plaid 14.9.0 → 14.10.0

data/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.6.0/gems/parser-2.7.2.0/lib/parser/builders/default.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2111 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module Parser
+
+  ##
+  # Default AST builder. Uses {AST::Node}s.
+  #
+  class Builders::Default
+    class << self
+      ##
+      # AST compatibility attribute; since `-> {}` is not semantically
+      # equivalent to `lambda {}`, all new code should set this attribute
+      # to true.
+      #
+      # If set to false (the default), `-> {}` is emitted as
+      # `s(:block, s(:send, nil, :lambda), s(:args), nil)`.
+      #
+      # If set to true, `-> {}` is emitted as
+      # `s(:block, s(:lambda), s(:args), nil)`.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      attr_accessor :emit_lambda
+    end
+
+    @emit_lambda = false
+
+    class << self
+      ##
+      # AST compatibility attribute; block arguments of `m { |a| }` are
+      # not semantically equivalent to block arguments of `m { |a,| }` or `m { |a, b| }`,
+      # all new code should set this attribute to true.
+      #
+      # If set to false (the default), arguments of `m { |a| }` are emitted as
+      # `s(:args, s(:arg, :a))`.
+      #
+      # If set to true, arguments of `m { |a| }` are emitted as
+      # `s(:args, s(:procarg0, :a)).
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      attr_accessor :emit_procarg0
+    end
+
+    @emit_procarg0 = false
+
+    class << self
+      ##
+      # AST compatibility attribute; locations of `__ENCODING__` are not the same
+      # as locations of `Encoding::UTF_8` causing problems during rewriting,
+      # all new code should set this attribute to true.
+      #
+      # If set to false (the default), `__ENCODING__` is emitted as
+      # ` s(:const, s(:const, nil, :Encoding), :UTF_8)`.
+      #
+      # If set to true, `__ENCODING__` is emitted as
+      # `s(:__ENCODING__)`.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      attr_accessor :emit_encoding
+    end
+
+    @emit_encoding = false
+
+    class << self
+      ##
+      # AST compatibility attribute; indexed assignment, `x[] = 1`, is not
+      # semantically equivalent to calling the method directly, `x.[]=(1)`.
+      # Specifically, in the former case, the expression's value is always 1,
+      # and in the latter case, the expression's value is the return value
+      # of the `[]=` method.
+      #
+      # If set to false (the default), `self[1]` is emitted as
+      # `s(:send, s(:self), :[], s(:int, 1))`, and `self[1] = 2` is
+      # emitted as `s(:send, s(:self), :[]=, s(:int, 1), s(:int, 2))`.
+      #
+      # If set to true, `self[1]` is emitted as
+      # `s(:index, s(:self), s(:int, 1))`, and `self[1] = 2` is
+      # emitted as `s(:indexasgn, s(:self), s(:int, 1), s(:int, 2))`.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      attr_accessor :emit_index
+    end
+
+    @emit_index = false
+
+    class << self
+      ##
+      # AST compatibility attribute; causes a single non-mlhs
+      # block argument to be wrapped in s(:procarg0).
+      #
+      # If set to false (the default), block arguments `|a|` are emitted as
+      # `s(:args, s(:procarg0, :a))`
+      #
+      # If set to true, block arguments `|a|` are emitted as
+      # `s(:args, s(:procarg0, s(:arg, :a))`
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      attr_accessor :emit_arg_inside_procarg0
+    end
+
+    @emit_arg_inside_procarg0 = false
+
+    class << self
+      ##
+      # AST compatibility attribute; arguments forwarding initially
+      # didn't have support for leading arguments
+      # (i.e. `def m(a, ...); end` was a syntax error). However, Ruby 3.0
+      # added support for any number of arguments in front of the `...`.
+      #
+      # If set to false (the default):
+      #   1. `def m(...) end` is emitted as
+      #      s(:def, :m, s(:forward_args), nil)
+      #   2. `def m(a, b, ...) end` is emitted as
+      #      s(:def, :m,
+      #        s(:args, s(:arg, :a), s(:arg, :b), s(:forward_arg)))
+      #
+      # If set to true it uses a single format:
+      #   1. `def m(...) end` is emitted as
+      #      s(:def, :m, s(:args, s(:forward_arg)))
+      #   2. `def m(a, b, ...) end` is emitted as
+      #      s(:def, :m, s(:args, s(:arg, :a), s(:arg, :b), s(:forward_arg)))
+      #
+      # It does't matter that much on 2.7 (because there can't be any leading arguments),
+      # but on 3.0 it should be better enabled to use a single AST format.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      attr_accessor :emit_forward_arg
+    end
+
+    @emit_forward_arg = false
+
+    class << self
+      ##
+      # @api private
+      def modernize
+        @emit_lambda = true
+        @emit_procarg0 = true
+        @emit_encoding = true
+        @emit_index = true
+        @emit_arg_inside_procarg0 = true
+        @emit_forward_arg = true
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # @api private
+    attr_accessor :parser
+
+    ##
+    # If set to true (the default), `__FILE__` and `__LINE__` are transformed to
+    # literal nodes. For example, `s(:str, "lib/foo.rb")` and `s(:int, 10)`.
+    #
+    # If set to false, `__FILE__` and `__LINE__` are emitted as-is,
+    # i.e. as `s(:__FILE__)` and `s(:__LINE__)` nodes.
+    #
+    # Source maps are identical in both cases.
+    #
+    # @return [Boolean]
+    attr_accessor :emit_file_line_as_literals
+
+    ##
+    # Initializes attributes:
+    #
+    #   * `emit_file_line_as_literals`: `true`
+    def initialize
+      @emit_file_line_as_literals = true
+    end
+
+    # @!parse private
+
+    #
+    # Literals
+    #
+
+    # Singletons
+
+    def nil(nil_t)
+      n0(:nil,
+        token_map(nil_t))
+    end
+
+    def true(true_t)
+      n0(:true,
+        token_map(true_t))
+    end
+
+    def false(false_t)
+      n0(:false,
+        token_map(false_t))
+    end
+
+    # Numerics
+
+    def integer(integer_t)
+      numeric(:int, integer_t)
+    end
+
+    def float(float_t)
+      numeric(:float, float_t)
+    end
+
+    def rational(rational_t)
+      numeric(:rational, rational_t)
+    end
+
+    def complex(complex_t)
+      numeric(:complex, complex_t)
+    end
+
+    def numeric(kind, token)
+      n(kind, [ value(token) ],
+        Source::Map::Operator.new(nil, loc(token)))
+    end
+    private :numeric
+
+    def unary_num(unary_t, numeric)
+      value, = *numeric
+      operator_loc = loc(unary_t)
+
+      case value(unary_t)
+      when '+'
+        value = +value
+      when '-'
+        value = -value
+      end
+
+      numeric.updated(nil, [ value ],
+        :location =>
+          Source::Map::Operator.new(
+            operator_loc,
+            operator_loc.join(numeric.loc.expression)))
+    end
+
+    def __LINE__(__LINE__t)
+      n0(:__LINE__,
+        token_map(__LINE__t))
+    end
+
+    # Strings
+
+    def string(string_t)
+      n(:str, [ string_value(string_t) ],
+        delimited_string_map(string_t))
+    end
+
+    def string_internal(string_t)
+      n(:str, [ string_value(string_t) ],
+        unquoted_map(string_t))
+    end
+
+    def string_compose(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      if collapse_string_parts?(parts)
+        if begin_t.nil? && end_t.nil?
+          parts.first
+        else
+          n(:str, parts.first.children,
+            string_map(begin_t, parts, end_t))
+        end
+      else
+        n(:dstr, [ *parts ],
+          string_map(begin_t, parts, end_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def character(char_t)
+      n(:str, [ string_value(char_t) ],
+        prefix_string_map(char_t))
+    end
+
+    def __FILE__(__FILE__t)
+      n0(:__FILE__,
+        token_map(__FILE__t))
+    end
+
+    # Symbols
+
+    def symbol(symbol_t)
+      n(:sym, [ string_value(symbol_t).to_sym ],
+        prefix_string_map(symbol_t))
+    end
+
+    def symbol_internal(symbol_t)
+      n(:sym, [ string_value(symbol_t).to_sym ],
+        unquoted_map(symbol_t))
+    end
+
+    def symbol_compose(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      if collapse_string_parts?(parts)
+        str = parts.first
+
+        n(:sym, [ str.children.first.to_sym ],
+          collection_map(begin_t, str.loc.expression, end_t))
+      elsif @parser.version == 18 && parts.empty?
+        diagnostic :error, :empty_symbol, nil, loc(begin_t).join(loc(end_t))
+      else
+        n(:dsym, [ *parts ],
+          collection_map(begin_t, parts, end_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Executable strings
+
+    def xstring_compose(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      n(:xstr, [ *parts ],
+        string_map(begin_t, parts, end_t))
+    end
+
+    # Indented (interpolated, noninterpolated, executable) strings
+
+    def dedent_string(node, dedent_level)
+      if !dedent_level.nil?
+        dedenter = Lexer::Dedenter.new(dedent_level)
+
+        if node.type == :str
+          str = node.children.first
+          dedenter.dedent(str)
+        elsif node.type == :dstr || node.type == :xstr
+          node.children.each do |str_node|
+            if str_node.type == :str
+              str = str_node.children.first
+              dedenter.dedent(str)
+            else
+              dedenter.interrupt
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      node
+    end
+
+    # Regular expressions
+
+    def regexp_options(regopt_t)
+      options = value(regopt_t).
+        each_char.sort.uniq.
+        map(&:to_sym)
+
+      n(:regopt, options,
+        token_map(regopt_t))
+    end
+
+    def regexp_compose(begin_t, parts, end_t, options)
+      begin
+        static_regexp(parts, options)
+      rescue RegexpError => e
+        diagnostic :error, :invalid_regexp, { :message => e.message },
+                   loc(begin_t).join(loc(end_t))
+      end
+
+      n(:regexp, (parts << options),
+        regexp_map(begin_t, end_t, options))
+    end
+
+    # Arrays
+
+    def array(begin_t, elements, end_t)
+      n(:array, elements,
+        collection_map(begin_t, elements, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def splat(star_t, arg=nil)
+      if arg.nil?
+        n0(:splat,
+          unary_op_map(star_t))
+      else
+        n(:splat, [ arg ],
+          unary_op_map(star_t, arg))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def word(parts)
+      if collapse_string_parts?(parts)
+        parts.first
+      else
+        n(:dstr, [ *parts ],
+          collection_map(nil, parts, nil))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def words_compose(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      n(:array, [ *parts ],
+        collection_map(begin_t, parts, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def symbols_compose(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      parts = parts.map do |part|
+        case part.type
+        when :str
+          value, = *part
+          part.updated(:sym, [ value.to_sym ])
+        when :dstr
+          part.updated(:dsym)
+        else
+          part
+        end
+      end
+
+      n(:array, [ *parts ],
+        collection_map(begin_t, parts, end_t))
+    end
+
+    # Hashes
+
+    def pair(key, assoc_t, value)
+      n(:pair, [ key, value ],
+        binary_op_map(key, assoc_t, value))
+    end
+
+    def pair_list_18(list)
+      if list.size % 2 != 0
+        diagnostic :error, :odd_hash, nil, list.last.loc.expression
+      else
+        list.
+          each_slice(2).map do |key, value|
+            n(:pair, [ key, value ],
+              binary_op_map(key, nil, value))
+          end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def pair_keyword(key_t, value)
+      key_map, pair_map = pair_keyword_map(key_t, value)
+
+      key = n(:sym, [ value(key_t).to_sym ], key_map)
+
+      n(:pair, [ key, value ], pair_map)
+    end
+
+    def pair_quoted(begin_t, parts, end_t, value)
+      end_t, pair_map = pair_quoted_map(begin_t, end_t, value)
+
+      key = symbol_compose(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+
+      n(:pair, [ key, value ], pair_map)
+    end
+
+    def kwsplat(dstar_t, arg)
+      n(:kwsplat, [ arg ],
+        unary_op_map(dstar_t, arg))
+    end
+
+    def associate(begin_t, pairs, end_t)
+      n(:hash, [ *pairs ],
+        collection_map(begin_t, pairs, end_t))
+    end
+
+    # Ranges
+
+    def range_inclusive(lhs, dot2_t, rhs)
+      n(:irange, [ lhs, rhs ],
+        range_map(lhs, dot2_t, rhs))
+    end
+
+    def range_exclusive(lhs, dot3_t, rhs)
+      n(:erange, [ lhs, rhs ],
+        range_map(lhs, dot3_t, rhs))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Access
+    #
+
+    def self(token)
+      n0(:self,
+        token_map(token))
+    end
+
+    def ident(token)
+      n(:ident, [ value(token).to_sym ],
+        variable_map(token))
+    end
+
+    def ivar(token)
+      n(:ivar, [ value(token).to_sym ],
+        variable_map(token))
+    end
+
+    def gvar(token)
+      n(:gvar, [ value(token).to_sym ],
+        variable_map(token))
+    end
+
+    def cvar(token)
+      n(:cvar, [ value(token).to_sym ],
+        variable_map(token))
+    end
+
+    def back_ref(token)
+      n(:back_ref, [ value(token).to_sym ],
+        token_map(token))
+    end
+
+    def nth_ref(token)
+      n(:nth_ref, [ value(token) ],
+        token_map(token))
+    end
+
+    def accessible(node)
+      case node.type
+      when :__FILE__
+        if @emit_file_line_as_literals
+          n(:str, [ node.loc.expression.source_buffer.name ],
+            node.loc.dup)
+        else
+          node
+        end
+
+      when :__LINE__
+        if @emit_file_line_as_literals
+          n(:int, [ node.loc.expression.line ],
+            node.loc.dup)
+        else
+          node
+        end
+
+      when :__ENCODING__
+        if !self.class.emit_encoding
+          n(:const, [ n(:const, [ nil, :Encoding], nil), :UTF_8 ],
+            node.loc.dup)
+        else
+          node
+        end
+
+      when :ident
+        name, = *node
+
+        if @parser.static_env.declared?(name)
+          if name.to_s == parser.current_arg_stack.top
+            diagnostic :error, :circular_argument_reference,
+                       { :var_name => name.to_s }, node.loc.expression
+          end
+
+          node.updated(:lvar)
+        else
+          name, = *node
+          n(:send, [ nil, name ],
+            var_send_map(node))
+        end
+
+      else
+        node
+      end
+    end
+
+    def const(name_t)
+      n(:const, [ nil, value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        constant_map(nil, nil, name_t))
+    end
+
+    def const_global(t_colon3, name_t)
+      cbase = n0(:cbase, token_map(t_colon3))
+
+      n(:const, [ cbase, value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        constant_map(cbase, t_colon3, name_t))
+    end
+
+    def const_fetch(scope, t_colon2, name_t)
+      n(:const, [ scope, value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        constant_map(scope, t_colon2, name_t))
+    end
+
+    def __ENCODING__(__ENCODING__t)
+      n0(:__ENCODING__,
+        token_map(__ENCODING__t))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Assignment
+    #
+
+    def assignable(node)
+      case node.type
+      when :cvar
+        node.updated(:cvasgn)
+
+      when :ivar
+        node.updated(:ivasgn)
+
+      when :gvar
+        node.updated(:gvasgn)
+
+      when :const
+        unless @parser.context.dynamic_const_definition_allowed?
+          diagnostic :error, :dynamic_const, nil, node.loc.expression
+        end
+
+        node.updated(:casgn)
+
+      when :ident
+        name, = *node
+
+        var_name = node.children[0].to_s
+        name_loc = node.loc.expression
+
+        check_assignment_to_numparam(var_name, name_loc)
+        check_reserved_for_numparam(var_name, name_loc)
+
+        @parser.static_env.declare(name)
+
+        node.updated(:lvasgn)
+
+      when :nil, :self, :true, :false,
+           :__FILE__, :__LINE__, :__ENCODING__
+        diagnostic :error, :invalid_assignment, nil, node.loc.expression
+
+      when :back_ref, :nth_ref
+        diagnostic :error, :backref_assignment, nil, node.loc.expression
+      end
+    end
+
+    def const_op_assignable(node)
+      node.updated(:casgn)
+    end
+
+    def assign(lhs, eql_t, rhs)
+      (lhs << rhs).updated(nil, nil,
+        :location => lhs.loc.
+          with_operator(loc(eql_t)).
+          with_expression(join_exprs(lhs, rhs)))
+    end
+
+    def op_assign(lhs, op_t, rhs)
+      case lhs.type
+      when :gvasgn, :ivasgn, :lvasgn, :cvasgn, :casgn, :send, :csend, :index
+        operator   = value(op_t)[0..-1].to_sym
+        source_map = lhs.loc.
+                        with_operator(loc(op_t)).
+                        with_expression(join_exprs(lhs, rhs))
+
+        if lhs.type  == :index
+          lhs = lhs.updated(:indexasgn)
+        end
+
+        case operator
+        when :'&&'
+          n(:and_asgn, [ lhs, rhs ], source_map)
+        when :'||'
+          n(:or_asgn, [ lhs, rhs ], source_map)
+        else
+          n(:op_asgn, [ lhs, operator, rhs ], source_map)
+        end
+
+      when :back_ref, :nth_ref
+        diagnostic :error, :backref_assignment, nil, lhs.loc.expression
+      end
+    end
+
+    def multi_lhs(begin_t, items, end_t)
+      n(:mlhs, [ *items ],
+        collection_map(begin_t, items, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def multi_assign(lhs, eql_t, rhs)
+      n(:masgn, [ lhs, rhs ],
+        binary_op_map(lhs, eql_t, rhs))
+    end
+
+    def rassign(lhs, assoc_t, rhs)
+      assign(rhs, assoc_t, lhs)
+    end
+
+    def multi_rassign(lhs, assoc_t, rhs)
+      multi_assign(rhs, assoc_t, lhs)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Class and module definition
+    #
+
+    def def_class(class_t, name,
+                  lt_t, superclass,
+                  body, end_t)
+      n(:class, [ name, superclass, body ],
+        module_definition_map(class_t, name, lt_t, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def def_sclass(class_t, lshft_t, expr,
+                   body, end_t)
+      n(:sclass, [ expr, body ],
+        module_definition_map(class_t, nil, lshft_t, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def def_module(module_t, name,
+                   body, end_t)
+      n(:module, [ name, body ],
+        module_definition_map(module_t, name, nil, end_t))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Method (un)definition
+    #
+
+    def def_method(def_t, name_t, args,
+                   body, end_t)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:def, [ value(name_t).to_sym, args, body ],
+        definition_map(def_t, nil, name_t, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def def_endless_method(def_t, name_t, args,
+                           assignment_t, body)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:def, [ value(name_t).to_sym, args, body ],
+        endless_definition_map(def_t, nil, name_t, assignment_t, body))
+    end
+
+    def def_singleton(def_t, definee, dot_t,
+                      name_t, args,
+                      body, end_t)
+      validate_definee(definee)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:defs, [ definee, value(name_t).to_sym, args, body ],
+        definition_map(def_t, dot_t, name_t, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def def_endless_singleton(def_t, definee, dot_t,
+                              name_t, args,
+                              assignment_t, body)
+      validate_definee(definee)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:defs, [ definee, value(name_t).to_sym, args, body ],
+        endless_definition_map(def_t, dot_t, name_t, assignment_t, body))
+    end
+
+    def undef_method(undef_t, names)
+      n(:undef, [ *names ],
+        keyword_map(undef_t, nil, names, nil))
+    end
+
+    def alias(alias_t, to, from)
+      n(:alias, [ to, from ],
+        keyword_map(alias_t, nil, [to, from], nil))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Formal arguments
+    #
+
+    def args(begin_t, args, end_t, check_args=true)
+      args = check_duplicate_args(args) if check_args
+      n(:args, args,
+        collection_map(begin_t, args, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def numargs(max_numparam)
+      n(:numargs, [ max_numparam ], nil)
+    end
+
+    def forward_only_args(begin_t, dots_t, end_t)
+      if self.class.emit_forward_arg
+        arg = forward_arg(dots_t)
+        n(:args, [ arg ],
+          collection_map(begin_t, [ arg ], end_t))
+      else
+        n(:forward_args, [], collection_map(begin_t, token_map(dots_t), end_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def forward_arg(dots_t)
+      n(:forward_arg, [], token_map(dots_t))
+    end
+
+    def arg(name_t)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:arg, [ value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        variable_map(name_t))
+    end
+
+    def optarg(name_t, eql_t, value)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:optarg, [ value(name_t).to_sym, value ],
+        variable_map(name_t).
+          with_operator(loc(eql_t)).
+          with_expression(loc(name_t).join(value.loc.expression)))
+    end
+
+    def restarg(star_t, name_t=nil)
+      if name_t
+        check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+        n(:restarg, [ value(name_t).to_sym ],
+          arg_prefix_map(star_t, name_t))
+      else
+        n0(:restarg,
+          arg_prefix_map(star_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def kwarg(name_t)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:kwarg, [ value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        kwarg_map(name_t))
+    end
+
+    def kwoptarg(name_t, value)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:kwoptarg, [ value(name_t).to_sym, value ],
+        kwarg_map(name_t, value))
+    end
+
+    def kwrestarg(dstar_t, name_t=nil)
+      if name_t
+        check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+        n(:kwrestarg, [ value(name_t).to_sym ],
+          arg_prefix_map(dstar_t, name_t))
+      else
+        n0(:kwrestarg,
+          arg_prefix_map(dstar_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def kwnilarg(dstar_t, nil_t)
+      n0(:kwnilarg,
+        arg_prefix_map(dstar_t, nil_t))
+    end
+
+    def shadowarg(name_t)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:shadowarg, [ value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        variable_map(name_t))
+    end
+
+    def blockarg(amper_t, name_t)
+      check_reserved_for_numparam(value(name_t), loc(name_t))
+
+      n(:blockarg, [ value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        arg_prefix_map(amper_t, name_t))
+    end
+
+    def procarg0(arg)
+      if self.class.emit_procarg0
+        if arg.type == :arg && self.class.emit_arg_inside_procarg0
+          n(:procarg0, [ arg ],
+            Source::Map::Collection.new(nil, nil, arg.location.expression))
+        else
+          arg.updated(:procarg0)
+        end
+      else
+        arg
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Ruby 1.8 block arguments
+
+    def arg_expr(expr)
+      if expr.type == :lvasgn
+        expr.updated(:arg)
+      else
+        n(:arg_expr, [ expr ],
+          expr.loc.dup)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def restarg_expr(star_t, expr=nil)
+      if expr.nil?
+        n0(:restarg, token_map(star_t))
+      elsif expr.type == :lvasgn
+        expr.updated(:restarg)
+      else
+        n(:restarg_expr, [ expr ],
+          expr.loc.dup)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def blockarg_expr(amper_t, expr)
+      if expr.type == :lvasgn
+        expr.updated(:blockarg)
+      else
+        n(:blockarg_expr, [ expr ],
+          expr.loc.dup)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # MacRuby Objective-C arguments
+
+    def objc_kwarg(kwname_t, assoc_t, name_t)
+      kwname_l = loc(kwname_t)
+      if assoc_t.nil? # a: b, not a => b
+        kwname_l   = kwname_l.resize(kwname_l.size - 1)
+        operator_l = kwname_l.end.resize(1)
+      else
+        operator_l = loc(assoc_t)
+      end
+
+      n(:objc_kwarg, [ value(kwname_t).to_sym, value(name_t).to_sym ],
+        Source::Map::ObjcKwarg.new(kwname_l, operator_l, loc(name_t),
+                                   kwname_l.join(loc(name_t))))
+    end
+
+    def objc_restarg(star_t, name=nil)
+      if name.nil?
+        n0(:restarg, arg_prefix_map(star_t))
+      elsif name.type == :arg # regular restarg
+        name.updated(:restarg, nil,
+          { :location => name.loc.with_operator(loc(star_t)) })
+      else # restarg with objc_kwarg inside
+        n(:objc_restarg, [ name ],
+          unary_op_map(star_t, name))
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Method calls
+    #
+
+    def call_type_for_dot(dot_t)
+      if !dot_t.nil? && value(dot_t) == :anddot
+        :csend
+      else
+        # This case is a bit tricky. ruby23.y returns the token tDOT with
+        # the value :dot, and the token :tANDDOT with the value :anddot.
+        #
+        # But, ruby{18..22}.y (which unconditionally expect tDOT) just
+        # return "." there, since they are to be kept close to the corresponding
+        # Ruby MRI grammars.
+        #
+        # Thankfully, we don't have to care.
+        :send
+      end
+    end
+
+    def forwarded_args(dots_t)
+      n(:forwarded_args, [], token_map(dots_t))
+    end
+
+    def call_method(receiver, dot_t, selector_t,
+                    lparen_t=nil, args=[], rparen_t=nil)
+      type = call_type_for_dot(dot_t)
+      if selector_t.nil?
+        n(type, [ receiver, :call, *args ],
+          send_map(receiver, dot_t, nil, lparen_t, args, rparen_t))
+      else
+        n(type, [ receiver, value(selector_t).to_sym, *args ],
+          send_map(receiver, dot_t, selector_t, lparen_t, args, rparen_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def call_lambda(lambda_t)
+      if self.class.emit_lambda
+        n0(:lambda, expr_map(loc(lambda_t)))
+      else
+        n(:send, [ nil, :lambda ],
+          send_map(nil, nil, lambda_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def block(method_call, begin_t, args, body, end_t)
+      _receiver, _selector, *call_args = *method_call
+
+      if method_call.type == :yield
+        diagnostic :error, :block_given_to_yield, nil, method_call.loc.keyword, [loc(begin_t)]
+      end
+
+      last_arg = call_args.last
+      if last_arg && (last_arg.type == :block_pass || last_arg.type == :forwarded_args)
+        diagnostic :error, :block_and_blockarg, nil, last_arg.loc.expression, [loc(begin_t)]
+      end
+
+      if args.type == :numargs
+        block_type = :numblock
+        args = args.children[0]
+      else
+        block_type = :block
+      end
+
+      if [:send, :csend, :index, :super, :zsuper, :lambda].include?(method_call.type)
+        n(block_type, [ method_call, args, body ],
+          block_map(method_call.loc.expression, begin_t, end_t))
+      else
+        # Code like "return foo 1 do end" is reduced in a weird sequence.
+        # Here, method_call is actually (return).
+        actual_send, = *method_call
+        block =
+          n(block_type, [ actual_send, args, body ],
+            block_map(actual_send.loc.expression, begin_t, end_t))
+
+        n(method_call.type, [ block ],
+          method_call.loc.with_expression(join_exprs(method_call, block)))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def block_pass(amper_t, arg)
+      n(:block_pass, [ arg ],
+        unary_op_map(amper_t, arg))
+    end
+
+    def objc_varargs(pair, rest_of_varargs)
+      value, first_vararg = *pair
+      vararg_array = array(nil, [ first_vararg, *rest_of_varargs ], nil).
+        updated(:objc_varargs)
+      pair.updated(nil, [ value, vararg_array ],
+        { :location => pair.loc.with_expression(
+              pair.loc.expression.join(vararg_array.loc.expression)) })
+    end
+
+    def attr_asgn(receiver, dot_t, selector_t)
+      method_name = (value(selector_t) + '=').to_sym
+      type = call_type_for_dot(dot_t)
+
+      # Incomplete method call.
+      n(type, [ receiver, method_name ],
+        send_map(receiver, dot_t, selector_t))
+    end
+
+    def index(receiver, lbrack_t, indexes, rbrack_t)
+      if self.class.emit_index
+        n(:index, [ receiver, *indexes ],
+          index_map(receiver, lbrack_t, rbrack_t))
+      else
+        n(:send, [ receiver, :[], *indexes ],
+          send_index_map(receiver, lbrack_t, rbrack_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def index_asgn(receiver, lbrack_t, indexes, rbrack_t)
+      if self.class.emit_index
+        n(:indexasgn, [ receiver, *indexes ],
+          index_map(receiver, lbrack_t, rbrack_t))
+      else
+        # Incomplete method call.
+        n(:send, [ receiver, :[]=, *indexes ],
+          send_index_map(receiver, lbrack_t, rbrack_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def binary_op(receiver, operator_t, arg)
+      source_map = send_binary_op_map(receiver, operator_t, arg)
+
+      if @parser.version == 18
+        operator = value(operator_t)
+
+        if operator == '!='
+          method_call = n(:send, [ receiver, :==, arg ], source_map)
+        elsif operator == '!~'
+          method_call = n(:send, [ receiver, :=~, arg ], source_map)
+        end
+
+        if %w(!= !~).include?(operator)
+          return n(:not, [ method_call ],
+                   expr_map(source_map.expression))
+        end
+      end
+
+      n(:send, [ receiver, value(operator_t).to_sym, arg ],
+        source_map)
+    end
+
+    def match_op(receiver, match_t, arg)
+      source_map = send_binary_op_map(receiver, match_t, arg)
+
+      if (regexp = static_regexp_node(receiver))
+        regexp.names.each do |name|
+          @parser.static_env.declare(name)
+        end
+
+        n(:match_with_lvasgn, [ receiver, arg ],
+          source_map)
+      else
+        n(:send, [ receiver, :=~, arg ],
+          source_map)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def unary_op(op_t, receiver)
+      case value(op_t)
+      when '+', '-'
+        method = value(op_t) + '@'
+      else
+        method = value(op_t)
+      end
+
+      n(:send, [ receiver, method.to_sym ],
+        send_unary_op_map(op_t, receiver))
+    end
+
+    def not_op(not_t, begin_t=nil, receiver=nil, end_t=nil)
+      if @parser.version == 18
+        n(:not, [ check_condition(receiver) ],
+          unary_op_map(not_t, receiver))
+      else
+        if receiver.nil?
+          nil_node = n0(:begin, collection_map(begin_t, nil, end_t))
+
+          n(:send, [
+            nil_node, :'!'
+          ], send_unary_op_map(not_t, nil_node))
+        else
+          n(:send, [ check_condition(receiver), :'!' ],
+            send_map(nil, nil, not_t, begin_t, [receiver], end_t))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Control flow
+    #
+
+    # Logical operations: and, or
+
+    def logical_op(type, lhs, op_t, rhs)
+      n(type, [ lhs, rhs ],
+        binary_op_map(lhs, op_t, rhs))
+    end
+
+    # Conditionals
+
+    def condition(cond_t, cond, then_t,
+                  if_true, else_t, if_false, end_t)
+      n(:if, [ check_condition(cond), if_true, if_false ],
+        condition_map(cond_t, cond, then_t, if_true, else_t, if_false, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def condition_mod(if_true, if_false, cond_t, cond)
+      n(:if, [ check_condition(cond), if_true, if_false ],
+        keyword_mod_map(if_true || if_false, cond_t, cond))
+    end
+
+    def ternary(cond, question_t, if_true, colon_t, if_false)
+      n(:if, [ check_condition(cond), if_true, if_false ],
+        ternary_map(cond, question_t, if_true, colon_t, if_false))
+    end
+
+    # Case matching
+
+    def when(when_t, patterns, then_t, body)
+      children = patterns << body
+      n(:when, children,
+        keyword_map(when_t, then_t, children, nil))
+    end
+
+    def case(case_t, expr, when_bodies, else_t, else_body, end_t)
+      n(:case, [ expr, *(when_bodies << else_body)],
+        condition_map(case_t, expr, nil, nil, else_t, else_body, end_t))
+    end
+
+    # Loops
+
+    def loop(type, keyword_t, cond, do_t, body, end_t)
+      n(type, [ check_condition(cond), body ],
+        keyword_map(keyword_t, do_t, nil, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def loop_mod(type, body, keyword_t, cond)
+      if body.type == :kwbegin
+        type = :"#{type}_post"
+      end
+
+      n(type, [ check_condition(cond), body ],
+        keyword_mod_map(body, keyword_t, cond))
+    end
+
+    def for(for_t, iterator, in_t, iteratee,
+            do_t, body, end_t)
+      n(:for, [ iterator, iteratee, body ],
+        for_map(for_t, in_t, do_t, end_t))
+    end
+
+    # Keywords
+
+    def keyword_cmd(type, keyword_t, lparen_t=nil, args=[], rparen_t=nil)
+      if type == :yield && args.count > 0
+        last_arg = args.last
+        if last_arg.type == :block_pass
+          diagnostic :error, :block_given_to_yield, nil, loc(keyword_t), [last_arg.loc.expression]
+        end
+      end
+
+      n(type, args,
+        keyword_map(keyword_t, lparen_t, args, rparen_t))
+    end
+
+    # BEGIN, END
+
+    def preexe(preexe_t, lbrace_t, compstmt, rbrace_t)
+      n(:preexe, [ compstmt ],
+        keyword_map(preexe_t, lbrace_t, [], rbrace_t))
+    end
+
+    def postexe(postexe_t, lbrace_t, compstmt, rbrace_t)
+      n(:postexe, [ compstmt ],
+        keyword_map(postexe_t, lbrace_t, [], rbrace_t))
+    end
+
+    # Exception handling
+
+    def rescue_body(rescue_t,
+                    exc_list, assoc_t, exc_var,
+                    then_t, compound_stmt)
+      n(:resbody, [ exc_list, exc_var, compound_stmt ],
+        rescue_body_map(rescue_t, exc_list, assoc_t,
+                        exc_var, then_t, compound_stmt))
+    end
+
+    def begin_body(compound_stmt, rescue_bodies=[],
+                   else_t=nil,    else_=nil,
+                   ensure_t=nil,  ensure_=nil)
+      if rescue_bodies.any?
+        if else_t
+          compound_stmt =
+            n(:rescue,
+              [ compound_stmt, *(rescue_bodies + [ else_ ]) ],
+              eh_keyword_map(compound_stmt, nil, rescue_bodies, else_t, else_))
+        else
+          compound_stmt =
+            n(:rescue,
+              [ compound_stmt, *(rescue_bodies + [ nil ]) ],
+              eh_keyword_map(compound_stmt, nil, rescue_bodies, nil, nil))
+        end
+      elsif else_t
+        statements = []
+        if !compound_stmt.nil?
+          if compound_stmt.type == :begin
+            statements += compound_stmt.children
+          else
+            statements.push(compound_stmt)
+          end
+        end
+        statements.push(
+          n(:begin, [ else_ ],
+            collection_map(else_t, [ else_ ], nil)))
+        compound_stmt =
+          n(:begin, statements,
+            collection_map(nil, statements, nil))
+      end
+
+      if ensure_t
+        compound_stmt =
+          n(:ensure,
+            [ compound_stmt, ensure_ ],
+            eh_keyword_map(compound_stmt, ensure_t, [ ensure_ ], nil, nil))
+      end
+
+      compound_stmt
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Expression grouping
+    #
+
+    def compstmt(statements)
+      case
+      when statements.none?
+        nil
+      when statements.one?
+        statements.first
+      else
+        n(:begin, statements,
+          collection_map(nil, statements, nil))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def begin(begin_t, body, end_t)
+      if body.nil?
+        # A nil expression: `()'.
+        n0(:begin,
+          collection_map(begin_t, nil, end_t))
+      elsif body.type == :mlhs  ||
+           (body.type == :begin &&
+            body.loc.begin.nil? && body.loc.end.nil?)
+        # Synthesized (begin) from compstmt "a; b" or (mlhs)
+        # from multi_lhs "(a, b) = *foo".
+        n(body.type, body.children,
+          collection_map(begin_t, body.children, end_t))
+      else
+        n(:begin, [ body ],
+          collection_map(begin_t, [ body ], end_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def begin_keyword(begin_t, body, end_t)
+      if body.nil?
+        # A nil expression: `begin end'.
+        n0(:kwbegin,
+          collection_map(begin_t, nil, end_t))
+      elsif (body.type == :begin &&
+             body.loc.begin.nil? && body.loc.end.nil?)
+        # Synthesized (begin) from compstmt "a; b".
+        n(:kwbegin, body.children,
+          collection_map(begin_t, body.children, end_t))
+      else
+        n(:kwbegin, [ body ],
+          collection_map(begin_t, [ body ], end_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # PATTERN MATCHING
+    #
+
+    def case_match(case_t, expr, in_bodies, else_t, else_body, end_t)
+      else_body = n(:empty_else, nil, token_map(else_t)) if else_t && !else_body
+      n(:case_match, [ expr, *(in_bodies << else_body)],
+        condition_map(case_t, expr, nil, nil, else_t, else_body, end_t))
+    end
+
+    def in_match(lhs, in_t, rhs)
+      n(:in_match, [lhs, rhs],
+        binary_op_map(lhs, in_t, rhs))
+    end
+
+    def in_pattern(in_t, pattern, guard, then_t, body)
+      children = [pattern, guard, body]
+      n(:in_pattern, children,
+        keyword_map(in_t, then_t, children.compact, nil))
+    end
+
+    def if_guard(if_t, if_body)
+      n(:if_guard, [if_body], guard_map(if_t, if_body))
+    end
+
+    def unless_guard(unless_t, unless_body)
+      n(:unless_guard, [unless_body], guard_map(unless_t, unless_body))
+    end
+
+    def match_var(name_t)
+      name = value(name_t).to_sym
+      name_l = loc(name_t)
+
+      check_lvar_name(name, name_l)
+      check_duplicate_pattern_variable(name, name_l)
+      @parser.static_env.declare(name)
+
+      n(:match_var, [ name ],
+        variable_map(name_t))
+    end
+
+    def match_hash_var(name_t)
+      name = value(name_t).to_sym
+
+      expr_l = loc(name_t)
+      name_l = expr_l.adjust(end_pos: -1)
+
+      check_lvar_name(name, name_l)
+      check_duplicate_pattern_variable(name, name_l)
+      @parser.static_env.declare(name)
+
+      n(:match_var, [ name ],
+        Source::Map::Variable.new(name_l, expr_l))
+    end
+
+    def match_hash_var_from_str(begin_t, strings, end_t)
+      if strings.length > 1
+        diagnostic :error, :pm_interp_in_var_name, nil, loc(begin_t).join(loc(end_t))
+      end
+
+      string = strings[0]
+
+      case string.type
+      when :str
+        # MRI supports plain strings in hash pattern matching
+        name, = *string
+        name_l = string.loc.expression
+
+        check_lvar_name(name, name_l)
+        check_duplicate_pattern_variable(name, name_l)
+
+        @parser.static_env.declare(name)
+
+        if (begin_l = string.loc.begin)
+          # exclude beginning of the string from the location of the variable
+          name_l = name_l.adjust(begin_pos: begin_l.length)
+        end
+
+        if (end_l = string.loc.end)
+          # exclude end of the string from the location of the variable
+          name_l = name_l.adjust(end_pos: -end_l.length)
+        end
+
+        expr_l = loc(begin_t).join(string.loc.expression).join(loc(end_t))
+        n(:match_var, [ name.to_sym ],
+          Source::Map::Variable.new(name_l, expr_l))
+      when :begin
+        match_hash_var_from_str(begin_t, string.children, end_t)
+      else
+        # we only can get here if there is an interpolation, e.g., ``in "#{ a }":`
+        diagnostic :error, :pm_interp_in_var_name, nil, loc(begin_t).join(loc(end_t))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def match_rest(star_t, name_t = nil)
+      if name_t.nil?
+        n0(:match_rest,
+          unary_op_map(star_t))
+      else
+        name = match_var(name_t)
+        n(:match_rest, [ name ],
+          unary_op_map(star_t, name))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def hash_pattern(lbrace_t, kwargs, rbrace_t)
+      args = check_duplicate_args(kwargs)
+      n(:hash_pattern, args,
+        collection_map(lbrace_t, args, rbrace_t))
+    end
+
+    def array_pattern(lbrack_t, elements, rbrack_t)
+      return n(:array_pattern, nil, collection_map(lbrack_t, [], rbrack_t)) if elements.nil?
+
+      trailing_comma = false
+
+      node_elements = elements.map do |element|
+        if element.type == :match_with_trailing_comma
+          trailing_comma = true
+          element.children.first
+        else
+          trailing_comma = false
+          element
+        end
+      end
+
+      node_type = trailing_comma ? :array_pattern_with_tail : :array_pattern
+
+      n(node_type, node_elements,
+        collection_map(lbrack_t, elements, rbrack_t))
+    end
+
+    def find_pattern(lbrack_t, elements, rbrack_t)
+      n(:find_pattern, elements,
+        collection_map(lbrack_t, elements, rbrack_t))
+    end
+
+    def match_with_trailing_comma(match, comma_t)
+      n(:match_with_trailing_comma, [ match ], expr_map(match.loc.expression.join(loc(comma_t))))
+    end
+
+    def const_pattern(const, ldelim_t, pattern, rdelim_t)
+      n(:const_pattern, [const, pattern],
+        Source::Map::Collection.new(
+          loc(ldelim_t), loc(rdelim_t),
+          const.loc.expression.join(loc(rdelim_t))
+        )
+      )
+    end
+
+    def pin(pin_t, var)
+      n(:pin, [ var ],
+        send_unary_op_map(pin_t, var))
+    end
+
+    def match_alt(left, pipe_t, right)
+      source_map = binary_op_map(left, pipe_t, right)
+
+      n(:match_alt, [ left, right ],
+        source_map)
+    end
+
+    def match_as(value, assoc_t, as)
+      source_map = binary_op_map(value, assoc_t, as)
+
+      n(:match_as, [ value, as ],
+        source_map)
+    end
+
+    def match_nil_pattern(dstar_t, nil_t)
+      n0(:match_nil_pattern,
+        arg_prefix_map(dstar_t, nil_t))
+    end
+
+    def match_pair(label_type, label, value)
+      if label_type == :label
+        check_duplicate_pattern_key(label[0], label[1])
+        pair_keyword(label, value)
+      else
+        begin_t, parts, end_t = label
+        label_loc = loc(begin_t).join(loc(end_t))
+
+        # quoted label like "label": value
+        if (var_name = static_string(parts))
+          check_duplicate_pattern_key(var_name, label_loc)
+        else
+          diagnostic :error, :pm_interp_in_var_name, nil, label_loc
+        end
+
+        pair_quoted(begin_t, parts, end_t, value)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def match_label(label_type, label)
+      if label_type == :label
+        match_hash_var(label)
+      else
+        # quoted label like "label": value
+        begin_t, strings, end_t = label
+        match_hash_var_from_str(begin_t, strings, end_t)
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    #
+    # VERIFICATION
+    #
+
+    def check_condition(cond)
+      case cond.type
+      when :masgn
+        if @parser.version <= 23
+          diagnostic :error, :masgn_as_condition, nil, cond.loc.expression
+        else
+          cond
+        end
+
+      when :begin
+        if cond.children.count == 1
+          cond.updated(nil, [
+            check_condition(cond.children.last)
+          ])
+        else
+          cond
+        end
+
+      when :and, :or, :irange, :erange
+        lhs, rhs = *cond
+
+        type = case cond.type
+        when :irange then :iflipflop
+        when :erange then :eflipflop
+        end
+
+        if [:and, :or].include?(cond.type) &&
+               @parser.version == 18
+          cond
+        else
+          cond.updated(type, [
+            check_condition(lhs),
+            check_condition(rhs)
+          ])
+        end
+
+      when :regexp
+        n(:match_current_line, [ cond ], expr_map(cond.loc.expression))
+
+      else
+        cond
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_duplicate_args(args, map={})
+      args.each do |this_arg|
+        case this_arg.type
+        when :arg, :optarg, :restarg, :blockarg,
+             :kwarg, :kwoptarg, :kwrestarg,
+             :shadowarg
+
+          check_duplicate_arg(this_arg, map)
+
+        when :procarg0
+
+          if this_arg.children[0].is_a?(Symbol)
+            # s(:procarg0, :a)
+            check_duplicate_arg(this_arg, map)
+          else
+            # s(:procarg0, s(:arg, :a), ...)
+            check_duplicate_args(this_arg.children, map)
+          end
+
+        when :mlhs
+          check_duplicate_args(this_arg.children, map)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_duplicate_arg(this_arg, map={})
+      this_name, = *this_arg
+
+      that_arg   = map[this_name]
+      that_name, = *that_arg
+
+      if that_arg.nil?
+        map[this_name] = this_arg
+      elsif arg_name_collides?(this_name, that_name)
+        diagnostic :error, :duplicate_argument, nil,
+                   this_arg.loc.name, [ that_arg.loc.name ]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_assignment_to_numparam(name, loc)
+      # MRI < 2.7 treats numbered parameters as regular variables
+      # and so it's allowed to perform assignments like `_1 = 42`.
+      return if @parser.version < 27
+
+      assigning_to_numparam =
+        @parser.context.in_dynamic_block? &&
+        name =~ /\A_([1-9])\z/ &&
+        @parser.max_numparam_stack.has_numparams?
+
+      if assigning_to_numparam
+        diagnostic :error, :cant_assign_to_numparam, { :name => name }, loc
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_reserved_for_numparam(name, loc)
+      # MRI < 3.0 accepts assignemnt to variables like _1
+      # if it's not a numbererd parameter. MRI 3.0 and newer throws an error.
+      return if @parser.version < 30
+
+      if name =~ /\A_([1-9])\z/
+        diagnostic :error, :reserved_for_numparam, { :name => name }, loc
+      end
+    end
+
+    def arg_name_collides?(this_name, that_name)
+      case @parser.version
+      when 18
+        this_name == that_name
+      when 19
+        # Ignore underscore.
+        this_name != :_ &&
+          this_name == that_name
+      else
+        # Ignore everything beginning with underscore.
+        this_name && this_name[0] != '_' &&
+          this_name == that_name
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_lvar_name(name, loc)
+      if name =~ /\A[[[:lower:]]|_][[[:alnum:]]_]*\z/
+        # OK
+      else
+        diagnostic :error, :lvar_name, { name: name }, loc
+      end
+    end
+
+    def check_duplicate_pattern_variable(name, loc)
+      return if name.to_s.start_with?('_')
+
+      if @parser.pattern_variables.declared?(name)
+        diagnostic :error, :duplicate_variable_name, { name: name.to_s }, loc
+      end
+
+      @parser.pattern_variables.declare(name)
+    end
+
+    def check_duplicate_pattern_key(name, loc)
+      if @parser.pattern_hash_keys.declared?(name)
+        diagnostic :error, :duplicate_pattern_key, { name: name.to_s }, loc
+      end
+
+      @parser.pattern_hash_keys.declare(name)
+    end
+
+    #
+    # SOURCE MAPS
+    #
+
+    def n(type, children, source_map)
+      AST::Node.new(type, children, :location => source_map)
+    end
+
+    def n0(type, source_map)
+      n(type, [], source_map)
+    end
+
+    def join_exprs(left_expr, right_expr)
+      left_expr.loc.expression.
+        join(right_expr.loc.expression)
+    end
+
+    def token_map(token)
+      Source::Map.new(loc(token))
+    end
+
+    def delimited_string_map(string_t)
+      str_range = loc(string_t)
+
+      begin_l = str_range.with(end_pos: str_range.begin_pos + 1)
+
+      end_l   = str_range.with(begin_pos: str_range.end_pos - 1)
+
+      Source::Map::Collection.new(begin_l, end_l,
+                                  loc(string_t))
+    end
+
+    def prefix_string_map(symbol)
+      str_range = loc(symbol)
+
+      begin_l = str_range.with(end_pos: str_range.begin_pos + 1)
+
+      Source::Map::Collection.new(begin_l, nil,
+                                  loc(symbol))
+    end
+
+    def unquoted_map(token)
+      Source::Map::Collection.new(nil, nil,
+                                  loc(token))
+    end
+
+    def pair_keyword_map(key_t, value_e)
+      key_range = loc(key_t)
+
+      key_l   = key_range.adjust(end_pos: -1)
+
+      colon_l = key_range.with(begin_pos: key_range.end_pos - 1)
+
+      [ # key map
+        Source::Map::Collection.new(nil, nil,
+                                    key_l),
+        # pair map
+        Source::Map::Operator.new(colon_l,
+                                  key_range.join(value_e.loc.expression)) ]
+    end
+
+    def pair_quoted_map(begin_t, end_t, value_e)
+      end_l = loc(end_t)
+
+      quote_l = end_l.with(begin_pos: end_l.end_pos - 2,
+                           end_pos: end_l.end_pos - 1)
+
+      colon_l = end_l.with(begin_pos: end_l.end_pos - 1)
+
+      [ # modified end token
+        [ value(end_t), quote_l ],
+        # pair map
+        Source::Map::Operator.new(colon_l,
+                                  loc(begin_t).join(value_e.loc.expression)) ]
+    end
+
+    def expr_map(loc)
+      Source::Map.new(loc)
+    end
+
+    def collection_map(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      if begin_t.nil? || end_t.nil?
+        if parts.any?
+          expr_l = join_exprs(parts.first, parts.last)
+        elsif !begin_t.nil?
+          expr_l = loc(begin_t)
+        elsif !end_t.nil?
+          expr_l = loc(end_t)
+        end
+      else
+        expr_l = loc(begin_t).join(loc(end_t))
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Collection.new(loc(begin_t), loc(end_t), expr_l)
+    end
+
+    def string_map(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      if begin_t && value(begin_t).start_with?('<<')
+        if parts.any?
+          expr_l = join_exprs(parts.first, parts.last)
+        else
+          expr_l = loc(end_t).begin
+        end
+
+        Source::Map::Heredoc.new(loc(begin_t), expr_l, loc(end_t))
+      else
+        collection_map(begin_t, parts, end_t)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def regexp_map(begin_t, end_t, options_e)
+      Source::Map::Collection.new(loc(begin_t), loc(end_t),
+                                  loc(begin_t).join(options_e.loc.expression))
+    end
+
+    def constant_map(scope, colon2_t, name_t)
+      if scope.nil?
+        expr_l = loc(name_t)
+      else
+        expr_l = scope.loc.expression.join(loc(name_t))
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Constant.new(loc(colon2_t), loc(name_t), expr_l)
+    end
+
+    def variable_map(name_t)
+      Source::Map::Variable.new(loc(name_t))
+    end
+
+    def binary_op_map(left_e, op_t, right_e)
+      Source::Map::Operator.new(loc(op_t), join_exprs(left_e, right_e))
+    end
+
+    def unary_op_map(op_t, arg_e=nil)
+      if arg_e.nil?
+        expr_l = loc(op_t)
+      else
+        expr_l = loc(op_t).join(arg_e.loc.expression)
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Operator.new(loc(op_t), expr_l)
+    end
+
+    def range_map(start_e, op_t, end_e)
+      if start_e && end_e
+        expr_l = join_exprs(start_e, end_e)
+      elsif start_e
+        expr_l = start_e.loc.expression.join(loc(op_t))
+      elsif end_e
+        expr_l = loc(op_t).join(end_e.loc.expression)
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Operator.new(loc(op_t), expr_l)
+    end
+
+    def arg_prefix_map(op_t, name_t=nil)
+      if name_t.nil?
+        expr_l = loc(op_t)
+      else
+        expr_l = loc(op_t).join(loc(name_t))
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Variable.new(loc(name_t), expr_l)
+    end
+
+    def kwarg_map(name_t, value_e=nil)
+      label_range = loc(name_t)
+      name_range  = label_range.adjust(end_pos: -1)
+
+      if value_e
+        expr_l = loc(name_t).join(value_e.loc.expression)
+      else
+        expr_l = loc(name_t)
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Variable.new(name_range, expr_l)
+    end
+
+    def module_definition_map(keyword_t, name_e, operator_t, end_t)
+      if name_e
+        name_l = name_e.loc.expression
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Definition.new(loc(keyword_t),
+                                  loc(operator_t), name_l,
+                                  loc(end_t))
+    end
+
+    def definition_map(keyword_t, operator_t, name_t, end_t)
+      Source::Map::MethodDefinition.new(loc(keyword_t),
+                                        loc(operator_t), loc(name_t),
+                                        loc(end_t), nil, nil)
+    end
+
+    def endless_definition_map(keyword_t, operator_t, name_t, assignment_t, body_e)
+      body_l = body_e.loc.expression
+
+      Source::Map::MethodDefinition.new(loc(keyword_t),
+                                        loc(operator_t), loc(name_t), nil,
+                                        loc(assignment_t), body_l)
+    end
+
+    def send_map(receiver_e, dot_t, selector_t, begin_t=nil, args=[], end_t=nil)
+      if receiver_e
+        begin_l = receiver_e.loc.expression
+      elsif selector_t
+        begin_l = loc(selector_t)
+      end
+
+      if end_t
+        end_l   = loc(end_t)
+      elsif args.any?
+        end_l   = args.last.loc.expression
+      elsif selector_t
+        end_l   = loc(selector_t)
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Send.new(loc(dot_t),   loc(selector_t),
+                            loc(begin_t), loc(end_t),
+                            begin_l.join(end_l))
+    end
+
+    def var_send_map(variable_e)
+      Source::Map::Send.new(nil, variable_e.loc.expression,
+                            nil, nil,
+                            variable_e.loc.expression)
+    end
+
+    def send_binary_op_map(lhs_e, selector_t, rhs_e)
+      Source::Map::Send.new(nil, loc(selector_t),
+                            nil, nil,
+                            join_exprs(lhs_e, rhs_e))
+    end
+
+    def send_unary_op_map(selector_t, arg_e)
+      if arg_e.nil?
+        expr_l = loc(selector_t)
+      else
+        expr_l = loc(selector_t).join(arg_e.loc.expression)
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Send.new(nil, loc(selector_t),
+                            nil, nil,
+                            expr_l)
+    end
+
+    def index_map(receiver_e, lbrack_t, rbrack_t)
+      Source::Map::Index.new(loc(lbrack_t), loc(rbrack_t),
+                             receiver_e.loc.expression.join(loc(rbrack_t)))
+    end
+
+    def send_index_map(receiver_e, lbrack_t, rbrack_t)
+      Source::Map::Send.new(nil, loc(lbrack_t).join(loc(rbrack_t)),
+                            nil, nil,
+                            receiver_e.loc.expression.join(loc(rbrack_t)))
+    end
+
+    def block_map(receiver_l, begin_t, end_t)
+      Source::Map::Collection.new(loc(begin_t), loc(end_t),
+                                  receiver_l.join(loc(end_t)))
+    end
+
+    def keyword_map(keyword_t, begin_t, args, end_t)
+      args ||= []
+
+      if end_t
+        end_l = loc(end_t)
+      elsif args.any? && !args.last.nil?
+        end_l = args.last.loc.expression
+      elsif args.any? && args.count > 1
+        end_l = args[-2].loc.expression
+      else
+        end_l = loc(keyword_t)
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Keyword.new(loc(keyword_t), loc(begin_t), loc(end_t),
+                               loc(keyword_t).join(end_l))
+    end
+
+    def keyword_mod_map(pre_e, keyword_t, post_e)
+      Source::Map::Keyword.new(loc(keyword_t), nil, nil,
+                               join_exprs(pre_e, post_e))
+    end
+
+    def condition_map(keyword_t, cond_e, begin_t, body_e, else_t, else_e, end_t)
+      if end_t
+        end_l = loc(end_t)
+      elsif else_e && else_e.loc.expression
+        end_l = else_e.loc.expression
+      elsif loc(else_t)
+        end_l = loc(else_t)
+      elsif body_e && body_e.loc.expression
+        end_l = body_e.loc.expression
+      elsif loc(begin_t)
+        end_l = loc(begin_t)
+      else
+        end_l = cond_e.loc.expression
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Condition.new(loc(keyword_t),
+                                 loc(begin_t), loc(else_t), loc(end_t),
+                                 loc(keyword_t).join(end_l))
+    end
+
+    def ternary_map(begin_e, question_t, mid_e, colon_t, end_e)
+      Source::Map::Ternary.new(loc(question_t), loc(colon_t),
+                               join_exprs(begin_e, end_e))
+    end
+
+    def for_map(keyword_t, in_t, begin_t, end_t)
+      Source::Map::For.new(loc(keyword_t), loc(in_t),
+                           loc(begin_t), loc(end_t),
+                           loc(keyword_t).join(loc(end_t)))
+    end
+
+    def rescue_body_map(keyword_t, exc_list_e, assoc_t,
+                        exc_var_e, then_t,
+                        compstmt_e)
+      end_l = compstmt_e.loc.expression if compstmt_e
+      end_l = loc(then_t)               if end_l.nil? && then_t
+      end_l = exc_var_e.loc.expression  if end_l.nil? && exc_var_e
+      end_l = exc_list_e.loc.expression if end_l.nil? && exc_list_e
+      end_l = loc(keyword_t)            if end_l.nil?
+
+      Source::Map::RescueBody.new(loc(keyword_t), loc(assoc_t), loc(then_t),
+                                  loc(keyword_t).join(end_l))
+    end
+
+    def eh_keyword_map(compstmt_e, keyword_t, body_es,
+                       else_t, else_e)
+      if compstmt_e.nil?
+        if keyword_t.nil?
+          begin_l = body_es.first.loc.expression
+        else
+          begin_l = loc(keyword_t)
+        end
+      else
+        begin_l = compstmt_e.loc.expression
+      end
+
+      if else_t
+        if else_e.nil?
+          end_l = loc(else_t)
+        else
+          end_l = else_e.loc.expression
+        end
+      elsif !body_es.last.nil?
+        end_l = body_es.last.loc.expression
+      else
+        end_l = loc(keyword_t)
+      end
+
+      Source::Map::Condition.new(loc(keyword_t), nil, loc(else_t), nil,
+                                 begin_l.join(end_l))
+    end
+
+    def guard_map(keyword_t, guard_body_e)
+      keyword_l = loc(keyword_t)
+      guard_body_l = guard_body_e.loc.expression
+
+      Source::Map::Keyword.new(keyword_l, nil, nil, keyword_l.join(guard_body_l))
+    end
+
+    #
+    # HELPERS
+    #
+
+    # Extract a static string from e.g. a regular expression,
+    # honoring the fact that MRI expands interpolations like #{""}
+    # at parse time.
+    def static_string(nodes)
+      nodes.map do |node|
+        case node.type
+        when :str
+          node.children[0]
+        when :begin
+          if (string = static_string(node.children))
+            string
+          else
+            return nil
+          end
+        else
+          return nil
+        end
+      end.join
+    end
+
+    def static_regexp(parts, options)
+      source = static_string(parts)
+      return nil if source.nil?
+
+      source = case
+      when options.children.include?(:u)
+        source.encode(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      when options.children.include?(:e)
+        source.encode(Encoding::EUC_JP)
+      when options.children.include?(:s)
+        source.encode(Encoding::WINDOWS_31J)
+      when options.children.include?(:n)
+        source.encode(Encoding::BINARY)
+      else
+        source
+      end
+
+      Regexp.new(source, (Regexp::EXTENDED if options.children.include?(:x)))
+    end
+
+    def static_regexp_node(node)
+      if node.type == :regexp
+        parts, options = node.children[0..-2], node.children[-1]
+        static_regexp(parts, options)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def collapse_string_parts?(parts)
+      parts.one? &&
+          [:str, :dstr].include?(parts.first.type)
+    end
+
+    def value(token)
+      token[0]
+    end
+
+    def string_value(token)
+      unless token[0].valid_encoding?
+        diagnostic(:error, :invalid_encoding, nil, token[1])
+      end
+
+      token[0]
+    end
+
+    def loc(token)
+      # Pass through `nil`s and return nil for tNL.
+      token[1] if token && token[0]
+    end
+
+    def diagnostic(type, reason, arguments, location, highlights=[])
+      @parser.diagnostics.process(
+          Diagnostic.new(type, reason, arguments, location, highlights))
+
+      if type == :error
+        @parser.send :yyerror
+      end
+    end
+
+    def validate_definee(definee)
+      case definee.type
+      when :int, :str, :dstr, :sym, :dsym,
+           :regexp, :array, :hash
+
+        diagnostic :error, :singleton_literal, nil, definee.loc.expression
+        false
+      else
+        true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+end