prism 2.0.0-arm-linux-musl

data/lib/prism/parse_result.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1236 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+# :markup: markdown
+#--
+# rbs_inline: enabled
+
+module Prism
+  # @rbs!
+  #    # An internal interface for a cache that can be used to compute code
+  #    # units from byte offsets.
+  #    interface _CodeUnitsCache
+  #      def []: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+  #    end
+
+  # This represents a source of Ruby code that has been parsed. It is used in
+  # conjunction with locations to allow them to resolve line numbers and source
+  # ranges.
+  class Source
+    # Create a new source object with the given source code. This method should
+    # be used instead of `new` and it will return either a `Source` or a
+    # specialized and more performant `ASCIISource` if no multibyte characters
+    # are present in the source code.
+    #
+    # Note that if you are calling this method manually, you will need to supply
+    # the start_line and offsets parameters. start_line is the line number that
+    # the source starts on, which is typically 1 but can be different if this
+    # source is a subset of a larger source or if this is an eval. offsets is an
+    # array of byte offsets for the start of each line in the source code, which
+    # can be calculated by iterating through the source code and recording the
+    # byte offset whenever a newline character is encountered.  The first
+    # element is always 0 to mark the first line.
+    #
+    # The comments, comment_attachments, and comment_ranges parameters are the
+    # lists described by the attributes of the same names. They are passed in
+    # empty when the source is created by the parser and filled in afterward,
+    # because the comments themselves refer to the source.
+    #
+    # The checksum parameter is the value described by the attribute of the same
+    # name. It is nil when the source is not created by the parser.
+    #
+    #: (String source, Integer start_line, Array[Integer] offsets, ?Array[Comment] comments, ?Array[Comment] comment_attachments, ?Array[Integer?] comment_ranges, ?Integer? checksum) -> Source
+    def self.for(source, start_line, offsets, comments = [], comment_attachments = [], comment_ranges = [], checksum = nil)
+      if source.ascii_only?
+        ASCIISource.new(source, start_line, offsets, comments, comment_attachments, comment_ranges, checksum)
+      elsif source.encoding == Encoding::BINARY
+        source.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+
+        if source.valid_encoding?
+          new(source, start_line, offsets, comments, comment_attachments, comment_ranges, checksum)
+        else
+          # This is an extremely niche use case where the file is marked as
+          # binary, contains multi-byte characters, and those characters are not
+          # valid UTF-8. In this case we'll mark it as binary and fall back to
+          # treating everything as a single-byte character. This _may_ cause
+          # problems when asking for code units, but it appears to be the
+          # cleanest solution at the moment.
+          source.force_encoding(Encoding::BINARY)
+          ASCIISource.new(source, start_line, offsets, comments, comment_attachments, comment_ranges, checksum)
+        end
+      else
+        new(source, start_line, offsets, comments, comment_attachments, comment_ranges, checksum)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # The source code that this source object represents.
+    attr_reader :source #: String
+
+    # The line number where this source starts.
+    attr_reader :start_line #: Integer
+
+    # The checksum of the source code which can be used to quickly determine if
+    # the source has changed.
+    attr_reader :checksum #: Integer?
+
+    # The list of comments that were encountered during parsing. When the source
+    # is parsed with the attach_comments option, these are sorted by start
+    # offset.
+    attr_reader :comments #: Array[Comment]
+
+    # The comments attached to nodes, grouped by node in order of node id. This
+    # is empty unless the source was parsed with the attach_comments option.
+    attr_reader :comment_attachments #: Array[Comment]
+
+    # Indices into comment_attachments, indexed by node id. For each node that
+    # owns comments, the index at which its comments begin is stored at its node
+    # id and the index at which they end is stored at the following node id. The
+    # other entries are nil. This is empty unless the source was parsed with the
+    # attach_comments option.
+    attr_reader :comment_ranges #: Array[Integer?]
+
+    # The list of newline byte offsets in the source code. When initialized from
+    # the C extension, this may be a packed binary string of uint32_t values
+    # that is lazily unpacked on first access.
+    #
+    #: () -> Array[Integer]
+    def offsets
+      offsets = @offsets
+      return offsets if offsets.is_a?(Array)
+      @offsets = offsets.unpack("L*")
+    end
+
+    # Create a new source object with the given source code. The offsets
+    # parameter can be either an Array of Integer byte offsets or a packed
+    # binary string of uint32_t values (from the C extension).
+    #
+    #: (String source, Integer start_line, Array[Integer] | String offsets, ?Array[Comment] comments, ?Array[Comment] comment_attachments, ?Array[Integer?] comment_ranges, ?Integer? checksum) -> void
+    def initialize(source, start_line, offsets, comments = [], comment_attachments = [], comment_ranges = [], checksum = nil)
+      @source = source
+      @start_line = start_line
+      @checksum = checksum
+      @offsets = offsets
+      @comments = comments
+      @comment_attachments = comment_attachments
+      @comment_ranges = comment_ranges
+    end
+
+    # Replace the value of start_line with the given value.
+    #
+    #: (Integer start_line) -> void
+    def replace_start_line(start_line)
+      @start_line = start_line
+    end
+
+    # Replace the value of checksum with the given value.
+    #
+    #: (Integer checksum) -> void
+    def replace_checksum(checksum)
+      @checksum = checksum
+    end
+
+    # Replace the value of offsets with the given value.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Integer] offsets) -> void
+    def replace_offsets(offsets)
+      @offsets = offsets
+    end
+
+    # The comments attached to the node with the given id, ordered by start
+    # offset. Comments are only attached when the source is parsed with the
+    # attach_comments option.
+    #
+    #: (Integer node_id) -> Array[Comment]
+    def comments_for(node_id)
+      start = comment_ranges[node_id]
+      finish = comment_ranges[node_id + 1]
+      return [] if start.nil? || finish.nil?
+
+      comment_attachments[start...finish] || []
+    end
+
+    # Returns the encoding of the source code, which is set by parameters to the
+    # parser or by the encoding magic comment.
+    #
+    #: () -> Encoding
+    def encoding
+      source.encoding
+    end
+
+    # Returns the lines of the source code as an array of strings.
+    #
+    #: () -> Array[String]
+    def lines
+      source.lines
+    end
+
+    # Perform a byteslice on the source code using the given byte offset and
+    # byte length.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer length) -> String
+    def slice(byte_offset, length)
+      source.byteslice(byte_offset, length) or raise
+    end
+
+    # Converts the line number and column in bytes to a byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer line, Integer column) -> Integer
+    def byte_offset(line, column)
+      normal = line - @start_line
+      raise IndexError if normal < 0
+      offsets.fetch(normal) + column
+    rescue IndexError
+      raise ArgumentError, "line #{line} is out of range"
+    end
+
+    # Binary search through the offsets to find the line number for the given
+    # byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def line(byte_offset)
+      start_line + find_line(byte_offset)
+    end
+
+    # Return the byte offset of the start of the line corresponding to the given
+    # byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def line_start(byte_offset)
+      offsets[find_line(byte_offset)]
+    end
+
+    # Returns the byte offset of the end of the line corresponding to the given
+    # byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def line_end(byte_offset)
+      offsets[find_line(byte_offset) + 1] || source.bytesize
+    end
+
+    # Return the column in bytes for the given byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def column(byte_offset)
+      byte_offset - line_start(byte_offset)
+    end
+
+    # Return the character offset for the given byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def character_offset(byte_offset)
+      (source.byteslice(0, byte_offset) or raise).length
+    end
+
+    # Return the column in characters for the given byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def character_column(byte_offset)
+      character_offset(byte_offset) - character_offset(line_start(byte_offset))
+    end
+
+    # Returns the offset from the start of the file for the given byte offset
+    # counting in code units for the given encoding.
+    #
+    # This method is tested with UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32. If there is the
+    # concept of code units that differs from the number of characters in other
+    # encodings, it is not captured here.
+    #
+    # We purposefully replace invalid and undefined characters with replacement
+    # characters in this conversion. This happens for two reasons. First, it's
+    # possible that the given byte offset will not occur on a character
+    # boundary. Second, it's possible that the source code will contain a
+    # character that has no equivalent in the given encoding.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def code_units_offset(byte_offset, encoding)
+      return byte_offset if encoding == Encoding::UTF_8
+
+      byteslice = (source.byteslice(0, byte_offset) or raise).encode(encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace)
+
+      if encoding == Encoding::UTF_16LE || encoding == Encoding::UTF_16BE
+        byteslice.bytesize / 2
+      else
+        byteslice.length
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Generate a cache that targets a specific encoding for calculating code
+    # unit offsets.
+    #
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> CodeUnitsCache
+    def code_units_cache(encoding)
+      CodeUnitsCache.new(source, encoding)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the column in code units for the given encoding for the
+    # given byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def code_units_column(byte_offset, encoding)
+      code_units_offset(byte_offset, encoding) - code_units_offset(line_start(byte_offset), encoding)
+    end
+
+    # Freeze this object and the objects it contains.
+    #
+    #: () -> void
+    def deep_freeze
+      source.freeze
+      offsets.freeze
+      comments.freeze
+      comment_attachments.freeze
+      comment_ranges.freeze
+      freeze
+    end
+
+    # Binary search through the offsets to find the index for the given
+    # byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def find_line(byte_offset) # :nodoc:
+      index = offsets.bsearch_index { |offset| offset > byte_offset } || offsets.length
+      index - 1
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A cache that can be used to quickly compute code unit offsets from byte
+  # offsets. It purposefully provides only a single #[] method to access the
+  # cache in order to minimize surface area.
+  #
+  # Note that there are some known issues here that may or may not be addressed
+  # in the future:
+  #
+  # * The first is that there are issues when the cache computes values that are
+  #   not on character boundaries. This can result in subsequent computations
+  #   being off by one or more code units.
+  # * The second is that this cache is currently unbounded. In theory we could
+  #   introduce some kind of LRU cache to limit the number of entries, but this
+  #   has not yet been implemented.
+  #
+  class CodeUnitsCache
+    # Counter used for UTF-8, where one code unit equals one byte.
+    class UTF8Counter # :nodoc:
+      #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer byte_length) -> Integer
+      def count(byte_offset, byte_length)
+        byte_length
+      end
+    end
+
+    class UTF16Counter # :nodoc:
+      # @rbs @source: String
+      # @rbs @encoding: Encoding
+
+      #: (String source, Encoding encoding) -> void
+      def initialize(source, encoding)
+        @source = source
+        @encoding = encoding
+      end
+
+      #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer byte_length) -> Integer
+      def count(byte_offset, byte_length)
+        (@source.byteslice(byte_offset, byte_length) or raise).encode(@encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace).bytesize / 2
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Counter used for UTF-32, where one code unit equals one code point and
+    # matches String#length. Also used as a best-effort fallback for any other
+    # encoding that does not have a dedicated counter.
+    class UTF32Counter # :nodoc:
+      # @rbs @source: String
+      # @rbs @encoding: Encoding
+
+      #: (String source, Encoding encoding) -> void
+      def initialize(source, encoding)
+        @source = source
+        @encoding = encoding
+      end
+
+      #: (Integer byte_offset, Integer byte_length) -> Integer
+      def count(byte_offset, byte_length)
+        (@source.byteslice(byte_offset, byte_length) or raise).encode(@encoding, invalid: :replace, undef: :replace).length
+      end
+    end
+
+    private_constant :UTF8Counter, :UTF16Counter, :UTF32Counter
+
+    # @rbs @source: String
+    # @rbs @counter: UTF8Counter | UTF16Counter | UTF32Counter
+    # @rbs @cache: Hash[Integer, Integer]
+    # @rbs @offsets: Array[Integer]
+
+    # Initialize a new cache with the given source and encoding.
+    #
+    #: (String source, Encoding encoding) -> void
+    def initialize(source, encoding)
+      @source = source
+      @counter =
+        case encoding
+        when Encoding::UTF_8
+          UTF8Counter.new
+        when Encoding::UTF_16LE, Encoding::UTF_16BE
+          UTF16Counter.new(source, encoding)
+        else
+          UTF32Counter.new(source, encoding)
+        end
+
+      @cache = {} #: Hash[Integer, Integer]
+      @offsets = [] #: Array[Integer]
+    end
+
+    # Retrieve the code units offset from the given byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def [](byte_offset)
+      @cache[byte_offset] ||=
+        if (index = @offsets.bsearch_index { |offset| offset > byte_offset }).nil?
+          @offsets << byte_offset
+          @counter.count(0, byte_offset)
+        elsif index == 0
+          @offsets.unshift(byte_offset)
+          @counter.count(0, byte_offset)
+        else
+          @offsets.insert(index, byte_offset)
+          offset = @offsets[index - 1]
+          @cache[offset] + @counter.count(offset, byte_offset - offset)
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Specialized version of Prism::Source for source code that includes ASCII
+  # characters only. This class is used to apply performance optimizations that
+  # cannot be applied to sources that include multibyte characters.
+  #
+  # In the extremely rare case that a source includes multi-byte characters but
+  # is marked as binary because of a magic encoding comment and it cannot be
+  # eagerly converted to UTF-8, this class will be used as well. This is because
+  # at that point we will treat everything as single-byte characters.
+  class ASCIISource < Source
+    # Return the character offset for the given byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def character_offset(byte_offset)
+      byte_offset
+    end
+
+    # Return the column in characters for the given byte offset.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset) -> Integer
+    def character_column(byte_offset)
+      byte_offset - line_start(byte_offset)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the offset from the start of the file for the given byte offset
+    # counting in code units for the given encoding.
+    #
+    # This method is tested with UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32. If there is the
+    # concept of code units that differs from the number of characters in other
+    # encodings, it is not captured here.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def code_units_offset(byte_offset, encoding)
+      byte_offset
+    end
+
+    # Returns a cache that is the identity function in order to maintain the
+    # same interface. We can do this because code units are always equivalent to
+    # byte offsets for ASCII-only sources.
+    #
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> _CodeUnitsCache
+    def code_units_cache(encoding)
+      ->(byte_offset) { byte_offset }
+    end
+
+    # Specialized version of `code_units_column` that does not depend on
+    # `code_units_offset`, which is a more expensive operation. This is
+    # essentially the same as `Prism::Source#column`.
+    #
+    #: (Integer byte_offset, Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def code_units_column(byte_offset, encoding)
+      byte_offset - line_start(byte_offset)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This represents a location in the source.
+  class Location
+    # A Source object that is used to determine more information from the given
+    # offset and length.
+    attr_reader :source #: Source
+    protected :source
+
+    # The byte offset from the beginning of the source where this location
+    # starts.
+    attr_reader :start_offset #: Integer
+
+    # The length of this location in bytes.
+    attr_reader :length #: Integer
+
+    # Create a new location object with the given source, start byte offset, and
+    # byte length.
+    #
+    #: (Source source, Integer start_offset, Integer length) -> void
+    def initialize(source, start_offset, length)
+      @source = source
+      @start_offset = start_offset
+      @length = length
+    end
+
+    # Create a new location object with the given options.
+    #
+    #: (?source: Source, ?start_offset: Integer, ?length: Integer) -> Location
+    def copy(source: self.source, start_offset: self.start_offset, length: self.length)
+      Location.new(source, start_offset, length)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a new location that is the result of chopping off the last byte.
+    #
+    #: () -> Location
+    def chop
+      copy(length: length == 0 ? length : length - 1)
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of this location.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
+      "#<Prism::Location @start_offset=#{@start_offset} @length=#{@length} start_line=#{start_line}>"
+    end
+
+    # Returns all of the lines of the source code associated with this location.
+    #
+    #: () -> Array[String]
+    def source_lines
+      source.lines
+    end
+
+    # The source code that this location represents.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def slice
+      source.slice(start_offset, length)
+    end
+
+    # The source code that this location represents starting from the beginning
+    # of the line that this location starts on to the end of the line that this
+    # location ends on.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def slice_lines
+      line_start = source.line_start(start_offset)
+      line_end = source.line_end(end_offset)
+      source.slice(line_start, line_end - line_start)
+    end
+
+    # The character offset from the beginning of the source where this location
+    # starts.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def start_character_offset
+      source.character_offset(start_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The offset from the start of the file in code units of the given encoding.
+    #
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def start_code_units_offset(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
+      source.code_units_offset(start_offset, encoding)
+    end
+
+    # The start offset from the start of the file in code units using the given
+    # cache to fetch or calculate the value.
+    #
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    def cached_start_code_units_offset(cache)
+      cache[start_offset]
+    end
+
+    # The byte offset from the beginning of the source where this location ends.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def end_offset
+      start_offset + length
+    end
+
+    # The character offset from the beginning of the source where this location
+    # ends.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def end_character_offset
+      source.character_offset(end_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The offset from the start of the file in code units of the given encoding.
+    #
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def end_code_units_offset(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
+      source.code_units_offset(end_offset, encoding)
+    end
+
+    # The end offset from the start of the file in code units using the given
+    # cache to fetch or calculate the value.
+    #
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    def cached_end_code_units_offset(cache)
+      cache[end_offset]
+    end
+
+    # The line number where this location starts.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def start_line
+      source.line(start_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The content of the line where this location starts before this location.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def start_line_slice
+      offset = source.line_start(start_offset)
+      source.slice(offset, start_offset - offset)
+    end
+
+    # The line number where this location ends.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def end_line
+      source.line(end_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The column in bytes where this location starts from the start of
+    # the line.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def start_column
+      source.column(start_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The column in characters where this location ends from the start of
+    # the line.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def start_character_column
+      source.character_column(start_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The column in code units of the given encoding where this location
+    # starts from the start of the line.
+    #
+    #: (?Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def start_code_units_column(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
+      source.code_units_column(start_offset, encoding)
+    end
+
+    # The start column in code units using the given cache to fetch or calculate
+    # the value.
+    #
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    def cached_start_code_units_column(cache)
+      cache[start_offset] - cache[source.line_start(start_offset)]
+    end
+
+    # The column in bytes where this location ends from the start of the
+    # line.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def end_column
+      source.column(end_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The column in characters where this location ends from the start of
+    # the line.
+    #
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def end_character_column
+      source.character_column(end_offset)
+    end
+
+    # The column in code units of the given encoding where this location
+    # ends from the start of the line.
+    #
+    #: (?Encoding encoding) -> Integer
+    def end_code_units_column(encoding = Encoding::UTF_16LE)
+      source.code_units_column(end_offset, encoding)
+    end
+
+    # The end column in code units using the given cache to fetch or calculate
+    # the value.
+    #
+    #: (_CodeUnitsCache cache) -> Integer
+    def cached_end_code_units_column(cache)
+      cache[end_offset] - cache[source.line_start(end_offset)]
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Location.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      { start_offset: start_offset, end_offset: end_offset }
+    end
+
+    # Implement the pretty print interface for Location.
+    #
+    #: (PP q) -> void
+    def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
+      q.text("(#{start_line},#{start_column})-(#{end_line},#{end_column})")
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the given other location is equal to this location.
+    #
+    #: (untyped other) -> bool
+    def ==(other)
+      Location === other &&
+        other.start_offset == start_offset &&
+        other.end_offset == end_offset
+    end
+
+    # Returns a new location that stretches from this location to the given
+    # other location. Raises an error if this location is not before the other
+    # location or if they don't share the same source.
+    #
+    #: (Location other) -> Location
+    def join(other)
+      raise "Incompatible sources" if source != other.source
+      raise "Incompatible locations" if start_offset > other.start_offset
+
+      Location.new(source, start_offset, other.end_offset - start_offset)
+    end
+
+    # Join this location with the first occurrence of the string in the source
+    # that occurs after this location on the same line, and return the new
+    # location. This will raise an error if the string does not exist.
+    #
+    #: (String string) -> Location
+    def adjoin(string)
+      line_suffix = source.slice(end_offset, source.line_end(end_offset) - end_offset)
+
+      line_suffix_index = line_suffix.byteindex(string)
+      raise "Could not find #{string}" if line_suffix_index.nil?
+
+      Location.new(source, start_offset, length + line_suffix_index + string.bytesize)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This represents a comment that was encountered during parsing. It is the
+  # base class for all comment types.
+  class Comment
+    # The Location of this comment in the source.
+    attr_reader :location #: Location
+
+    # Create a new comment object with the given location.
+    #
+    #: (Location location) -> void
+    def initialize(location)
+      @location = location
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Comment.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      { location: location }
+    end
+
+    # Returns the content of the comment by slicing it from the source code.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def slice
+      location.slice
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if this comment happens on the same line as other code and
+    # false if the comment is by itself. This can only be true for inline
+    # comments and should be false for block comments.
+    #
+    #: () -> bool
+    def trailing?
+      raise NotImplementedError, "trailing? is not implemented for #{self.class}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # InlineComment objects are the most common. They correspond to comments in
+  # the source file like this one that start with #.
+  class InlineComment < Comment
+    # Returns true if this comment happens on the same line as other code and
+    # false if the comment is by itself.
+    #
+    #: () -> bool
+    def trailing?
+      !location.start_line_slice.strip.empty?
+    rescue ArgumentError # invalid bytes, never whitespace only
+      false
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of this comment.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
+      "#<Prism::InlineComment @location=#{location.inspect}>"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # EmbDocComment objects correspond to comments that are surrounded by =begin
+  # and =end.
+  class EmbDocComment < Comment
+    # Returns false. This can only be true for inline comments.
+    #
+    #: () -> bool
+    def trailing?
+      false
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of this comment.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
+      "#<Prism::EmbDocComment @location=#{location.inspect}>"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This represents a magic comment that was encountered during parsing.
+  class MagicComment
+    # A Location object representing the location of the key in the source.
+    attr_reader :key_loc #: Location
+
+    # A Location object representing the location of the value in the source.
+    attr_reader :value_loc #: Location
+
+    # Create a new magic comment object with the given key and value locations.
+    #
+    #: (Location key_loc, Location value_loc) -> void
+    def initialize(key_loc, value_loc)
+      @key_loc = key_loc
+      @value_loc = value_loc
+    end
+
+    # Returns the key of the magic comment by slicing it from the source code.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def key
+      key_loc.slice
+    end
+
+    # Returns the value of the magic comment by slicing it from the source code.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def value
+      value_loc.slice
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for MagicComment.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      { key_loc: key_loc, value_loc: value_loc }
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of this magic comment.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
+      "#<Prism::MagicComment @key=#{key.inspect} @value=#{value.inspect}>"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This represents an error that was encountered during parsing.
+  class ParseError
+    # The type of error. This is an _internal_ symbol that is used for
+    # communicating with translation layers. It is not meant to be public API.
+    attr_reader :type #: Symbol
+
+    # The message associated with this error.
+    attr_reader :message #: String
+
+    # A Location object representing the location of this error in the source.
+    attr_reader :location #: Location
+
+    # The level of this error.
+    attr_reader :level #: Symbol
+
+    # Create a new error object with the given message and location.
+    #
+    #: (Symbol type, String message, Location location, Symbol level) -> void
+    def initialize(type, message, location, level)
+      @type = type
+      @message = message
+      @location = location
+      @level = level
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseError.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      { type: type, message: message, location: location, level: level }
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of this error.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
+      "#<Prism::ParseError @type=#{@type.inspect} @message=#{@message.inspect} @location=#{@location.inspect} @level=#{@level.inspect}>"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This represents a warning that was encountered during parsing.
+  class ParseWarning
+    # The type of warning. This is an _internal_ symbol that is used for
+    # communicating with translation layers. It is not meant to be public API.
+    attr_reader :type #: Symbol
+
+    # The message associated with this warning.
+    attr_reader :message #: String
+
+    # A Location object representing the location of this warning in the source.
+    attr_reader :location #: Location
+
+    # The level of this warning.
+    attr_reader :level #: Symbol
+
+    # Create a new warning object with the given message and location.
+    #
+    #: (Symbol type, String message, Location location, Symbol level) -> void
+    def initialize(type, message, location, level)
+      @type = type
+      @message = message
+      @location = location
+      @level = level
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseWarning.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      { type: type, message: message, location: location, level: level }
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of this warning.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
+      "#<Prism::ParseWarning @type=#{@type.inspect} @message=#{@message.inspect} @location=#{@location.inspect} @level=#{@level.inspect}>"
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This represents the result of a call to Prism.parse or Prism.parse_file.
+  # It contains the requested structure, any comments that were encounters,
+  # and any errors that were encountered.
+  class Result
+    # The list of magic comments that were encountered during parsing.
+    attr_reader :magic_comments #: Array[MagicComment]
+
+    # An optional location that represents the location of the __END__ marker
+    # and the rest of the content of the file. This content is loaded into the
+    # DATA constant when the file being parsed is the main file being executed.
+    attr_reader :data_loc #: Location?
+
+    # The list of errors that were generated during parsing.
+    attr_reader :errors #: Array[ParseError]
+
+    # The list of warnings that were generated during parsing.
+    attr_reader :warnings #: Array[ParseWarning]
+
+    # A Source instance that represents the source code that was parsed.
+    attr_reader :source #: Source
+
+    # Create a new result object with the given values.
+    #
+    #: (Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
+      @magic_comments = magic_comments
+      @data_loc = data_loc
+      @errors = errors
+      @warnings = warnings
+      @continuable = continuable
+      @source = source
+    end
+
+    # The list of comments that were encountered during parsing.
+    #
+    #: () -> Array[Comment]
+    def comments
+      source.comments
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Result.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      { comments: comments, magic_comments: magic_comments, data_loc: data_loc, errors: errors, warnings: warnings }
+    end
+
+    # Returns the encoding of the source code that was parsed.
+    #
+    #: () -> Encoding
+    def encoding
+      source.encoding
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if there were no errors during parsing and false if there
+    # were.
+    #
+    #: () -> bool
+    def success?
+      errors.empty?
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if there were errors during parsing and false if there were
+    # not.
+    #
+    #: () -> bool
+    def failure?
+      !success?
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the parsed source is an incomplete expression that could
+    # become valid with additional input. This is useful for REPL contexts (such
+    # as IRB) where the user may be entering a multi-line expression one line at
+    # a time and the implementation needs to determine whether to wait for more
+    # input or to evaluate what has been entered so far.
+    #
+    # Concretely, this returns true when every error present is caused by the
+    # parser reaching the end of the input before a construct was closed (e.g.
+    # an unclosed string, array, block, or keyword), and returns false when any
+    # error is caused by a token that makes the input structurally invalid
+    # regardless of what might follow (e.g. a stray `end`, `]`, or `)` with no
+    # matching opener).
+    #
+    # Examples:
+    #
+    #     Prism.parse("1 + [").continuable?      #=> true  (unclosed array)
+    #     Prism.parse("1 + ]").continuable?      #=> false (stray ])
+    #     Prism.parse("tap do").continuable?     #=> true  (unclosed block)
+    #     Prism.parse("end.tap do").continuable? #=> false (stray end)
+    #
+    #: () -> bool
+    def continuable?
+      @continuable
+    end
+
+    # Create a code units cache for the given encoding.
+    #
+    #: (Encoding encoding) -> _CodeUnitsCache
+    def code_units_cache(encoding)
+      source.code_units_cache(encoding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This is a result specific to the `parse` and `parse_file` methods.
+  class ParseResult < Result
+    autoload :Errors, "prism/parse_result/errors"
+    autoload :Newlines, "prism/parse_result/newlines"
+
+    private_constant :Errors
+    private_constant :Newlines
+
+    # The syntax tree that was parsed from the source code.
+    attr_reader :value #: ProgramNode
+
+    # Create a new parse result object with the given values.
+    #
+    #: (ProgramNode value, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(value, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
+      @value = value
+      super(magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseResult.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      super.merge!(value: value)
+    end
+
+    # Walk the tree and mark nodes that are on a new line, loosely emulating
+    # the behavior of CRuby's `:line` tracepoint event.
+    #
+    #: () -> void
+    def mark_newlines!
+      value.accept(Newlines.new(source.offsets.size)) # steep:ignore
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of the syntax tree with the errors
+    # displayed inline.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def errors_format
+      Errors.new(self).format
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This is a result specific to the `lex` and `lex_file` methods.
+  class LexResult < Result
+    # The list of tokens that were parsed from the source code.
+    attr_reader :value #: Array[Token]
+
+    # Create a new lex result object with the given values.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Token] value, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(value, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
+      @value = value
+      super(magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for LexResult.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      super.merge!(value: value)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This is a result specific to the `parse_lex` and `parse_lex_file` methods.
+  class ParseLexResult < Result
+    # A tuple of the syntax tree and the list of tokens that were parsed from
+    # the source code.
+    attr_reader :value #: [ProgramNode, Array[Token]]
+
+    # Create a new parse lex result object with the given values.
+    #
+    #: ([ProgramNode, Array[Token]] value, Array[MagicComment] magic_comments, Location? data_loc, Array[ParseError] errors, Array[ParseWarning] warnings, bool continuable, Source source) -> void
+    def initialize(value, magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
+      @value = value
+      super(magic_comments, data_loc, errors, warnings, continuable, source)
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for ParseLexResult.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      super.merge!(value: value)
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This represents a token from the Ruby source.
+  class Token
+    # The Source object that represents the source this token came from.
+    attr_reader :source #: Source
+    private :source
+
+    # The type of token that this token is.
+    attr_reader :type #: Symbol
+
+    # A byteslice of the source that this token represents.
+    attr_reader :value #: String
+
+    # @rbs @location: Location | Integer
+
+    # Create a new token object with the given type, value, and location.
+    #
+    #: (Source source, Symbol type, String value, Location | Integer location, Integer state) -> void
+    def initialize(source, type, value, location, state)
+      @source = source
+      @type = type
+      @value = value
+      @location = location
+      @state = state
+    end
+
+    # Implement the hash pattern matching interface for Token.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol]? keys) -> Hash[Symbol, untyped]
+    def deconstruct_keys(keys) # :nodoc:
+      { type: type, value: value, location: location }
+    end
+
+    # A Location object representing the location of this token in the source.
+    #
+    #: () -> Location
+    def location
+      location = @location
+      return location if location.is_a?(Location)
+      @location = Location.new(source, location >> 32, location & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+    end
+
+    # Implement the pretty print interface for Token.
+    #
+    #: (PP q) -> void
+    def pretty_print(q) # :nodoc:
+      q.group do
+        q.text(type.to_s)
+        self.location.pretty_print(q)
+        q.text("(")
+        q.nest(2) do
+          q.breakable("")
+          q.pp(value)
+        end
+        q.breakable("")
+        q.text(")")
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the given other token is equal to this token.
+    #
+    #: (untyped other) -> bool
+    def ==(other)
+      Token === other &&
+        other.type == type &&
+        other.value == value
+    end
+
+    # Returns a string representation of this token.
+    #
+    #: () -> String
+    def inspect # :nodoc:
+      location
+      super
+    end
+
+    # Freeze this object and the objects it contains.
+    #
+    #: () -> void
+    def deep_freeze
+      value.freeze
+      location.freeze
+      freeze
+    end
+
+    # For internal use only.
+    #: () -> Integer
+    def _ripper_state # :nodoc:
+      @state
+    end
+
+    # Backwards compatibility for Prism.lex/Prism.lex_file/Prism.parse_lex
+    # when they returned a 2-element array.
+
+    #: (Integer index) -> Token | Integer
+    def [](index) # :nodoc:
+      return self if index == 0
+      return @state if index == 1
+      raise ArgumentError, "Invalid index #{index}"
+    end
+
+    #: () -> Token
+    def first # :nodoc:
+      self
+    end
+  end
+
+  # This object is passed to the various Prism.* methods that accept the
+  # `scopes` option as an element of the list. It defines both the local
+  # variables visible at that scope as well as the forwarding parameters
+  # available at that scope.
+  class Scope
+    # The list of local variables that are defined in this scope. This should be
+    # defined as an array of symbols.
+    attr_reader :locals #: Array[Symbol]
+
+    # The list of local variables that are forwarded to the next scope. This
+    # should by defined as an array of symbols containing the specific values of
+    # :*, :**, :&, or :"...".
+    attr_reader :forwarding #: Array[Symbol]
+
+    # Create a new scope object with the given locals and forwarding.
+    #
+    #: (Array[Symbol] locals, Array[Symbol] forwarding) -> void
+    def initialize(locals, forwarding)
+      @locals = locals
+      @forwarding = forwarding
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Create a new scope with the given locals and forwarding options that is
+  # suitable for passing into one of the Prism.* methods that accepts the
+  # `scopes` option.
+  #
+  #: (?locals: Array[Symbol], ?forwarding: Array[Symbol]) -> Scope
+  def self.scope(locals: [], forwarding: [])
+    Scope.new(locals, forwarding)
+  end
+end