RubyGems - prelude - Versions diffs - 0.0.1 → 0.0.2 - Mend

prelude 0.0.1 → 0.0.2

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data/CHANGELOG +11 -3
data/COPYING +410 -247
data/README +139 -9
data/Rakefile +22 -19
data/doc/classes/Prelude.html +134 -0
data/doc/classes/Prelude/List.html +2549 -0
data/doc/classes/Prelude/Monad.html +226 -0
data/doc/classes/Prelude/Tuple.html +217 -0
data/doc/classes/Proc.html +173 -0
data/doc/classes/Symbol.html +166 -0
data/doc/created.rid +1 -0
data/doc/files/CHANGELOG.html +115 -0
data/doc/files/README.html +328 -0
data/doc/files/TODO.html +95 -0
data/doc/files/lib/prelude/list_rb.html +83 -0
data/doc/files/lib/prelude/monad_rb.html +83 -0
data/doc/files/lib/prelude/tuple_rb.html +83 -0
data/doc/files/lib/prelude_rb.html +98 -0
data/doc/fr_class_index.html +32 -0
data/doc/fr_file_index.html +33 -0
data/doc/fr_method_index.html +124 -0
data/doc/index.html +27 -0
data/doc/rdoc-style.css +208 -0
data/lib/prelude.rb +12 -15
data/lib/prelude/list.rb +115 -131
data/lib/prelude/monad.rb +31 -19
data/lib/prelude/tuple.rb +27 -31
data/test/tc_higher.rb +11 -11
data/test/tc_list.rb +29 -15
data/test/tc_tuple.rb +49 -11
data/test/ts_prelude.rb +11 -11
metadata +27 -3

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+<head>
+  <title>Class: Symbol</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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+  </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div id="classHeader">
+        <table class="header-table">
+        <tr class="top-aligned-row">
+          <td><strong>Class</strong></td>
+          <td class="class-name-in-header">Symbol</td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr class="top-aligned-row">
+            <td><strong>In:</strong></td>
+            <td>
+                <a href="../files/lib/prelude_rb.html">
+                lib/prelude.rb
+                </a>
+        <br />
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+        <tr class="top-aligned-row">
+            <td><strong>Parent:</strong></td>
+            <td>
+                Object
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+        </table>
+    </div>
+  <!-- banner header -->
+  <div id="bodyContent">
+  <div id="contextContent">
+   </div>
+    <div id="method-list">
+      <h3 class="section-bar">Methods</h3>
+      <div class="name-list">
+      <a href="#M000002">curry</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
+      <a href="#M000001">to_proc</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+    <!-- if includes -->
+    <div id="section">
+    <!-- if method_list -->
+    <div id="methods">
+      <h3 class="section-bar">Public Instance methods</h3>
+      <div id="method-M000002" class="method-detail">
+        <a name="M000002"></a>
+        <div class="method-heading">
+          <a href="#M000002" class="method-signature">
+          <span class="method-name">curry</span><span class="method-args">(one, *args)</span>
+          </a>
+        </div>
+        <div class="method-description">
+          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
+            onclick="toggleCode('M000002-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
+          <div class="method-source-code" id="M000002-source">
+<pre>
+    <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/prelude.rb, line 42</span>
+42:   <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">curry</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">one</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>)
+43:     <span class="ruby-identifier">proc</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_proc</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">one</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>) }
+44:   <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
+</pre>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div id="method-M000001" class="method-detail">
+        <a name="M000001"></a>
+        <div class="method-heading">
+          <a href="#M000001" class="method-signature">
+          <span class="method-name">to_proc</span><span class="method-args">()</span>
+          </a>
+        </div>
+        <div class="method-description">
+          <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#"
+            onclick="toggleCode('M000001-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p>
+          <div class="method-source-code" id="M000001-source">
+<pre>
+    <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/prelude.rb, line 38</span>
+38:   <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">to_proc</span>
+39:     <span class="ruby-identifier">proc</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">obj</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">obj</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">send</span>(<span class="ruby-keyword kw">self</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>) }
+40:   <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span>
+</pre>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>

data/doc/created.rid ADDED

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1	+ Wed Sep 06 12:06:33 Central Daylight Time 2006

data/doc/files/CHANGELOG.html ADDED

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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+  <title>File: CHANGELOG</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href=".././rdoc-style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+  // <![CDATA[
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+  // Make codeblocks hidden by default
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+  // ]]>
+  </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <!-- banner header -->
+  <div id="bodyContent">
+  <div id="contextContent">
+    <div id="description">
+      <h1>CHANGELOG</h1>
+<p>
+$Id: CHANGELOG 7 2006-09-06 17:03:26Z prelude $
+</p>
+<h2>09/06/06 - Release 0.0.2</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Expanded README and moved references from sources into it.
+</li>
+<li>Fixed Tuple&#8217;s implementation.
+</li>
+<li>Added custom documentation template.
+</li>
+<li>Changed licensing from GPL to Lesser GPL
+</li>
+<li>Expanded Monad&#8217;s implementation
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h2>08/24/06 - Release 0.0.1</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>A very preliminary version for public comments. Only parts of List class
+were implemented.
+</li>
+</ul>
+    </div>
+   </div>
+  </div>
+    <!-- if includes -->
+    <div id="section">
+    <!-- if method_list -->
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>

data/doc/files/README.html ADDED

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+  <title>File: README</title>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href=".././rdoc-style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" />
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+  // <![CDATA[
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+  }
+  // Make codeblocks hidden by default
+  document.writeln( "<style type=\"text/css\">div.method-source-code { display: none }</style>" )
+  // ]]>
+  </script>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <!-- banner header -->
+  <div id="bodyContent">
+  <div id="contextContent">
+    <div id="description">
+      <h1><a href="../classes/Prelude.html">Prelude</a> - a Haskell-like functional library</h1>
+<p>
+$Id: README 7 2006-09-06 17:03:26Z prelude $
+</p>
+<p>
+<b>WARNING</b> <tt>The project is still in a very preliminary state. Only
+List was partially implemented. Feel free to contribute.</tt>
+</p>
+<p>
+Project home is at <a
+href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/prelude">rubyforge.org/projects/prelude</a>/
+</p>
+<h2>The goal</h2>
+<p>
+The general idea is that functional programming provides many benefits,
+which are not directly available in Ruby out of the box. This library will,
+hopefully, provide an infrastructure for the use of most Haskell&#8217;s
+functional idioms. It will also facilitate a more or less direct port to
+Ruby of algorithms and data structures already developed by functional
+community. I deem infinite lists, monads, and higher-level functions to be
+most useful functional contribution to the general purpose programming.
+</p>
+<p>
+I do believe the old math&#8217;s maxim that &quot;new notation leads to
+new results.&quot;
+</p>
+<h2>Features</h2>
+<p>
+As of right now, i.e., release 0.0.x, the feature list is pretty much a
+wish list, so treat it accordingly.
+</p>
+<h3>Rather curious collection of operations on lists</h3>
+<p>
+Haskell&#8217;s lists are different from Ruby&#8217;s arrays in many ways.
+First of all, there are more operations defined on lists and the naming
+convention is different. Since Haskell&#8217;s (or Lisp&#8217;s) lists play
+a fundamental role in everything functional, their implementation seems
+necessary. Here are the goals for list&#8217;s implementation:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Most, if not all, functions, i.e., <tt>head</tt>, <tt>tail</tt>,
+<tt>last</tt>, <tt>first</tt>, <tt>concat</tt>, etc.
+</li>
+<li>Assignment compatibility with Ruby&#8217;s native arrays. For example,
+these operations should be correct:
+<pre>
+ List a = List.new([1, 2, 3])
+ b = [3, 4, 5]
+ List c = a+b
+ a[1] = 10
+ b[2] = a[3]
+ a &lt;&lt; 3 &lt;&lt; 4
+</pre>
+<p>
+&#8230;and so on.
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>List comprehension. It&#8217;s mostly covered by Ruby&#8217;s own
+functionality, but some semantic refinements may be needed.
+</li>
+<li>Infinite lists. It might look like this:
+<pre>
+ List ones = List.new([1]) { ones } # =&gt; [1,... ]
+ ones.take 3                        # =&gt; [1, 1, 1]
+</pre>
+<p>
+This functionality is being developed by the Lazilists project, see <a
+href="http://lazylist.rubyforge.org">lazylist.rubyforge.org</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>What else?
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Reinforced Ruby&#8217;s Lambda-calculus</h3>
+<p>
+While implementing majority of the Lambda world is relatively trivial in
+Ruby, some of the recursive beauty might be lost. Consider <tt>foldl</tt>,
+for example. The classic recursive definition like this
+</p>
+<pre>
+   def foldl(s, &amp;block)
+     empty? ? s : tail.foldl(block.call(s, head), &amp;block)
+   end
+</pre>
+<p>
+croaks on about 800+ elements integer lists, but more rubyish and compact
+</p>
+<pre>
+   def foldl(s, &amp;block)
+     inject(s){ |a,b| block.call(a,b) }
+   end
+</pre>
+<p>
+does not possess any of the classic&#8217;s functional elegance. It means
+that for practical applications Ruby&#8217;s recursions need to be fixed or
+somehow re-implemented in the <a href="../classes/Prelude.html">Prelude</a>
+library.
+</p>
+<h3>Higher-order functions</h3>
+<p>
+It is a very good thing, that Ruby allows functions to be good citizens
+including being passed to other functions and returned from them. These
+need to be added to complete the picture:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Function combinations. Consider:
+<pre>
+ add5 = proc {|x| x+5}
+ add6 = proc {|x| x+6}
+ add11 = add5 &lt;&lt; add6
+</pre>
+<p>
+I.e., the <tt>add5</tt> is an absolutely generic algorithm expressed in
+terms of other functions as long as <tt>add5</tt> takes as an argument and
+<tt>add6</tt> returns an object for which operation <tt>+</tt> is defined.
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>Currying, as in
+<pre>
+  add5 = (proc {|x,y,z| x+y+z}).curry(5)
+  add5.call(3, 2)      # =&gt; 10
+</pre>
+<p>
+More convenient syntax is desirable.
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>What else?
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3>Monads</h3>
+<p>
+This is where all the previous trouble should start paying off allowing an
+application to be structured like this:
+</p>
+<pre>
+   result &lt;&lt; connect &lt;&lt; do_something &lt;&lt; delete_something &lt;&lt; with(params)
+</pre>
+<p>
+Writing tutorials for monadic computations became a little industry in
+itself, see <a
+href="http://nomaware.com/monads/html/index.html">nomaware.com/monads/html/index.html</a>
+to get started. More monadic resources are here: <a
+href="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/Books_and_tutorials#Using_monads">haskell.org/haskellwiki/Books_and_tutorials#Using_monads</a>
+</p>
+<h3>What else</h3>
+<p>
+These features will be nice to have in a second release of the library:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>General purpose monadic parser library similar to Parsec, see <a
+href="http://www.cs.uu.nl/~daan/parsec.html">www.cs.uu.nl/~daan/parsec.html</a>
+</li>
+<li>Tools for automatic program verification and algebraic proofs
+</li>
+<li>What else
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h2>What&#8217;s in a name</h2>
+<p>
+Since most of the functionality to be implemented here is defined in
+Haskell&#8217;s prelude package, the name <b><a
+href="../classes/Prelude.html">Prelude</a></b> seemed natural.
+</p>
+<h2>Download</h2>
+<p>
+The latest <a href="../classes/Prelude.html">Prelude</a> library version
+can be downloaded from <a
+href="http://rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=2096">rubyforge.org/frs/?group_id=2096</a>
+</p>
+<h2>Installation</h2>
+<p>
+You can install <a href="../classes/Prelude.html">Prelude</a> library with
+the following command.
+</p>
+<pre>
+  % gem install prelude
+</pre>
+<h2>License</h2>
+<p>
+<a href="../classes/Prelude.html">Prelude</a> library is released under the
+Lesser GPL license, see <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt">www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt</a>
+</p>
+<h2>Support</h2>
+<p>
+Please use the following:
+</p>
+<ul>
+<li>forums on Rubyforge for general discussions, <a
+href="http://rubyforge.org/forum/?group_id=2096">rubyforge.org/forum/?group_id=2096</a>
+</li>
+<li>trackers to submit bugs or feature requests, <a
+href="http://rubyforge.org/tracker/?group_id=2096">rubyforge.org/tracker/?group_id=2096</a>
+</li>
+<li>to contact the author, send mail to prelude rubyforge org
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h2>References</h2>
+<p>
+The authors of the project were inspired by the following works:
+</p>
+<ol>
+<li>An article, probably by Gavin Sinclair, at <a
+href="http://blogs.pragprog.com/cgi-bin/pragdave.cgi/Tech/Ruby/ToProc.rdoc">blogs.pragprog.com/cgi-bin/pragdave.cgi/Tech/Ruby/ToProc.rdoc</a>
+regarding <a href="../classes/Symbol.html#M000001">Symbol#to_proc</a>
+function in Ruby Extension project, <a
+href="http://extensions.rubyforge.org">extensions.rubyforge.org</a>
+</li>
+<li>An elaborate port of Perl&#8217;s Sub::Curry library by Ross Bamford, <a
+href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubymurray">rubyforge.org/projects/rubymurray</a>
+</li>
+<li>An early implementation of Haskell&#8217;s lists as Ruby arrays by Hipster
+(a.k.a. Michel van de Ven). His original sketch can be found at <a
+href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~hipster/lib/ruby/haskell">www.xs4all.nl/~hipster/lib/ruby/haskell</a>
+</li>
+<li>An article by Christopher Williams &quot;Late to the Party&quot; posted at
+<a
+href="http://cwilliams.textdriven.com/pages/monads">cwilliams.textdriven.com/pages/monads</a>
+</li>
+<li>Several articles on monads by MenTaLguY, see <a
+href="http://moonbase.rydia.net/mental/writings/programming/monads-in-ruby/00introduction.html">moonbase.rydia.net/mental/writings/programming/monads-in-ruby/00introduction.html</a>
+</li>
+</ol>
+    </div>
+   </div>
+  </div>
+    <!-- if includes -->
+    <div id="section">
+    <!-- if method_list -->
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>