processing 0.4.0

data/lib/processing/processing.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3211 @@
+module Processing
+
+
+  # Processing compatible API
+  #
+  module Processing
+
+
+    # @private
+    DEG2RAD__ = Math::PI / 180.0
+
+    # @private
+    RAD2DEG__ = 180.0 / Math::PI
+
+
+    # Vector class.
+    #
+    class Vector
+
+      include Comparable
+
+      # Initialize vector object.
+      #
+      # @overload new()
+      # @overload new(x)
+      # @overload new(x, y)
+      # @overload new(x, y, z)
+      # @overload new(v)
+      # @overload new(a)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of vector
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of vector
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of vector
+      # @param v [Vector]  vector object to copy
+      # @param a [Array]   array like [x, y, z]
+      #
+      def initialize(x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, context: nil)
+        @point = case x
+          when Rays::Point then x.dup
+          when Vector      then x.getInternal__.dup
+          when Array       then Rays::Point.new x[0] || 0, x[1] || 0, x[2] || 0
+          else                  Rays::Point.new x    || 0, y    || 0, z    || 0
+          end
+        @context = context || Context.context__
+      end
+
+      # Initializer for dup or clone
+      #
+      def initialize_copy(o)
+        @point = o.getInternal__.dup
+      end
+
+      # Copy vector object
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] duplicated vector object
+      #
+      alias copy dup
+
+      # Sets x, y and z.
+      #
+      # @overload set(x)
+      # @overload set(x, y)
+      # @overload set(x, y, z)
+      # @overload set(v)
+      # @overload set(a)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of vector
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of vector
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of vector
+      # @param v [Vector]  vector object to copy
+      # @param a [Array]   array with x, y, z
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def set(*args)
+        initialize(*args)
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Gets x value.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] x value of vector
+      #
+      def x()
+        @point.x
+      end
+
+      # Gets y value.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] y value of vector
+      #
+      def y()
+        @point.y
+      end
+
+      # Gets z value.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] z value of vector
+      #
+      def z()
+        @point.z
+      end
+
+      # Sets x value.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] x value of vector
+      #
+      def x=(x)
+        @point.x = x
+      end
+
+      # Sets y value.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] y value of vector
+      #
+      def y=(y)
+        @point.y = y
+      end
+
+      # Sets z value.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] z value of vector
+      #
+      def z=(z)
+        @point.z = z
+      end
+
+      # Returns the interpolated vector between 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @overload lerp(v, amount)
+      # @overload lerp(x, y, amount)
+      # @overload lerp(x, y, z, amount)
+      #
+      # @param v      [Vector]  vector to interpolate
+      # @param x      [Numeric] x of vector to interpolate
+      # @param y      [Numeric] y of vector to interpolate
+      # @param z      [Numeric] z of vector to interpolate
+      # @param amount [Numeric] amount to interpolate
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] interporated vector
+      #
+      def lerp(*args, amount)
+        v      = toVector__(*args)
+        self.x = x + (v.x - x) * amount
+        self.y = y + (v.y - y) * amount
+        self.z = z + (v.z - z) * amount
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Returns the interpolated vector between 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @param v1     [Vector] vector to interpolate
+      # @param v2     [Vector] vector to interpolate
+      # @param amount [Numeric] amount to interpolate
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] interporated vector
+      #
+      def self.lerp(v1, v2, amount)
+        v1.dup.lerp v2, amount
+      end
+
+      # Returns x, y, z as an array
+      #
+      # @return [Array] array of x, y, z
+      #
+      def array()
+        @point.to_a 3
+      end
+
+      # Adds a vector.
+      #
+      # @overload add(v)
+      # @overload add(x, y)
+      # @overload add(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param v [Vector] vector to add
+      # @param x [Vector] x of vector to add
+      # @param y [Vector] y of vector to add
+      # @param z [Vector] z of vector to add
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] added vector
+      #
+      def add(*args)
+        @point += toVector__(*args).getInternal__
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Subtracts a vector.
+      #
+      # @overload sub(v)
+      # @overload sub(x, y)
+      # @overload sub(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param v [Vector] vector to subtract
+      # @param x [Vector] x of vector to subtract
+      # @param y [Vector] y of vector to subtract
+      # @param z [Vector] z of vector to subtract
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] subtracted vector
+      #
+      def sub(*args)
+        @point -= toVector__(*args).getInternal__
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Multiplies a vector by scalar.
+      #
+      # @param num [Numeric] number to multiply the vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] multiplied vector
+      #
+      def mult(num)
+        @point *= num
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Divides a vector by scalar.
+      #
+      # @param num [Numeric] number to divide the vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] divided vector
+      #
+      def div(num)
+        @point /= num
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Adds a vector.
+      #
+      # @param v [Vector] vector to add
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] added vector
+      #
+      def +(v)
+        dup.add v
+      end
+
+      # Subtracts a vector.
+      #
+      # @param v [Vector] vector to subtract
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] subtracted vector
+      #
+      def -(v)
+        dup.sub v
+      end
+
+      # Multiplies a vector by scalar.
+      #
+      # @param num [Numeric] number to multiply the vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] multiplied vector
+      #
+      def *(num)
+        dup.mult num
+      end
+
+      # Divides a vector by scalar.
+      #
+      # @param num [Numeric] number to divide the vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] divided vector
+      #
+      def /(num)
+        dup.div num
+      end
+
+      # Adds 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @overload add(v1, v2)
+      # @overload add(v1, v2, target)
+      #
+      # @param v1     [Vector] a vector
+      # @param v2     [Vector] another vector
+      # @param target [Vector] vector to store added vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] added vector
+      #
+      def self.add(v1, v2, target = nil)
+        v = v1 + v2
+        target.set v if self === target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # Subtracts 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @overload sub(v1, v2)
+      # @overload sub(v1, v2, target)
+      #
+      # @param v1     [Vector] a vector
+      # @param v2     [Vector] another vector
+      # @param target [Vector] vector to store subtracted vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] subtracted vector
+      #
+      def self.sub(v1, v2, target = nil)
+        v = v1 - v2
+        target.set v if self === target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # Multiplies a vector by scalar.
+      #
+      # @overload mult(v, num)
+      # @overload mult(v, num, target)
+      #
+      # @param v      [Vector]  a vector
+      # @param num    [Numeric] number to multiply the vector
+      # @param target [Vector]  vector to store multiplied vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] multiplied vector
+      #
+      def self.mult(v1, num, target = nil)
+        v = v1 * num
+        target.set v if self === target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # Divides a vector by scalar.
+      #
+      # @overload div(v, num)
+      # @overload div(v, num, target)
+      #
+      # @param v      [Vector]  a vector
+      # @param num    [Numeric] number to divide the vector
+      # @param target [Vector]  vector to store divided vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] divided vector
+      #
+      def self.div(v1, num, target = nil)
+        v = v1 / num
+        target.set v if self === target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # Returns the length of the vector.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] length
+      #
+      def mag()
+        @point.length
+      end
+
+      # Returns squared length of the vector.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] squared length
+      #
+      def magSq()
+        Rays::Point::dot(@point, @point)
+      end
+
+      # Changes the length of the vector.
+      #
+      # @overload setMag(len)
+      # @overload setMag(target, len)
+      #
+      # @param len    [Numeric] length of new vector
+      # @param target [Vector]  vector to store new vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] vector with new length
+      #
+      def setMag(target = nil, len)
+        (target || self).set @point.normal * len
+      end
+
+      # Changes the length of the vector to 1.0.
+      #
+      # @param target [Vector] vector to store the normalized vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] normalized vector
+      #
+      def normalize(target = nil)
+        (target || self).set @point.normal
+      end
+
+      # Changes the length of the vector if it's length is greater than the max value.
+      #
+      # @param max [Numeric] max length
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] new vector
+      #
+      def limit(max)
+        setMag max if magSq > max ** 2
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Returns the distance of 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @param v [Vector] a vector
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the distance
+      #
+      def dist(v)
+        (self - v).mag
+      end
+
+      # Returns the distance of 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @param v1 [Vector] a vector
+      # @param v2 [Vector] another vector
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the distance
+      #
+      def self.dist(v1, v2)
+        v1.dist v2
+      end
+
+      # Calculates the dot product of 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @overload dot(v)
+      # @overload dot(x, y)
+      # @overload dot(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param v [Vector] a vector
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of vector
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of vector
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of vector
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result of dot product
+      #
+      def dot(*args)
+        Rays::Point::dot getInternal__, toVector__(*args).getInternal__
+      end
+
+      # Calculates the dot product of 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @param v1 [Vector] a vector
+      # @param v2 [Vector] another vector
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result of dot product
+      #
+      def self.dot(v1, v2)
+        v1.dot v2
+      end
+
+      # Calculates the cross product of 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @overload cross(v)
+      # @overload cross(x, y)
+      # @overload cross(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param v [Vector] a vector
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of vector
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of vector
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of vector
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result of cross product
+      #
+      def cross(a, *rest)
+        target = self.class === rest.last ? rest.pop : nil
+        v = self.class.new Rays::Point::cross getInternal__, toVector__(a, *rest).getInternal__
+        target.set v if self.class === target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # Calculates the cross product of 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @param v1 [Vector] a vector
+      # @param v2 [Vector] another vector
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result of cross product
+      #
+      def self.cross(v1, v2, target = nil)
+        v1.cross v2, target
+      end
+
+      # Rotate the vector.
+      #
+      # @param angle [Numeric] the angle of rotation
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] rotated this object
+      #
+      def rotate(angle)
+        angle = @context ? @context.toAngle__(angle) : angle * RAD2DEG__
+        @point.rotate! angle
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Returns the angle of rotation for this vector.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the angle in radians
+      #
+      def heading()
+        Math.atan2 y, x
+      end
+
+      # Returns rotated new vector.
+      #
+      # @param angle  [Numeric] the angle of rotation
+      # @param target [Vector]  vector to store new vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] rotated vector
+      #
+      def self.fromAngle(angle, target = nil)
+        v = self.new(1, 0, 0).rotate(angle)
+        target.set v if target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # Returns angle between 2 vectors.
+      #
+      # @param v1 [Vector] a vector
+      # @param v2 [Vector] another vector
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] angle in radians
+      #
+      def self.angleBetween(v1, v2)
+        x1, y1, z1 = v1.array
+        x2, y2, z2 = v2.array
+        return 0 if (x1 == 0 && y1 == 0 && z1 == 0) || (x2 == 0 && y2 == 0 && z2 == 0)
+
+        x = dot(v1, v2) / (v1.mag * v2.mag)
+        return Math::PI if x <= -1
+        return 0        if x >= 1
+        return Math.acos x
+      end
+
+      # Returns a new 2D unit vector with a random direction.
+      #
+      # @param target [Vector] a vector to store the new vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] a random vector
+      #
+      def self.random2D(target = nil)
+        v = self.fromAngle rand 0.0...(Math::PI * 2)
+        target.set v if target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # Returns a new 3D unit vector with a random direction.
+      #
+      # @param target [Vector] a vector to store the new vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] a random vector
+      #
+      def self.random3D(target = nil)
+        angle = rand 0.0...(Math::PI * 2)
+        z     = rand(-1.0..1.0)
+        z2    = z ** 2
+        x     = Math.sqrt(1.0 - z2) * Math.cos(angle)
+        y     = Math.sqrt(1.0 - z2) * Math.sin(angle)
+        v     = self.new x, y, z
+        target.set v if target
+        v
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def inspect()
+        "<##{self.class.name} #{x}, #{y}, #{z}>"
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def <=>(o)
+        @point <=> o.getInternal__
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__()
+        @point
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def toVector__(*args)
+        self.class === args.first ? args.first : self.class.new(*args)
+      end
+
+    end# Vector
+
+
+    # Image object.
+    #
+    class Image
+
+      # @private
+      def initialize(image)
+        @image = image
+      end
+
+      # Gets width of image.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] width of image
+      #
+      def width()
+        @image.width
+      end
+
+      # Gets height of image.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] height of image
+      #
+      def height()
+        @image.height
+      end
+
+      # Applies an image filter.
+      #
+      # overload filter(shader)
+      # overload filter(type)
+      # overload filter(type, param)
+      #
+      # @param shader [Shader]  a fragment shader to apply
+      # @param type   [THRESHOLD, GRAY, INVERT, BLUR] filter type
+      # @param param  [Numeric] a parameter for each filter
+      #
+      def filter(*args)
+        @filter = Shader.createFilter__(*args)
+      end
+
+      # Resizes image.
+      #
+      # @param width  [Numeric] width for resized image
+      # @param height [Numeric] height for resized image
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def resize(width, height)
+        @image = Rays::Image.new(width, height).paint do |painter|
+          painter.image @image, 0, 0, width, height
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Copies image.
+      #
+      # @overload copy(sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      # @overload copy(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      #
+      # @param img [Image]   image for copy source
+      # @param sx  [Numrtic] x position of source region
+      # @param sy  [Numrtic] y position of source region
+      # @param sw  [Numrtic] width of source region
+      # @param sh  [Numrtic] height of source region
+      # @param dx  [Numrtic] x position of destination region
+      # @param dy  [Numrtic] y position of destination region
+      # @param dw  [Numrtic] width of destination region
+      # @param dh  [Numrtic] height of destination region
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def copy(img = nil, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+        blend img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, :normal
+      end
+
+      # Blends image.
+      #
+      # @overload blend(sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, mode)
+      # @overload blend(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, mode)
+      #
+      # @param img  [Image]   image for blend source
+      # @param sx   [Numeric] x position of source region
+      # @param sy   [Numeric] y position of source region
+      # @param sw   [Numeric] width of source region
+      # @param sh   [Numeric] height of source region
+      # @param dx   [Numeric] x position of destination region
+      # @param dy   [Numeric] y position of destination region
+      # @param dw   [Numeric] width of destination region
+      # @param dh   [Numeric] height of destination region
+      # @param mode [BLEND, ADD, SUBTRACT, LIGHTEST, DARKEST, EXCLUSION, MULTIPLY, SCREEN, REPLACE] blend mode
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def blend(img = nil, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, mode)
+        img ||= self
+        @image.paint do |painter|
+          img.drawImage__ painter, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, blend_mode: mode
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Saves image to file.
+      #
+      # @param filename [String] file name to save image
+      #
+      def save(filename)
+        @image.save filename
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__()
+        @image
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def drawImage__(painter, *args, **states)
+        shader = painter.shader || @filter&.getInternal__
+        painter.push shader: shader, **states do |_|
+          painter.image getInternal__, *args
+        end
+      end
+
+    end# Image
+
+
+    # Font object.
+    #
+    class Font
+
+      # @private
+      def initialize(font)
+        @font = font
+      end
+
+      # Returns bounding box.
+      #
+      # @overload textBounds(str)
+      # @overload textBounds(str, x, y)
+      # @overload textBounds(str, x, y, fontSize)
+      #
+      # @param str      [String]  text to calculate bounding box
+      # @param x        [Numeric] horizontal position of bounding box
+      # @param y        [Numeric] vertical position of bounding box
+      # @param fontSize [Numeric] font size
+      #
+      # @return [TextBounds] bounding box for text
+      #
+      def textBounds(str, x = 0, y = 0, fontSize = nil)
+        f = fontSize ? Rays::Font.new(@font.name, fontSize) : @font
+        TextBounds.new x, y, x + f.width(str), y + f.height
+      end
+
+    end# Font
+
+
+    # Bounding box for text.
+    #
+    class TextBounds
+
+      # Horizontal position
+      #
+      attr_reader :x
+
+      # Vertical position
+      #
+      attr_reader :y
+
+      # Width of bounding box
+      #
+      attr_reader :w
+
+      # Height of bounding box
+      #
+      attr_reader :h
+
+      # @private
+      def initialize(x, y, w, h)
+        @x, @y, @w, @h = x, y, w, h
+      end
+
+    end# TextBounds
+
+
+    # Touch object.
+    #
+    class Touch
+
+      # Identifier of each touch
+      #
+      attr_reader :id
+
+      # Horizontal position of touch
+      #
+      attr_reader :x
+
+      # Vertical position of touch
+      #
+      attr_reader :y
+
+      # @private
+      def initialize(id, x, y)
+        @id, @x, @y = id, x, y
+      end
+
+    end# Touch
+
+
+    # Shader object.
+    #
+    class Shader
+
+      # Initialize shader object.
+      #
+      # @param vertSrc [String] vertex shader source
+      # @param fragSrc [String] fragment shader source
+      #
+      def initialize(vertSrc, fragSrc)
+        @shader = Rays::Shader.new fragSrc, vertSrc, ENV__
+      end
+
+      # Sets uniform variables.
+      #
+      # @overload set(name, a)
+      # @overload set(name, a, b)
+      # @overload set(name, a, b, c)
+      # @overload set(name, a, b, c, d)
+      # @overload set(name, nums)
+      # @overload set(name, vec)
+      # @overload set(name, vec, ncoords)
+      # @overload set(name, tex)
+      #
+      # @param name    [String]  uniform variable name
+      # @param a       [Numeric] int or float value
+      # @param b       [Numeric] int or float value
+      # @param c       [Numeric] int or float value
+      # @param d       [Numeric] int or float value
+      # @param nums    [Array]   int or float array
+      # @param vec     [Vector]  vector
+      # @param ncoords [Integer] number of coordinates, max 4
+      # @param tex     [Image]   texture image
+      #
+      def setUniform(name, *args)
+        arg = args.first
+        case
+        when Array === arg
+          @shader.uniform name, *arg
+        when Numeric === arg
+          @shader.uniform name, *args
+        when Vector === arg
+          vec, ncoords = args
+          @shader.uniform name, vec.getInternal__.to_a(ncoords || 3)
+        when arg.respond_to?(:getInternal__)
+          @shader.uniform name, arg.getInternal__
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError
+        end
+      end
+
+      alias set setUniform
+
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__()
+        @shader
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      ENV__ = {
+        attribute_position:      [:vertex, :position],
+        attribute_texcoord:      :texCoord,
+        attribute_color:         :color,
+        varying_position:        :vertPosition,
+        varying_texcoord:        :vertTexCoord,
+        varying_color:           :vertColor,
+        uniform_position_matrix: [:transform, :transformMatrix],
+        uniform_texcoord_matrix: :texMatrix,
+        uniform_texcoord_min:    :texMin,
+        uniform_texcoord_max:    :texMax,
+        uniform_texcoord_offset: :texOffset,
+        uniform_texture:         [:texMap, :texture]
+      }.freeze
+
+      # @private
+      def self.createFilter__(*args)
+        case arg = args.shift
+        when Shader
+          arg
+        when :threshold
+          self.new(nil, <<~END).tap {|sh| sh.set :threshold, (args.shift || 0.5)}
+            uniform float threshold;
+            uniform sampler2D texMap;
+            varying vec4 vertTexCoord;
+            varying vec4 vertColor;
+            void main() {
+              vec4 col     = texture2D(texMap, vertTexCoord.xy) * vertColor;
+              float gray   = col.r * 0.3 + col.g * 0.59 + col.b * 0.11;
+              gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(gray > threshold ? 1.0 : 0.0), 1.0);
+            }
+          END
+        when :gray
+          self.new nil, <<~END
+            uniform sampler2D texMap;
+            varying vec4 vertTexCoord;
+            varying vec4 vertColor;
+            void main() {
+              vec4 col     = texture2D(texMap, vertTexCoord.xy);
+              float gray   = col.r * 0.3 + col.g * 0.59 + col.b * 0.11;
+              gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(gray), 1.0) * vertColor;
+            }
+          END
+        when :invert
+          self.new nil, <<~END
+            uniform sampler2D texMap;
+            varying vec4 vertTexCoord;
+            varying vec4 vertColor;
+            void main() {
+              vec4 col     = texture2D(texMap, vertTexCoord.xy);
+              gl_FragColor = vec4(vec3(1.0 - col.rgb), 1.0) * vertColor;
+            }
+          END
+        when :blur
+          self.new(nil, <<~END).tap {|sh| sh.set :radius, (args.shift || 1).to_f}
+            #define PI 3.1415926538
+            uniform float radius;
+            uniform sampler2D texMap;
+            uniform vec3 texMin;
+            uniform vec3 texMax;
+            uniform vec3 texOffset;
+            varying vec4 vertTexCoord;
+            varying vec4 vertColor;
+            float gaussian(vec2 pos, float sigma) {
+              float s2 = sigma * sigma;
+              return 1.0 / (2.0 * PI * s2) * exp(-(dot(pos, pos) / (2.0 * s2)));
+            }
+            void main() {
+              float sigma        = radius * 0.5;
+              vec3 color         = vec3(0.0);
+              float total_weight = 0.0;
+              for (float y = -radius; y < radius; y += 1.0)
+              for (float x = -radius; x < radius; x += 1.0) {
+                vec2 offset   = vec2(x, y);
+                float weight  = gaussian(offset, sigma);
+                vec2 texcoord = vertTexCoord.xy + offset * texOffset.xy;
+                if (
+                  texcoord.x < texMin.x || texMax.x < texcoord.x ||
+                  texcoord.y < texMin.y || texMax.y < texcoord.y
+                ) continue;
+                color += texture2D(texMap, texcoord).rgb * weight;
+                total_weight += weight;
+              }
+              gl_FragColor = vec4(color / total_weight, 1.0) * vertColor;
+            }
+          END
+        else
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+
+    end# Shader
+
+
+    # Camera object.
+    #
+    class Capture
+
+      # Returns a list of available camera device names
+      #
+      # @return [Array] device name list
+      #
+      def self.list()
+        Rays::Camera.device_names
+      end
+
+      # Initialize camera object.
+      #
+      # @overload Capture.new()
+      # @overload Capture.new(cameraName)
+      # @overload Capture.new(requestWidth, requestHeight)
+      # @overload Capture.new(requestWidth, requestHeight, cameraName)
+      #
+      # @param requestWidth  [Integer] captured image width
+      # @param requestHeight [Integer] captured image height
+      # @param cameraName    [String]  camera device name
+      #
+      def initialize(*args)
+        width, height, name =
+          if args.empty?
+            [-1, -1, nil]
+          elsif args[0].kind_of?(String)
+            [-1, -1, args[0]]
+          elsif args[0].kind_of?(Numeric) && args[1].kind_of?(Numeric)
+            [args[0], args[1], args[2]]
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError
+          end
+        @camera = Rays::Camera.new width, height, device_name: name
+      end
+
+      # Start capturing.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def start()
+        raise "Failed to start capture" unless @camera.start
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Stop capturing.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def stop()
+        @camera.stop
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Returns is the next captured image available?
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] true means object has next frame
+      #
+      def available()
+        @camera.active?
+      end
+
+      # Reads next frame image
+      #
+      def read()
+        @camera.image
+      end
+
+      # Returns the width of captured image
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the width of captured image
+      #
+      def width()
+        @camera.image&.width || 0
+      end
+
+      # Returns the height of captured image
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the height of captured image
+      #
+      def height()
+        @camera.image&.height || 0
+      end
+
+      # Applies an image filter.
+      #
+      # overload filter(shader)
+      # overload filter(type)
+      # overload filter(type, param)
+      #
+      # @param shader [Shader]  a fragment shader to apply
+      # @param type   [THRESHOLD, GRAY, INVERT, BLUR] filter type
+      # @param param  [Numeric] a parameter for each filter
+      #
+      def filter(*args)
+        @filter = Shader.createFilter__(*args)
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__()
+        @camera.image || (@dummyImage ||= Rays::Image.new 1, 1)
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def drawImage__(painter, *args, **states)
+        shader = painter.shader || @filter&.getInternal__
+        painter.push shader: shader, **states do |_|
+          painter.image getInternal__, *args
+        end
+      end
+
+    end# Capture
+
+
+    # Drawing context
+    #
+    module GraphicsContext
+
+      # PI
+      #
+      PI         = Math::PI
+
+      # PI / 2
+      #
+      HALF_PI    = PI / 2
+
+      # PI / 4
+      #
+      QUARTER_PI = PI / 4
+
+      # PI * 2
+      #
+      TWO_PI     = PI * 2
+
+      # PI * 2
+      #
+      TAU        = PI * 2
+
+      # RGBA format for createImage().
+      #
+      RGBA = :rgba
+
+      # RGB format for createImage, or RGB mode for colorMode().
+      #
+      RGB  = :rgb
+
+      # HSB mode for colorMode().
+      #
+      HSB  = :hsb
+
+      # Radian mode for angleMode().
+      #
+      RADIANS = :radians
+
+      # Degree mode for angleMode().
+      #
+      DEGREES = :degrees
+
+      # Mode for rectMode(), ellipseMode() and imageMode().
+      #
+      CORNER  = :corner
+
+      # Mode for rectMode(), ellipseMode() and imageMode().
+      #
+      CORNERS = :corners
+
+      # Mode for rectMode(), ellipseMode(), imageMode() and textAlign().
+      #
+      CENTER  = :center
+
+      # Mode for rectMode() and ellipseMode().
+      #
+      RADIUS  = :radius
+
+      # Mode for strokeCap().
+      #
+      PROJECT = :square
+
+      # Mode for strokeJoin().
+      #
+      MITER   = :miter
+
+      # Mode for strokeCap() and strokeJoin().
+      #
+      ROUND   = :round
+
+      # Mode for strokeCap() and strokeJoin().
+      #
+      SQUARE  = :butt
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      BLEND     = :normal
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      ADD       = :add
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      SUBTRACT  = :subtract
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      LIGHTEST  = :lightest
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      DARKEST   = :darkest
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      EXCLUSION = :exclusion
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      MULTIPLY  = :multiply
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      SCREEN    = :screen
+
+      # Mode for blendMode().
+      #
+      REPLACE   = :replace
+
+      # Key code or Mode for textAlign().
+      LEFT     = :left
+
+      # Key code or Mode for textAlign().
+      RIGHT    = :right
+
+      # Mode for textAlign().
+      TOP      = :top
+
+      # Mode for textAlign().
+      BOTTOM   = :bottom
+
+      # Mode for textAlign().
+      BASELINE = :baseline
+
+      # Filter type for filter()
+      THRESHOLD = :threshold
+
+      # Filter type for filter()
+      GRAY      = :gray
+
+      # Filter type for filter()
+      INVERT    = :invert
+
+      # Filter type for filter()
+      BLUR      = :blur
+
+      # Key codes.
+      ENTER     = :enter
+      SPACE     = :space
+      TAB       = :tab
+      DELETE    = :delete
+      BACKSPACE = :backspace
+      ESC       = :escape
+      HOME      = :home
+      #END       = :end
+      PAGEUP    = :pageup
+      PAGEDOWN  = :pagedown
+      CLEAR     = :clear
+      SHIFT     = :shift
+      CONTROL   = :control
+      ALT       = :alt
+      WIN       = :win
+      COMMAND   = :command
+      OPTION    = :option
+      FUNCTION  = :function
+      CAPSLOCK  = :capslock
+      SECTION   = :section
+      HELP      = :help
+      F1        = :f1
+      F2        = :f2
+      F3        = :f3
+      F4        = :f4
+      F5        = :f5
+      F6        = :f6
+      F7        = :f7
+      F8        = :f8
+      F9        = :f9
+      F10       = :f10
+      F11       = :f11
+      F12       = :f12
+      F13       = :f13
+      F14       = :f14
+      F15       = :f15
+      F16       = :f16
+      F17       = :f17
+      F18       = :f18
+      F19       = :f19
+      F20       = :f20
+      F21       = :f21
+      F22       = :f22
+      F23       = :f23
+      F24       = :f24
+      UP        = :up
+      DOWN      = :down
+
+      # @private
+      def init__(image, painter)
+        @drawing__     = false
+        @hsbColor__    = false
+        @colorMaxes__  = [1.0] * 4
+        @angleScale__  = 1.0
+        @rectMode__    = nil
+        @ellipseMode__ = nil
+        @imageMode__   = nil
+        @textAlignH__  = nil
+        @textAlignV__  = nil
+        @tint__        = nil
+        @filter__      = nil
+        @matrixStack__ = []
+        @styleStack__  = []
+        @fontCache__   = {}
+
+        updateCanvas__ image, painter
+
+        colorMode   RGB, 255
+        angleMode   RADIANS
+        rectMode    CORNER
+        ellipseMode CENTER
+        imageMode   CORNER
+        blendMode   BLEND
+        strokeCap   ROUND
+        strokeJoin  MITER
+        textAlign   LEFT
+
+        fill 255
+        stroke 0
+        strokeWeight 1
+        noTint
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def updateCanvas__(image, painter)
+        @image__, @painter__ = image, painter
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def beginDraw__()
+        raise "call beginDraw() before drawing" if @drawing__
+        @matrixStack__.clear
+        @styleStack__.clear
+        @drawing__ = true
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def endDraw__()
+        raise unless @drawing__
+        @drawing__ = false
+      end
+
+      def width()
+        @image__.width
+      end
+
+      def height()
+        @image__.height
+      end
+
+      # Sets color mode and max color values.
+      #
+      # @overload colorMode(mode)
+      # @overload colorMode(mode, max)
+      # @overload colorMode(mode, max1, max2, max3)
+      # @overload colorMode(mode, max1, max2, max3, maxA)
+      #
+      # @param mode [RGB, HSB] RGB or HSB
+      # @param max  [Numeric]  max values for all color values
+      # @param max1 [Numeric]  max value for red or hue
+      # @param max2 [Numeric]  max value for green or saturation
+      # @param max3 [Numeric]  max value for blue or brightness
+      # @param maxA [Numeric]  max value for alpha
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def colorMode(mode, *maxes)
+        mode = mode.downcase.to_sym
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid color mode: #{mode}" unless [RGB, HSB].include?(mode)
+        raise ArgumentError unless [0, 1, 3, 4].include?(maxes.size)
+
+        @hsbColor__ = mode == HSB
+        case maxes.size
+        when 1    then @colorMaxes__                 = [maxes.first.to_f] * 4
+        when 3, 4 then @colorMaxes__[0...maxes.size] = maxes.map &:to_f
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def toRGBA__(*args)
+        a, b, c, d = args
+        return parseColor__(a, b || alphaMax__) if a.kind_of?(String)
+
+        rgba = case args.size
+          when 1, 2 then [a, a, a, b || alphaMax__]
+          when 3, 4 then [a, b, c, d || alphaMax__]
+          else raise ArgumentError
+          end
+        rgba  = rgba.map.with_index {|value, i| value / @colorMaxes__[i]}
+        color = @hsbColor__ ? Rays::Color.hsv(*rgba) : Rays::Color.new(*rgba)
+        color.to_a
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def parseColor__(str, alpha)
+        result = str.match(/^\s*##{'([0-9a-f]{2})' * 3}\s*$/i)
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid color code: '#{str}'" unless result
+
+        rgb = result[1..3].map.with_index {|hex, i| hex.to_i(16) / 255.0}
+        return *rgb, (alpha / alphaMax__)
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def alphaMax__()
+        @colorMaxes__[3]
+      end
+
+      # Sets angle mode.
+      #
+      # @param mode [RADIANS, DEGREES] RADIANS or DEGREES
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def angleMode(mode)
+        @angleScale__ = case mode.downcase.to_sym
+          when RADIANS then RAD2DEG__
+          when DEGREES then 1.0
+          else raise ArgumentError, "invalid angle mode: #{mode}"
+          end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def toAngle__(angle)
+        angle * @angleScale__
+      end
+
+      # Sets rect mode. Default is CORNER.
+      #
+      # CORNER  -> rect(left, top, width, height)
+      # CORNERS -> rect(left, top, right, bottom)
+      # CENTER  -> rect(center_x, center_y, width, height)
+      # RADIUS  -> rect(center_x, center_y, radius_h, radius_v)
+      #
+      # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER, RADIUS]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def rectMode(mode)
+        @rectMode__ = mode
+      end
+
+      # Sets ellipse mode. Default is CENTER.
+      #
+      # CORNER  -> ellipse(left, top, width, height)
+      # CORNERS -> ellipse(left, top, right, bottom)
+      # CENTER  -> ellipse(center_x, center_y, width, height)
+      # RADIUS  -> ellipse(center_x, center_y, radius_h, radius_v)
+      #
+      # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER, RADIUS]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def ellipseMode(mode)
+        @ellipseMode__ = mode
+      end
+
+      # Sets image mode. Default is CORNER.
+      #
+      # CORNER  -> image(img, left, top, width, height)
+      # CORNERS -> image(img, left, top, right, bottom)
+      # CENTER  -> image(img, center_x, center_y, width, height)
+      #
+      # @param mode [CORNER, CORNERS, CENTER]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def imageMode(mode)
+        @imageMode__ = mode
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def toXYWH__(mode, a, b, c, d)
+        case mode
+        when CORNER  then [a,           b,           c,     d]
+        when CORNERS then [a,           b,           c - a, d - b]
+        when CENTER  then [a - c / 2.0, b - d / 2.0, c,     d]
+        when RADIUS  then [a - c,       b - d,       c * 2, d * 2]
+        else raise ArgumentError # ToDo: refine error message
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Sets blend mode. Default is BLEND.
+      #
+      # @param mode [BLEND, ADD, SUBTRACT, LIGHTEST, DARKEST, EXCLUSION, MULTIPLY, SCREEN, REPLACE]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def blendMode(mode)
+        @painter__.blend_mode = mode
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Sets fill color.
+      #
+      # @overload fill(rgb)
+      # @overload fill(rgb, alpha)
+      # @overload fill(gray)
+      # @overload fill(gray, alpha)
+      # @overload fill(r, g, b)
+      # @overload fill(r, g, b, alpha)
+      #
+      # @param rgb   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
+      # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
+      # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
+      # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
+      # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
+      # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def fill(*args)
+        @painter__.fill(*toRGBA__(*args))
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Disables filling.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noFill()
+        @painter__.fill nil
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Sets stroke color.
+      #
+      # @overload stroke(rgb)
+      # @overload stroke(rgb, alpha)
+      # @overload stroke(gray)
+      # @overload stroke(gray, alpha)
+      # @overload stroke(r, g, b)
+      # @overload stroke(r, g, b, alpha)
+      #
+      # @param rgb   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
+      # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
+      # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
+      # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
+      # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
+      # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def stroke(*args)
+        @painter__.stroke(*toRGBA__(*args))
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Disables drawing stroke.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noStroke()
+        @painter__.stroke nil
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Sets stroke weight.
+      #
+      # @param weight [Numeric] width of stroke
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def strokeWeight(weight)
+        @painter__.stroke_width weight
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Sets stroke cap mode.
+      #
+      # @param cap [BUTT, ROUND, SQUARE]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def strokeCap(cap)
+        @painter__.stroke_cap cap
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Sets stroke join mode.
+      #
+      # @param join [MITER, ROUND, SQUARE]
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def strokeJoin(join)
+        @painter__.stroke_join join
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Sets fill color for drawing images.
+      #
+      # @overload tint(rgb)
+      # @overload tint(rgb, alpha)
+      # @overload tint(gray)
+      # @overload tint(gray, alpha)
+      # @overload tint(r, g, b)
+      # @overload tint(r, g, b, alpha)
+      #
+      # @param rgb   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
+      # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
+      # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
+      # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
+      # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
+      # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def tint(*args)
+        @tint__ = args
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Resets tint color.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noTint()
+        @tint__ = nil
+      end
+
+      # Limits the drawable rectangle.
+      #
+      # The parameters a, b, c, and d are determined by rectMode().
+      #
+      # @param a [Numeric] horizontal position of the drawable area, by default
+      # @param b [Numeric] vertical position of the drawable area, by default
+      # @param c [Numeric] width of the drawable area, by default
+      # @param d [Numeric] height of the drawable area, by default
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def clip(a, b, c, d)
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @imageMode__, a, b, c, d
+        @painter__.clip x, y, w, h
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Disables clipping.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noClip()
+        @painter__.no_clip
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Sets font.
+      #
+      # @overload textFont(font)
+      # @overload textFont(name)
+      # @overload textFont(font, size)
+      # @overload textFont(name, size)
+      #
+      # @param font [Font]    font
+      # @param name [String]  font name
+      # @param size [Numeric] font size (max 256)
+      #
+      # @return [Font] current font
+      #
+      def textFont(font = nil, size = nil)
+        setFont__ font, size if font || size
+        Font.new @painter__.font
+      end
+
+      # Sets text size.
+      #
+      # @param size [Numeric] font size (max 256)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def textSize(size)
+        setFont__ nil, size
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def textWidth(str)
+        @painter__.font.width str
+      end
+
+      def textAscent()
+        @painter__.font.ascent
+      end
+
+      def textDescent()
+        @painter__.font.descent
+      end
+
+      def textAlign(horizontal, vertical = BASELINE)
+        @textAlignH__ = horizontal
+        @textAlignV__ = vertical
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def setFont__(fontOrName, size)
+        name = case fontOrName
+          when Font then fontOrName.name
+          else fontOrName || @painter__.font.name
+          end
+        size ||= @painter__.font.size
+        size = 256 if size > 256
+        font = @fontCache__[[name, size]] ||= Rays::Font.new name, size
+        @painter__.font = font
+      end
+
+      # Sets shader.
+      #
+      # @param shader [Shader] a shader to apply
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def shader(shader)
+        @painter__.shader shader&.getInternal__
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Resets shader.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def resetShader()
+        @painter__.no_shader
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Applies an image filter to screen.
+      #
+      # overload filter(shader)
+      # overload filter(type)
+      # overload filter(type, param)
+      #
+      # @param shader [Shader]  a shader to apply
+      # @param type   [THRESHOLD, GRAY, INVERT, BLUR] filter type
+      # @param param  [Numeric] a parameter for each filter
+      #
+      def filter(*args)
+        @filter__ = Shader.createFilter__(*args)
+      end
+
+      # Clears screen.
+      #
+      # @overload background(str)
+      # @overload background(str, alpha)
+      # @overload background(gray)
+      # @overload background(gray, alpha)
+      # @overload background(r, g, b)
+      # @overload background(r, g, b, alpha)
+      #
+      # @param str   [String]  color code like '#00AAFF'
+      # @param gray  [Integer]  gray value (0..255)
+      # @param r     [Integer]   red value (0..255)
+      # @param g     [Integer] green value (0..255)
+      # @param b     [Integer]  blue value (0..255)
+      # @param alpha [Integer] alpha value (0..255)
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def background(*args)
+        assertDrawing__
+        rgba = toRGBA__(*args)
+        if rgba[3] == 1
+          @painter__.background(*rgba)
+        else
+          @painter__.push fill: rgba, stroke: :none do |_|
+            @painter__.rect 0, 0, width, height
+          end
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a point.
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal position
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical position
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def point(x, y)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.line x, y, x, y
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a line.
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def line(x1, y1, x2, y2)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a rectangle.
+      #
+      # The parameters a, b, c, and d are determined by rectMode().
+      #
+      # @overload rect(a, b, c, d)
+      # @overload rect(a, b, c, d, r)
+      # @overload rect(a, b, c, d, tl, tr, br, bl)
+      #
+      # @param a  [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape, by default
+      # @param b  [Numeric] vertical position of the shape, by default
+      # @param c  [Numeric] width of the shape, by default
+      # @param d  [Numeric] height of the shape, by default
+      # @param r  [Numeric] radius for all corners
+      # @param tl [Numeric] radius for top-left corner
+      # @param tr [Numeric] radius for top-right corner
+      # @param br [Numeric] radius for bottom-right corner
+      # @param bl [Numeric] radius for bottom-left corner
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def rect(a, b, c, d, *args)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @rectMode__, a, b, c, d
+        case args.size
+        when 0 then @painter__.rect x, y, w, h
+        when 1 then @painter__.rect x, y, w, h, round: args[0]
+        when 4 then @painter__.rect x, y, w, h, lt: args[0], rt: args[1], rb: args[2], lb: args[3]
+        else raise ArgumentError # ToDo: refine error message
+        end
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws an ellipse.
+      #
+      # The parameters a, b, c, and d are determined by ellipseMode().
+      #
+      # @param a [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape, by default
+      # @param b [Numeric] vertical position of the shape, by default
+      # @param c [Numeric] width of the shape, by default
+      # @param d [Numeric] height of the shape, by default
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def ellipse(a, b, c, d)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @ellipseMode__, a, b, c, d
+        @painter__.ellipse x, y, w, h
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a circle.
+      #
+      # @param x      [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
+      # @param y      [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
+      # @param extent [Numeric] width and height of the shape
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def circle(x, y, extent)
+        ellipse x, y, extent, extent
+      end
+
+      # Draws an arc.
+      #
+      # The parameters a, b, c, and d are determined by ellipseMode().
+      #
+      # @param a     [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape, by default
+      # @param b     [Numeric] vertical position of the shape, by default
+      # @param c     [Numeric] width of the shape, by default
+      # @param d     [Numeric] height of the shape, by default
+      # @param start [Numeric] angle to start the arc
+      # @param stop  [Numeric] angle to stop the arc
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def arc(a, b, c, d, start, stop)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @ellipseMode__, a, b, c, d
+        start      = toAngle__(-start)
+        stop       = toAngle__(-stop)
+        @painter__.ellipse x, y, w, h, from: start, to: stop
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a square.
+      #
+      # @param x      [Numeric] horizontal position of the shape
+      # @param y      [Numeric] vertical position of the shape
+      # @param extent [Numeric] width and height of the shape
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def square(x, y, extent)
+        rect x, y, extent, extent
+      end
+
+      # Draws a triangle.
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      # @param x3 [Numeric] horizontal position of third point
+      # @param y3 [Numeric] vertical position of third point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def triangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, loop: true
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a quad.
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      # @param x3 [Numeric] horizontal position of third point
+      # @param y3 [Numeric] vertical position of third point
+      # @param x4 [Numeric] horizontal position of fourth point
+      # @param y4 [Numeric] vertical position of fourth point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def quad(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.line x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4, loop: true
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a Catmull-Rom spline curve.
+      #
+      # @param cx1 [Numeric] horizontal position of beginning control point
+      # @param cy1 [Numeric] vertical position of beginning control point
+      # @param x1  [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1  [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param x2  [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2  [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      # @param cx2 [Numeric] horizontal position of ending control point
+      # @param cy2 [Numeric] vertical position of ending control point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def curve(cx1, cy1, x1, y1, x2, y2, cx2, cy2)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.curve cx1, cy1, x1, y1, x2, y2, cx2, cy2
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a Bezier spline curve.
+      #
+      # @param x1  [Numeric] horizontal position of first point
+      # @param y1  [Numeric] vertical position of first point
+      # @param cx1 [Numeric] horizontal position of first control point
+      # @param cy1 [Numeric] vertical position of first control point
+      # @param cx2 [Numeric] horizontal position of second control point
+      # @param cy2 [Numeric] vertical position of second control point
+      # @param x2  [Numeric] horizontal position of second point
+      # @param y2  [Numeric] vertical position of second point
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def bezier(x1, y1, cx1, cy1, cx2, cy2, x2, y2)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.bezier x1, y1, cx1, cy1, cx2, cy2, x2, y2
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws a text.
+      #
+      # The parameters a, b, c, and d are determined by rectMode().
+      #
+      # @overload text(str)
+      # @overload text(str, x, y)
+      # @overload text(str, a, b, c, d)
+      #
+      # @param str [String]  text to draw
+      # @param x   [Numeric] horizontal position of the text
+      # @param y   [Numeric] vertical position of the text
+      # @param a   [Numeric] horizontal position of the text, by default
+      # @param b   [Numeric] vertical position of the text, by default
+      # @param c   [Numeric] width of the text, by default
+      # @param d   [Numeric] height of the text, by default
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def text(str, x, y, x2 = nil, y2 = nil)
+        assertDrawing__
+        if x2
+          raise ArgumentError, "missing y2 parameter" unless y2
+          x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @rectMode__, x, y, x2, y2
+          case @textAlignH__
+          when RIGHT  then x +=  w - @painter__.font.width(str)
+          when CENTER then x += (w - @painter__.font.width(str)) / 2
+          end
+          case @textAlignV__
+          when BOTTOM then y +=  h - @painter__.font.height
+          when CENTER then y += (h - @painter__.font.height) / 2
+          else
+          end
+        else
+          y -= @painter__.font.ascent
+        end
+        @painter__.text str, x, y
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Draws an image.
+      #
+      # The parameters a, b, c, and d are determined by imageMode().
+      #
+      # @overload image(img, a, b)
+      # @overload image(img, a, b, c, d)
+      #
+      # @param img [Image] image to draw
+      # @param a   [Numeric] horizontal position of the image, by default
+      # @param b   [Numeric] vertical position of the image, by default
+      # @param c   [Numeric] width of the image, by default
+      # @param d   [Numeric] height of the image, by default
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def image(img, a, b, c = nil, d = nil)
+        assertDrawing__
+        x, y, w, h = toXYWH__ @imageMode__, a, b, c || img.width, d || img.height
+        tint       = @tint__ ? toRGBA__(*@tint__) : 1
+        img.drawImage__ @painter__, x, y, w, h, fill: tint, stroke: :none
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Copies image.
+      #
+      # @overload copy(sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      # @overload copy(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+      #
+      # @param img [Image]   image for copy source
+      # @param sx  [Numrtic] x position of source region
+      # @param sy  [Numrtic] y position of source region
+      # @param sw  [Numrtic] width of source region
+      # @param sh  [Numrtic] height of source region
+      # @param dx  [Numrtic] x position of destination region
+      # @param dy  [Numrtic] y position of destination region
+      # @param dw  [Numrtic] width of destination region
+      # @param dh  [Numrtic] height of destination region
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def copy(img = nil, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh)
+        blend img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, BLEND
+      end
+
+      # Blends image.
+      #
+      # @overload blend(sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, mode)
+      # @overload blend(img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, mode)
+      #
+      # @param img  [Image]   image for blend source
+      # @param sx   [Numrtic] x position of source region
+      # @param sy   [Numrtic] y position of source region
+      # @param sw   [Numrtic] width of source region
+      # @param sh   [Numrtic] height of source region
+      # @param dx   [Numrtic] x position of destination region
+      # @param dy   [Numrtic] y position of destination region
+      # @param dw   [Numrtic] width of destination region
+      # @param dh   [Numrtic] height of destination region
+      # @param mode [BLEND, ADD, SUBTRACT, LIGHTEST, DARKEST, EXCLUSION, MULTIPLY, SCREEN, REPLACE] blend mode
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def blend(img = nil, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, mode)
+        assertDrawing__
+        img ||= self
+        img.drawImage__ @painter__, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh, blend_mode: mode
+      end
+
+      # Saves screen image to file.
+      #
+      # @param filename [String] file name to save image
+      #
+      def save(filename)
+        @window__.canvas_image.save filename
+      end
+
+      # Applies translation matrix to current transformation matrix.
+      #
+      # @overload translate(x, y)
+      # @overload translate(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] left/right translation
+      # @param y [Numeric] up/down translation
+      # @param y [Numeric] forward/backward translation
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def translate(x, y, z = 0)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.translate x, y, z
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Applies scale matrix to current transformation matrix.
+      #
+      # @overload scale(s)
+      # @overload scale(x, y)
+      #
+      # @param s [Numeric] horizontal and vertical scale
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal scale
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical scale
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def scale(x, y)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.scale x, y
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Applies rotation matrix to current transformation matrix.
+      #
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle for rotation
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def rotate(angle)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.rotate toAngle__ angle
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Pushes the current transformation matrix to stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def pushMatrix(&block)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @matrixStack__.push @painter__.matrix
+        block.call if block
+        nil
+      ensure
+        popMatrix if block
+      end
+
+      # Pops the current transformation matrix from stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def popMatrix()
+        assertDrawing__
+        raise "matrix stack underflow" if @matrixStack__.empty?
+        @painter__.matrix = @matrixStack__.pop
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Reset current transformation matrix with identity matrix.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def resetMatrix()
+        assertDrawing__
+        @painter__.matrix = 1
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Save current style values to the style stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def pushStyle(&block)
+        assertDrawing__
+        @styleStack__.push [
+          @painter__.fill,
+          @painter__.stroke,
+          @painter__.stroke_width,
+          @painter__.stroke_cap,
+          @painter__.stroke_join,
+          @painter__.clip,
+          @painter__.blend_mode,
+          @painter__.font,
+          @painter__.shader,
+          @hsbColor__,
+          @colorMaxes__,
+          @angleScale__,
+          @rectMode__,
+          @ellipseMode__,
+          @imageMode__,
+          @textAlignH__,
+          @textAlignV__,
+          @tint__,
+          @filter__,
+        ]
+        block.call if block
+        nil
+      ensure
+        popStyle if block
+      end
+
+      # Restore style values from the style stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def popStyle()
+        assertDrawing__
+        raise "style stack underflow" if @styleStack__.empty?
+        @painter__.fill,
+        @painter__.stroke,
+        @painter__.stroke_width,
+        @painter__.stroke_cap,
+        @painter__.stroke_join,
+        @painter__.clip,
+        @painter__.blend_mode,
+        @painter__.font,
+        @painter__.shader,
+        @hsbColor__,
+        @colorMaxes__,
+        @angleScale__,
+        @rectMode__,
+        @ellipseMode__,
+        @imageMode__,
+        @textAlignH__,
+        @textAlignV__,
+        @tint__,
+        @filter__ = @styleStack__.pop
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Save current styles and transformations to stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def push(&block)
+        pushMatrix
+        pushStyle
+        block.call if block
+      ensure
+        pop if block
+      end
+
+      # Restore styles and transformations from stack.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def pop()
+        popMatrix
+        popStyle
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def getInternal__()
+        @image__
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def drawImage__(painter, *args, **states)
+        shader = painter.shader || @filter__&.getInternal__
+        painter.push shader: shader, **states do |_|
+          painter.image getInternal__, *args
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def assertDrawing__()
+        raise "call beginDraw() before drawing" unless @drawing__
+      end
+
+      #
+      # Utilities
+      #
+
+      # Returns the absolute number of the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] absolute number
+      #
+      def abs(value)
+        value.abs
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number greater than or equal to the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded up number
+      #
+      def ceil(value)
+        value.ceil
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number less than or equal to the value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded down number
+      #
+      def floor(value)
+        value.floor
+      end
+
+      # Returns the closest integer number.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] rounded number
+      #
+      def round(value)
+        value.round
+      end
+
+      # Returns the natural logarithm (the base-e logarithm) of a number.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number (> 0.0)
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result number
+      #
+      def log(n)
+        Math.log n
+      end
+
+      # Returns Euler's number e raised to the power of value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] result number
+      #
+      def exp(n)
+        Math.exp n
+      end
+
+      # Returns value raised to the power of exponent.
+      #
+      # @param value    [Numeric] base number
+      # @param exponent [Numeric] exponent number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] value ** exponent
+      #
+      def pow(value, exponent)
+        value ** exponent
+      end
+
+      # Returns squared value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] squared value
+      #
+      def sq(value)
+        value * value
+      end
+
+      # Returns squared value.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] squared value
+      #
+      def sqrt(value)
+        Math.sqrt value
+      end
+
+      # Returns the magnitude (or length) of a vector.
+      #
+      # @overload mag(x, y)
+      # @overload mag(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of point
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of point
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of point
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] magnitude
+      #
+      def mag(*args)
+        x, y, z = *args
+        case args.size
+        when 2 then Math.sqrt x * x + y * y
+        when 3 then Math.sqrt x * x + y * y + z * z
+        else raise ArgumentError
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns distance between 2 points.
+      #
+      # @overload dist(x1, y1, x2, y2)
+      # @overload dist(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2)
+      #
+      # @param x1 [Numeric] x of first point
+      # @param y1 [Numeric] y of first point
+      # @param z1 [Numeric] z of first point
+      # @param x2 [Numeric] x of second point
+      # @param y2 [Numeric] y of second point
+      # @param z2 [Numeric] z of second point
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] distance between 2 points
+      #
+      def dist(*args)
+        case args.size
+        when 4
+          x1, y1, x2, y2 = *args
+          xx, yy = x2 - x1, y2 - y1
+          Math.sqrt xx * xx + yy * yy
+        when 3
+          x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2 = *args
+          xx, yy, zz = x2 - x1, y2 - y1, z2 - z1
+          Math.sqrt xx * xx + yy * yy + zz * zz
+        else raise ArgumentError
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Normalize the value from range start..stop into 0..1.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number to be normalized
+      # @param start [Numeric] lower bound of the range
+      # @param stop  [Numeric] upper bound of the range
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] normalized value between 0..1
+      #
+      def norm(value, start, stop)
+        (value.to_f - start.to_f) / (stop.to_f - start.to_f)
+      end
+
+      # Returns the interpolated number between range start..stop.
+      #
+      # @param start  [Numeric] lower bound of the range
+      # @param stop   [Numeric] upper bound of the range
+      # @param amount [Numeric] amount to interpolate
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] interporated number
+      #
+      def lerp(start, stop, amount)
+        start + (stop - start) * amount
+      end
+
+      # Maps a number from range start1..stop1 to range start2..stop2.
+      #
+      # @param value  [Numeric] number to be mapped
+      # @param start1 [Numeric] lower bound of the range1
+      # @param stop1  [Numeric] upper bound of the range1
+      # @param start2 [Numeric] lower bound of the range2
+      # @param stop2  [Numeric] upper bound of the range2
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] mapped number
+      #
+      def map(value, start1, stop1, start2, stop2)
+        lerp start2, stop2, norm(value, start1, stop1)
+      end
+
+      # Returns minimum value.
+      #
+      # @overload min(a, b)
+      # @overload min(a, b, c)
+      # @overload min(array)
+      #
+      # @param a     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param b     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param c     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param array [Numeric] values to compare
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] minimum value
+      #
+      def min(*args)
+        args.flatten.min
+      end
+
+      # Returns maximum value.
+      #
+      # @overload max(a, b)
+      # @overload max(a, b, c)
+      # @overload max(array)
+      #
+      # @param a     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param b     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param c     [Numeric] value to compare
+      # @param array [Numeric] values to compare
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] maximum value
+      #
+      def max(*args)
+        args.flatten.max
+      end
+
+      # Constrains the number between min..max.
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] number to be constrained
+      # @param min   [Numeric] lower bound of the range
+      # @param max   [Numeric] upper bound of the range
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] constrained number
+      #
+      def constrain(value, min, max)
+        value < min ? min : (value > max ? max : value)
+      end
+
+      # Converts degree to radian.
+      #
+      # @param degree [Numeric] degree to convert
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] radian
+      #
+      def radians(degree)
+        degree * DEG2RAD__
+      end
+
+      # Converts radian to degree.
+      #
+      # @param radian [Numeric] radian to convert
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] degree
+      #
+      def degrees(radian)
+        radian * RAD2DEG__
+      end
+
+      # Returns the sine of an angle.
+      #
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle in radians
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the sine
+      #
+      def sin(angle)
+        Math.sin angle
+      end
+
+      # Returns the cosine of an angle.
+      #
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle in radians
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the cosine
+      #
+      def cos(angle)
+        Math.cos angle
+      end
+
+      # Returns the ratio of the sine and cosine of an angle.
+      #
+      # @param angle [Numeric] angle in radians
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the tangent
+      #
+      def tan(angle)
+        Math.tan angle
+      end
+
+      # Returns the inverse of sin().
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] value for calculation
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the arc sine
+      #
+      def asin(value)
+        Math.asin value
+      end
+
+      # Returns the inverse of cos().
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] value for calculation
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the arc cosine
+      #
+      def acos(value)
+        Math.acos value
+      end
+
+      # Returns the inverse of tan().
+      #
+      # @param value [Numeric] value for valculation
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the arc tangent
+      #
+      def atan(value)
+        Math.atan value
+      end
+
+      # Returns the angle from a specified point.
+      #
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of the point
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of the point
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] the angle in radians
+      #
+      def atan2(y, x)
+        Math.atan2 y, x
+      end
+
+      # Returns the perlin noise value.
+      #
+      # @overload noise(x)
+      # @overload noise(x, y)
+      # @overload noise(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] horizontal point in noise space
+      # @param y [Numeric] vertical point in noise space
+      # @param z [Numeric] depth point in noise space
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] noise value (0.0..1.0)
+      #
+      def noise(x, y = 0, z = 0)
+        Rays.perlin(x, y, z) / 2.0 + 0.5
+      end
+
+      # Returns a random number in range low...high
+      #
+      # @overload random()
+      # @overload random(high)
+      # @overload random(low, high)
+      # @overload random(choices)
+      #
+      # @param low     [Numeric] lower limit
+      # @param high    [Numeric] upper limit
+      # @param choices [Array]   array to choose from
+      #
+      # @return [Float] random number
+      #
+      def random(*args)
+        return args.first.sample if args.first.kind_of? Array
+        high, low = args.reverse
+        rand (low || 0).to_f...(high || 1).to_f
+      end
+
+      # Creates a new vector.
+      #
+      # @overload createVector()
+      # @overload createVector(x, y)
+      # @overload createVector(x, y, z)
+      #
+      # @param x [Numeric] x of new vector
+      # @param y [Numeric] y of new vector
+      # @param z [Numeric] z of new vector
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] new vector
+      #
+      def createVector(*args)
+        Vector.new(*args, context: self)
+      end
+
+      # Creates a new image.
+      #
+      # @overload createImage(w, h)
+      # @overload createImage(w, h, format)
+      #
+      # @param w      [Numeric]   width of new image
+      # @param h      [Numeric]   height of new image
+      # @param format [RGB, RGBA] image format
+      #
+      # @return [Image] new image
+      #
+      def createImage(w, h, format = RGBA)
+        colorspace = {RGB => Rays::RGB, RGBA => Rays::RGBA}[format]
+        raise ArgumentError, "Unknown image format" unless colorspace
+        Image.new Rays::Image.new(w, h, colorspace).paint {background 0, 0}
+      end
+
+      # Creates a new off-screen graphics context object.
+      #
+      # @param width  [Numeric] width of graphics image
+      # @param height [Numeric] height of graphics image
+      #
+      # @return [Graphics] graphics object
+      #
+      def createGraphics(width, height)
+        Graphics.new width, height
+      end
+
+      # Creates a shader object.
+      #
+      # Passing nil for a vertex shader parameter causes the following default vertex shader to be used.
+      # ```
+      # attribute vec3 position;
+      # attribute vec3 texCoord;
+      # attribute vec4 color;
+      # varying vec4 vertPosition;
+      # varying vec4 vertTexCoord;
+      # varying vec4 vertColor;
+      # uniform mat4 transform;
+      # uniform mat4 texMatrix;
+      # void main ()
+      # {
+      #   vec4 pos__   = vec4(position, 1.0);
+      #   vertPosition = pos__;
+      #   vertTexCoord = texMatrix * vec4(texCoord, 1.0);
+      #   vertColor    = color;
+      #   gl_Position  = transform * pos__;
+      # }
+      # ```
+      #
+      # @overload createShader(vertPath, fragPath)
+      # @overload createShader(vertSource, fragSource)
+      #
+      # @param vertPath   [String] vertex shader file path
+      # @param fragPath   [String] fragment shader file path
+      # @param vertSource [String] vertex shader source
+      # @param fragSource [String] fragment shader source
+      #
+      # @return [Shader] shader object
+      #
+      def createShader(vert, frag)
+        vert = File.read if vert && File.exist?(vert)
+        frag = File.read if frag && File.exist?(frag)
+        Shader.new vert, frag
+      end
+
+      # Creates a camera object as a video input device.
+      #
+      # @return [Capture] camera object
+      #
+      def createCapture(*args)
+        Capture.new(*args)
+      end
+
+      # Loads image.
+      #
+      # @param filename  [String] file name to load image
+      # @param extension [String] type of image to load (ex. 'png')
+      #
+      # @return [Image] loaded image object
+      #
+      def loadImage(filename, extension = nil)
+        filename = getImage__ filename, extension if filename =~ %r|^https?://|
+        Image.new Rays::Image.load filename
+      end
+
+      # Loads shader file.
+      #
+      # @overload loadShader(fragPath)
+      # @overload loadShader(fragPath, vertPath)
+      #
+      # @param fragPath [String] fragment shader file path
+      # @param vertPath [String] vertex shader file path
+      #
+      # @return [Shader] loaded shader object
+      #
+      def loadShader(fragPath, vertPath = nil)
+        createShader vertPath, fragPath
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def getImage__(uri, ext)
+        ext ||= File.extname uri
+        raise "unsupported image type -- #{ext}" unless ext =~ /^\.?(png|jpg|gif)$/i
+
+        tmpdir = tmpdir__
+        path   = tmpdir + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(uri)
+        path   = path.sub_ext ext
+
+        unless path.file?
+          URI.open uri do |input|
+            input.set_encoding nil# disable default_internal
+            tmpdir.mkdir unless tmpdir.directory?
+            path.open('w') do |output|
+              output.set_encoding Encoding::ASCII_8BIT
+              while buf = input.read(2 ** 16)
+                output.write buf
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        path.to_s
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      private def tmpdir__()
+        Pathname(Dir.tmpdir) + Digest::SHA1.hexdigest(self.class.name)
+      end
+
+    end# GraphicsContext
+
+
+    # Draws graphics into an offscreen buffer
+    #
+    class Graphics
+
+      include GraphicsContext
+
+      # Initialize graphics object.
+      #
+      def initialize(width, height)
+        image = Rays::Image.new width, height
+        init__ image, image.painter
+      end
+
+      # Start drawing.
+      #
+      def beginDraw(&block)
+        beginDraw__
+        @painter__.__send__ :begin_paint
+        push
+        if block
+          block.call
+          endDraw
+        end
+      end
+
+      # End drawing.
+      #
+      def endDraw()
+        pop
+        @painter__.__send__ :end_paint
+        endDraw__
+      end
+
+    end# Graphics
+
+
+    # Processing context
+    #
+    class Context
+
+      include GraphicsContext
+
+      Vector   = Processing::Vector
+      Capture  = Processing::Capture
+      Graphics = Processing::Graphics
+      Shader   = Processing::Shader
+
+      # @private
+      @@context__ = nil
+
+      # @private
+      def self.context__()
+        @@context__
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def initialize(window)
+        @@context__ = self
+
+        tmpdir__.tap {|dir| FileUtils.rm_r dir.to_s if dir.directory?}
+
+        @window__ = window
+        init__(
+          @window__.canvas_image,
+          @window__.canvas_painter.paint {background 0.8})
+
+        @loop__            = true
+        @redraw__          = false
+        @frameCount__      = 0
+        @key__             = nil
+        @keyCode__         = nil
+        @keysPressed__     = Set.new
+        @pointerPos__      =
+        @pointerPrevPos__  = Rays::Point.new 0
+        @pointersPressed__ = []
+        @touches__         = []
+        @motionGravity__   = createVector 0, 0
+
+        @window__.before_draw   = proc {beginDraw__}
+        @window__.after_draw    = proc {endDraw__}
+        @window__.update_canvas = proc {|i, p| updateCanvas__ i, p}
+
+        @window__.instance_variable_set :@context, self
+        def @window__.draw_screen(painter)
+          @context.drawImage__ painter
+        end
+
+        drawFrame = -> {
+          begin
+            push
+            @drawBlock__.call if @drawBlock__
+          ensure
+            pop
+            @frameCount__ += 1
+          end
+        }
+
+        @window__.draw = proc do |e|
+          if @loop__ || @redraw__
+            @redraw__ = false
+            drawFrame.call
+          end
+        end
+
+        updateKeyStates = -> event, pressed {
+          @key__     = event.chars
+          @keyCode__ = event.key
+          if pressed != nil
+            set, key = @keysPressed__, event.key
+            pressed ? set.add(key) : set.delete(key)
+          end
+        }
+
+        mouseButtonMap = {
+          mouse_left:   LEFT,
+          mouse_right:  RIGHT,
+          mouse_middle: CENTER
+        }
+
+        updatePointerStates = -> event, pressed = nil {
+          @pointerPrevPos__ = @pointerPos__
+          @pointerPos__ = event.pos.dup
+          @touches__    = event.pointers.map {|p| Touch.new(p.id, *p.pos.to_a)}
+          if pressed != nil
+            array = @pointersPressed__
+            event.types
+              .tap {|types| types.delete :mouse}
+              .map {|type| mouseButtonMap[type] || type}
+              .each {|type| pressed ? array.push(type) : array.delete(type)}
+          end
+        }
+
+        @window__.key_down = proc do |e|
+          updateKeyStates.call e, true
+          @keyPressedBlock__&.call
+          @keyTypedBlock__&.call if @key__ && !@key__.empty?
+        end
+
+        @window__.key_up = proc do |e|
+          updateKeyStates.call e, false
+          @keyReleasedBlock__&.call
+        end
+
+        @window__.pointer_down = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e, true
+          @pointerDownStartPos__ = @pointerPos__.dup
+          (@touchStartedBlock__ || @mousePressedBlock__)&.call
+        end
+
+        @window__.pointer_up = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e, false
+          (@touchEndedBlock__ || @mouseReleasedBlock__)&.call
+          if startPos = @pointerDownStartPos__
+            @mouseClickedBlock__&.call if (@pointerPos__ - startPos).length < 3
+            @pointerDownStartPos__ = nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        @window__.pointer_move = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e
+          (@touchMovedBlock__ || @mouseMovedBlock__)&.call
+        end
+
+        @window__.pointer_drag = proc do |e|
+          updatePointerStates.call e
+          (@touchMovedBlock__ || @mouseDraggedBlock__)&.call
+        end
+
+        @window__.motion = proc do |e|
+          @motionGravity__ = createVector(*e.gravity.to_a(3))
+          @motionBlock__&.call
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Defines setup block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def setup(&block)
+        @window__.setup = block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines draw block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def draw(&block)
+        @drawBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines keyPressed block.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] is any key pressed or not
+      #
+      def keyPressed(&block)
+        @keyPressedBlock__ = block if block
+        not @keysPressed__.empty?
+      end
+
+      # Defines keyReleased block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def keyReleased(&block)
+        @keyReleasedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines keyTyped block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def keyTyped(&block)
+        @keyTypedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines mousePressed block.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean] is any mouse button pressed or not
+      #
+      def mousePressed(&block)
+        @mousePressedBlock__ = block if block
+        not @pointersPressed__.empty?
+      end
+
+      # Defines mouseReleased block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def mouseReleased(&block)
+        @mouseReleasedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines mouseMoved block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def mouseMoved(&block)
+        @mouseMovedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines mouseDragged block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def mouseDragged(&block)
+        @mouseDraggedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines mouseClicked block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def mouseClicked(&block)
+        @mouseClickedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines touchStarted block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def touchStarted(&block)
+        @touchStartedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines touchEnded block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def touchEnded(&block)
+        @touchEndedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines touchMoved block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def touchMoved(&block)
+        @touchMovedBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Defines motion block.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def motion(&block)
+        @motionBlock__ = block if block
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Changes canvas size.
+      #
+      # @param width        [Integer] new width
+      # @param height       [Integer] new height
+      # @param pixelDensity [Numeric] new pixel density
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def size(width, height, pixelDensity: self.pixelDensity)
+        resizeCanvas__ :size, width, height, pixelDensity
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Changes canvas size.
+      #
+      # @param width        [Integer] new width
+      # @param height       [Integer] new height
+      # @param pixelDensity [Numeric] new pixel density
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def createCanvas(width, height, pixelDensity: self.pixelDensity)
+        resizeCanvas__ :createCanvas, width, height, pixelDensity
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Changes title of window.
+      #
+      # @param title [String] new title
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def setTitle(title)
+        @window__.title = title
+        nil
+      end
+
+      # Changes and returns canvas pixel density.
+      #
+      # @param density [Numeric] new pixel density
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] current pixel density
+      #
+      def pixelDensity(density = nil)
+        resizeCanvas__ :pixelDensity, width, height, density if density
+        @painter__.pixel_density
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      def resizeCanvas__(name, width, height, pixelDensity)
+        raise '#{name}() must be called on startup or setup block' if @started__
+
+        @painter__.__send__ :end_paint
+        @window__.resize_canvas width, height, pixelDensity
+        @window__.auto_resize = false
+      ensure
+        @painter__.__send__ :begin_paint
+      end
+
+      # Returns pixel density of display.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] pixel density
+      #
+      def displayDensity()
+        @window__.painter.pixel_density
+      end
+
+      # Returns window width.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] window width
+      #
+      def windowWidth()
+        @window__.width
+      end
+
+      # Returns window height.
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] window height
+      #
+      def windowHeight()
+        @window__.height
+      end
+
+      # Returns number of frames since program started.
+      #
+      # @return [Integer] total number of frames
+      #
+      def frameCount()
+        @frameCount__
+      end
+
+      # Returns number of frames per second.
+      #
+      # @return [Float] frames per second
+      #
+      def frameRate()
+        @window__.event.fps
+      end
+
+      # Returns the last key that was pressed or released.
+      #
+      # @return [String] last key
+      #
+      def key()
+        @key__
+      end
+
+      # Returns the last key code that was pressed or released.
+      #
+      # @return [Symbol] last key code
+      #
+      def keyCode()
+        @keyCode__
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse x position
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
+      #
+      def mouseX()
+        @pointerPos__.x
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse y position
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
+      #
+      def mouseY()
+        @pointerPos__.y
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse x position in previous frame
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] horizontal position of mouse
+      #
+      def pmouseX()
+        @pointerPrevPos__.x
+      end
+
+      # Returns mouse y position in previous frame
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] vertical position of mouse
+      #
+      def pmouseY()
+        @pointerPrevPos__.y
+      end
+
+      # Returns which mouse button was pressed
+      #
+      # @return [Numeric] LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER or 0
+      #
+      def mouseButton()
+        (@pointersPressed__ & [LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER]).last || 0
+      end
+
+      # Returns array of touches
+      #
+      # @return [Array] Touch objects
+      #
+      def touches()
+        @touches__
+      end
+
+      # Returns vector for real world gravity
+      #
+      # @return [Vector] gravity vector
+      #
+      def motionGravity()
+        @motionGravity__
+      end
+
+      # Enables calling draw block on every frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def loop()
+        @loop__ = true
+      end
+
+      # Disables calling draw block on every frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def noLoop()
+        @loop__ = false
+      end
+
+      # Calls draw block to redraw frame.
+      #
+      # @return [nil] nil
+      #
+      def redraw()
+        @redraw__ = true
+      end
+
+    end# Context
+
+
+  end# Processing
+
+
+end# Processing