piko-max-mod 0.0.1

data/test-unit-3.7.8/lib/test/unit/assertions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2536 @@
+# Author:: Nathaniel Talbott.
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Nathaniel Talbott. All rights reserved.
+#             Copyright (c) 2009-2013 Kouhei Sutou. All rights reserved.
+# License:: Ruby license.
+
+require_relative 'assertion-failed-error'
+require_relative 'util/backtracefilter'
+require_relative 'util/memory-usage'
+require_relative 'util/method-owner-finder'
+require_relative 'diff'
+
+module Test
+  module Unit
+
+    ##
+    # Test::Unit::Assertions contains the standard Test::Unit assertions.
+    # Assertions is included in Test::Unit::TestCase.
+    #
+    # To include it in your own code and use its functionality, you simply
+    # need to rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError. Additionally you may
+    # override add_assertion to get notified whenever an assertion is made.
+    #
+    # Notes:
+    #
+    # * The message to each assertion, if given, will be propagated with the
+    #   failure.
+    # * It is easy to add your own assertions based on assert_block().
+    #
+    # @example Example Custom Assertion
+    #
+    #   def deny(boolean, message=nil)
+    #     message = build_message(message, '<?> is not false or nil.', boolean)
+    #     assert_block(message) do
+    #       not boolean
+    #     end
+    #   end
+
+    module Assertions
+
+      ##
+      # The assertion upon which all other assertions are based. Passes if the
+      # block yields not false nor nil.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_block "Couldn't do the thing" do
+      #     do_the_thing
+      #   end
+      def assert_block(message="assert_block failed.")
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          if (! yield)
+            options = {}
+            if message.respond_to?(:user_message)
+              options[:user_message] = message.user_message
+            end
+            raise AssertionFailedError.new(message.to_s, options)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      NOT_SPECIFIED = Object.new
+
+      # @overload assert(object, message=nil)
+      #
+      #   Asserts that `object` is not false nor nil.
+      #
+      #   Normally, you don't need to use this assertion. Use more
+      #   specific assertions such as #assert_equal and
+      #   #assert_include.
+      #
+      #   @example Pass patterns
+      #     assert(true)               # => pass
+      #     assert([1, 2].include?(1)) # => pass
+      #
+      #   @example Failure patterns
+      #     assert(nil)                # => failure
+      #     assert(false)              # => failure
+      #     assert([1, 2].include?(5)) # => failure
+      #
+      #   @param [Object] object The check target.
+      #   @param [String] message The additional user message. It is
+      #     showed when the assertion is failed.
+      #   @return [void]
+      #
+      # @overload assert(message=nil) {}
+      #
+      #   Asserts that the givens block returns not false nor nil.
+      #
+      #   This style uses Power Assert. It means that you can see each
+      #   object values in method chains on failure. See the following
+      #   example about Power Assert.
+      #
+      #   @example Power Assert
+      #     coins = [1, 5, 50]
+      #     target_coin = 10
+      #     assert do
+      #       coins.include?(target_coin)
+      #     end
+      #     # =>
+      #     #  coins.include?(target_coin)
+      #     #  |     |        |
+      #     #  |     |        10
+      #     #  |     false
+      #     #  [1, 5, 50]
+      #
+      #   We recommend you to use Power Assert for predicate method
+      #   checks rather than existing assertions such as
+      #   #assert_include and #assert_predicate. Power Assert shows
+      #   useful message for debugging.
+      #
+      #   We don't recommend you use Power Assert for equality
+      #   check. You should use #assert_equal for the case. Because
+      #   #assert_equal shows more useful message for debugging.
+      #
+      #   @example Pass patterns
+      #     assert {true}               # => pass
+      #     assert {[1, 2].include?(1)} # => pass
+      #
+      #   @example Failure patterns
+      #     assert {nil}                # => failure
+      #     assert {false}              # => failure
+      #     assert {[1, 2].include?(5)} # => failure
+      #
+      #   @param [String] message The additional user message. It is
+      #     showed when the assertion is failed.
+      #   @yield [] Given no parameters to the block.
+      #   @yieldreturn [Object] The checked object.
+      #   @return [void]
+      def assert(object=NOT_SPECIFIED, message=nil, &block)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          have_object = !NOT_SPECIFIED.equal?(object)
+          if block
+            message = object if have_object
+            if defined?(PowerAssert)
+              PowerAssert.start(block, :assertion_method => __callee__) do |pa|
+                pa_message = AssertionMessage.delayed_literal(&pa.message_proc)
+                assertion_message = build_message(message, "?", pa_message)
+                assert_block(assertion_message) do
+                  pa.yield
+                end
+              end
+            else
+              assert(yield, message)
+            end
+          else
+            unless have_object
+              raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments (0 for 1..2)"
+            end
+            assertion_message = nil
+            case message
+            when nil, String, Proc
+            when AssertionMessage
+              assertion_message = message
+            else
+              error_message = "assertion message must be String, Proc or "
+              error_message += "#{AssertionMessage}: "
+              error_message += "<#{message.inspect}>(<#{message.class}>)"
+              raise ArgumentError, error_message, filter_backtrace(caller)
+            end
+            assertion_message ||= build_message(message,
+                                                "<?> is not true.",
+                                                object)
+            assert_block(assertion_message) do
+              object
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Asserts that `object` is false or nil.
+      #
+      # @note Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @param [Object] object The object to be asserted.
+      # @return [void]
+      #
+      # @example Pass patterns
+      #   refute(false)    # => pass
+      #   refute(nil)      # => pass
+      #
+      # @example Failure patterns
+      #   refute(true)     # => failure
+      #   refute("string") # => failure
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      def refute(object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assertion_message = nil
+          case message
+          when nil, String, Proc
+          when AssertionMessage
+            assertion_message = message
+          else
+            error_message = "assertion message must be String, Proc or "
+            error_message += "#{AssertionMessage}: "
+            error_message += "<#{message.inspect}>(<#{message.class}>)"
+            raise ArgumentError, error_message, filter_backtrace(caller)
+          end
+          assert_block("refute should not be called with a block.") do
+            !block_given?
+          end
+          assertion_message ||= build_message(message,
+                                              "<?> is neither nil or false.",
+                                              object)
+          assert_block(assertion_message) do
+            not object
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `expected` == `actual`.
+      #
+      # Note that the ordering of arguments is important, since a helpful
+      # error message is generated when this one fails that tells you the
+      # values of expected and actual.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_equal 'MY STRING', 'my string'.upcase
+      def assert_equal(expected, actual, message=nil)
+        diff = AssertionMessage.delayed_diff(expected, actual)
+        if expected.respond_to?(:encoding) and
+            actual.respond_to?(:encoding) and
+            expected.encoding != actual.encoding
+          format = <<EOT
+<?>(?) expected but was
+<?>(?).?
+EOT
+          full_message = build_message(message, format,
+                                       expected, expected.encoding.name,
+                                       actual, actual.encoding.name,
+                                       diff)
+        else
+          full_message = build_message(message, <<EOT, expected, actual, diff)
+<?> expected but was
+<?>.?
+EOT
+        end
+        begin
+          assert_block(full_message) { expected == actual }
+        rescue AssertionFailedError => failure
+          _set_failed_information(failure, expected, actual)
+          raise failure # For JRuby. :<
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if the block raises one of the expected
+      # exceptions. When an expected exception is an Exception
+      # object, passes if expected_exception == actual_exception.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_raise(RuntimeError, LoadError) do
+      #     raise 'Boom!!!'
+      #   end # -> pass
+      #
+      #   assert_raise do
+      #     raise Exception, 'Any exception should be raised!!!'
+      #   end # -> pass
+      #
+      #   assert_raise(RuntimeError.new("XXX")) {raise "XXX"} # -> pass
+      #   assert_raise(MyError.new("XXX"))      {raise "XXX"} # -> fail
+      #   assert_raise(RuntimeError.new("ZZZ")) {raise "XXX"} # -> fail
+      def assert_raise(*args, &block)
+        assert_expected_exception = Proc.new do |*_args|
+          message, assert_exception_helper, actual_exception = _args
+          expected = assert_exception_helper.expected_exceptions
+          diff = AssertionMessage.delayed_diff(expected, actual_exception)
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> exception expected but was\n<?>.?",
+                                       expected, actual_exception, diff)
+          begin
+            assert_block(full_message) do
+              expected == [] or
+                assert_exception_helper.expected?(actual_exception)
+            end
+          rescue AssertionFailedError => failure
+            _set_failed_information(failure, expected, actual_exception)
+            raise failure # For JRuby. :<
+          end
+        end
+        _assert_raise(assert_expected_exception, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      alias_method :assert_raises, :assert_raise
+
+      # Passes if the block raises `expected_exception` with
+      # `expected_message`. `expected_message` can be a `String` or
+      # `Regexp`.
+      #
+      # @example Pass pattern: String
+      #   assert_raise_with_message(RuntimeError, "Boom!!!") do
+      #     raise "Boom!!!"
+      #   end # -> pass
+      #
+      # @example Pass pattern: Regexp
+      #   assert_raise_with_message(RuntimeError, /!!!/) do
+      #     raise "Boom!!!"
+      #   end # -> pass
+      #
+      # @example Failure pattern: Exception class isn't matched
+      #   assert_raise_with_message(RuntimeError, "Boom!!!") do
+      #     raise ArgumentError, "Boom!!!"
+      #   end # -> failure
+      #
+      # @example Failure pattern: Exception message isn't matched
+      #   assert_raise_with_message(RuntimeError, "Boom!!!") do
+      #     raise "Hello"
+      #   end # -> failure
+      #
+      # @since 3.4.3
+      def assert_raise_with_message(expected_exception_class,
+                                    expected_message,
+                                    message=nil,
+                                    &block)
+        assert_expected_exception = Proc.new do |*_args|
+          _message, assert_exception_helper, actual_exception = _args
+          diff = AssertionMessage.delayed_diff([
+                                                 expected_exception_class,
+                                                 expected_message,
+                                               ],
+                                               [
+                                                 actual_exception.class,
+                                                 actual_exception.message,
+                                               ])
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?>(<?>) exception expected but was\n" +
+                                       "<?>(<?>).?",
+                                       expected_exception_class,
+                                       expected_message,
+                                       actual_exception.class,
+                                       actual_exception.message,
+                                       diff)
+          begin
+            assert_block(full_message) do
+              assert_exception_helper.expected?(actual_exception) and
+                expected_message === actual_exception.message
+            end
+          rescue AssertionFailedError => failure
+            _set_failed_information(failure,
+                                    expected_exception_class,
+                                    actual_exception)
+            raise failure # For JRuby. :<
+          end
+          actual_exception
+        end
+        args = [expected_exception_class]
+        args << message if message
+        _assert_raise(assert_expected_exception, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if the block raises one of the given
+      # exceptions or sub exceptions of the given exceptions.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_raise_kind_of(SystemCallError) do
+      #     raise Errno::EACCES
+      #   end
+      def assert_raise_kind_of(*args, &block)
+        assert_expected_exception = Proc.new do |*_args|
+          message, assert_exception_helper, actual_exception = _args
+          expected = assert_exception_helper.expected_exceptions
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> family exception expected " +
+                                       "but was\n<?>.",
+                                       expected, actual_exception)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            assert_exception_helper.expected?(actual_exception, :kind_of?)
+          end
+        end
+        _assert_raise(assert_expected_exception, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.instance_of?(`klass`). When `klass` is
+      # an array of classes, it passes if any class
+      # satisfies +object.instance_of?(class).
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_instance_of(String, 'foo')            # -> pass
+      #   assert_instance_of([Fixnum, NilClass], 100)  # -> pass
+      #   assert_instance_of([Numeric, NilClass], 100) # -> fail
+      def assert_instance_of(klass, object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          if klass.is_a?(Array)
+            klasses = klass
+          else
+            klasses = [klass]
+          end
+          assert_block("The first parameter to assert_instance_of should be " +
+                       "a Class or an Array of Class.") do
+            klasses.all? {|k| k.is_a?(Class)}
+          end
+          klass_message = AssertionMessage.maybe_container(klass) do |value|
+            "<#{value}>"
+          end
+          full_message = build_message(message, <<EOT, object, klass_message, object.class)
+<?> was expected to be instance_of\\?
+? but was
+<?>.
+EOT
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            klasses.any? {|k| object.instance_of?(k)}
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.instance_of?(`klass`) does not hold.
+      # When `klass` is an array of classes, it passes if no class
+      # satisfies +object.instance_of?(class).
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_instance_of(String, 100)                # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_instance_of([Fixnum, NilClass], '100')  # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_instance_of([Numeric, NilClass], 100)   # -> fail
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      def assert_not_instance_of(klass, object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          if klass.is_a?(Array)
+            klasses = klass
+          else
+            klasses = [klass]
+          end
+          assert_block("The first parameter to assert_not_instance_of should be " +
+                       "a Class or an Array of Class.") do
+            klasses.all? {|k| k.is_a?(Class)}
+          end
+          klass_message = AssertionMessage.maybe_container(klass) do |value|
+            "<#{value}>"
+          end
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to not be instance_of\\?\n" +
+                                       "? but was.",
+                                       object,
+                                       klass_message)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            klasses.none? {|k| object.instance_of?(k)}
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :refute_instance_of, :assert_not_instance_of
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.nil?.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_nil [1, 2].uniq!
+      def assert_nil(object, message=nil)
+        full_message = build_message(message, <<EOT, object)
+<?> was expected to be nil.
+EOT
+        assert_block(full_message) { object.nil? }
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.kind_of?(`klass`). When `klass` is
+      # an array of classes or modules, it passes if any
+      # class or module satisfies +object.kind_of?(class_or_module).
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_kind_of(Object, 'foo')                # -> pass
+      #   assert_kind_of([Fixnum, NilClass], 100)      # -> pass
+      #   assert_kind_of([Fixnum, NilClass], "string") # -> fail
+      def assert_kind_of(klass, object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          if klass.is_a?(Array)
+            klasses = klass
+          else
+            klasses = [klass]
+          end
+          assert_block("The first parameter to assert_kind_of should be " +
+                       "a kind_of Module or an Array of a kind_of Module.") do
+            klasses.all? {|k| k.kind_of?(Module)}
+          end
+          klass_message = AssertionMessage.maybe_container(klass) do |value|
+            "<#{value}>"
+          end
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to be kind_of\\?\n" +
+                                       "? but was\n" +
+                                       "<?>.",
+                                       object,
+                                       klass_message,
+                                       object.class)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            klasses.any? {|k| object.kind_of?(k)}
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.kind_of?(`klass`) does not hold.
+      # When `klass` is an array of classes or modules, it passes only if all
+      # classes (and modules) do not satisfy +object.kind_of?(class_or_module).
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_kind_of(Fixnum, 'foo')           # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_kind_of([Fixnum, NilClass], '0') # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_kind_of([Fixnum, NilClass], 100) # -> fail
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      def assert_not_kind_of(klass, object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          if klass.is_a?(Array)
+            klasses = klass
+          else
+            klasses = [klass]
+          end
+          assert_block("The first parameter to assert_not_kind_of should be " +
+                       "a kind_of Module or an Array of a kind_of Module.") do
+            klasses.all? {|k| k.kind_of?(Module)}
+          end
+          klass_message = AssertionMessage.maybe_container(klass) do |value|
+            "<#{value}>"
+          end
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to not be kind_of\\?\n" +
+                                       "? but was.",
+                                       object,
+                                       klass_message)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            klasses.none? {|k| object.kind_of?(k)}
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :refute_kind_of, :assert_not_kind_of
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object` .respond_to? `method`
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_respond_to 'bugbear', :slice
+      def assert_respond_to(object, method, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?>.kind_of\\?(Symbol) or\n" +
+                                       "<?>.respond_to\\?(:to_str) expected",
+                                       method, method)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            method.kind_of?(Symbol) or method.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          end
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?>.respond_to\\?(?) expected\n" +
+                                       "(Class: <?>)",
+                                       object, method, object.class)
+          assert_block(full_message) {object.respond_to?(method)}
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object` does not .respond_to? `method`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_respond_to('bugbear', :nonexistence) # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_respond_to('bugbear', :size)         # -> fail
+      def assert_not_respond_to(object, method, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?>.kind_of\\?(Symbol) or\n" +
+                                       "<?>.respond_to\\?(:to_str) expected",
+                                       method, method)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            method.kind_of?(Symbol) or method.respond_to?(:to_str)
+          end
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "!<?>.respond_to\\?(?) expected\n" +
+                                       "(Class: <?>)",
+                                       object, method, object.class)
+          assert_block(full_message) {!object.respond_to?(method)}
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :refute_respond_to, :assert_not_respond_to
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `pattern` =~ `string`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_match(/\d+/, 'five, 6, seven')
+      def assert_match(pattern, string, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          pattern = Regexp.new(Regexp.escape(pattern)) if pattern.is_a?(String)
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to be =~\n<?>.",
+                                       pattern, string)
+          assert_block(full_message) { pattern =~ string }
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `actual` .equal? `expected` (i.e. they are the same
+      # instance).
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   o = Object.new
+      #   assert_same o, o
+      def assert_same(expected, actual, message=nil)
+        full_message = build_message(message, <<EOT, expected, expected.__id__, actual, actual.__id__)
+<?>
+with id <?> was expected to be equal\\? to
+<?>
+with id <?>.
+EOT
+        assert_block(full_message) { actual.equal?(expected) }
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Compares the `object1` with `object2` using `operator`.
+      #
+      # Passes if object1.__send__(operator, object2) is not false nor nil.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_operator 5, :>=, 4
+      def assert_operator(object1, operator, object2, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(nil, "<?>\ngiven as the operator for #assert_operator must be a Symbol or #respond_to\\?(:to_str).", operator)
+          assert_block(full_message){operator.kind_of?(Symbol) || operator.respond_to?(:to_str)}
+          full_message = build_message(message, <<EOT, object1, AssertionMessage.literal(operator), object2)
+<?> was expected to be
+?
+<?>.
+EOT
+          assert_block(full_message) { object1.__send__(operator, object2) }
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Compares the `object1` with `object2` using `operator`.
+      #
+      # Passes if object1.__send__(operator, object2) is false or nil.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_operator(5, :<, 4) # => pass
+      #   assert_not_operator(5, :>, 4) # => fail
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      def assert_not_operator(object1, operator, object2, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(nil, "<?>\ngiven as the operator for #assert_not_operator must be a Symbol or #respond_to\\?(:to_str).", operator)
+          assert_block(full_message){operator.kind_of?(Symbol) || operator.respond_to?(:to_str)}
+          full_message = build_message(message, <<EOT, object1, AssertionMessage.literal(operator), object2)
+<?> was expected to not be
+?
+<?>.
+EOT
+          assert_block(full_message) { ! object1.__send__(operator, object2) }
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :refute_operator, :assert_not_operator
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if block does not raise an exception.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_nothing_raised do
+      #     [1, 2].uniq
+      #   end
+      def assert_nothing_raised(*args)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          if args.last.is_a?(String)
+            message = args.pop
+          else
+            message = ""
+          end
+
+          assert_exception_helper = AssertExceptionHelper.new(self, args)
+          begin
+            yield
+          rescue Exception => e
+            if ((args.empty? && !e.instance_of?(AssertionFailedError)) ||
+                assert_exception_helper.expected?(e))
+              failure_message = build_message(message, "Exception raised:\n?", e)
+              assert_block(failure_message) {false}
+            else
+              raise
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Flunk always fails.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   flunk 'Not done testing yet.'
+      def flunk(message="Flunked")
+        assert_block(build_message(message)){false}
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if ! `actual` .equal? `expected`
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_same Object.new, Object.new
+      def assert_not_same(expected, actual, message=nil)
+        full_message = build_message(message, <<EOT, expected, expected.__id__, actual, actual.__id__)
+<?>
+with id <?> was expected to not be equal\\? to
+<?>
+with id <?>.
+EOT
+        assert_block(full_message) { !actual.equal?(expected) }
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :refute_same, :assert_not_same
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `expected` != `actual`
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_equal 'some string', 5
+      def assert_not_equal(expected, actual, message=nil)
+        full_message = build_message(message,
+                                     "<?> was expected to be != to\n<?>.",
+                                     expected, actual)
+        assert_block(full_message) { expected != actual }
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :refute_equal, :assert_not_equal
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if ! `object` .nil?
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_nil '1 two 3'.sub!(/two/, '2')
+      def assert_not_nil(object, message=nil)
+        full_message = build_message(message,
+                                     "<?> was expected to not be nil.",
+                                     object)
+        assert_block(full_message){!object.nil?}
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :refute_nil, :assert_not_nil
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `regexp` !~ `string`
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_match(/two/, 'one 2 three')   # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_match(/three/, 'one 2 three') # -> fail
+      def assert_not_match(pattern, string, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          pattern = Regexp.new(Regexp.escape(pattern)) if pattern.is_a?(String)
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to not match\n<?>.",
+                                       pattern, string)
+          assert_block(full_message) { pattern !~ string }
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :refute_match, :assert_not_match
+
+      ##
+      # @deprecated Use {#assert_not_match} instead.
+      #
+      # Passes if `regexp` !~ `string`
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_no_match(/two/, 'one 2 three')   # -> pass
+      #   assert_no_match(/three/, 'one 2 three') # -> fail
+      def assert_no_match(regexp, string, message="")
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_instance_of(Regexp, regexp,
+                             "The first argument to assert_no_match " +
+                             "should be a Regexp.")
+          assert_not_match(regexp, string, message)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # @private
+      class ThrowTagExtractor
+        @@have_uncaught_throw_error = const_defined?(:UncaughtThrowError)
+
+        UncaughtThrowPatterns = {
+          NameError => /^uncaught throw `(.+)'$/,
+          ArgumentError => /^uncaught throw (`.+'|.+)$/,
+          ThreadError => /^uncaught throw `(.+)' in thread /,
+        }
+
+        def initialize(error)
+          @error = error
+        end
+
+        def extract_tag
+          tag = nil
+          if @@have_uncaught_throw_error
+            return nil unless @error.is_a?(UncaughtThrowError)
+            tag = @error.tag
+          else
+            pattern = UncaughtThrowPatterns[@error.class]
+            return nil if pattern.nil?
+            return nil unless pattern =~ @error.message
+            tag = $1
+          end
+          normalize_tag(tag)
+        end
+
+        private
+        def normalize_tag(tag)
+          case tag
+          when /\A:/
+            tag[1..-1].intern
+          when /\A`(.+)'\z/
+            $1.intern
+          when String
+            tag.intern
+          else
+            tag
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if the block throws `expected_object`
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_throw(:done) do
+      #     throw(:done)
+      #   end
+      def assert_throw(expected_object, message=nil, &proc)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          begin
+            catch([]) {}
+          rescue TypeError
+            assert_instance_of(Symbol, expected_object,
+                               "assert_throws expects the symbol that should be thrown for its first argument")
+          end
+          assert_block("Should have passed a block to assert_throw.") do
+            block_given?
+          end
+          caught = true
+          begin
+            catch(expected_object) do
+              proc.call
+              caught = false
+            end
+            full_message = build_message(message,
+                                         "<?> should have been thrown.",
+                                         expected_object)
+            assert_block(full_message) {caught}
+          rescue => error
+            extractor = ThrowTagExtractor.new(error)
+            tag = extractor.extract_tag
+            raise if tag.nil?
+            full_message = build_message(message,
+                                         "<?> was expected to be thrown but\n" +
+                                         "<?> was thrown.",
+                                         expected_object, tag)
+            flunk(full_message)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :assert_throws, :assert_throw
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if block does not throw anything.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #  assert_nothing_thrown do
+      #    [1, 2].uniq
+      #  end
+      def assert_nothing_thrown(message=nil, &proc)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert(block_given?, "Should have passed a block to assert_nothing_thrown")
+          begin
+            proc.call
+          rescue => error
+            extractor = ThrowTagExtractor.new(error)
+            tag = extractor.extract_tag
+            raise if tag.nil?
+            full_message = build_message(message,
+                                         "<?> was thrown when nothing was expected",
+                                         tag)
+            flunk(full_message)
+          end
+          assert(true, "Expected nothing to be thrown")
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `expected_float` and `actual_float` are equal
+      # within `delta` tolerance.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_in_delta 0.05, (50000.0 / 10**6), 0.00001
+      def assert_in_delta(expected_float, actual_float, delta=0.001, message="")
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          begin
+            pass = delta >= (expected_float - actual_float).abs
+            assert_operator(delta, :>=, 0.0, "The delta should not be negative")
+            full_message = _assert_in_delta_message(expected_float,
+                                                    expected_float,
+                                                    actual_float,
+                                                    actual_float,
+                                                    delta,
+                                                    delta,
+                                                    message)
+          rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError
+            # for the above assert_operator
+            raise
+          rescue
+            _assert_in_delta_validate_arguments(expected_float,
+                                                actual_float,
+                                                delta)
+            normalized_expected = expected_float.to_f
+            normalized_actual = actual_float.to_f
+            normalized_delta = delta.to_f
+            pass = (normalized_expected - normalized_actual).abs <= normalized_delta
+            full_message = _assert_in_delta_message(expected_float,
+                                                    normalized_expected,
+                                                    actual_float,
+                                                    normalized_actual,
+                                                    delta,
+                                                    normalized_delta,
+                                                    message)
+          end
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            pass
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `expected_float` and `actual_float` are
+      # not equal within `delta` tolerance.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_in_delta(0.05, (50000.0 / 10**6), 0.00002) # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_in_delta(0.05, (50000.0 / 10**6), 0.00001) # -> fail
+      def assert_not_in_delta(expected_float, actual_float, delta=0.001, message="")
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          _assert_in_delta_validate_arguments(expected_float,
+                                              actual_float,
+                                              delta)
+          begin
+            pass = (expected_float - actual_float).abs > delta
+            full_message = _assert_in_delta_message(expected_float,
+                                                    expected_float,
+                                                    actual_float,
+                                                    actual_float,
+                                                    delta,
+                                                    delta,
+                                                    message,
+                                                    :negative_assertion => true)
+          rescue
+            normalized_expected = expected_float.to_f
+            normalized_actual = actual_float.to_f
+            normalized_delta = delta.to_f
+            pass = (normalized_expected - normalized_actual).abs > normalized_delta
+            full_message = _assert_in_delta_message(expected_float,
+                                                    normalized_expected,
+                                                    actual_float,
+                                                    normalized_actual,
+                                                    delta,
+                                                    normalized_delta,
+                                                    message,
+                                                    :negative_assertion => true)
+          end
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            pass
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :refute_in_delta, :assert_not_in_delta
+
+      private
+      def _assert_in_delta_validate_arguments(expected_float,
+                                              actual_float,
+                                              delta)
+        {
+          expected_float => "first float",
+          actual_float => "second float",
+          delta => "delta"
+        }.each do |float, name|
+          assert_respond_to(float, :to_f,
+                            "The arguments must respond to to_f; " +
+                            "the #{name} did not")
+        end
+        delta = delta.to_f
+        assert_operator(delta, :>=, 0.0, "The delta should not be negative")
+      end
+
+      def _assert_in_delta_message(expected_float, normalized_expected,
+                                   actual_float, normalized_actual,
+                                   delta, normalized_delta,
+                                   message, options={})
+        if options[:negative_assertion]
+          format = <<-EOT
+<?> -/+ <?> was expected to not include
+<?>.
+EOT
+        else
+          format = <<-EOT
+<?> -/+ <?> was expected to include
+<?>.
+EOT
+        end
+        arguments = [expected_float, delta, actual_float]
+        relation_format = nil
+        relation_arguments = nil
+        if normalized_actual < normalized_expected - normalized_delta
+          relation_format = "<<?> < <?>-<?>[?] <= <?>+<?>[?]>"
+          relation_arguments = [actual_float,
+                                expected_float, delta,
+                                normalized_expected - normalized_delta,
+                                expected_float, delta,
+                                normalized_expected + normalized_delta]
+        elsif normalized_actual <= normalized_expected + normalized_delta
+          relation_format = "<<?>-<?>[?] <= <?> <= <?>+<?>[?]>"
+          relation_arguments = [expected_float, delta,
+                                normalized_expected - normalized_delta,
+                                actual_float,
+                                expected_float, delta,
+                                normalized_expected + normalized_delta]
+        else
+          relation_format = "<<?>-<?>[?] <= <?>+<?>[?] < <?>>"
+          relation_arguments = [expected_float, delta,
+                                normalized_expected - normalized_delta,
+                                expected_float, delta,
+                                normalized_expected + normalized_delta,
+                                actual_float]
+        end
+
+        if relation_format
+          format += <<-EOT
+
+Relation:
+#{relation_format}
+EOT
+          arguments.concat(relation_arguments)
+        end
+
+        build_message(message, format, *arguments)
+      end
+
+      public
+      ##
+      # Passes if `expected_float` and `actual_float` are equal
+      # within `epsilon` relative error of `expected_float`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_in_epsilon(10000.0, 9900.0, 0.1) # -> pass
+      #   assert_in_epsilon(10000.0, 9899.0, 0.1) # -> fail
+      def assert_in_epsilon(expected_float, actual_float, epsilon=0.001,
+                            message="")
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          begin
+            zero_p = expected_float.zero? rescue expected_float == 0
+            if zero_p
+              delta = epsilon ** 2
+            else
+              delta = expected_float * epsilon
+            end
+            delta = delta.abs
+            pass = (expected_float - actual_float).abs <= delta
+            assert_operator(epsilon, :>=, 0.0, "The epsilon should not be negative")
+            full_message = _assert_in_epsilon_message(expected_float,
+                                                      expected_float,
+                                                      actual_float,
+                                                      actual_float,
+                                                      epsilon,
+                                                      epsilon,
+                                                      delta,
+                                                      message)
+          rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError
+            # for the above assert_operator
+            raise
+          rescue
+            _assert_in_epsilon_validate_arguments(expected_float,
+                                                  actual_float,
+                                                  epsilon)
+            normalized_expected = expected_float.to_f
+            normalized_actual = actual_float.to_f
+            normalized_epsilon = epsilon.to_f
+            if normalized_expected.zero?
+              delta = normalized_epsilon ** 2
+            else
+              delta = normalized_expected * normalized_epsilon
+            end
+            delta = delta.abs
+            full_message = _assert_in_epsilon_message(expected_float,
+                                                      normalized_expected,
+                                                      actual_float,
+                                                      normalized_actual,
+                                                      epsilon,
+                                                      normalized_epsilon,
+                                                      delta,
+                                                      message)
+            pass = (normalized_expected - normalized_actual).abs <= delta
+          end
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            pass
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `expected_float` and `actual_float` are
+      # not equal within `epsilon` relative error of
+      # `expected_float`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_in_epsilon(10000.0, 9900.0, 0.1) # -> fail
+      #   assert_not_in_epsilon(10000.0, 9899.0, 0.1) # -> pass
+      def assert_not_in_epsilon(expected_float, actual_float, epsilon=0.001,
+                                message="")
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          begin
+            delta = expected_float * epsilon
+            pass = (expected_float - actual_float).abs > delta
+            assert_operator(epsilon, :>=, 0.0, "The epsilon should not be negative")
+            full_message = _assert_in_epsilon_message(expected_float,
+                                                      expected_float,
+                                                      actual_float,
+                                                      actual_float,
+                                                      epsilon,
+                                                      epsilon,
+                                                      delta,
+                                                      message,
+                                                      :negative_assertion => true)
+          rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError
+            # for the above assert_operator
+            raise
+          rescue
+            _assert_in_epsilon_validate_arguments(expected_float,
+                                                  actual_float,
+                                                  epsilon)
+            normalized_expected = expected_float.to_f
+            normalized_actual = actual_float.to_f
+            normalized_epsilon = epsilon.to_f
+            delta = normalized_expected * normalized_epsilon
+            pass = (normalized_expected - normalized_actual).abs > delta
+            full_message = _assert_in_epsilon_message(expected_float,
+                                                      normalized_expected,
+                                                      actual_float,
+                                                      normalized_actual,
+                                                      epsilon,
+                                                      normalized_epsilon,
+                                                      delta,
+                                                      message,
+                                                      :negative_assertion => true)
+          end
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            pass
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :refute_in_epsilon, :assert_not_in_epsilon
+
+      private
+      def _assert_in_epsilon_validate_arguments(expected_float,
+                                                actual_float,
+                                                epsilon)
+        {
+          expected_float => "first float",
+          actual_float => "second float",
+          epsilon => "epsilon"
+        }.each do |float, name|
+          assert_respond_to(float, :to_f,
+                            "The arguments must respond to to_f; " +
+                            "the #{name} did not")
+        end
+        epsilon = epsilon.to_f
+        assert_operator(epsilon, :>=, 0.0, "The epsilon should not be negative")
+      end
+
+      def _assert_in_epsilon_message(expected_float, normalized_expected,
+                                     actual_float, normalized_actual,
+                                     epsilon, normalized_epsilon,
+                                     delta, message, options={})
+        if options[:negative_assertion]
+          format = <<-EOT
+<?> -/+ (<?> * <?>)[?] was expected to not include
+<?>.
+EOT
+        else
+          format = <<-EOT
+<?> -/+ (<?> * <?>)[?] was expected to include
+<?>.
+EOT
+        end
+        arguments = [expected_float, expected_float, epsilon, delta,
+                     actual_float]
+
+        relation_format = nil
+        relation_arguments = nil
+        if normalized_actual < normalized_expected - delta
+          relation_format = "<<?> < <?>-(<?>*<?>)[?] <= <?>+(<?>*<?>)[?]>"
+          relation_arguments = [actual_float,
+                                expected_float, expected_float, epsilon,
+                                normalized_expected - delta,
+                                expected_float, expected_float, epsilon,
+                                normalized_expected + delta]
+        elsif normalized_actual <= normalized_expected + delta
+          relation_format = "<<?>-(<?>*<?>)[?] <= <?> <= <?>+(<?>*<?>)[?]>"
+          relation_arguments = [expected_float, expected_float, epsilon,
+                                normalized_expected - delta,
+                                actual_float,
+                                expected_float, expected_float, epsilon,
+                                normalized_expected + delta]
+        else
+          relation_format = "<<?>-(<?>*<?>)[?] <= <?>+(<?>*<?>)[?] < <?>>"
+          relation_arguments = [expected_float, expected_float, epsilon,
+                                normalized_expected - delta,
+                                expected_float, expected_float, epsilon,
+                                normalized_expected + delta,
+                                actual_float]
+        end
+
+        if relation_format
+          format += <<-EOT
+
+Relation:
+#{relation_format}
+EOT
+          arguments.concat(relation_arguments)
+        end
+
+        build_message(message, format, *arguments)
+      end
+
+      public
+      ##
+      # Passes if the method `__send__` returns not false nor nil.
+      #
+      # `send_array` is composed of:
+      # * A receiver
+      # * A method
+      # * Arguments to the method
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_send([[1, 2], :member?, 1]) # -> pass
+      #   assert_send([[1, 2], :member?, 4]) # -> fail
+      def assert_send(send_array, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_instance_of(Array, send_array,
+                             "assert_send requires an array " +
+                             "of send information")
+          assert_operator(send_array.size, :>=, 2,
+                          "assert_send requires at least a receiver " +
+                          "and a message name")
+          format = <<EOT
+<?> was expected to respond to
+<?(*?)> with a true value but was
+<?>.
+EOT
+          receiver, message_name, *arguments = send_array
+          result = nil
+          full_message =
+            build_message(message,
+                          format,
+                          receiver,
+                          AssertionMessage.literal(message_name.to_s),
+                          arguments,
+                          AssertionMessage.delayed_literal {result})
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            result = receiver.__send__(message_name, *arguments)
+            result
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if the method `__send__` returns false or nil.
+      #
+      # `send_array` is composed of:
+      # * A receiver
+      # * A method
+      # * Arguments to the method
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_send([[1, 2], :member?, 1]) # -> fail
+      #   assert_not_send([[1, 2], :member?, 4]) # -> pass
+      def assert_not_send(send_array, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_instance_of(Array, send_array,
+                             "assert_not_send requires an array " +
+                             "of send information")
+          assert_operator(send_array.size, :>=, 2,
+                          "assert_not_send requires at least a receiver " +
+                          "and a message name")
+          format = <<EOT
+<?> was expected to respond to
+<?(*?)> with not a true value but was
+<?>.
+EOT
+          receiver, message_name, *arguments = send_array
+          result = nil
+          full_message =
+            build_message(message,
+                          format,
+                          receiver,
+                          AssertionMessage.literal(message_name.to_s),
+                          arguments,
+                          AssertionMessage.delayed_literal {result})
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            result = receiver.__send__(message_name, *arguments)
+            not result
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `actual` is a boolean value.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_boolean(true) # -> pass
+      #   assert_boolean(nil)  # -> fail
+      def assert_boolean(actual, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_block(build_message(message,
+                                     "<true> or <false> expected but was\n<?>",
+                                     actual)) do
+            true == actual || false == actual
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `actual` is true.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_true(true)  # -> pass
+      #   assert_true(:true) # -> fail
+      def assert_true(actual, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_block(build_message(message,
+                                     "<true> expected but was\n<?>",
+                                     actual)) do
+            true == actual
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `actual` is false.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_false(false)  # -> pass
+      #   assert_false(nil)    # -> fail
+      def assert_false(actual, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_block(build_message(message,
+                                     "<false> expected but was\n<?>",
+                                     actual)) do
+            false == actual
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if expression "`expected` `operator`
+      # `actual`" is not false nor nil.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_compare(1, "<", 10)  # -> pass
+      #   assert_compare(1, ">=", 10) # -> fail
+      def assert_compare(expected, operator, actual, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_send([["<", "<=", ">", ">="], :include?, operator.to_s])
+          case operator.to_s
+          when "<"
+            operator_description = "less than"
+          when "<="
+            operator_description = "less than or equal to"
+          when ">"
+            operator_description = "greater than"
+          when ">="
+            operator_description = "greater than or equal to"
+          end
+          template = <<-EOT
+<?> #{operator} <?> should be true
+<?> was expected to be #{operator_description}
+<?>.
+EOT
+          full_message = build_message(message, template,
+                                       expected, actual,
+                                       expected, actual)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            expected.__send__(operator, actual)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if assertion is failed in block.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_fail_assertion {assert_equal("A", "B")}  # -> pass
+      #   assert_fail_assertion {assert_equal("A", "A")}  # -> fail
+      def assert_fail_assertion(message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "Failed assertion was expected.")
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            begin
+              yield
+              false
+            rescue AssertionFailedError
+              true
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if an exception is raised in block and its
+      # message is `expected`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_raise_message("exception") {raise "exception"}  # -> pass
+      #   assert_raise_message(/exc/i) {raise "exception"}       # -> pass
+      #   assert_raise_message("exception") {raise "EXCEPTION"}  # -> fail
+      #   assert_raise_message("exception") {}                   # -> fail
+      def assert_raise_message(expected, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> exception message was expected " +
+                                       "but none was thrown.",
+                                       expected)
+          exception = nil
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            begin
+              yield
+              false
+            rescue Exception => exception
+              true
+            end
+          end
+
+          actual = exception.message
+          diff = AssertionMessage.delayed_diff(expected, actual)
+          full_message =
+            build_message(message,
+                          "<?> exception message expected but was\n" +
+                          "<?>.?", expected, actual, diff)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            if expected.is_a?(Regexp)
+              expected =~ actual
+            else
+              expected == actual
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.const_defined?(`constant_name`)
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_const_defined(Test, :Unit)          # -> pass
+      #   assert_const_defined(Object, :Nonexistent) # -> fail
+      def assert_const_defined(object, constant_name, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?>.const_defined\\?(<?>) expected.",
+                                       object, constant_name)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            object.const_defined?(constant_name)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if !`object`.const_defined?(`constant_name`)
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_const_defined(Object, :Nonexistent) # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_const_defined(Test, :Unit)          # -> fail
+      def assert_not_const_defined(object, constant_name, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "!<?>.const_defined\\?(<?>) expected.",
+                                       object, constant_name)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            !object.const_defined?(constant_name)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.`predicate` is not false nor nil.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_predicate([], :empty?)  # -> pass
+      #   assert_predicate([1], :empty?) # -> fail
+      def assert_predicate(object, predicate, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_respond_to(object, predicate, message)
+          actual = object.__send__(predicate)
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?>.? is true value expected but was\n" +
+                                       "<?>",
+                                       object,
+                                       AssertionMessage.literal(predicate),
+                                       actual)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            actual
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`.`predicate` is false or nil.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_predicate([1], :empty?) # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_predicate([], :empty?)  # -> fail
+      def assert_not_predicate(object, predicate, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_respond_to(object, predicate, message)
+          actual = object.__send__(predicate)
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?>.? is false value expected but was\n" +
+                                       "<?>",
+                                       object,
+                                       AssertionMessage.literal(predicate),
+                                       actual)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            not actual
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :refute_predicate, :assert_not_predicate
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object`#`alias_name` is an alias method of
+      # `object`#`original_name`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_alias_method([], :length, :size)  # -> pass
+      #   assert_alias_method([], :size, :length)  # -> pass
+      #   assert_alias_method([], :each, :size)    # -> fail
+      def assert_alias_method(object, alias_name, original_name, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          find_method_failure_message = Proc.new do |method_name|
+            build_message(message,
+                          "<?>.? doesn't exist\n" +
+                          "(Class: <?>)",
+                          object,
+                          AssertionMessage.literal(method_name),
+                          object.class)
+          end
+
+          alias_method = original_method = nil
+          assert_block(find_method_failure_message.call(alias_name)) do
+            begin
+              alias_method = object.method(alias_name)
+              true
+            rescue NameError
+              false
+            end
+          end
+          assert_block(find_method_failure_message.call(original_name)) do
+            begin
+              original_method = object.method(original_name)
+              true
+            rescue NameError
+              false
+            end
+          end
+
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> is alias of\n" +
+                                       "<?> expected",
+                                       alias_method,
+                                       original_method)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            alias_method == original_method
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `path` exists.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_path_exist("/tmp")          # -> pass
+      #   assert_path_exist("/bin/sh")       # -> pass
+      #   assert_path_exist("/nonexistent")  # -> fail
+      def assert_path_exist(path, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          failure_message = build_message(message,
+                                          "<?> was expected to exist",
+                                          path)
+          assert_block(failure_message) do
+            File.exist?(path)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `path` doesn't exist.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_path_not_exist("/nonexistent")  # -> pass
+      #   assert_path_not_exist("/tmp")          # -> fail
+      #   assert_path_not_exist("/bin/sh")       # -> fail
+      def assert_path_not_exist(path, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          failure_message = build_message(message,
+                                          "<?> was expected to not exist",
+                                          path)
+          assert_block(failure_message) do
+            not File.exist?(path)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `collection` includes `object`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_include([1, 10], 1)            # -> pass
+      #   assert_include(1..10, 5)              # -> pass
+      #   assert_include([1, 10], 5)            # -> fail
+      #   assert_include(1..10, 20)             # -> fail
+      def assert_include(collection, object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_respond_to(collection, :include?,
+                            "The collection must respond to :include?.")
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to include\n<?>.",
+                                       collection,
+                                       object)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            collection.include?(object)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 2.5.3
+      alias_method :assert_includes, :assert_include
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `collection` doesn't include `object`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_include([1, 10], 5)            # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_include(1..10, 20)             # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_include([1, 10], 1)            # -> fail
+      #   assert_not_include(1..10, 5)              # -> fail
+      def assert_not_include(collection, object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_respond_to(collection, :include?,
+                            "The collection must respond to :include?.")
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to not include\n<?>.",
+                                       collection,
+                                       object)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            not collection.include?(object)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :assert_not_includes, :assert_not_include
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :refute_includes, :assert_not_include
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object` is empty.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_empty("")                       # -> pass
+      #   assert_empty([])                       # -> pass
+      #   assert_empty({})                       # -> pass
+      #   assert_empty(" ")                      # -> fail
+      #   assert_empty([nil])                    # -> fail
+      #   assert_empty({1 => 2})                 # -> fail
+      def assert_empty(object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_respond_to(object, :empty?,
+                            "The object must respond to :empty?.")
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to be empty.",
+                                       object)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            object.empty?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Passes if `object` is not empty.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   assert_not_empty(" ")                      # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_empty([nil])                    # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_empty({1 => 2})                 # -> pass
+      #   assert_not_empty("")                       # -> fail
+      #   assert_not_empty([])                       # -> fail
+      #   assert_not_empty({})                       # -> fail
+      def assert_not_empty(object, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          assert_respond_to(object, :empty?,
+                            "The object must respond to :empty?.")
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> was expected to not be empty.",
+                                       object)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            not object.empty?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for minitest compatibility. :<
+      #
+      # @since 3.0.0
+      alias_method :refute_empty, :assert_not_empty
+
+      # @overload assert_all(collection, message=nil, &block)
+      #
+      #   Asserts that all `block.call(item)` where `item` is each
+      #   item in `collection` are not false nor nil.
+      #
+      #   If `collection` is empty, this assertion is always passed
+      #   with any `block`.
+      #
+      #   @example Pass patterns
+      #     assert_all([1, 2, 3]) {|item| item > 0} # => pass
+      #     assert_all([1, 2, 3], &:positive?)      # => pass
+      #     assert_all([]) {|item| false}           # => pass
+      #
+      #   @example Failure pattern
+      #     assert_all([0, 1, 2], &:zero?) # => failure
+      #
+      #   @param [#each] collection The check target.
+      #   @param [String] message The additional user message. It is
+      #     showed when the assertion is failed.
+      #   @yield [Object] Give each item in `collection` to the block.
+      #   @yieldreturn [Object] The checked object.
+      #   @return [void]
+      #
+      # @since 3.4.4
+      def assert_all(collection, message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          failed = false
+          result = {}
+          collection.each do |item|
+            element_result = yield(item)
+            failed = true unless element_result
+            result[item] = element_result
+          end
+          format = <<-FORMAT
+<?> was expected to be all true values with the given block but was
+<?>
+          FORMAT
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       format,
+                                       collection,
+                                       result)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            not failed
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Just for Ruby's tool/lib/test/unit compatibility.
+      #
+      # @since 3.4.3
+      alias_method :assert_all?, :assert_all
+
+      # @overload assert_nothing_leaked_memory(max_increasable_size, target=:physical, message=nil, &block)
+      #
+      #   Asserts that increased memory usage by `block.call` is less
+      #   than `max_increasable_size`. `GC.start` is called before and
+      #   after `block.call`.
+      #
+      #   This assertion may be fragile. Because memory usage is
+      #   depends on the current Ruby process's memory
+      #   usage. Launching a new Ruby process for this will produce
+      #   more stable result but we need to specify target code as
+      #   `String` instead of block for the approach. We choose easy
+      #   to write API approach rather than more stable result
+      #   approach for this case.
+      #
+      #   @example Pass pattern
+      #     require "objspace"
+      #     size_per_object = ObjectSpace.memsize_of("Hello")
+      #     # If memory isn't leaked, physical memory of almost created objects
+      #     # (1000 - 10 objects) must be freed.
+      #     assert_nothing_leaked_memory(size_per_object * 10) do
+      #       1_000.times do
+      #         "Hello".dup
+      #       end
+      #     end # => pass
+      #
+      #   @example Failure pattern
+      #     require "objspace"
+      #     size_per_object = ObjectSpace.memsize_of("Hello")
+      #     strings = []
+      #     assert_nothing_leaked_memory(size_per_object * 10) do
+      #       10_000.times do
+      #         # Created objects aren't GC-ed because they are referred.
+      #         strings << "Hello".dup
+      #       end
+      #     end # => failure
+      #
+      #   @param target [:physical, :virtual] which memory usage is
+      #     used for comparing. `:physical` means physical memory usage
+      #     also known as Resident Set Size (RSS). `:virtual` means
+      #     virtual memory usage.
+      #   @yield [] do anything you want to measure memory usage
+      #     in the block.
+      #   @yieldreturn [void]
+      #   @return [void]
+      #
+      # @since 3.4.5
+      def assert_nothing_leaked_memory(max_increasable_size,
+                                       target=:physical,
+                                       message=nil)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          GC.start
+          before = Util::MemoryUsage.new
+          unless before.collected?
+            omit("memory usage collection isn't supported on this platform")
+          end
+          yield
+          GC.start
+          after = Util::MemoryUsage.new
+          before_value = before.__send__(target)
+          after_value = after.__send__(target)
+          actual_increased_size = after_value - before_value
+          template = <<-TEMPLATE
+<?> was expected to be less than
+<?>.
+          TEMPLATE
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       template,
+                                       actual_increased_size,
+                                       max_increasable_size)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            actual_increased_size < max_increasable_size
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Builds a failure message.  `user_message` is added before the
+      # `template` and `arguments` replaces the '?'s positionally in
+      # the template.
+      def build_message(user_message, template=nil, *arguments)
+        template &&= template.chomp
+        return AssertionMessage.new(user_message, template, arguments)
+      end
+
+      private
+      def _wrap_assertion(&block)
+        @_assertion_wrapped ||= false
+        if @_assertion_wrapped
+          block.call
+        else
+          @_assertion_wrapped = true
+          begin
+            add_assertion
+            block.call
+          ensure
+            @_assertion_wrapped = false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      public
+      # Called whenever an assertion is made. Define this in classes
+      # that include Test::Unit::Assertions to record assertion
+      # counts.
+      #
+      # This is a public API for developers who extend test-unit.
+      #
+      # @return [void]
+      def add_assertion
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Select whether or not to use the pretty-printer. If this option is set
+      # to false before any assertions are made, pp.rb will not be required.
+      def self.use_pp=(value)
+        AssertionMessage.use_pp = value
+      end
+
+      private
+      def _assert_raise(assert_expected_exception, *args, &block)
+        _wrap_assertion do
+          if args.last.is_a?(String)
+            message = args.pop
+          else
+            message = ""
+          end
+
+          assert_exception_helper = AssertExceptionHelper.new(self, args)
+          expected = assert_exception_helper.expected_exceptions
+          actual_exception = nil
+          full_message = build_message(message,
+                                       "<?> exception was expected " +
+                                       "but none was thrown.",
+                                       expected)
+          assert_block(full_message) do
+            begin
+              yield
+              false
+            rescue Exception => actual_exception
+              true
+            end
+          end
+          assert_expected_exception.call(message, assert_exception_helper,
+                                         actual_exception)
+          actual_exception
+        end
+      end
+
+      def _set_failed_information(failure, expected, actual)
+        failure.expected = expected
+        failure.actual = actual
+        failure.inspected_expected = AssertionMessage.convert(expected)
+        failure.inspected_actual = AssertionMessage.convert(actual)
+      end
+
+      class AssertionMessage
+        @use_pp = true
+        class << self
+          attr_accessor :use_pp
+
+          def literal(value)
+            Literal.new(value)
+          end
+
+          def delayed_literal(&block)
+            DelayedLiteral.new(block)
+          end
+
+          def maybe_container(value, &formatter)
+            MaybeContainer.new(value, &formatter)
+          end
+
+          MAX_DIFF_TARGET_STRING_SIZE = 1000
+          def max_diff_target_string_size
+            return @@max_diff_target_string_size if @@max_diff_target_string_size
+
+            size = ENV["TEST_UNIT_MAX_DIFF_TARGET_STRING_SIZE"]
+            if size
+              begin
+                size = Integer(size)
+              rescue ArgumentError
+                size = nil
+              end
+            end
+            size || MAX_DIFF_TARGET_STRING_SIZE
+          end
+
+          @@max_diff_target_string_size = nil
+          def max_diff_target_string_size=(size)
+            @@max_diff_target_string_size = size
+          end
+
+          def diff_target_string?(string)
+            if string.respond_to?(:bytesize)
+              string.bytesize < max_diff_target_string_size
+            else
+              string.size < max_diff_target_string_size
+            end
+          end
+
+          def ensure_diffable_string(string)
+            if string.respond_to?(:encoding) and
+                !string.encoding.ascii_compatible?
+              string = string.dup.force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT")
+            end
+            string
+          end
+
+          def prepare_for_diff(from, to)
+            if !from.is_a?(String) or !to.is_a?(String)
+              from = convert(from)
+              to = convert(to)
+            end
+
+            if diff_target_string?(from) and diff_target_string?(to)
+              from = ensure_diffable_string(from)
+              to = ensure_diffable_string(to)
+              [from, to]
+            else
+              [nil, nil]
+            end
+          end
+
+          def delayed_diff(from, to)
+            delayed_literal do
+              from, to = prepare_for_diff(from, to)
+
+              diff = "" if from.nil? or to.nil?
+              diff ||= Diff.readable(from, to)
+              if /^[-+]/ !~ diff
+                diff = ""
+              elsif /^[ ?]/ =~ diff or /(?:.*\n){2,}/ =~ diff
+                diff = "\n\ndiff:\n#{diff}"
+              else
+                diff = ""
+              end
+
+              if Diff.need_fold?(diff)
+                folded_diff = Diff.folded_readable(from, to)
+                diff += "\n\nfolded diff:\n#{folded_diff}"
+              end
+
+              diff
+            end
+          end
+
+          def convert(object)
+            if object.is_a?(Exception)
+              object = AssertExceptionHelper::WrappedException.new(object)
+            end
+            inspector = Inspector.new(object)
+            if use_pp
+              begin
+                require "pp" unless defined?(PP)
+                begin
+                  return PP.pp(inspector, String.new).chomp
+                rescue NameError
+                end
+              rescue LoadError
+                self.use_pp = false
+              end
+            end
+            inspector.inspect
+          end
+        end
+
+        class Inspector
+          include Comparable
+
+          class << self
+            def cached_new(object, inspected_objects)
+              inspected_objects[object.__id__] ||=
+                new(object, inspected_objects)
+            end
+
+            @@inspector_classes = []
+            def inspector_classes
+              @@inspector_classes
+            end
+
+            def register_inspector_class(inspector_class)
+              @@inspector_classes << inspector_class
+            end
+
+            def unregister_inspector_class(inspector_class)
+              @@inspector_classes.delete(inspector_class)
+            end
+          end
+
+          attr_reader :object
+          def initialize(object, inspected_objects={})
+            @inspected_objects = inspected_objects
+            @object = object
+            @inspected_objects[@object.__id__] = self
+            @inspect_target = inspect_target
+          end
+
+          alias_method :native_inspect, :inspect
+          def inspect
+            @inspect_target.inspect
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print(q)
+            @inspect_target.pretty_print(q)
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print_cycle(q)
+            @inspect_target.pretty_print_cycle(q)
+          end
+
+          def <=>(other)
+            if other.is_a?(self.class)
+              @object <=> other.object
+            else
+              @object <=> other
+            end
+          end
+
+          private
+          def inspect_target
+            self.class.inspector_classes.each do |inspector_class|
+              if inspector_class.target?(@object)
+                return inspector_class.new(@object, @inspected_objects)
+              end
+            end
+            @object
+          end
+        end
+
+        class NumericInspector
+          Inspector.register_inspector_class(self)
+
+          class << self
+            def target?(object)
+              object.is_a?(Numeric)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def initialize(numeric, inspected_objects)
+            @inspected_objects = inspected_objects
+            @numeric = numeric
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            @numeric.to_s
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print(q)
+            q.text(@numeric.to_s)
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print_cycle(q)
+            q.text(@numeric.to_s)
+          end
+        end
+
+        class HashInspector
+          Inspector.register_inspector_class(self)
+
+          class << self
+            def target?(object)
+              object.is_a?(Hash) or ENV.equal?(object)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def initialize(hash, inspected_objects)
+            @inspected_objects = inspected_objects
+            @hash = {}
+            hash.each do |key, value|
+              key = Inspector.cached_new(key, @inspected_objects)
+              value = Inspector.cached_new(value, @inspected_objects)
+              @hash[key] = value
+            end
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            @hash.inspect
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print(q)
+            q.group(1, '{', '}') do
+              q.seplist(self, nil, :each_pair) do |k, v|
+                q.group do
+                  q.pp(k)
+                  q.text('=>')
+                  q.group(1) do
+                    q.breakable('')
+                    q.pp(v)
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print_cycle(q)
+            @hash.pretty_print_cycle(q)
+          end
+
+          def each_pair
+            keys = @hash.keys
+            begin
+              keys = keys.sort # FIXME: more cleverly
+            rescue ArgumentError
+            end
+            keys.each do |key|
+              yield(key, @hash[key])
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        class ArrayInspector
+          Inspector.register_inspector_class(self)
+
+          class << self
+            def target?(object)
+              object.is_a?(Array)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def initialize(array, inspected_objects)
+            @inspected_objects = inspected_objects
+            @array = array.collect do |element|
+              Inspector.cached_new(element, @inspected_objects)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            @array.inspect
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print(q)
+            q.group(1, '[', ']') do
+              q.seplist(self) do |v|
+                q.pp(v)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          def pretty_print_cycle(q)
+            @array.pretty_print_cycle(q)
+          end
+
+          def each(&block)
+            @array.each(&block)
+          end
+        end
+
+        class Literal
+          def initialize(value)
+            @value = value
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            @value.to_s
+          end
+        end
+
+        class DelayedLiteral
+          def initialize(value)
+            @value = value
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            @value.call.to_s
+          end
+        end
+
+        class MaybeContainer
+          def initialize(value, &formatter)
+            @value = value
+            @formatter = formatter
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            if @value.is_a?(Array)
+              values = @value.collect do |value|
+                @formatter.call(AssertionMessage.convert(value))
+              end
+              "[#{values.join(', ')}]"
+            else
+              @formatter.call(AssertionMessage.convert(@value))
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        class Template
+          def self.create(string)
+            parts = (string ? string.scan(/(?=[^\\])\?|(?:\\\?|[^\?])+/m) : [])
+            self.new(parts)
+          end
+
+          attr_reader :count
+
+          def initialize(parts)
+            @parts = parts
+            @count = parts.count('?')
+          end
+
+          def result(parameters)
+            raise "The number of parameters does not match the number of substitutions." if(parameters.size != count)
+            params = parameters.dup
+            expanded_template = ""
+            @parts.each do |part|
+              if part == '?'
+                param = params.shift
+                if Object.const_defined?(:Encoding)
+                  expanded_template += concatenatable(param,
+                                                      expanded_template.encoding)
+                else
+                  expanded_template += param
+                end
+              else
+                expanded_template += part.gsub(/\\\?/m, '?')
+              end
+            end
+            expanded_template
+          end
+
+          private
+          def concatenatable(text, encoding)
+            if Encoding.compatible?(text, encoding)
+              text
+            else
+              text.dup.force_encoding(encoding)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        include Util::BacktraceFilter
+
+        def initialize(user_message, template_string, parameters)
+          @user_message = user_message
+          @template_string = template_string
+          @parameters = parameters
+        end
+
+        def convert(object)
+          self.class.convert(object)
+        end
+
+        def template
+          @template ||= Template.create(@template_string)
+        end
+
+        def user_message
+          return nil unless @user_message
+          message = @user_message
+          message = message.call if message.respond_to?(:call)
+          message.to_s
+        end
+
+        def to_s
+          message_parts = []
+          head = user_message
+          if head and not head.empty?
+            message_parts << add_period(head)
+          end
+          tail = template.result(@parameters.collect{|e| convert(e)})
+          message_parts << tail unless(tail.empty?)
+          message_parts.join("\n")
+        end
+
+        private
+        def add_period(string)
+          (string =~ /\.\Z/ ? string : string + '.')
+        end
+      end
+
+      class AssertExceptionHelper
+        class WrappedException
+          attr_reader :exception
+          def initialize(exception)
+            @exception = exception
+          end
+
+          def inspect
+            if default_inspect?
+              inspected = "#{@exception.class.inspect}(<#{@exception.message}>)"
+              unless (@exception.backtrace || []).empty?
+                inspected += "\n"
+                @exception.backtrace.each do |trace|
+                  inspected << "#{trace}\n"
+                end
+              end
+              inspected
+            else
+              @exception.inspect
+            end
+          end
+
+          def method_missing(name, *args, &block)
+            @exception.__send__(name, *args, &block)
+          end
+
+          private
+          def default_inspect?
+            inspect_method = @exception.method(:inspect)
+            if inspect_method.respond_to?(:owner) and
+                inspect_method.owner == Exception
+              true
+            else
+              default_inspect_method = Exception.instance_method(:inspect)
+              default_inspect_method.bind(@exception).call == @exception.inspect
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def initialize(test_case, expected_exceptions)
+          @test_case = test_case
+          @expected_exceptions = expected_exceptions
+          @expected_classes, @expected_modules, @expected_objects =
+            split_expected_exceptions(expected_exceptions)
+        end
+
+        def expected_exceptions
+          exceptions = @expected_exceptions.collect do |exception|
+            if exception.is_a?(Exception)
+              WrappedException.new(exception)
+            else
+              exception
+            end
+          end
+          if exceptions.size == 1
+            exceptions[0]
+          else
+            exceptions
+          end
+        end
+
+        def expected?(actual_exception, equality=nil)
+          equality ||= :instance_of?
+          expected_class?(actual_exception, equality) or
+            expected_module?(actual_exception) or
+            expected_object?(actual_exception)
+        end
+
+        private
+        def split_expected_exceptions(expected_exceptions)
+          exception_modules = []
+          exception_objects = []
+          exception_classes = []
+          expected_exceptions.each do |exception_type|
+            if exception_type.instance_of?(Module)
+              exception_modules << exception_type
+            elsif exception_object?(exception_type)
+              exception_objects << exception_type
+            elsif exception_class?(exception_type)
+              exception_classes << exception_type
+            else
+              full_message =
+                @test_case.__send__(:build_message,
+                                    nil,
+                                    "<?> must be " +
+                                    "a subclass of Exception, " +
+                                    "an object of Exception subclasses " +
+                                    "or a Module",
+                                    exception_type)
+              @test_case.flunk(full_message)
+            end
+          end
+          [exception_classes, exception_modules, exception_objects]
+        end
+
+        def exception_object?(exception_type)
+          return true if exception_type.is_a?(Exception)
+
+          if Object.const_defined?(:Java)
+            return true if exception_type.is_a?(Java::JavaLang::Throwable)
+          end
+
+          false
+        end
+
+        def exception_class?(exception_type)
+          return true if exception_type <= Exception
+
+          if Object.const_defined?(:Java)
+            return true if exception_type <= Java::JavaLang::Throwable
+          end
+
+          false
+        end
+
+        def expected_class?(actual_exception, equality)
+          @expected_classes.any? do |expected_class|
+            actual_exception.__send__(equality, expected_class)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def expected_module?(actual_exception)
+          @expected_modules.any? do |expected_module|
+            actual_exception.is_a?(expected_module)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def expected_object?(actual_exception)
+          @expected_objects.any? do |expected_object|
+            expected_object == actual_exception or
+              fallback_exception_object_equal(expected_object, actual_exception)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def fallback_exception_object_equal(expected_object, actual_exception)
+          owner = Util::MethodOwnerFinder.find(expected_object, :==)
+          if owner == Kernel or owner == Exception
+            expected_object.class == actual_exception.class and
+              expected_object.message == actual_exception.message
+          else
+            false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # :startdoc:
+    end
+  end
+end