protobuf 2.2.5-java

data/ext/ruby_generator/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+all: \
+	RubyGenerator.h \
+	RubyGenerator.cpp
+	g++ -Wall -I/code/src/utilities/protobuf-2.4.1/src -lprotoc -lprotobuf -lpthread -o protoc-ruby RubyGenerator.cpp
+
+test:
+	rm -rf test/out/*
+	./protoc-ruby --proto_path=../defs --ruby_out=../out ../defs/atlas/util.proto ../defs/atlas/newman/*.proto
+
+.PHONY: all test

data/ext/ruby_generator/RubyGenerator.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+#include "RubyGenerator.h"
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf  {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace ruby {
+
+RubyGenerator::RubyGenerator() {}  // Constructor
+RubyGenerator::~RubyGenerator() {} // Destructor
+
+// Generate one or more ruby source files for the given proto file.
+bool RubyGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+                              const string& parameter,
+                              GeneratorContext* context,
+                              string* error) const {
+  file_ = file;
+  context_ = context;
+
+  filename = CreateRubyFileName(file_->name());
+  ns_vector.clear();
+  SplitStringUsing(file_->package(), ".", &ns_vector);
+
+  // Get a ZeroCopyOutputStream object of the data.
+  scoped_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context_->Open(filename));
+
+  // Check the data against Google's proto checking algorithm.
+  GOOGLE_CHECK(output.get());
+
+  // Get a printer.
+  io::Printer printer(output.get(), '$');
+  printer_ = &printer;
+
+  PrintGeneratedFileComment();
+  PrintGenericRequires();
+  PrintImportRequires();
+
+  PrintEnclosingNamespaceModules();
+
+  PrintEnumsForFileDescriptor(file_, false);
+  PrintNewLine();
+  PrintMessagesForFileDescriptor(file_, false);
+  PrintNewLine();
+
+  PrintEnumsForFileDescriptor(file_, true);
+  PrintMessagesForFileDescriptor(file_, true);
+
+  PrintServices();
+
+  PrintEnclosingNamespaceModuleEnds();
+
+  if (printer.failed()) {
+    *error = "An unknown error occured writing file " + filename;
+    return false;
+  }
+  else {
+    return true;
+  }
+} // end Generate()
+
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////// [ namespaces ] //////////////
+//
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintEnclosingNamespaceModules() const {
+  PrintNewLine();
+  vector<string>::iterator iter;
+  map<string,string> data;
+  for (iter = ns_vector.begin(); iter < ns_vector.end(); iter++) {
+    data["ns"] = Constantize(*iter, false);
+
+    printer_->Print(data, "module $ns$");
+    PrintNewLine();
+    printer_->Indent();
+  }
+}
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintEnclosingNamespaceModuleEnds() const {
+  vector<string>::iterator iter;
+  for (iter = ns_vector.begin(); iter < ns_vector.end(); iter++) {
+    printer_->Outdent();
+    printer_->Print("end");
+    PrintNewLine();
+  }
+}
+
+
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////// [ messages ] ////////////////
+//
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintMessagesForFileDescriptor(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, bool print_fields) const {
+  if (descriptor->message_type_count() > 0) {
+    if (print_fields) {
+      PrintComment("Message Fields", true);
+    }
+    else {
+      PrintComment("Message Classes", true);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->message_type_count(); i++) {
+      PrintMessage(descriptor->message_type(i), print_fields);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintMessagesForDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool print_fields) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); i++) {
+    PrintMessage(descriptor->nested_type(i), print_fields);
+  }
+}
+//
+// Print out the given descriptor message as a Ruby class.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool print_fields) const {
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["class_name"] = descriptor->name();
+
+  if (print_fields) {
+    printer_->Print(data, "class $class_name$");
+    PrintNewLine();
+    printer_->Indent();
+
+    if (descriptor->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+      PrintEnumsForDescriptor(descriptor, true);
+    }
+
+    if (descriptor->nested_type_count() > 0) {
+      PrintMessagesForDescriptor(descriptor, true);
+    }
+
+    PrintExtensionRangesForDescriptor(descriptor);
+
+    // Print Fields
+    if (descriptor->field_count() > 0) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); i++) {
+        PrintMessageField(descriptor->field(i));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Print Extension Fields
+    if (descriptor->extension_count() > 0) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_count(); i++) {
+        PrintMessageField(descriptor->extension(i));
+      }
+    }
+
+    printer_->Outdent();
+    printer_->Print(data, "end");
+    PrintNewLine();
+  }
+  else if (DescriptorHasNestedTypes(descriptor)) {
+    printer_->Print(data, "class $class_name$ < ::Protobuf::Message");
+    PrintNewLine();
+    printer_->Indent();
+
+    if (descriptor->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+      PrintEnumsForDescriptor(descriptor, false);
+    }
+
+    if (descriptor->nested_type_count() > 0) {
+      PrintMessagesForDescriptor(descriptor, false);
+    }
+
+    printer_->Outdent();
+    printer_->Print(data, "end");
+    PrintNewLine();
+  }
+  else {
+    printer_->Print(data, "class $class_name$ < ::Protobuf::Message; end");
+  }
+
+  PrintNewLine();
+}
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintExtensionRangesForDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor) const {
+  if (descriptor->extension_range_count() > 0) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->extension_range_count(); i++) {
+      const Descriptor::ExtensionRange* range = descriptor->extension_range(i);
+      map<string,string> data;
+      data["message_class"] = Constantize(descriptor->full_name());
+      data["start"] = SimpleItoa(range->start);
+      data["end"] = SimpleItoa(range->end);
+      printer_->Print(data, "extensions $start$...$end$");
+      PrintNewLine();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Print the given FieldDescriptor to the Message DSL methods.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintMessageField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) const {
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["field_presence"] = "";
+  data["field_name"] = descriptor->lowercase_name();
+  data["tag_number"] = SimpleItoa(descriptor->number());
+  data["data_type"] = "";
+  data["default_opt"] = "";
+  data["packed_opt"] = "";
+  data["deprecated_opt"] = "";
+  data["extension_opt"] = "";
+
+  if (descriptor->is_required()) {
+    data["field_presence"] = "required";
+  }
+  else if (descriptor->is_optional()) {
+    data["field_presence"] = "optional";
+  }
+  else if (descriptor->is_repeated()) {
+    data["field_presence"] = "repeated";
+  }
+
+  switch (descriptor->type()) {
+    // Primitives
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_DOUBLE:   data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::DoubleField"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FLOAT:    data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::FloatField"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT64:    data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Int64Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT64:   data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Uint64Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_INT32:    data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Int32Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED64:  data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Fixed64Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_FIXED32:  data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Fixed32Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BOOL:     data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::BoolField"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING:   data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::StringField"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_BYTES:    data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::BytesField"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_UINT32:   data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Uint32Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED32: data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Sfixed32Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SFIXED64: data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Sfixed64Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT32:   data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Sint32Field"; break;
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_SINT64:   data["data_type"] = "::Protobuf::Field::Sint64Field"; break;
+
+    // Enums
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_ENUM:
+      data["data_type"] = Constantize(descriptor->enum_type()->full_name());
+      break;
+
+    // Messages
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_GROUP:
+    case FieldDescriptor::TYPE_MESSAGE:
+    default:
+      data["data_type"] = Constantize(descriptor->message_type()->full_name());
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->has_default_value()) {
+    string value;
+    switch(descriptor->cpp_type()) {
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:  value = SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int32()); break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:  value = SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_int64()); break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: value = SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_uint32()); break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: value = SimpleItoa(descriptor->default_value_uint64()); break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE: value = SimpleDtoa(descriptor->default_value_double()); break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:  value = SimpleFtoa(descriptor->default_value_float()); break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:   value = descriptor->default_value_bool() ? "true" : "false"; break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:   value = FullEnumNamespace(descriptor->default_value_enum()); break;
+      case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING: value = "\"" + descriptor->default_value_string() + "\""; break;
+      default: break;
+    }
+    data["default_opt"] = strings::Substitute(", :default => $0", value);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->is_packable() && descriptor->options().has_packed()) {
+    string packed_bool = descriptor->options().packed() ? "true" : "false";
+    data["packed_opt"] = strings::Substitute(", :packed => $0", packed_bool);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->options().has_deprecated()) {
+    string deprecated_bool = descriptor->options().deprecated() ? "true" : "false";
+    data["deprecated_opt"] = strings::Substitute(", :deprecated => $0", deprecated_bool);
+  }
+
+  if (descriptor->is_extension()) {
+    data["extension_opt"] = ", :extension => true";
+  }
+
+  printer_->Print(data,
+    "$field_presence$ "
+    "$data_type$, "
+    ":$field_name$, "
+    "$tag_number$"
+    "$default_opt$"
+    "$packed_opt$"
+    "$deprecated_opt$"
+    "$extension_opt$");
+  PrintNewLine();
+}
+
+
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////// [ enums ] ///////////////////
+//
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintEnumsForDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool print_values) const {
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+    PrintEnum(descriptor->enum_type(i), print_values);
+  }
+}
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintEnumsForFileDescriptor(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, bool print_values) const {
+  if (descriptor->enum_type_count() > 0) {
+    if (print_values) {
+      PrintComment("Enum Values", true);
+    }
+    else {
+      PrintComment("Enum Classes", true);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->enum_type_count(); i++) {
+      PrintEnum(descriptor->enum_type(i), print_values);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Print the given enum descriptor as a Ruby class.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintEnum(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, bool print_values) const {
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["class_name"] = descriptor->name();
+
+  if (print_values) {
+    printer_->Print(data, "class $class_name$");
+    printer_->Indent();
+    PrintNewLine();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->value_count(); i++) {
+      PrintEnumValue(descriptor->value(i));
+    }
+
+    printer_->Outdent();
+    printer_->Print(data, "end");
+    PrintNewLine();
+  }
+  else {
+    printer_->Print(data, "class $class_name$ < ::Protobuf::Enum; end");
+  }
+
+  PrintNewLine();
+}
+
+// Print the given enum value to the Enum class DSL methods.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintEnumValue(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) const {
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["name"] = descriptor->name();
+  data["number"] = ConvertIntToString(descriptor->number());
+  printer_->Print(data, "define :$name$, $number$");
+  PrintNewLine();
+}
+
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////// [ services ] ////////////////
+//
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintServices() const {
+  if (file_->service_count() > 0) {
+    PrintComment("Services", true);
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); i++) {
+      PrintService(file_->service(i));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Print the given service as a Ruby class.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintService(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor) const {
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["class_name"] = descriptor->name();
+
+  printer_->Print(data, "class $class_name$ < ::Protobuf::Rpc::Service");
+  PrintNewLine();
+  printer_->Indent();
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->method_count(); i++) {
+    PrintServiceMethod(descriptor->method(i));
+  }
+
+  printer_->Outdent();
+  printer_->Print("end");
+  PrintNewLine();
+}
+
+// Print the rpc DSL declaration to the Ruby service class.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintServiceMethod(const MethodDescriptor* descriptor) const {
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["name"] = Underscore(descriptor->name());
+  data["request_klass"] = Constantize(descriptor->input_type()->full_name());
+  data["response_klass"] = Constantize(descriptor->output_type()->full_name());
+  printer_->Print(data, "rpc :$name$, $request_klass$, $response_klass$");
+  PrintNewLine();
+}
+
+
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////// [ general ] ////////////////
+//
+
+// Print a header or one-line comment (as indicated by the as_header bool).
+void RubyGenerator::PrintComment(string comment, bool as_header) const {
+  char format[] = "# $comment$\n";
+  char format_multi[] = "##\n# $comment$\n#\n";
+
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["comment"] = comment;
+
+  if (as_header) {
+    printer_->Print(data, format_multi);
+  }
+  else {
+    printer_->Print(data, format);
+  }
+}
+
+// Prints a require with the given ruby library.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintRequire(string lib_name) const {
+  map<string,string> data;
+  data["lib"] = lib_name;
+  printer_->Print(data, "require '$lib$'\n");
+}
+
+// Print a comment indicating that the file was generated.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintGeneratedFileComment() const {
+  PrintComment("This file is auto-generated. DO NOT EDIT!", true);
+}
+
+// Print out message requires as they pertain to the ruby library.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintGenericRequires() const {
+  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
+    PrintRequire("protobuf/message");
+  }
+  if (file_->service_count() > 0) {
+    PrintRequire("protobuf/rpc/service");
+  }
+}
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintImportRequires() const {
+  if (file_->dependency_count() > 0) {
+    PrintNewLine();
+    PrintComment("Imports", true);
+    for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); i++) {
+      PrintRequire(CreateRubyFileName(file_->dependency(i)->name(), true));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Print a one-line comment.
+void RubyGenerator::PrintComment(string comment) const {
+  PrintComment(comment, false);
+}
+
+void RubyGenerator::PrintNewLine() const {
+  printer_->Print("\n");
+}
+
+} // namespace ruby
+} // namespace compiler
+} // namespace protobuf
+} // namespace google

data/ext/ruby_generator/RubyGenerator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_RUBY_GENERATOR_H
+#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_RUBY_GENERATOR_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/command_line_interface.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/io/printer.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/substitute.h>
+#include <google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.h>
+
+namespace google {
+namespace protobuf {
+namespace compiler {
+namespace ruby {
+
+class LIBPROTOC_EXPORT RubyGenerator : public CodeGenerator {
+	public:
+		RubyGenerator();
+		~RubyGenerator();
+
+		// implemented Generate method from parent
+		bool Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
+			const string& parameter,
+			GeneratorContext* context,
+			string* error) const;
+
+
+	private:
+		mutable GeneratorContext* context_;
+		mutable io::Printer* printer_;
+		mutable const FileDescriptor* file_;
+		mutable string filename;
+		mutable vector<string> ns_vector;
+
+		GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(RubyGenerator);
+
+		void PrintEnclosingNamespaceModules() const;
+		void PrintEnclosingNamespaceModuleEnds() const;
+
+		void PrintMessagesForDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool print_fields) const;
+		void PrintMessagesForFileDescriptor(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, bool print_fields) const;
+		void PrintMessage(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool print_fields) const;
+		void PrintExtensionRangesForDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor) const;
+		void PrintMessageField(const FieldDescriptor* descriptor) const;
+
+		void PrintEnumsForDescriptor(const Descriptor* descriptor, bool print_values) const;
+		void PrintEnumsForFileDescriptor(const FileDescriptor* descriptor, bool print_values) const;
+		void PrintEnum(const EnumDescriptor* descriptor, bool print_values) const;
+		void PrintEnumValue(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) const;
+
+		void PrintServices() const;
+		void PrintService(const ServiceDescriptor* descriptor) const;
+		void PrintServiceMethod(const MethodDescriptor* descriptor) const;
+
+		void PrintGeneratedFileComment() const;
+		void PrintGenericRequires() const;
+		void PrintImportRequires() const;
+		void PrintComment(string comment) const;
+		void PrintComment(string comment, bool as_header) const;
+		void PrintRequire(string lib_name) const;
+		void PrintNewLine() const;
+
+		// Take the proto file name, strip ".proto"
+		// from the end and add ".pb.rb"
+		static string CreateRubyFileName(const string proto_filename) {
+			return CreateRubyFileName(proto_filename, false);
+		}
+
+		static string CreateRubyFileName(const string proto_filename, bool for_require) {
+			string replacement = for_require ? ".pb" : ".pb.rb";
+			return StringReplace(proto_filename, ".proto", replacement, false);
+		}
+
+		static string ConvertIntToString(int number) {
+			stringstream stream;
+			stream << number;
+			return stream.str();
+		}
+
+		static string ConvertDoubleToString(double number) {
+			stringstream stream;
+			stream << number;
+			return stream.str();
+		}
+
+		static string ConvertFloatToString(float number) {
+			stringstream stream;
+			stream << number;
+			return stream.str();
+		}
+
+		static string Constantize(string full_path) {
+			return Constantize(full_path, true);
+		}
+
+		static string Constantize(string full_path, bool is_top_level) {
+			stringstream constantized;
+
+			if (is_top_level) {
+				constantized << "::";
+			}
+
+			string::iterator i;
+			bool segment_end = true;
+			for (i = full_path.begin(); i < full_path.end(); i++) {
+				char c = *i;
+				if (c == 46) { // period char
+					constantized << ':' << ':';
+					segment_end = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				else if (c == 95) { // underscore char
+					segment_end = true;
+					continue;
+				}
+				else if (segment_end) {
+					if (c >= 97 && c <= 122) { // a-z chars
+						c -= 32;
+					}
+					segment_end = false;
+				}
+				constantized << c;
+			}
+
+			return constantized.str();
+		}
+
+		static string Underscore(string name) {
+			stringstream underscored;
+
+			string::iterator i;
+			for (i = name.begin(); i < name.end(); i++) {
+				char c = *i;
+				if (c >= 65 && c <= 90) { // a-z chars
+					if (i != name.begin()) {
+						underscored << '_';
+					}
+					c += 32;
+				}
+				underscored << c;
+			}
+
+			return underscored.str();
+		}
+
+    static string FullEnumNamespace(const EnumValueDescriptor* descriptor) {
+      string parent_enum_type = Constantize(descriptor->type()->full_name());
+      string enum_name = descriptor->name();
+
+      return strings::Substitute("$0::$1", parent_enum_type, enum_name);
+    }
+
+    static bool DescriptorHasNestedTypes(const Descriptor* descriptor) {
+      return (descriptor->enum_type_count() > 0 || descriptor->nested_type_count() > 0);
+    }
+
+}; // class RubyGenerator
+
+} // namespace ruby
+} // namespace compiler
+} // namespace protobuf
+} // namespace google
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+int _rprotoc_extern(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  google::protobuf::compiler::CommandLineInterface cli;
+
+  google::protobuf::compiler::ruby::RubyGenerator ruby_generator;
+  cli.RegisterGenerator("--ruby_out", &ruby_generator,
+    "Generate Ruby-compatible protobuf message and service classes.");
+
+  return cli.Run(argc, argv);
+}
+
+/*
+
+Use for testing:
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+  return _rprotoc_extern(argc, argv);
+}
+
+*/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_RUBY_GENERATOR_H

data/ext/ruby_generator/extconf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+unless defined?(JRUBY_VERSION)
+  begin
+    require 'mkmf'
+
+    include_directory = File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), "..", "protobuf-2.4.1", "src"))
+
+    $CPPFLAGS << " -I#{include_directory}"
+    $CPPFLAGS << " -Wall "
+
+    have_library("pthread")
+    have_library("protoc")
+    have_library("protobuf")
+
+    create_makefile('ruby_generator')
+  rescue ::Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError => ex
+    $stdout << <<-WARNING
+      Cannot compile native extension.
+
+      If you are running on Jruby or Windows you should compile protocol buffer
+      definitions on another computer and then use those definitions locally.
+
+      Only the compiler is restricted by this.  The definitions should work without issue.
+    WARNING
+    $stdout << $/
+  end
+else
+  $stdout << <<-WARNING
+    Cannot compile native extension.
+
+    If you are running on Jruby or Windows you should compile protocol buffer
+    definitions on another computer and then use those definitions locally.
+
+    Only the compiler is restricted by this.  The definitions should work without issue.
+  WARNING
+  $stdout << $/
+end