
   tspecials = ("(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@" | "," | ";" | ":" | "\\" | "\"" | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "=" | "{" | "}" | " " | "\t");
 
 # elements
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
   query = ( uchar | reserved )* %query_string ;
   param = ( pchar | "/" )* ;
   params = ( param ( ";" param )* ) ;
-  rel_path = ( path? %request_path (";" params)? ) ("?" %start_query query)?;
+  rel_path = ( path? %request_path ) ("?" %start_query query)?;
   absolute_path = ( "/"+ rel_path );
 
   Request_URI = ( "*" | absolute_uri | absolute_path ) >mark %request_uri;

data/ext/puma_http11/mini_ssl.c

@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ VALUE engine_init_server(VALUE self, VALUE mini_ssl_ctx) {
   VALUE obj;
   SSL_CTX* ctx;
   SSL* ssl;
+  int min, ssl_options;
 
   ms_conn* conn = engine_alloc(self, &obj);
 
@@ -164,7 +165,17 @@ VALUE engine_init_server(VALUE self, VALUE mini_ssl_ctx) {
   ID sym_ssl_cipher_filter = rb_intern("ssl_cipher_filter");
   VALUE ssl_cipher_filter = rb_funcall(mini_ssl_ctx, sym_ssl_cipher_filter, 0);
 
+  ID sym_no_tlsv1 = rb_intern("no_tlsv1");
+  VALUE no_tlsv1 = rb_funcall(mini_ssl_ctx, sym_no_tlsv1, 0);
+
+  ID sym_no_tlsv1_1 = rb_intern("no_tlsv1_1");
+  VALUE no_tlsv1_1 = rb_funcall(mini_ssl_ctx, sym_no_tlsv1_1, 0);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TLS_SERVER_METHOD
+  ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_server_method());
+#else
   ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_server_method());
+#endif
   conn->ctx = ctx;
 
   SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(cert));
@@ -175,7 +186,36 @@ VALUE engine_init_server(VALUE self, VALUE mini_ssl_ctx) {
     SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(ca), NULL);
   }
 
-  SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 | SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE | SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE | SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION);
+  ssl_options = SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE | SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE | SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_MIN_PROTO_VERSION
+  if (RTEST(no_tlsv1_1)) {
+    min = TLS1_2_VERSION;
+  }
+  else if (RTEST(no_tlsv1)) {
+    min = TLS1_1_VERSION;
+  }
+  else {
+    min = TLS1_VERSION;
+  }
+  
+  SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(ctx, min);
+
+  SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, ssl_options);
+
+#else
+  /* As of 1.0.2f, SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE key use is always on */
+  ssl_options |= SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 | SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE;
+
+  if (RTEST(no_tlsv1)) {
+    ssl_options |= SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1;
+  }
+  if(RTEST(no_tlsv1_1)) {
+    ssl_options |= SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1 | SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1;
+  }
+  SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, ssl_options);
+#endif
+
   SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(ctx, SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF);
 
   if (!NIL_P(ssl_cipher_filter)) {
@@ -189,12 +229,18 @@ VALUE engine_init_server(VALUE self, VALUE mini_ssl_ctx) {
   DH *dh = get_dh1024();
   SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(ctx, dh);
 
-#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ECDH
-  EC_KEY *ecdh = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_secp521r1);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10002000L
+  // Remove this case if OpenSSL 1.0.1 (now EOL) support is no
+  // longer needed.
+  EC_KEY *ecdh = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_X9_62_prime256v1);
   if (ecdh) {
     SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(ctx, ecdh);
     EC_KEY_free(ecdh);
   }
+#elif OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L || defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+  // Prior to OpenSSL 1.1.0, servers must manually enable server-side ECDH
+  // negotiation.
+  SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto(ctx, 1);
 #endif
 
   ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
@@ -216,8 +262,11 @@ VALUE engine_init_server(VALUE self, VALUE mini_ssl_ctx) {
 VALUE engine_init_client(VALUE klass) {
   VALUE obj;
   ms_conn* conn = engine_alloc(klass, &obj);
-
+#ifdef HAVE_DTLS_METHOD
+  conn->ctx = SSL_CTX_new(DTLS_method());
+#else
   conn->ctx = SSL_CTX_new(DTLSv1_method());
+#endif
   conn->ssl = SSL_new(conn->ctx);
   SSL_set_app_data(conn->ssl, NULL);
   SSL_set_verify(conn->ssl, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL);
@@ -436,14 +485,35 @@ void Init_mini_ssl(VALUE puma) {
   // OpenSSL Build / Runtime/Load versions
 
   /* Version of OpenSSL that Puma was compiled with */
-	rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_VERSION", rb_str_new2(OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT));
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_VERSION", rb_str_new2(OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT));
 
 #if !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER) && OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
-	/* Version of OpenSSL that Puma loaded with */
-	rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION", rb_str_new2(OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION)));
+  /* Version of OpenSSL that Puma loaded with */
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION", rb_str_new2(OpenSSL_version(OPENSSL_VERSION)));
 #else
-	rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION", rb_str_new2(SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)));
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_LIBRARY_VERSION", rb_str_new2(SSLeay_version(SSLEAY_VERSION)));
 #endif
+ 
+#if defined(OPENSSL_NO_SSL3) || defined(OPENSSL_NO_SSL3_METHOD) 
+  /* True if SSL3 is not available */ 
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_NO_SSL3", Qtrue); 
+#else 
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_NO_SSL3", Qfalse); 
+#endif 
+
+#if defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1) || defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_METHOD) 
+  /* True if TLS1 is not available */ 
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_NO_TLS1", Qtrue); 
+#else 
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_NO_TLS1", Qfalse); 
+#endif 
+
+#if defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_1) || defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_1_METHOD) 
+  /* True if TLS1_1 is not available */ 
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_1", Qtrue); 
+#else 
+  rb_define_const(mod, "OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_1", Qfalse); 
+#endif 
 
   rb_define_singleton_method(mod, "check", noop, 0);