protocol-http 0.17.0 → 0.21.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/.editorconfig

@@ -3,4 +3,3 @@ root = true
 [*]
 indent_style = tab
 indent_size = 2
-

data/.github/workflows/development.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+name: Development
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}-latest
+    continue-on-error: ${{matrix.experimental}}
+    
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os:
+          - ubuntu
+          - macos
+        
+        ruby:
+          - 2.5
+          - 2.6
+          - 2.7
+        
+        experimental: [false]
+        env: [""]
+        
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu
+            ruby: truffleruby
+            experimental: true
+          - os: ubuntu
+            ruby: jruby
+            experimental: true
+          - os: ubuntu
+            ruby: head
+            experimental: true
+    
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: ioquatix/setup-ruby@master
+      with:
+        ruby-version: ${{matrix.ruby}}
+        bundler-cache: true
+    
+    - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 5
+      run: ${{matrix.env}} bundle exec rspec

data/.gitignore

@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 /pkg/
 /spec/reports/
 /tmp/
+/external/
 
 # rspec failure tracking
 .rspec_status
-Gemfile.lock
+/gems.locked
 .covered.db

data/README.md

@@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
 
 Provides abstractions for working with the HTTP protocol.
 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.com/socketry/protocol-http.svg?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.com/socketry/protocol-http)
+[![Development Status](https://github.com/socketry/protocol-http/workflows/Development/badge.svg)](https://github.com/socketry/protocol-http/actions?workflow=Development)
 
 ## Installation
 
 Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
 
-```ruby
+``` ruby
 gem 'protocol-http'
 ```
 
 And then execute:
 
-	$ bundle
+    $ bundle
 
 Or install it yourself as:
 
-	$ gem install protocol-http
+    $ gem install protocol-http
 
 ## Usage
 
 ### Headers
 
-```ruby
+``` ruby
 require 'protocol/http/headers'
 
 headers = Protocol::HTTP::Headers.new
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ headers['content-type']
 
 ### Reference
 
-```ruby
+``` ruby
 require 'protocol/http/reference'
 
 reference = Protocol::HTTP::Reference.new("/search", q: 'kittens')
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ reference.to_s
 
 ### URL
 
-```ruby
+``` ruby
 require 'protocol/http/url'
 
 reference = Protocol::HTTP::Reference.parse("/search?q=kittens")
@@ -59,17 +59,17 @@ parameters = Protocol::HTTP::URL.decode(reference.query_string)
 
 ## Contributing
 
-1. Fork it
-2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
-3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
-4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
-5. Create new Pull Request
+1.  Fork it
+2.  Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
+3.  Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
+4.  Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
+5.  Create new Pull Request
 
 ## License
 
 Released under the MIT license.
 
-Copyright, 2019, by [Samuel G. D. Williams](http://www.codeotaku.com/samuel-williams).  
+Copyright, 2019, by [Samuel G. D. Williams](http://www.codeotaku.com/samuel-williams).
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

data/STREAMING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Streaming
+
+Streaming is a complex topic given that most server's are not scalable in this respect. A variety of solutions exist to work around limited server implementations, but they impose significant burden on the implementation and are generally incompatible with implementations of HTTP which are not request per connection. We propose to simplify the current Rack implementation to support streaming in a consistent way, but also allow for backwards compatibility with existing servers.
+
+## Current Implementation
+
+Rack currently supports streaming using `rack.hijack`. There are two ways to hijack the underlying socket for a given request: a partial hijack and a full hijack. Not all servers support both modes of operation and neither method is fully compatible with HTTP/2.
+
+### Partial Hijack
+
+A partial hijack allows the web server to respond with the response status, headers, and then yields the stream back to the application code. It does this by using a special `rack.hijack` header:
+
+``` ruby
+def call(env)
+	body = proc do |stream|
+		stream.write("Hello World")
+		stream.close
+	end
+	
+	if env['rack.hijack?']
+		return [200, {'rack.hijack' => body}, nil]
+	end
+end
+```
+
+- It is not clear whether the body needs to handle the formatting of the response, i.e. chunked encoding, compression, transfer encoding, etc.
+- It mixes `rack.` specific headers with normal HTTP headers which is computationally expensive for the server to detect.
+- It's not clear what the returned body should be.
+
+### Full Hijack
+
+A full hijack allows the web server to completely take control of the underlying socket. This occurs at the point the `rack.hijack` is invoked.
+
+``` ruby
+def call(env)
+	if hijack = env['rack.hijack']
+		socket = hijack.call
+		
+		Thread.new do
+			socket.write("Hello World")
+			socket.close
+		end
+		
+		return nil # ???
+	end
+end
+```
+
+- The socket might not actually be a raw socket, if the server is using TLS.
+- Extreme care is required in order to handle the protocol correctly.
+- It's not clear if such a design can work with anything other than HTTP/1.
+- The user code **must** return from the `call(env)` method in order for the server continue handling requests.
+- It's not clear what the response should be.
+
+## Typical Scenarios
+
+There are several typical scenarios where `rack.hijack` has been used.
+
+### ActionCable
+
+ActionCable uses full hijack in order to negotiate and communicate using WebSocket protocol. Such a design requires the ActionCable server to run in the same process as the web server.
+
+### MessageBus
+
+MessageBus uses full hijack in order to keep the socket alive and feed messages occasionally.
+
+## Supporting HTTP/2
+
+It is possible to support partial hijack in HTTP/2. The hijacked stream is multiplexed the same as any other connection. However, such a design cannot be thread safe without significant design trade-offs.

data/bake.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+def external
+	require 'bundler'
+	
+	Bundler.with_unbundled_env do
+		clone_and_test("protocol-http1")
+		clone_and_test("protocol-http2")
+		clone_and_test("async-websocket")
+		clone_and_test("async-http")
+		clone_and_test("async-rest")
+		clone_and_test("falcon")
+	end
+end
+
+private
+
+def clone_and_test(name)
+	path = "external/#{name}"
+	
+	unless File.exist?(path)
+		system("git", "clone", "https://git@github.com/socketry/#{name}", path)
+	end
+	
+	gemfile = [
+		File.join(path, "gems.rb"),
+		File.join(path, "Gemfile"),
+	].find{|path| File.exist?(path)}
+	
+	system("git", "checkout", "-f", File.basename(gemfile), chdir: path)
+	
+	File.open(gemfile, "a") do |file|
+		file.puts('', 'gem "protocol-http", path: "../../"')
+	end
+	
+	system("bundle install && bundle exec rspec", chdir: path)
+end

data/{Gemfile → gems.rb}

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ source "https://rubygems.org"
 # Specify your gem's dependencies in protocol-http.gemspec
 gemspec
 
+group :maintenance, optional: true do
+	gem "bake-modernize"
+	gem "bake-bundler"
+end
+
 group :test do
 	gem 'async-io'
 	gem 'async-rspec'

data/lib/protocol/http/body/buffered.rb

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ module Protocol
 					@length = length
 					
 					@index = 0
+					@digest = nil
 				end
 				
 				attr :chunks
@@ -72,6 +73,11 @@ module Protocol
 					@index >= @chunks.length
 				end
 				
+				# A buffered response is always ready.
+				def ready?
+					true
+				end
+				
 				def read
 					if chunk = @chunks[@index]
 						@index += 1

data/lib/protocol/http/body/{streamable.rb → completable.rb}

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-# Copyright, 2018, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
+# Copyright, 2020, by Samuel G. D. Williams. <http://www.codeotaku.com>
 # 
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ require_relative 'wrapper'
 module Protocol
 	module HTTP
 		module Body
-			# Invokes a callback once the body has finished reading.
-			class Streamable < Wrapper
+			# Invokes a callback once the body has completed, either successfully or due to an error.
+			class Completable < Wrapper
 				def self.wrap(message, &block)
 					if body = message&.body and !body.empty?
 						message.body = self.new(message.body, block)

data/lib/protocol/http/body/file.rb

@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ module Protocol
 					@remaining == 0
 				end
 				
+				def ready?
+					true
+				end
+				
 				def rewind
 					@file.seek(@offset)
 				end

data/lib/protocol/http/body/head.rb

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ module Protocol
 					true
 				end
 				
+				def ready?
+					true
+				end
+				
 				def length
 					@length
 				end

data/lib/protocol/http/body/readable.rb

@@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ module Protocol
 					false
 				end
 				
+				# Whether calling read will block.
+				# We prefer pessimistic implementation, and thus default to `false`.
+				# @return [Boolean]
+				def ready?
+					false
+				end
+				
 				def length
 					nil
 				end
@@ -53,6 +60,21 @@ module Protocol
 					nil
 				end
 				
+				# Should the internal mechanism prefer to use {call}?
+				# @returns [Boolean]
+				def stream?
+					false
+				end
+				
+				# Write the body to the given stream.
+				def call(stream)
+					while chunk = self.read
+						stream.write(chunk)
+					end
+				ensure
+					stream.close($!)
+				end
+				
 				# Read all remaining chunks into a buffered body and close the underlying input.
 				def finish
 					# Internally, this invokes `self.each` which then invokes `self.close`.

data/lib/protocol/http/body/rewindable.rb

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ module Protocol
 					(@index >= @chunks.size) && super
 				end
 				
+				def ready?
+					(@index < @chunks.size) || super
+				end
+				
 				# A rewindable body wraps some other body. Convert it to a buffered body 
 				def buffered
 					Buffered.new(@chunks)

data/lib/protocol/http/body/wrapper.rb

@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ module Protocol
 					@body.empty?
 				end
 				
+				def ready?
+					@body.ready?
+				end
+				
 				def length
 					@body.length
 				end
@@ -67,6 +71,14 @@ module Protocol
 				def inspect
 					@body.inspect
 				end
+				
+				def stream?
+					@body.stream?
+				end
+				
+				def call(stream)
+					@body.call(stream)
+				end
 			end
 		end
 	end

data/lib/protocol/http/cookie.rb

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ module Protocol
 				URL.escape(@value)
 			end
 			
-			def to_str
+			def to_s
 				buffer = String.new.b
 				
 				buffer << encoded_name << '=' << encoded_value

data/lib/protocol/http/header/authorization.rb

@@ -26,21 +26,23 @@ module Protocol
 	module HTTP
 		module Header
 			# Used for basic authorization.
-			# @example headers.add('authorization', Authorization.new("samuel", "password"))
-			class Authorization
-				KEY = "Authorization"
-				
-				def initialize(username, password)
-					@username = username
-					@password = password
-				end
-				
-				def encoded
-					"#{@username}:#{@password}"
+			#
+			# ~~~ ruby
+			# headers.add('authorization', Authorization.basic("my_username", "my_password"))
+			# ~~~
+			class Authorization < String
+				# Splits the header and 
+				# @return [Tuple(String, String)]
+				def credentials
+					self.split(/\s+/, 2)
 				end
 				
-				def to_str
-					'Basic %s' % Base64.strict_encode64(self.encoded)
+				def self.basic(username, password)
+					encoded = "#{username}:#{password}"
+					
+					self.new(
+						"Basic #{Base64.strict_encode64(encoded)}"
+					)
 				end
 			end
 		end

data/lib/protocol/http/header/etag.rb

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 # THE SOFTWARE.
 
-require_relative 'split'
-
 module Protocol
 	module HTTP
 		module Header

data/lib/protocol/http/headers.rb

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ require_relative 'header/cache_control'
 require_relative 'header/etag'
 require_relative 'header/etags'
 require_relative 'header/vary'
+require_relative 'header/authorization'
 
 module Protocol
 	module HTTP
@@ -35,16 +36,31 @@ module Protocol
 		class Headers
 			Split = Header::Split
 			Multiple = Header::Multiple
+			
 			TRAILERS = 'trailers'
 			
-			# Construct an instance from a headers Array or Hash. No-op if already an instance of `Headers`.
+			# Construct an instance from a headers Array or Hash. No-op if already an instance of `Headers`. If the underlying array is frozen, it will be duped.
 			# @return [Headers] an instance of headers.
 			def self.[] headers
+				if headers.nil?
+					return self.new
+				end
+				
 				if headers.is_a?(self)
-					headers
-				else
-					self.new(headers.to_a)
+					if headers.frozen?
+						return headers.dup
+					else
+						return headers
+					end
+				end
+				
+				fields = headers.to_a
+				
+				if fields.frozen?
+					fields = fields.dup
 				end
+				
+				return self.new(fields)
 			end
 			
 			def initialize(fields = [], indexed = nil)
@@ -60,7 +76,6 @@ module Protocol
 				
 				@fields = @fields.dup
 				@indexed = @indexed.dup
-				@tail = nil
 			end
 			
 			def clear
@@ -69,25 +84,43 @@ module Protocol
 				@tail = nil
 			end
 			
-			# An array of `[key, value]` pairs.
-			attr :fields
+			# Flatten trailers into the headers.
+			def flatten!
+				if @tail
+					self.delete(TRAILERS)
+					@tail = nil
+				end
+				
+				return self
+			end
 			
-			# Mark the subsequent headers as trailers.
-			def trailers!
-				@tail ||= @fields.size
+			def flatten
+				self.dup.flatten!
 			end
 			
+			# An array of `[key, value]` pairs.
+			attr :fields
+			
 			# @return the trailers if there are any.
 			def trailers?
 				@tail != nil
 			end
 			
-			# Enumerate all trailers, including evaluating all deferred headers.
-			def trailers(&block)
+			# Record the current headers, and prepare to receive trailers.
+			def trailers!(&block)
 				return nil unless self.include?(TRAILERS)
 				
-				trailers!
+				@tail ||= @fields.size
+				
+				return to_enum(:trailers!) unless block_given?
 				
+				if @tail
+					@fields.drop(@tail).each(&block)
+				end
+			end
+			
+			# Enumerate all trailers, if there are any.
+			def trailers(&block)
 				return to_enum(:trailers) unless block_given?
 				
 				if @tail
@@ -138,6 +171,7 @@ module Protocol
 			end
 			
 			# Add the specified header key value pair.
+			#
 			# @param key [String] the header key.
 			# @param value [String] the header value to assign.
 			def add(key, value)
@@ -184,8 +218,6 @@ module Protocol
 				'user-agent' => false,
 				'referer' => false,
 				'host' => false,
-				'authorization' => false,
-				'proxy-authorization' => false,
 				'if-modified-since' => false,
 				'if-unmodified-since' => false,
 				'from' => false,
@@ -201,6 +233,10 @@ module Protocol
 				'via' => Split,
 				'x-forwarded-for' => Split,
 				
+				# Authorization headers:
+				'authorization' => Header::Authorization,
+				'proxy-authorization' => Header::Authorization,
+				
 				# Cache validations:
 				'etag' => Header::ETag,
 				'if-match' => Header::ETags,

data/lib/protocol/http/methods.rb

@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ module Protocol
 			
 			# Use Methods.constants to get all constants.
 			self.each do |name, value|
-				define_method(name.downcase) do |location, headers = [], body = nil|
+				define_method(name.downcase) do |location, headers = nil, body = nil|
 					self.call(
-						Request[value, location.to_str, Headers[headers], body]
+						Request[value, location.to_s, Headers[headers], body]
 					)
 				end
 			end

data/lib/protocol/http/reference.rb

@@ -110,12 +110,10 @@ module Protocol
 				return buffer
 			end
 			
-			def to_str
+			def to_s
 				append(String.new)
 			end
 			
-			alias to_s to_str
-			
 			# Merges two references as specified by RFC2396, similar to `URI.join`.
 			def + other
 				other = self.class[other]

data/lib/protocol/http/request.rb

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module Protocol
 		class Request
 			prepend Body::Reader
 			
-			def initialize(scheme = nil, authority = nil, method = nil, path = nil, version = nil, headers = [], body = nil, protocol = nil)
+			def initialize(scheme = nil, authority = nil, method = nil, path = nil, version = nil, headers = Headers.new, body = nil, protocol = nil)
 				@scheme = scheme
 				@authority = authority
 				@method = method
@@ -48,12 +48,6 @@ module Protocol
 			attr_accessor :body
 			attr_accessor :protocol
 			
-			def trailers
-				if @headers.respond_to?(:trailers)
-					@headers.trailers
-				end
-			end
-			
 			# Send the request to the given connection.
 			def call(connection)
 				connection.call(self)

data/lib/protocol/http/response.rb

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module Protocol
 		class Response
 			prepend Body::Reader
 			
-			def initialize(version = nil, status = 200, headers = [], body = nil, protocol = nil)
+			def initialize(version = nil, status = 200, headers = Headers.new, body = nil, protocol = nil)
 				@version = version
 				@status = status
 				@headers = headers
@@ -42,12 +42,6 @@ module Protocol
 			attr_accessor :body
 			attr_accessor :protocol
 			
-			def trailers
-				if @headers.respond_to?(:trailers)
-					@headers.trailers
-				end
-			end
-			
 			def hijack?
 				false
 			end
@@ -88,7 +82,7 @@ module Protocol
 				@status == 500
 			end
 			
-			def self.[](status, headers = [], body = nil, protocol = nil)
+			def self.[](status, headers = nil, body = nil, protocol = nil)
 				body = Body::Buffered.wrap(body)
 				headers = ::Protocol::HTTP::Headers[headers]
 				

data/lib/protocol/http/version.rb

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@
 
 module Protocol
 	module HTTP
-		VERSION = "0.17.0"
+		VERSION = "0.21.0"
 	end
 end

data/protocol-http.gemspec

@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 		f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/})
 	end
 	
-	spec.required_ruby_version = '~> 2.5'
+	spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.5'
 	
 	spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
 	
 	spec.add_development_dependency "covered"
 	spec.add_development_dependency "bundler"
-	spec.add_development_dependency "bake-bundler"
 	spec.add_development_dependency "rspec"
 end

metadata

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: protocol-http
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.17.0
+  version: 0.21.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Samuel Williams
-autorequire: 
+autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2020-04-07 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2020-11-14 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: covered
@@ -38,20 +38,6 @@ dependencies:
     - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '0'
-- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: bake-bundler
-  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    requirements:
-    - - ">="
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '0'
-  type: :development
-  prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    requirements:
-    - - ">="
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '0'
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: rspec
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
@@ -66,7 +52,7 @@ dependencies:
     - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '0'
-description: 
+description:
 email:
 - samuel.williams@oriontransfer.co.nz
 executables: []
@@ -74,14 +60,17 @@ extensions: []
 extra_rdoc_files: []
 files:
 - ".editorconfig"
+- ".github/workflows/development.yml"
 - ".gitignore"
 - ".rspec"
-- ".travis.yml"
-- Gemfile
 - README.md
+- STREAMING.md
+- bake.rb
+- gems.rb
 - lib/protocol/http.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/accept_encoding.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/body/buffered.rb
+- lib/protocol/http/body/completable.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/body/deflate.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/body/digestable.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/body/file.rb
@@ -91,7 +80,6 @@ files:
 - lib/protocol/http/body/reader.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/body/rewindable.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/body/stream.rb
-- lib/protocol/http/body/streamable.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/body/wrapper.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/content_encoding.rb
 - lib/protocol/http/cookie.rb
@@ -119,13 +107,13 @@ homepage: https://github.com/socketry/protocol-http
 licenses:
 - MIT
 metadata: {}
-post_install_message: 
+post_install_message:
 rdoc_options: []
 require_paths:
 - lib
 required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
-  - - "~>"
+  - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '2.5'
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
@@ -135,7 +123,7 @@ required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
 rubygems_version: 3.1.2
-signing_key: 
+signing_key:
 specification_version: 4
 summary: Provides abstractions to handle HTTP protocols.
 test_files: []

data/.travis.yml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-language: ruby
-dist: xenial
-cache: bundler
-
-script: bundle exec rspec
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - rvm: 2.5
-    - rvm: 2.6
-    - rvm: 2.7
-    - rvm: 2.6
-      env: COVERAGE=PartialSummary,Coveralls
-    - rvm: 2.7
-    - rvm: truffleruby
-    - rvm: jruby-head
-      env: JRUBY_OPTS="--debug -X+O"
-    - rvm: ruby-head
-  allow_failures:
-    - rvm: truffleruby
-    - rvm: ruby-head
-    - rvm: jruby-head