protoc 2.6.1.1 → 2.6.1.2

data/ext/protoc/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Reserve(int new_size) {
+  if (total_size_ >= new_size) return;
+
+  void** old_elements = elements_;
+  total_size_ = max(kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize,
+                    max(total_size_ * 2, new_size));
+  elements_ = new void*[total_size_];
+  if (old_elements != NULL) {
+    memcpy(elements_, old_elements, allocated_size_ * sizeof(elements_[0]));
+    delete [] old_elements;
+  }
+}
+
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Swap(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other) {
+  if (this == other) return;
+  void** swap_elements       = elements_;
+  int    swap_current_size   = current_size_;
+  int    swap_allocated_size = allocated_size_;
+  int    swap_total_size     = total_size_;
+
+  elements_       = other->elements_;
+  current_size_   = other->current_size_;
+  allocated_size_ = other->allocated_size_;
+  total_size_     = other->total_size_;
+
+  other->elements_       = swap_elements;
+  other->current_size_   = swap_current_size;
+  other->allocated_size_ = swap_allocated_size;
+  other->total_size_     = swap_total_size;
+}
+
+string* StringTypeHandlerBase::New() {
+  return new string;
+}
+void StringTypeHandlerBase::Delete(string* value) {
+  delete value;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+}  // namespace google

data/ext/protoc/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/repeated_field.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1603 @@
+// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
+// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
+//  Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
+//  Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
+//
+// RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField are used by generated protocol message
+// classes to manipulate repeated fields.  These classes are very similar to
+// STL's vector, but include a number of optimizations found to be useful
+// specifically in the case of Protocol Buffers.  RepeatedPtrField is
+// particularly different from STL vector as it manages ownership of the
+// pointers that it contains.
+//
+// Typically, clients should not need to access RepeatedField objects directly,
+// but should instead use the accessor functions generated automatically by the
+// protocol compiler.
+
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REPEATED_FIELD_H__
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REPEATED_FIELD_H__
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// This is required for min/max on VS2013 only.
+#include <algorithm>
+#endif
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/type_traits.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
+
+namespace google {
+
+namespace upb {
+namespace google_opensource {
+class GMR_Handlers;
+}  // namespace google_opensource
+}  // namespace upb
+
+namespace protobuf {
+
+class Message;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+static const int kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize = 4;
+
+// A utility function for logging that doesn't need any template types.
+void LogIndexOutOfBounds(int index, int size);
+
+template <typename Iter>
+inline int CalculateReserve(Iter begin, Iter end, std::forward_iterator_tag) {
+  return std::distance(begin, end);
+}
+
+template <typename Iter>
+inline int CalculateReserve(Iter begin, Iter end, std::input_iterator_tag) {
+  return -1;
+}
+
+template <typename Iter>
+inline int CalculateReserve(Iter begin, Iter end) {
+  typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iter>::iterator_category Category;
+  return CalculateReserve(begin, end, Category());
+}
+}  // namespace internal
+
+
+// RepeatedField is used to represent repeated fields of a primitive type (in
+// other words, everything except strings and nested Messages).  Most users will
+// not ever use a RepeatedField directly; they will use the get-by-index,
+// set-by-index, and add accessors that are generated for all repeated fields.
+template <typename Element>
+class RepeatedField {
+ public:
+  RepeatedField();
+  RepeatedField(const RepeatedField& other);
+  template <typename Iter>
+  RepeatedField(Iter begin, const Iter& end);
+  ~RepeatedField();
+
+  RepeatedField& operator=(const RepeatedField& other);
+
+  bool empty() const;
+  int size() const;
+
+  const Element& Get(int index) const;
+  Element* Mutable(int index);
+  void Set(int index, const Element& value);
+  void Add(const Element& value);
+  Element* Add();
+  // Remove the last element in the array.
+  void RemoveLast();
+
+  // Extract elements with indices in "[start .. start+num-1]".
+  // Copy them into "elements[0 .. num-1]" if "elements" is not NULL.
+  // Caution: implementation also moves elements with indices [start+num ..].
+  // Calling this routine inside a loop can cause quadratic behavior.
+  void ExtractSubrange(int start, int num, Element* elements);
+
+  void Clear();
+  void MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other);
+  void CopyFrom(const RepeatedField& other);
+
+  // Reserve space to expand the field to at least the given size.  If the
+  // array is grown, it will always be at least doubled in size.
+  void Reserve(int new_size);
+
+  // Resize the RepeatedField to a new, smaller size.  This is O(1).
+  void Truncate(int new_size);
+
+  void AddAlreadyReserved(const Element& value);
+  Element* AddAlreadyReserved();
+  int Capacity() const;
+
+  // Like STL resize.  Uses value to fill appended elements.
+  // Like Truncate() if new_size <= size(), otherwise this is
+  // O(new_size - size()).
+  void Resize(int new_size, const Element& value);
+
+  // Gets the underlying array.  This pointer is possibly invalidated by
+  // any add or remove operation.
+  Element* mutable_data();
+  const Element* data() const;
+
+  // Swap entire contents with "other".
+  void Swap(RepeatedField* other);
+
+  // Swap two elements.
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2);
+
+  // STL-like iterator support
+  typedef Element* iterator;
+  typedef const Element* const_iterator;
+  typedef Element value_type;
+  typedef value_type& reference;
+  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+  typedef value_type* pointer;
+  typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+  iterator begin();
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  iterator end();
+  const_iterator end() const;
+
+  // Reverse iterator support
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+  reverse_iterator rbegin() {
+    return reverse_iterator(end());
+  }
+  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(end());
+  }
+  reverse_iterator rend() {
+    return reverse_iterator(begin());
+  }
+  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
+  }
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes used by the repeated field, excluding
+  // sizeof(*this)
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const;
+
+ private:
+  static const int kInitialSize = 0;
+
+  Element* elements_;
+  int      current_size_;
+  int      total_size_;
+
+  // Move the contents of |from| into |to|, possibly clobbering |from| in the
+  // process.  For primitive types this is just a memcpy(), but it could be
+  // specialized for non-primitive types to, say, swap each element instead.
+  void MoveArray(Element to[], Element from[], int size);
+
+  // Copy the elements of |from| into |to|.
+  void CopyArray(Element to[], const Element from[], int size);
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+template <typename It> class RepeatedPtrIterator;
+template <typename It, typename VoidPtr> class RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator;
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// This is a helper template to copy an array of elements effeciently when they
+// have a trivial copy constructor, and correctly otherwise. This really
+// shouldn't be necessary, but our compiler doesn't optimize std::copy very
+// effectively.
+template <typename Element,
+          bool HasTrivialCopy = has_trivial_copy<Element>::value>
+struct ElementCopier {
+  void operator()(Element to[], const Element from[], int array_size);
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// This is the common base class for RepeatedPtrFields.  It deals only in void*
+// pointers.  Users should not use this interface directly.
+//
+// The methods of this interface correspond to the methods of RepeatedPtrField,
+// but may have a template argument called TypeHandler.  Its signature is:
+//   class TypeHandler {
+//    public:
+//     typedef MyType Type;
+//     static Type* New();
+//     static void Delete(Type*);
+//     static void Clear(Type*);
+//     static void Merge(const Type& from, Type* to);
+//
+//     // Only needs to be implemented if SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() is called.
+//     static int SpaceUsed(const Type&);
+//   };
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT RepeatedPtrFieldBase {
+ protected:
+  // The reflection implementation needs to call protected methods directly,
+  // reinterpreting pointers as being to Message instead of a specific Message
+  // subclass.
+  friend class GeneratedMessageReflection;
+
+  // ExtensionSet stores repeated message extensions as
+  // RepeatedPtrField<MessageLite>, but non-lite ExtensionSets need to
+  // implement SpaceUsed(), and thus need to call SpaceUsedExcludingSelf()
+  // reinterpreting MessageLite as Message.  ExtensionSet also needs to make
+  // use of AddFromCleared(), which is not part of the public interface.
+  friend class ExtensionSet;
+
+  // To parse directly into a proto2 generated class, the upb class GMR_Handlers
+  // needs to be able to modify a RepeatedPtrFieldBase directly.
+  friend class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT upb::google_opensource::GMR_Handlers;
+
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase();
+
+  // Must be called from destructor.
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void Destroy();
+
+  bool empty() const;
+  int size() const;
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  const typename TypeHandler::Type& Get(int index) const;
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* Mutable(int index);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* Add();
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void RemoveLast();
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void Clear();
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void MergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other);
+
+  void CloseGap(int start, int num) {
+    // Close up a gap of "num" elements starting at offset "start".
+    for (int i = start + num; i < allocated_size_; ++i)
+      elements_[i - num] = elements_[i];
+    current_size_ -= num;
+    allocated_size_ -= num;
+  }
+
+  void Reserve(int new_size);
+
+  int Capacity() const;
+
+  // Used for constructing iterators.
+  void* const* raw_data() const;
+  void** raw_mutable_data() const;
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type** mutable_data();
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  const typename TypeHandler::Type* const* data() const;
+
+  void Swap(RepeatedPtrFieldBase* other);
+
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2);
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const;
+
+
+  // Advanced memory management --------------------------------------
+
+  // Like Add(), but if there are no cleared objects to use, returns NULL.
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* AddFromCleared();
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void AddAllocated(typename TypeHandler::Type* value);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* ReleaseLast();
+
+  int ClearedCount() const;
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  void AddCleared(typename TypeHandler::Type* value);
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* ReleaseCleared();
+
+ private:
+  static const int kInitialSize = 0;
+
+  void** elements_;
+  int    current_size_;
+  int    allocated_size_;
+  int    total_size_;
+
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  static inline typename TypeHandler::Type* cast(void* element) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<typename TypeHandler::Type*>(element);
+  }
+  template <typename TypeHandler>
+  static inline const typename TypeHandler::Type* cast(const void* element) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const typename TypeHandler::Type*>(element);
+  }
+
+  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RepeatedPtrFieldBase);
+};
+
+template <typename GenericType>
+class GenericTypeHandler {
+ public:
+  typedef GenericType Type;
+  static GenericType* New() { return new GenericType; }
+  static void Delete(GenericType* value) { delete value; }
+  static void Clear(GenericType* value) { value->Clear(); }
+  static void Merge(const GenericType& from, GenericType* to) {
+    to->MergeFrom(from);
+  }
+  static int SpaceUsed(const GenericType& value) { return value.SpaceUsed(); }
+  static const Type& default_instance() { return Type::default_instance(); }
+};
+
+template <>
+inline void GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::Merge(
+    const MessageLite& from, MessageLite* to) {
+  to->CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(from);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline const MessageLite& GenericTypeHandler<MessageLite>::default_instance() {
+  // Yes, the behavior of the code is undefined, but this function is only
+  // called when we're already deep into the world of undefined, because the
+  // caller called Get(index) out of bounds.
+  MessageLite* null = NULL;
+  return *null;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline const Message& GenericTypeHandler<Message>::default_instance() {
+  // Yes, the behavior of the code is undefined, but this function is only
+  // called when we're already deep into the world of undefined, because the
+  // caller called Get(index) out of bounds.
+  Message* null = NULL;
+  return *null;
+}
+
+
+// HACK:  If a class is declared as DLL-exported in MSVC, it insists on
+//   generating copies of all its methods -- even inline ones -- to include
+//   in the DLL.  But SpaceUsed() calls StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelf() which
+//   isn't in the lite library, therefore the lite library cannot link if
+//   StringTypeHandler is exported.  So, we factor out StringTypeHandlerBase,
+//   export that, then make StringTypeHandler be a subclass which is NOT
+//   exported.
+// TODO(kenton):  There has to be a better way.
+class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT StringTypeHandlerBase {
+ public:
+  typedef string Type;
+  static string* New();
+  static void Delete(string* value);
+  static void Clear(string* value) { value->clear(); }
+  static void Merge(const string& from, string* to) { *to = from; }
+  static const Type& default_instance() {
+    return ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
+  }
+};
+
+class StringTypeHandler : public StringTypeHandlerBase {
+ public:
+  static int SpaceUsed(const string& value)  {
+    return sizeof(value) + StringSpaceUsedExcludingSelf(value);
+  }
+};
+
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// RepeatedPtrField is like RepeatedField, but used for repeated strings or
+// Messages.
+template <typename Element>
+class RepeatedPtrField : public internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBase {
+ public:
+  RepeatedPtrField();
+  RepeatedPtrField(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+  template <typename Iter>
+  RepeatedPtrField(Iter begin, const Iter& end);
+  ~RepeatedPtrField();
+
+  RepeatedPtrField& operator=(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+
+  bool empty() const;
+  int size() const;
+
+  const Element& Get(int index) const;
+  Element* Mutable(int index);
+  Element* Add();
+
+  // Remove the last element in the array.
+  // Ownership of the element is retained by the array.
+  void RemoveLast();
+
+  // Delete elements with indices in the range [start .. start+num-1].
+  // Caution: implementation moves all elements with indices [start+num .. ].
+  // Calling this routine inside a loop can cause quadratic behavior.
+  void DeleteSubrange(int start, int num);
+
+  void Clear();
+  void MergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+  void CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrField& other);
+
+  // Reserve space to expand the field to at least the given size.  This only
+  // resizes the pointer array; it doesn't allocate any objects.  If the
+  // array is grown, it will always be at least doubled in size.
+  void Reserve(int new_size);
+
+  int Capacity() const;
+
+  // Gets the underlying array.  This pointer is possibly invalidated by
+  // any add or remove operation.
+  Element** mutable_data();
+  const Element* const* data() const;
+
+  // Swap entire contents with "other".
+  void Swap(RepeatedPtrField* other);
+
+  // Swap two elements.
+  void SwapElements(int index1, int index2);
+
+  // STL-like iterator support
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrIterator<Element> iterator;
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrIterator<const Element> const_iterator;
+  typedef Element value_type;
+  typedef value_type& reference;
+  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
+  typedef value_type* pointer;
+  typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
+  typedef int size_type;
+  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+
+  iterator begin();
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  iterator end();
+  const_iterator end() const;
+
+  // Reverse iterator support
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+  reverse_iterator rbegin() {
+    return reverse_iterator(end());
+  }
+  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(end());
+  }
+  reverse_iterator rend() {
+    return reverse_iterator(begin());
+  }
+  const_reverse_iterator rend() const {
+    return const_reverse_iterator(begin());
+  }
+
+  // Custom STL-like iterator that iterates over and returns the underlying
+  // pointers to Element rather than Element itself.
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<Element, void*>
+  pointer_iterator;
+  typedef internal::RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<const Element, const void*>
+  const_pointer_iterator;
+  pointer_iterator pointer_begin();
+  const_pointer_iterator pointer_begin() const;
+  pointer_iterator pointer_end();
+  const_pointer_iterator pointer_end() const;
+
+  // Returns (an estimate of) the number of bytes used by the repeated field,
+  // excluding sizeof(*this).
+  int SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const;
+
+  // Advanced memory management --------------------------------------
+  // When hardcore memory management becomes necessary -- as it sometimes
+  // does here at Google -- the following methods may be useful.
+
+  // Add an already-allocated object, passing ownership to the
+  // RepeatedPtrField.
+  void AddAllocated(Element* value);
+  // Remove the last element and return it, passing ownership to the caller.
+  // Requires:  size() > 0
+  Element* ReleaseLast();
+
+  // Extract elements with indices in the range "[start .. start+num-1]".
+  // The caller assumes ownership of the extracted elements and is responsible
+  // for deleting them when they are no longer needed.
+  // If "elements" is non-NULL, then pointers to the extracted elements
+  // are stored in "elements[0 .. num-1]" for the convenience of the caller.
+  // If "elements" is NULL, then the caller must use some other mechanism
+  // to perform any further operations (like deletion) on these elements.
+  // Caution: implementation also moves elements with indices [start+num ..].
+  // Calling this routine inside a loop can cause quadratic behavior.
+  void ExtractSubrange(int start, int num, Element** elements);
+
+  // When elements are removed by calls to RemoveLast() or Clear(), they
+  // are not actually freed.  Instead, they are cleared and kept so that
+  // they can be reused later.  This can save lots of CPU time when
+  // repeatedly reusing a protocol message for similar purposes.
+  //
+  // Hardcore programs may choose to manipulate these cleared objects
+  // to better optimize memory management using the following routines.
+
+  // Get the number of cleared objects that are currently being kept
+  // around for reuse.
+  int ClearedCount() const;
+  // Add an element to the pool of cleared objects, passing ownership to
+  // the RepeatedPtrField.  The element must be cleared prior to calling
+  // this method.
+  void AddCleared(Element* value);
+  // Remove a single element from the cleared pool and return it, passing
+  // ownership to the caller.  The element is guaranteed to be cleared.
+  // Requires:  ClearedCount() > 0
+  Element* ReleaseCleared();
+
+ protected:
+  // Note:  RepeatedPtrField SHOULD NOT be subclassed by users.  We only
+  //   subclass it in one place as a hack for compatibility with proto1.  The
+  //   subclass needs to know about TypeHandler in order to call protected
+  //   methods on RepeatedPtrFieldBase.
+  class TypeHandler;
+
+};
+
+// implementation ====================================================
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField()
+  : elements_(NULL),
+    current_size_(0),
+    total_size_(kInitialSize) {
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField(const RepeatedField& other)
+  : elements_(NULL),
+    current_size_(0),
+    total_size_(kInitialSize) {
+  CopyFrom(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+template <typename Iter>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>::RepeatedField(Iter begin, const Iter& end)
+  : elements_(NULL),
+    current_size_(0),
+    total_size_(kInitialSize) {
+  int reserve = internal::CalculateReserve(begin, end);
+  if (reserve != -1) {
+    Reserve(reserve);
+    for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+      AddAlreadyReserved(*begin);
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+      Add(*begin);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+RepeatedField<Element>::~RepeatedField() {
+  delete [] elements_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedField<Element>&
+RepeatedField<Element>::operator=(const RepeatedField& other) {
+  if (this != &other)
+    CopyFrom(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline bool RepeatedField<Element>::empty() const {
+  return current_size_ == 0;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedField<Element>::size() const {
+  return current_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedField<Element>::Capacity() const {
+  return total_size_;
+}
+
+template<typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::AddAlreadyReserved(const Element& value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(size(), Capacity());
+  elements_[current_size_++] = value;
+}
+
+template<typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::AddAlreadyReserved() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(size(), Capacity());
+  return &elements_[current_size_++];
+}
+
+template<typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Resize(int new_size, const Element& value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(new_size, 0);
+  if (new_size > size()) {
+    Reserve(new_size);
+    std::fill(&elements_[current_size_], &elements_[new_size], value);
+  }
+  current_size_ = new_size;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element& RepeatedField<Element>::Get(int index) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, size());
+  return elements_[index];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::Mutable(int index) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, size());
+  return elements_ + index;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Set(int index, const Element& value) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, size());
+  elements_[index] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Add(const Element& value) {
+  if (current_size_ == total_size_) Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  elements_[current_size_++] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::Add() {
+  if (current_size_ == total_size_) Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  return &elements_[current_size_++];
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::RemoveLast() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(current_size_, 0);
+  --current_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::ExtractSubrange(
+    int start, int num, Element* elements) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(num, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(start + num, this->size());
+
+  // Save the values of the removed elements if requested.
+  if (elements != NULL) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+      elements[i] = this->Get(i + start);
+  }
+
+  // Slide remaining elements down to fill the gap.
+  if (num > 0) {
+    for (int i = start + num; i < this->size(); ++i)
+      this->Set(i - num, this->Get(i));
+    this->Truncate(this->size() - num);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Clear() {
+  current_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::MergeFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&other, this);
+  if (other.current_size_ != 0) {
+    Reserve(current_size_ + other.current_size_);
+    CopyArray(elements_ + current_size_, other.elements_, other.current_size_);
+    current_size_ += other.current_size_;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::CopyFrom(const RepeatedField& other) {
+  if (&other == this) return;
+  Clear();
+  MergeFrom(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedField<Element>::mutable_data() {
+  return elements_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element* RepeatedField<Element>::data() const {
+  return elements_;
+}
+
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::Swap(RepeatedField* other) {
+  if (this == other) return;
+  Element* swap_elements     = elements_;
+  int      swap_current_size = current_size_;
+  int      swap_total_size   = total_size_;
+
+  elements_     = other->elements_;
+  current_size_ = other->current_size_;
+  total_size_   = other->total_size_;
+
+  other->elements_     = swap_elements;
+  other->current_size_ = swap_current_size;
+  other->total_size_   = swap_total_size;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::SwapElements(int index1, int index2) {
+  using std::swap;  // enable ADL with fallback
+  swap(elements_[index1], elements_[index2]);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::begin() {
+  return elements_;
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::begin() const {
+  return elements_;
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::end() {
+  return elements_ + current_size_;
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedField<Element>::end() const {
+  return elements_ + current_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedField<Element>::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+  return (elements_ != NULL) ? total_size_ * sizeof(elements_[0]) : 0;
+}
+
+// Avoid inlining of Reserve(): new, copy, and delete[] lead to a significant
+// amount of code bloat.
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedField<Element>::Reserve(int new_size) {
+  if (total_size_ >= new_size) return;
+
+  Element* old_elements = elements_;
+  total_size_ = max(google::protobuf::internal::kMinRepeatedFieldAllocationSize,
+                    max(total_size_ * 2, new_size));
+  elements_ = new Element[total_size_];
+  if (old_elements != NULL) {
+    MoveArray(elements_, old_elements, current_size_);
+    delete [] old_elements;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::Truncate(int new_size) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(new_size, current_size_);
+  current_size_ = new_size;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::MoveArray(
+    Element to[], Element from[], int array_size) {
+  CopyArray(to, from, array_size);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedField<Element>::CopyArray(
+    Element to[], const Element from[], int array_size) {
+  internal::ElementCopier<Element>()(to, from, array_size);
+}
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename Element, bool HasTrivialCopy>
+void ElementCopier<Element, HasTrivialCopy>::operator()(
+    Element to[], const Element from[], int array_size) {
+  std::copy(from, from + array_size, to);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+struct ElementCopier<Element, true> {
+  void operator()(Element to[], const Element from[], int array_size) {
+    memcpy(to, from, array_size * sizeof(Element));
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace internal {
+
+inline RepeatedPtrFieldBase::RepeatedPtrFieldBase()
+  : elements_(NULL),
+    current_size_(0),
+    allocated_size_(0),
+    total_size_(kInitialSize) {
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Destroy() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < allocated_size_; i++) {
+    TypeHandler::Delete(cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[i]));
+  }
+  delete [] elements_;
+}
+
+inline bool RepeatedPtrFieldBase::empty() const {
+  return current_size_ == 0;
+}
+
+inline int RepeatedPtrFieldBase::size() const {
+  return current_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline const typename TypeHandler::Type&
+RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Get(int index) const {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, size());
+  return *cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[index]);
+}
+
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type*
+RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable(int index) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LT(index, size());
+  return cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[index]);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Add() {
+  if (current_size_ < allocated_size_) {
+    return cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[current_size_++]);
+  }
+  if (allocated_size_ == total_size_) Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* result = TypeHandler::New();
+  ++allocated_size_;
+  elements_[current_size_++] = result;
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::RemoveLast() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(current_size_, 0);
+  TypeHandler::Clear(cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[--current_size_]));
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Clear() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < current_size_; i++) {
+    TypeHandler::Clear(cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[i]));
+  }
+  current_size_ = 0;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other) {
+  GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&other, this);
+  Reserve(current_size_ + other.current_size_);
+  for (int i = 0; i < other.current_size_; i++) {
+    TypeHandler::Merge(other.template Get<TypeHandler>(i), Add<TypeHandler>());
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::CopyFrom(const RepeatedPtrFieldBase& other) {
+  if (&other == this) return;
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Clear<TypeHandler>();
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFrom<TypeHandler>(other);
+}
+
+inline int RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Capacity() const {
+  return total_size_;
+}
+
+inline void* const* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::raw_data() const {
+  return elements_;
+}
+
+inline void** RepeatedPtrFieldBase::raw_mutable_data() const {
+  return elements_;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type** RepeatedPtrFieldBase::mutable_data() {
+  // TODO(kenton):  Breaks C++ aliasing rules.  We should probably remove this
+  //   method entirely.
+  return reinterpret_cast<typename TypeHandler::Type**>(elements_);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline const typename TypeHandler::Type* const*
+RepeatedPtrFieldBase::data() const {
+  // TODO(kenton):  Breaks C++ aliasing rules.  We should probably remove this
+  //   method entirely.
+  return reinterpret_cast<const typename TypeHandler::Type* const*>(elements_);
+}
+
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SwapElements(int index1, int index2) {
+  using std::swap;  // enable ADL with fallback
+  swap(elements_[index1], elements_[index2]);
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline int RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+  int allocated_bytes =
+      (elements_ != NULL) ? total_size_ * sizeof(elements_[0]) : 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < allocated_size_; ++i) {
+    allocated_bytes += TypeHandler::SpaceUsed(*cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[i]));
+  }
+  return allocated_bytes;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddFromCleared() {
+  if (current_size_ < allocated_size_) {
+    return cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[current_size_++]);
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddAllocated(
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* value) {
+  // Make room for the new pointer.
+  if (current_size_ == total_size_) {
+    // The array is completely full with no cleared objects, so grow it.
+    Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+    ++allocated_size_;
+  } else if (allocated_size_ == total_size_) {
+    // There is no more space in the pointer array because it contains some
+    // cleared objects awaiting reuse.  We don't want to grow the array in this
+    // case because otherwise a loop calling AddAllocated() followed by Clear()
+    // would leak memory.
+    TypeHandler::Delete(cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[current_size_]));
+  } else if (current_size_ < allocated_size_) {
+    // We have some cleared objects.  We don't care about their order, so we
+    // can just move the first one to the end to make space.
+    elements_[allocated_size_] = elements_[current_size_];
+    ++allocated_size_;
+  } else {
+    // There are no cleared objects.
+    ++allocated_size_;
+  }
+
+  elements_[current_size_++] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseLast() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(current_size_, 0);
+  typename TypeHandler::Type* result =
+      cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[--current_size_]);
+  --allocated_size_;
+  if (current_size_ < allocated_size_) {
+    // There are cleared elements on the end; replace the removed element
+    // with the last allocated element.
+    elements_[current_size_] = elements_[allocated_size_];
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline int RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ClearedCount() const {
+  return allocated_size_ - current_size_;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline void RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddCleared(
+    typename TypeHandler::Type* value) {
+  if (allocated_size_ == total_size_) Reserve(total_size_ + 1);
+  elements_[allocated_size_++] = value;
+}
+
+template <typename TypeHandler>
+inline typename TypeHandler::Type* RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseCleared() {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GT(allocated_size_, current_size_);
+  return cast<TypeHandler>(elements_[--allocated_size_]);
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+template <typename Element>
+class RepeatedPtrField<Element>::TypeHandler
+    : public internal::GenericTypeHandler<Element> {
+};
+
+template <>
+class RepeatedPtrField<string>::TypeHandler
+    : public internal::StringTypeHandler {
+};
+
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField() {}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField(
+    const RepeatedPtrField& other)
+    : RepeatedPtrFieldBase() {
+  CopyFrom(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+template <typename Iter>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RepeatedPtrField(
+    Iter begin, const Iter& end) {
+  int reserve = internal::CalculateReserve(begin, end);
+  if (reserve != -1) {
+    Reserve(reserve);
+  }
+  for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+    *Add() = *begin;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::~RepeatedPtrField() {
+  Destroy<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline RepeatedPtrField<Element>& RepeatedPtrField<Element>::operator=(
+    const RepeatedPtrField& other) {
+  if (this != &other)
+    CopyFrom(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline bool RepeatedPtrField<Element>::empty() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::empty();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedPtrField<Element>::size() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::size();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element& RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Get(int index) const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Get<TypeHandler>(index);
+}
+
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Mutable(int index) {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable<TypeHandler>(index);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Add() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Add<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::RemoveLast() {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::RemoveLast<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::DeleteSubrange(int start, int num) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(num, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(start + num, size());
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+    delete RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable<TypeHandler>(start + i);
+  ExtractSubrange(start, num, NULL);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ExtractSubrange(
+    int start, int num, Element** elements) {
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(start, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_GE(num, 0);
+  GOOGLE_DCHECK_LE(start + num, size());
+
+  if (num > 0) {
+    // Save the values of the removed elements if requested.
+    if (elements != NULL) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+        elements[i] = RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Mutable<TypeHandler>(i + start);
+    }
+    CloseGap(start, num);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Clear() {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Clear<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::MergeFrom(
+    const RepeatedPtrField& other) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::MergeFrom<TypeHandler>(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::CopyFrom(
+    const RepeatedPtrField& other) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::CopyFrom<TypeHandler>(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element** RepeatedPtrField<Element>::mutable_data() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::mutable_data<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline const Element* const* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::data() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::data<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Swap(RepeatedPtrField* other) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Swap(other);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::SwapElements(int index1, int index2) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SwapElements(index1, index2);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedPtrField<Element>::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::SpaceUsedExcludingSelf<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::AddAllocated(Element* value) {
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddAllocated<TypeHandler>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ReleaseLast() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseLast<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ClearedCount() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ClearedCount();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::AddCleared(Element* value) {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::AddCleared<TypeHandler>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline Element* RepeatedPtrField<Element>::ReleaseCleared() {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::ReleaseCleared<TypeHandler>();
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline void RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Reserve(int new_size) {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Reserve(new_size);
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline int RepeatedPtrField<Element>::Capacity() const {
+  return RepeatedPtrFieldBase::Capacity();
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// STL-like iterator implementation for RepeatedPtrField.  You should not
+// refer to this class directly; use RepeatedPtrField<T>::iterator instead.
+//
+// The iterator for RepeatedPtrField<T>, RepeatedPtrIterator<T>, is
+// very similar to iterator_ptr<T**> in util/gtl/iterator_adaptors.h,
+// but adds random-access operators and is modified to wrap a void** base
+// iterator (since RepeatedPtrField stores its array as a void* array and
+// casting void** to T** would violate C++ aliasing rules).
+//
+// This code based on net/proto/proto-array-internal.h by Jeffrey Yasskin
+// (jyasskin@google.com).
+template<typename Element>
+class RepeatedPtrIterator
+    : public std::iterator<
+          std::random_access_iterator_tag, Element> {
+ public:
+  typedef RepeatedPtrIterator<Element> iterator;
+  typedef std::iterator<
+          std::random_access_iterator_tag, Element> superclass;
+
+  // Shadow the value_type in std::iterator<> because const_iterator::value_type
+  // needs to be T, not const T.
+  typedef typename remove_const<Element>::type value_type;
+
+  // Let the compiler know that these are type names, so we don't have to
+  // write "typename" in front of them everywhere.
+  typedef typename superclass::reference reference;
+  typedef typename superclass::pointer pointer;
+  typedef typename superclass::difference_type difference_type;
+
+  RepeatedPtrIterator() : it_(NULL) {}
+  explicit RepeatedPtrIterator(void* const* it) : it_(it) {}
+
+  // Allow "upcasting" from RepeatedPtrIterator<T**> to
+  // RepeatedPtrIterator<const T*const*>.
+  template<typename OtherElement>
+  RepeatedPtrIterator(const RepeatedPtrIterator<OtherElement>& other)
+      : it_(other.it_) {
+    // Force a compiler error if the other type is not convertible to ours.
+    if (false) {
+      implicit_cast<Element*, OtherElement*>(0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // dereferenceable
+  reference operator*() const { return *reinterpret_cast<Element*>(*it_); }
+  pointer   operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
+
+  // {inc,dec}rementable
+  iterator& operator++() { ++it_; return *this; }
+  iterator  operator++(int) { return iterator(it_++); }
+  iterator& operator--() { --it_; return *this; }
+  iterator  operator--(int) { return iterator(it_--); }
+
+  // equality_comparable
+  bool operator==(const iterator& x) const { return it_ == x.it_; }
+  bool operator!=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ != x.it_; }
+
+  // less_than_comparable
+  bool operator<(const iterator& x) const { return it_ < x.it_; }
+  bool operator<=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ <= x.it_; }
+  bool operator>(const iterator& x) const { return it_ > x.it_; }
+  bool operator>=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ >= x.it_; }
+
+  // addable, subtractable
+  iterator& operator+=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ += d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(iterator it, difference_type d) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(difference_type d, iterator it) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  iterator& operator-=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ -= d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator-(iterator it, difference_type d) {
+    it -= d;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  // indexable
+  reference operator[](difference_type d) const { return *(*this + d); }
+
+  // random access iterator
+  difference_type operator-(const iterator& x) const { return it_ - x.it_; }
+
+ private:
+  template<typename OtherElement>
+  friend class RepeatedPtrIterator;
+
+  // The internal iterator.
+  void* const* it_;
+};
+
+// Provide an iterator that operates on pointers to the underlying objects
+// rather than the objects themselves as RepeatedPtrIterator does.
+// Consider using this when working with stl algorithms that change
+// the array.
+// The VoidPtr template parameter holds the type-agnostic pointer value
+// referenced by the iterator.  It should either be "void *" for a mutable
+// iterator, or "const void *" for a constant iterator.
+template<typename Element, typename VoidPtr>
+class RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, Element*> {
+ public:
+  typedef RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator<Element, VoidPtr> iterator;
+  typedef std::iterator<
+          std::random_access_iterator_tag, Element*> superclass;
+
+  // Shadow the value_type in std::iterator<> because const_iterator::value_type
+  // needs to be T, not const T.
+  typedef typename remove_const<Element*>::type value_type;
+
+  // Let the compiler know that these are type names, so we don't have to
+  // write "typename" in front of them everywhere.
+  typedef typename superclass::reference reference;
+  typedef typename superclass::pointer pointer;
+  typedef typename superclass::difference_type difference_type;
+
+  RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator() : it_(NULL) {}
+  explicit RepeatedPtrOverPtrsIterator(VoidPtr* it) : it_(it) {}
+
+  // dereferenceable
+  reference operator*() const { return *reinterpret_cast<Element**>(it_); }
+  pointer   operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
+
+  // {inc,dec}rementable
+  iterator& operator++() { ++it_; return *this; }
+  iterator  operator++(int) { return iterator(it_++); }
+  iterator& operator--() { --it_; return *this; }
+  iterator  operator--(int) { return iterator(it_--); }
+
+  // equality_comparable
+  bool operator==(const iterator& x) const { return it_ == x.it_; }
+  bool operator!=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ != x.it_; }
+
+  // less_than_comparable
+  bool operator<(const iterator& x) const { return it_ < x.it_; }
+  bool operator<=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ <= x.it_; }
+  bool operator>(const iterator& x) const { return it_ > x.it_; }
+  bool operator>=(const iterator& x) const { return it_ >= x.it_; }
+
+  // addable, subtractable
+  iterator& operator+=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ += d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(iterator it, difference_type d) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator+(difference_type d, iterator it) {
+    it += d;
+    return it;
+  }
+  iterator& operator-=(difference_type d) {
+    it_ -= d;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  friend iterator operator-(iterator it, difference_type d) {
+    it -= d;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  // indexable
+  reference operator[](difference_type d) const { return *(*this + d); }
+
+  // random access iterator
+  difference_type operator-(const iterator& x) const { return it_ - x.it_; }
+
+ private:
+  template<typename OtherElement>
+  friend class RepeatedPtrIterator;
+
+  // The internal iterator.
+  VoidPtr* it_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::begin() {
+  return iterator(raw_data());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::begin() const {
+  return iterator(raw_data());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::end() {
+  return iterator(raw_data() + size());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::end() const {
+  return iterator(raw_data() + size());
+}
+
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_begin() {
+  return pointer_iterator(raw_mutable_data());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_begin() const {
+  return const_pointer_iterator(const_cast<const void**>(raw_mutable_data()));
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_end() {
+  return pointer_iterator(raw_mutable_data() + size());
+}
+template <typename Element>
+inline typename RepeatedPtrField<Element>::const_pointer_iterator
+RepeatedPtrField<Element>::pointer_end() const {
+  return const_pointer_iterator(
+      const_cast<const void**>(raw_mutable_data() + size()));
+}
+
+
+// Iterators and helper functions that follow the spirit of the STL
+// std::back_insert_iterator and std::back_inserter but are tailor-made
+// for RepeatedField and RepatedPtrField. Typical usage would be:
+//
+//   std::copy(some_sequence.begin(), some_sequence.end(),
+//             google::protobuf::RepeatedFieldBackInserter(proto.mutable_sequence()));
+//
+// Ported by johannes from util/gtl/proto-array-iterators.h
+
+namespace internal {
+// A back inserter for RepeatedField objects.
+template<typename T> class RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, T> {
+ public:
+  explicit RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator(
+      RepeatedField<T>* const mutable_field)
+      : field_(mutable_field) {
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(const T& value) {
+    field_->Add(value);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator*() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++(int /* unused */) {
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RepeatedField<T>* field_;
+};
+
+// A back inserter for RepeatedPtrField objects.
+template<typename T> class RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, T> {
+ public:
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator(
+      RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field)
+      : field_(mutable_field) {
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(const T& value) {
+    *field_->Add() = value;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(
+      const T* const ptr_to_value) {
+    *field_->Add() = *ptr_to_value;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator*() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++(int /* unused */) {
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RepeatedPtrField<T>* field_;
+};
+
+// A back inserter for RepeatedPtrFields that inserts by transfering ownership
+// of a pointer.
+template<typename T> class AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, T> {
+ public:
+  explicit AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator(
+      RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field)
+      : field_(mutable_field) {
+  }
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator=(
+      T* const ptr_to_value) {
+    field_->AddAllocated(ptr_to_value);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator*() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++() {
+    return *this;
+  }
+  AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>& operator++(
+      int /* unused */) {
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  RepeatedPtrField<T>* field_;
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+
+// Provides a back insert iterator for RepeatedField instances,
+// similar to std::back_inserter().
+template<typename T> internal::RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>
+RepeatedFieldBackInserter(RepeatedField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::RepeatedFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Provides a back insert iterator for RepeatedPtrField instances,
+// similar to std::back_inserter().
+template<typename T> internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>
+RepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Special back insert iterator for RepeatedPtrField instances, just in
+// case someone wants to write generic template code that can access both
+// RepeatedFields and RepeatedPtrFields using a common name.
+template<typename T> internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>
+RepeatedFieldBackInserter(RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::RepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(mutable_field);
+}
+
+// Provides a back insert iterator for RepeatedPtrField instances
+// similar to std::back_inserter() which transfers the ownership while
+// copying elements.
+template<typename T> internal::AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>
+AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter(
+    RepeatedPtrField<T>* const mutable_field) {
+  return internal::AllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInsertIterator<T>(
+      mutable_field);
+}
+
+}  // namespace protobuf
+
+}  // namespace google
+#endif  // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_REPEATED_FIELD_H__