prosody 0.3.0 → 0.4.0

data/lib/prosody/state.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Prosody
+  # Base class for errors raised by keyed-state operations that will not
+  # succeed on retry (an unregistered collection name, an identity mismatch, a
+  # duplicate registration, an invalid TTL).
+  #
+  # It subclasses {PermanentError} so a rethrown state error is classified as
+  # permanent by the result bridge's `#permanent?` path with no bridge change.
+  #
+  # @see PermanentError
+  class PermanentStateError < PermanentError; end
+
+  # Base class for errors raised by keyed-state operations that may succeed on
+  # retry. Every caller/input mistake (a null write, a wrong item shape, an
+  # invalid index, an invalid direction token, an unrepresentable value) is
+  # transient so the message retries and stays visible rather than being
+  # discarded.
+  #
+  # It subclasses {TransientError} so a rethrown state error is classified as
+  # transient by the result bridge's `#permanent?` path with no bridge change.
+  #
+  # @see TransientError
+  class TransientStateError < TransientError; end
+
+  # Raised when a JSON `null` is written to a collection. `null` is not a
+  # storable value (it is indistinguishable from absence), so the write is
+  # rejected and the stored value is left untouched. Use `clear`/`delete` to
+  # express deletion instead.
+  #
+  # It is transient (a caller mistake), so it retries and stays visible.
+  #
+  # @see TransientStateError
+  class NullValueError < TransientStateError; end
+
+  # An immutable keyed-state collection definition.
+  #
+  # Definitions are frozen value objects produced by the {Prosody.value},
+  # {Prosody.map}, {Prosody.deque}, and their `message_*` siblings. A definition
+  # both serializes into `Configuration#state_collections` (via
+  # {#to_state_config}) so the collection is registered before subscribe, and
+  # drives {Prosody::Context#state} to vend the matching typed handle.
+  StateDefinition = Data.define(:name, :kind, :payload, :ttl_seconds, :read_uncommitted, :keyset_limit, :capacity) do
+    # Serializes this definition into the native-registration hash, omitting
+    # unset optionals so they fall back to the core defaults.
+    #
+    # @return [Hash] the registration hash for the native layer
+    def to_state_config
+      config = {name: name, kind: kind, payload: payload}
+      config[:ttl_seconds] = ttl_seconds unless ttl_seconds.nil?
+      config[:read_uncommitted] = read_uncommitted unless read_uncommitted.nil?
+      config[:keyset_limit] = keyset_limit unless keyset_limit.nil?
+      config[:capacity] = capacity unless capacity.nil?
+      config
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Defines a single-value JSON collection.
+  #
+  # @param name [#to_s] the collection name (unique within the client)
+  # @param ttl [Integer, nil] optional per-write TTL in whole seconds
+  # @param read_uncommitted [Boolean, nil] optional opt-out of transactional staging
+  # @return [StateDefinition] a frozen definition
+  def self.value(name, ttl: nil, read_uncommitted: nil)
+    StateDefinition.new(name: name.to_s, kind: "value", payload: "json",
+      ttl_seconds: ttl, read_uncommitted: read_uncommitted, keyset_limit: nil, capacity: nil)
+  end
+
+  # Defines a `String`-keyed ordered map JSON collection.
+  #
+  # @param name [#to_s] the collection name (unique within the client)
+  # @param ttl [Integer, nil] optional per-write TTL in whole seconds
+  # @param keyset_limit [Integer, nil] optional map-only keyset bound (`0..=4096`)
+  # @param read_uncommitted [Boolean, nil] optional opt-out of transactional staging
+  # @return [StateDefinition] a frozen definition
+  def self.map(name, ttl: nil, keyset_limit: nil, read_uncommitted: nil)
+    StateDefinition.new(name: name.to_s, kind: "map", payload: "json",
+      ttl_seconds: ttl, read_uncommitted: read_uncommitted, keyset_limit: keyset_limit, capacity: nil)
+  end
+
+  # Defines a deque JSON collection.
+  #
+  # @param name [#to_s] the collection name (unique within the client)
+  # @param ttl [Integer, nil] optional per-write TTL in whole seconds
+  # @param capacity [Integer, nil] optional window bound (at least 1); the
+  #   deque keeps at most this many slots, enforced lazily on push. Runtime-only
+  #   and mutable across deploys, never persisted (see {DequeState#push}).
+  # @param read_uncommitted [Boolean, nil] optional opt-out of transactional staging
+  # @return [StateDefinition] a frozen definition
+  def self.deque(name, ttl: nil, capacity: nil, read_uncommitted: nil)
+    StateDefinition.new(name: name.to_s, kind: "deque", payload: "json",
+      ttl_seconds: ttl, read_uncommitted: read_uncommitted, keyset_limit: nil, capacity: capacity)
+  end
+
+  # Defines a single-value Kafka-message collection (items are full messages).
+  #
+  # @param name [#to_s] the collection name (unique within the client)
+  # @param ttl [Integer, nil] optional per-write TTL in whole seconds
+  # @param read_uncommitted [Boolean, nil] optional opt-out of transactional staging
+  # @return [StateDefinition] a frozen definition
+  def self.message_value(name, ttl: nil, read_uncommitted: nil)
+    StateDefinition.new(name: name.to_s, kind: "value", payload: "message",
+      ttl_seconds: ttl, read_uncommitted: read_uncommitted, keyset_limit: nil, capacity: nil)
+  end
+
+  # Defines a `String`-keyed ordered map Kafka-message collection.
+  #
+  # @param name [#to_s] the collection name (unique within the client)
+  # @param ttl [Integer, nil] optional per-write TTL in whole seconds
+  # @param keyset_limit [Integer, nil] optional map-only keyset bound (`0..=4096`)
+  # @param read_uncommitted [Boolean, nil] optional opt-out of transactional staging
+  # @return [StateDefinition] a frozen definition
+  def self.message_map(name, ttl: nil, keyset_limit: nil, read_uncommitted: nil)
+    StateDefinition.new(name: name.to_s, kind: "map", payload: "message",
+      ttl_seconds: ttl, read_uncommitted: read_uncommitted, keyset_limit: keyset_limit, capacity: nil)
+  end
+
+  # Defines a deque Kafka-message collection.
+  #
+  # @param name [#to_s] the collection name (unique within the client)
+  # @param ttl [Integer, nil] optional per-write TTL in whole seconds
+  # @param capacity [Integer, nil] optional window bound (at least 1); the
+  #   deque keeps at most this many slots, enforced lazily on push. Runtime-only
+  #   and mutable across deploys, never persisted (see {DequeState#push}).
+  # @param read_uncommitted [Boolean, nil] optional opt-out of transactional staging
+  # @return [StateDefinition] a frozen definition
+  def self.message_deque(name, ttl: nil, capacity: nil, read_uncommitted: nil)
+    StateDefinition.new(name: name.to_s, kind: "deque", payload: "message",
+      ttl_seconds: ttl, read_uncommitted: read_uncommitted, keyset_limit: nil, capacity: capacity)
+  end
+
+  # Internal routing tables shared by the state wrappers.
+  module State
+    # Maps a definition's `[kind, payload]` to the native vend method and the
+    # public wrapper class that wraps the vended native handle.
+    VEND = {
+      %w[value json] => [:value_state, :ValueState],
+      %w[map json] => [:map_state, :MapState],
+      %w[deque json] => [:deque_state, :DequeState],
+      %w[value message] => [:message_value_state, :ValueState],
+      %w[map message] => [:message_map_state, :MapState],
+      %w[deque message] => [:message_deque_state, :DequeState]
+    }.freeze
+
+    # Adds keyed-state vending to the native context. Included into
+    # {Prosody::Context}; kept as a module so the routing can be exercised
+    # against a stand-in receiver.
+    module Vending
+      # Vends the typed keyed-state handle for `definition`.
+      #
+      # Handles are cached per context by kind, payload, and name, so repeated
+      # vends within one handler invocation return the same wrapper.
+      #
+      # @param definition [StateDefinition] a frozen collection definition
+      # @return [ValueState, MapState, DequeState] the typed handle
+      # @raise [TransientStateError] if the definition's kind/payload is unknown
+      # @raise [PermanentStateError] if the collection name is unregistered or
+      #   its registered identity mismatches
+      def state(definition)
+        cache = (@state_handles ||= {})
+        cache_key = "#{definition.kind}:#{definition.payload}:#{definition.name}"
+        return cache[cache_key] if cache.key?(cache_key)
+
+        vend_method, wrapper = VEND.fetch([definition.kind, definition.payload]) do
+          raise TransientStateError,
+            "state: unknown collection kind/payload #{[definition.kind, definition.payload].inspect}"
+        end
+        native = public_send(vend_method, definition.name)
+        cache[cache_key] = Prosody.const_get(wrapper).new(native)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Shared cursor-driving for the explicit-traversal handles. Folds the
+    # identical native-scan open/close/exhaustion loop; each handle supplies
+    # only the per-item yield shape through the block. Kept private (mixed into
+    # the handle classes) since it is not part of the public surface.
+    module Scanning
+      private
+
+      # Opens a native scan in `direction`, yields each item, and closes the
+      # scan via `ensure` on stop or exception. Direction validity is enforced
+      # by the native layer (an invalid token is rejected transient there); the
+      # public traversal methods only ever pass `:forward`/`:backward`. `opener`
+      # selects the native cursor seam — the default `:scan` yields values (or
+      # `[key, value]` pairs), `:keys` yields bare map keys.
+      def scan_each(direction, opener = :scan)
+        scan = @native.public_send(opener, direction.to_s)
+        begin
+          # `nil` is the exhaustion sentinel (unambiguous under the null ban);
+          # terminate on it explicitly rather than on falsiness, so a legal
+          # stored `false` (or a `[key, false]` pair, always a truthy Array)
+          # does not stop iteration and drop the tail after it.
+          until (item = scan.next).nil?
+            yield item
+          end
+        ensure
+          scan.close
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A single-value keyed-state handle.
+  #
+  # Reads return the stored JSON value (or a {Prosody::Message} for message
+  # collections), or `nil` when the value is absent. Writes are buffered and
+  # made durable by {#commit}. All operations are fiber-yield async: they look
+  # blocking but never block the thread.
+  class ValueState
+    # @param native [Prosody::NativeValueState] the vended native handle
+    def initialize(native)
+      @native = native
+    end
+
+    # Reads the current value.
+    #
+    # @return [Object, nil] the stored value, or `nil` when absent
+    def get = @native.get
+
+    # Buffers a write of the value.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object] the value to store (JSON, or a message)
+    # @return [void]
+    # @raise [NullValueError] if `value` is `nil` (use {#clear} to delete)
+    def set(value) = @native.set(value)
+
+    # Buffers a clear of the value.
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    def clear = @native.clear
+
+    # Durably commits the buffered operations mid-handler.
+    #
+    # @return [nil] the erased FFI seam drops the applied/no-op outcome
+    def commit = @native.commit
+
+    # Discards the buffered uncommitted operations.
+    #
+    # @return [nil]
+    def rollback = @native.rollback
+
+    # Reads the current value. Idiomatic alias of {#get}.
+    #
+    # @return [Object, nil]
+    alias_method :value, :get
+
+    # Buffers a write of the value. Idiomatic alias of {#set}. As with any Ruby
+    # writer, `state.value = x` evaluates to `x` regardless of the return.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object]
+    # @return [void]
+    alias_method :value=, :set
+  end
+
+  # A `String`-keyed ordered-map keyed-state handle.
+  #
+  # Traversal is explicit: {#each_pair}/{#reverse_each_pair} yield `key, value`
+  # pairs over a native scan, closing the scan via `ensure`. No aggregate-mixin
+  # methods are provided — they would silently materialize an unbounded remote
+  # collection.
+  class MapState
+    include State::Scanning
+
+    # @param native [Prosody::NativeMapState] the vended native handle
+    def initialize(native)
+      @native = native
+    end
+
+    # Reads the value for `key`.
+    #
+    # @param key [String] the map key
+    # @return [Object, nil] the value, or `nil` when the key is absent
+    def get(key) = @native.get(key)
+
+    # Reads several keys in a single isolated batch.
+    #
+    # @param keys [Array<String>] the keys to read, in order
+    # @return [Array<Object, nil>] one result per input key; `nil` for absent keys
+    def get_many(keys) = @native.get_many(keys)
+
+    # Inserts or overwrites `key`.
+    #
+    # @param key [String] the map key
+    # @param value [Object] the value to store (JSON, or a message)
+    # @return [void]
+    # @raise [NullValueError] if `value` is `nil` (use {#delete} to remove)
+    def set(key, value) = @native.set(key, value)
+
+    # Removes `key`.
+    #
+    # Documented divergence from `Hash#delete`: this returns `nil`, never the
+    # removed value (the erased FFI seam does not surface it).
+    #
+    # @param key [String] the map key
+    # @return [nil]
+    def delete(key)
+      @native.remove(key)
+      nil
+    end
+
+    # Removes every entry.
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    def clear = @native.clear
+
+    # Durably commits the buffered operations mid-handler.
+    #
+    # @return [nil] the erased FFI seam drops the applied/no-op outcome
+    def commit = @native.commit
+
+    # Discards the buffered uncommitted operations.
+    #
+    # @return [nil]
+    def rollback = @native.rollback
+
+    # Traverses the live entries in key order, yielding `key, value`.
+    #
+    # Without a block, returns an {Enumerator} over the native scan. Each step
+    # fiber-yields; the scan is closed via `ensure` on stop or exception. The
+    # enumerator is valid only within the current handler invocation.
+    #
+    # @yieldparam key [String]
+    # @yieldparam value [Object]
+    # @return [Enumerator, void]
+    def each_pair(&block) = traverse(:forward, &block)
+
+    # Traverses the live entries in reverse key order, yielding `key, value`.
+    #
+    # @yieldparam key [String]
+    # @yieldparam value [Object]
+    # @return [Enumerator, void]
+    def reverse_each_pair(&block) = traverse(:backward, &block)
+
+    # Traverses the live keys in key order, yielding each key (mirrors
+    # +Hash#each_key+). The key scan skips value decode and the resolver — a
+    # message-backed map yields keys with zero Kafka fetches, though not
+    # zero-I/O. Without a block, returns a demand-driven {Enumerator}; there is
+    # deliberately no eager +keys+ array (it would materialize the whole remote
+    # keyset). Mirrors {#each_pair}'s block-form return (+nil+), not stdlib's
+    # +self+, for in-repo sibling consistency.
+    #
+    # @yieldparam key [String]
+    # @return [Enumerator, void]
+    def each_key(&block) = traverse_keys(:forward, &block)
+
+    # Traverses the live keys in reverse key order, yielding each key.
+    #
+    # @yieldparam key [String]
+    # @return [Enumerator, void]
+    def reverse_each_key(&block) = traverse_keys(:backward, &block)
+
+    # --- idiomatic Hash-style aliases and conveniences ------------------
+    # Each is composed from the canonical ops above and adds no capability
+    # the naming matrix lacks. Bounded reads only: there is deliberately no
+    # +keys+/+values+/+to_h+/+count+ or +Enumerable+, which would materialize
+    # the whole (potentially unbounded) remote collection.
+
+    # Reads +key+. Idiomatic alias of {#get} (mirrors +Hash#[]+).
+    alias_method :[], :get
+
+    # Writes +key+. Idiomatic alias of {#set} (mirrors +Hash#[]=+). As with any
+    # Ruby +[]=+, `map[key] = value` evaluates to +value+ regardless of return.
+    alias_method :[]=, :set
+
+    # Writes +key+, returning the stored +value+ (mirrors +Hash#store+). A
+    # wrapper, not an alias: unlike +[]=+, +store+ is called normally, so its
+    # return is observed — and the native write returns +nil+.
+    #
+    # @param key [String]
+    # @param value [Object]
+    # @return [Object] the stored +value+
+    def store(key, value)
+      set(key, value)
+      value
+    end
+
+    # Traverses live entries in key order. Idiomatic alias of {#each_pair}
+    # (mirrors +Hash#each+).
+    alias_method :each, :each_pair
+
+    # Reads several keys positionally (mirrors +Hash#values_at+).
+    #
+    # @param keys [Array<String>] the keys to read
+    # @return [Array<Object, nil>] one result per key; +nil+ for absent keys
+    def values_at(*keys) = get_many(keys)
+
+    # Reads +key+, raising or defaulting when absent (mirrors +Hash#fetch+).
+    # Performs a single read; a +nil+ result is unambiguously "absent" under
+    # the null ban.
+    #
+    # @param key [String]
+    # @param default [Object] returned when +key+ is absent
+    # @yieldparam key [String] called (instead of +default+) when +key+ is absent
+    # @return [Object]
+    # @raise [KeyError] when +key+ is absent and no default or block is given
+    def fetch(key, *default, &block)
+      if default.length > 1
+        raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments (given #{default.length + 1}, expected 1..2)"
+      end
+      warn "warning: block supersedes default value argument" if block && !default.empty?
+
+      value = @native.get(key)
+      return value unless value.nil?
+      return block.call(key) if block
+      return default.first unless default.empty?
+
+      raise KeyError.new("key not found: #{key.inspect}", key: key, receiver: self)
+    end
+
+    # Whether +key+ has a live value (mirrors +Hash#key?+). A presence check:
+    # no value decode and no resolver run (not no-I/O). A message-backed map
+    # answers presence with zero Kafka fetches — +true+ even for a
+    # present-but-unfetchable cell — though a cache miss may still touch the
+    # store.
+    #
+    # @param key [String]
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    def key?(key) = @native.contains_key(key)
+    alias_method :has_key?, :key?
+    alias_method :include?, :key?
+    alias_method :member?, :key?
+
+    # Reads +key+ and digs into the nested value (mirrors +Hash#dig+). A single
+    # bounded read; digging continues in the returned local value.
+    #
+    # @param key [String]
+    # @return [Object, nil]
+    # @raise [TypeError] if a nested value does not respond to +dig+
+    def dig(key, *rest)
+      value = @native.get(key)
+      return value if rest.empty? || value.nil?
+
+      unless value.respond_to?(:dig)
+        raise TypeError, "#{value.class} does not have #dig method"
+      end
+
+      value.dig(*rest)
+    end
+
+    # Reads +keys+ as a single bounded batch, returning a +Hash+ of only the
+    # keys that are present (mirrors +Hash#slice+). Absent keys are omitted.
+    #
+    # @param keys [Array<String>] the keys to read
+    # @return [Hash{String => Object}] present keys mapped to their values
+    def slice(*keys)
+      result = {}
+      keys.zip(get_many(keys)) do |key, value|
+        result[key] = value unless value.nil?
+      end
+      result
+    end
+
+    # Reads +keys+ as a single bounded batch, requiring every key to be present
+    # (mirrors +Hash#fetch_values+). Without a block, a missing key raises
+    # {KeyError}; with a block, the block is called with each missing key and
+    # its result substituted.
+    #
+    # @param keys [Array<String>] the keys to read, in order
+    # @yieldparam key [String] called for each absent key
+    # @return [Array<Object>] one value per key, in order
+    # @raise [KeyError] when a key is absent and no block is given
+    def fetch_values(*keys, &block)
+      keys.zip(get_many(keys)).map do |key, value|
+        next value unless value.nil?
+        next block.call(key) if block
+
+        raise KeyError.new("key not found: #{key.inspect}", key: key, receiver: self)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def traverse(direction)
+      return enum_for(:traverse, direction) unless block_given?
+
+      # Yield the [key, value] pair as a single Array, matching Hash#each_pair:
+      # a two-parameter block auto-splats it (|k, v|), a one-parameter block
+      # receives the pair (|pair|), and the no-block Enumerator yields pairs.
+      scan_each(direction) { |pair| yield pair }
+    end
+
+    def traverse_keys(direction)
+      return enum_for(:traverse_keys, direction) unless block_given?
+
+      scan_each(direction, :keys) { |key| yield key }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A deque keyed-state handle.
+  #
+  # Traversal is explicit: {#each}/{#reverse_each} yield single elements over a
+  # native scan, closing the scan via `ensure`. No aggregate-mixin methods are
+  # provided.
+  class DequeState
+    include State::Scanning
+
+    # @param native [Prosody::NativeDequeState] the vended native handle
+    def initialize(native)
+      @native = native
+    end
+
+    # Appends an element at the back.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object] the element (JSON, or a message)
+    # @return [void]
+    # @raise [NullValueError] if `value` is `nil`
+    def push(value) = @native.push_back(value)
+
+    # Prepends an element at the front.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object] the element (JSON, or a message)
+    # @return [void]
+    # @raise [NullValueError] if `value` is `nil`
+    def unshift(value) = @native.push_front(value)
+
+    # Removes and returns the back element.
+    #
+    # @return [Object, nil] the removed element, or `nil` when empty
+    def pop = @native.pop_back
+
+    # Removes and returns the front element.
+    #
+    # @return [Object, nil] the removed element, or `nil` when empty
+    def shift = @native.pop_front
+
+    # The number of live elements.
+    #
+    # @return [Integer]
+    def length = @native.len
+
+    alias_method :size, :length
+
+    # Whether the deque holds no live elements.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    def empty? = @native.is_empty
+
+    # Removes every element.
+    #
+    # @return [void]
+    def clear = @native.clear
+
+    # Durably commits the buffered operations mid-handler.
+    #
+    # @return [nil] the erased FFI seam drops the applied/no-op outcome
+    def commit = @native.commit
+
+    # Discards the buffered uncommitted operations.
+    #
+    # @return [nil]
+    def rollback = @native.rollback
+
+    # Reads the element at `index`, resolving negatives Array-style (mirrors
+    # +Array#[]+'s read domain, without the indexer). A non-negative index
+    # reads from the front; `-1` is the back element, `-n` the nth from the end.
+    # `-1` fast-paths through {#last} (no length read); other negatives resolve
+    # against the current length (one length read + one element read),
+    # consistent because the deque has a single writer per attempt.
+    #
+    # @param index [Integer] the position (negative counts from the back)
+    # @return [Object, nil] the element, or `nil` outside the bounds
+    # @raise [TransientStateError] if `index` is not an Integer
+    def get(index)
+      unless index.is_a?(Integer)
+        raise TransientStateError, "get: index must be an Integer, got #{index.inspect}"
+      end
+      index.negative? ? at_negative(index) : @native.get(index)
+    end
+
+    # Traverses the live elements in index order.
+    #
+    # Without a block, returns an {Enumerator} over the native scan. Each step
+    # fiber-yields; the scan is closed via `ensure` on stop or exception.
+    #
+    # @yieldparam element [Object]
+    # @return [Enumerator, void]
+    def each(&block) = traverse(:forward, &block)
+
+    # Traverses the live elements in reverse index order.
+    #
+    # @yieldparam element [Object]
+    # @return [Enumerator, void]
+    def reverse_each(&block) = traverse(:backward, &block)
+
+    # --- idiomatic Array-style conveniences -----------------------------
+    # Composed from the canonical ops above; bounded reads only (no +to_a+,
+    # +map+, +sort+, or +Enumerable+ that would materialize the whole deque).
+    #
+    # Deliberately NOT provided: +[]+ and +at+. This is a remote deque; +get+
+    # and +fetch+ accept a single +Integer+ index (negatives resolve from the
+    # back, Array-style), but wearing +Array+'s +[]+/+at+ would invite a range
+    # read (+deque[0..2]+) that cannot be honored. Use the explicit {#get}, or
+    # {#first}/{#last} for the ends.
+
+    # Prepends +value+, returning +self+ for chaining (mirrors +Array#prepend+).
+    # A wrapper, not an alias: the native write returns +nil+.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object]
+    # @return [self]
+    def prepend(value)
+      unshift(value)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Appends +value+, returning +self+ for chaining (mirrors +Array#append+).
+    # A wrapper, not an alias: the native write returns +nil+.
+    #
+    # @param value [Object]
+    # @return [self]
+    def append(value)
+      push(value)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Appends +value+ at the back and returns +self+ for chaining
+    # (mirrors +Array#<<+).
+    #
+    # @param value [Object]
+    # @return [self]
+    def <<(value)
+      push(value)
+      self
+    end
+
+    # The front element, or +nil+ when empty (mirrors +Array#first+). An
+    # endpoint-slot read in one round trip (no length read). Under a TTL an
+    # expired front slot yields +nil+ even when live interior elements remain —
+    # a peek never searches inward.
+    #
+    # @return [Object, nil]
+    def first = @native.peek_front
+
+    # The back element, or +nil+ when empty (mirrors +Array#last+). An
+    # endpoint-slot read in one round trip (no length read); same TTL-hole
+    # semantics as {#first}.
+    #
+    # @return [Object, nil]
+    def last = @native.peek_back
+
+    # Reads the element at +index+, raising or defaulting when out of range
+    # (mirrors +Array#fetch+). A +nil+ result is unambiguously "out of range"
+    # under the null ban. Negatives resolve Array-style like {#get} — +-1+ is
+    # the back element, +-n+ the nth from the end; a fractional or non-Integer
+    # index is a caller mistake, rejected {TransientStateError}.
+    #
+    # @param index [Integer] the position (negative counts from the back)
+    # @param default [Object] returned when +index+ is out of range
+    # @yieldparam index [Integer] called (instead of +default+) when out of range
+    # @return [Object]
+    # @raise [IndexError] when out of range and no default or block is given
+    # @raise [TransientStateError] if +index+ is not an Integer
+    def fetch(index, *default, &block)
+      if default.length > 1
+        raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments (given #{default.length + 1}, expected 1..2)"
+      end
+      unless index.is_a?(Integer)
+        raise TransientStateError, "fetch: index must be an Integer, got #{index.inspect}"
+      end
+      warn "warning: block supersedes default value argument" if block && !default.empty?
+
+      value = index.negative? ? at_negative(index) : @native.get(index)
+      return value unless value.nil?
+      return block.call(index) if block
+      return default.first unless default.empty?
+
+      raise IndexError, "index #{index} outside deque bounds"
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    # Resolves a negative Array-style index against the current length: +-1+
+    # fast-paths through {#last} (no length read), other negatives read the
+    # length and index from the front. Returns +nil+ when the index resolves
+    # before the front (past the far end of the deque).
+    def at_negative(index)
+      return @native.peek_back if index == -1
+
+      resolved = @native.len + index
+      resolved.negative? ? nil : @native.get(resolved)
+    end
+
+    def traverse(direction)
+      return enum_for(:traverse, direction) unless block_given?
+
+      scan_each(direction) { |item| yield item }
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Reopens the native context class to add keyed-state vending.
+  class Context
+    include State::Vending
+  end
+end

data/lib/prosody/version.rb

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ module Prosody
   # This version number follows semantic versioning and is used by the
   # gem system to identify the library version. It should be updated
   # according to semver guidelines when making releases.
-  VERSION = "0.3.0"
+  VERSION = "0.4.0"
 end