picrate 2.2.0-java → 2.3.0-java

data/src/main/java/monkstone/PicrateLibrary.java

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * The purpose of this class is to load the MathTool into PiCrate runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2018-20 Martin Prout. This code is free software; you can
+ * Copyright (C) 2018-21 Martin Prout. This code is free software; you can
  * redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General
  * Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
  * 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

data/src/main/java/monkstone/fastmath/DegLutTables.java

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/* 
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 Martin Prout
+ * 
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/LGPL/2.1/
+ * 
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+package monkstone.fastmath;
+
+public final class DegLutTables {
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    static public final float PI = 3.1415927f;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    static public final float PI2 = PI * 2;
+    static private final int SIN_BITS = 15; // 16KB. Adjust for accuracy.
+    static private final int SIN_MASK = ~(-1 << SIN_BITS);
+    static private final int SIN_COUNT = SIN_MASK + 1;
+
+    static private final float RAD_FULL = PI * 2;
+    static private final float DEG_FULL = 360;
+    static private final float RAD_TO_INDEX = SIN_COUNT / RAD_FULL;
+    static private final float DEG_TO_INDEX = SIN_COUNT / DEG_FULL;
+
+    /**
+     * multiply by this to convert from radians to degrees
+     */
+    static public final float RADIANS_TO_DEGREES = 180f / PI;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    static public final float RAD_DEG = RADIANS_TO_DEGREES;
+    /**
+     * multiply by this to convert from degrees to radians
+     */
+    static public final float DEGREES_TO_RADIANS = PI / 180;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    static public final float DEG_RAD = DEGREES_TO_RADIANS;
+
+    static private class Sin {
+
+        static final float[] table = new float[SIN_COUNT];
+
+        static {
+            for (int i = 0; i < SIN_COUNT; i++) {
+                table[i] = (float) Math.sin((i + 0.5f) / SIN_COUNT * RAD_FULL);
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < 360; i += 90) {
+                table[(int) (i * DEG_TO_INDEX) & SIN_MASK] = (float) Math.sin(i * DEGREES_TO_RADIANS);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the sine in radians from a lookup table.
+     * @param radians
+     * @return 
+     */
+    static public final float sin(float radians) {
+        return Sin.table[(int) (radians * RAD_TO_INDEX) & SIN_MASK];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the cosine in radians from a lookup table.
+     * @param radians
+     * @return 
+     */
+    static public final float cos(float radians) {
+        return Sin.table[(int) ((radians + PI / 2) * RAD_TO_INDEX) & SIN_MASK];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the sine in radians from a lookup table.
+     * @param degrees
+     * @return 
+     */
+    static public final float sinDeg(float degrees) {
+        return Sin.table[(int) (degrees * DEG_TO_INDEX) & SIN_MASK];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the cosine in radians from a lookup table.
+     * @param degrees
+     * @return 
+     */
+    static public final float cosDeg(float degrees) {
+        return Sin.table[(int) ((degrees + 90) * DEG_TO_INDEX) & SIN_MASK];
+    }
+}
+

data/src/main/java/monkstone/fastmath/Deglut.java

@@ -1,27 +1,26 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-20 Martin Prout
- *
+/* 
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-21 Martin Prout
+ * 
  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 3.0 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
  * http://creativecommons.org/licenses/LGPL/2.1/
- *
+ * 
  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
  * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  */
-
 package monkstone.fastmath;
 
 import org.jruby.Ruby;
-import org.jruby.RubyInteger;
+import org.jruby.RubyNumeric;
 import org.jruby.RubyModule;
 import org.jruby.anno.JRubyModule;
 import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
@@ -29,95 +28,44 @@ import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
 import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
 
 /**
-*
-*
+ *
  * @author Martin Prout
-*/
+ */
 @JRubyModule(name = "DegLut")
 public class Deglut {
 
-  /**
-  * Lookup table for degree cosine/sine, has a fixed precision 1.0
-  * degrees Quite accurate but imprecise
-  */
-  static final double[] SIN_DEG_LUT = new double[91];
-  /**
-  *
-  */
-  public static final double TO_RADIANS = Math.PI / 180;
-  /**
-  *
-  */
-  private static boolean initialized = false;
-
-  private final static int NINETY = 90;
-  private final static int FULL = 360;
-  private static final long serialVersionUID = -1466528933765940101L;
-
-  /**
-  * Initialize sin table with values (first quadrant only)
-  */
-  public static final void initTable() {
-    if (initialized == false) {
-      for (int i = 0; i <= NINETY; i++) {
-        SIN_DEG_LUT[i] = Math.sin(TO_RADIANS * i);
-      }
-      initialized = true;
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param runtime Ruby
+     */
+    public static void createDeglut(final Ruby runtime) {
+        RubyModule deglutModule = runtime.defineModule("DegLut");
+        deglutModule.defineAnnotatedMethods(Deglut.class);
     }
-  }
-
-  /**
-  *
-  * @param runtime Ruby
-  */
-
-  public static void createDeglut(final Ruby runtime){
-    RubyModule deglutModule = runtime.defineModule("DegLut");
-    deglutModule.defineAnnotatedMethods(Deglut.class);
-    Deglut.initTable();
-  }
-
-
-  /**
-  *
-  * @param context ThreadContext
-  * @param recv IRubyObject
-  * @param other IRubyObject degrees
-  * @return sin IRubyObject
-  */
-  @JRubyMethod(name = "sin", module = true)
 
-  public static IRubyObject sin(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject other) {
-    int thet = (int) ((RubyInteger)other).getLongValue();
-    while (thet < 0) {
-      thet += FULL; // Needed because negative modulus plays badly in java
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param context ThreadContext
+     * @param recv IRubyObject
+     * @param other IRubyObject degrees
+     * @return sin IRubyObject
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "sin", module = true)
+    public static IRubyObject sin(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject other) {
+        float thet = (float) ((RubyNumeric) other).getLongValue();
+        return context.runtime.newFloat(DegLutTables.sinDeg(thet));
     }
-    int theta = thet % FULL;
-    int y = theta % NINETY;
-    double result = (theta < NINETY) ? SIN_DEG_LUT[y] : (theta < 180)
-    ? SIN_DEG_LUT[NINETY - y] : (theta < 270)
-    ? -SIN_DEG_LUT[y] : -SIN_DEG_LUT[NINETY - y];
-    return context.runtime.newFloat(result);
-  }
 
-  /**
-  *
-  * @param context ThreadContext
-  * @param recv IRubyObject
-  * @param other IRubyObject degrees
-  * @return cos IRubyObject
-  */
-  @JRubyMethod(name = "cos", module = true)
-  public static IRubyObject cos(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject other) {
-    int thet = (int) ((RubyInteger)other).getLongValue();
-    while (thet < 0) {
-      thet += FULL; // Needed because negative modulus plays badly in java
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param context ThreadContext
+     * @param recv IRubyObject
+     * @param other IRubyObject degrees
+     * @return cos IRubyObject
+     */
+    @JRubyMethod(name = "cos", module = true)
+    public static IRubyObject cos(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject other) {
+        float thet = (float) ((RubyNumeric) other).getLongValue();
+        return context.runtime.newFloat(DegLutTables.cosDeg(thet));
     }
-    int theta = thet % FULL;
-    int y = theta % NINETY;
-    double result = (theta < NINETY) ? SIN_DEG_LUT[NINETY - y] : (theta < 180)
-    ? -SIN_DEG_LUT[y] : (theta < 270)
-    ? -SIN_DEG_LUT[NINETY - y] : SIN_DEG_LUT[y];
-    return context.runtime.newFloat(result);
-  }
 }

data/src/main/java/monkstone/noise/FastTerrain.java

@@ -0,0 +1,874 @@
+package monkstone.noise;
+
+/**
+ * K.jpg's OpenSimplex 2, faster variant
+ *
+ * - 2D is standard simplex implemented using a lookup table. - 3D is
+ * "Re-oriented 4-point BCC noise" which constructs a congruent BCC lattice in a
+ * much different way than usual. - 4D constructs the lattice as a union of five
+ * copies of its reciprocal. It successively finds the closest point on each.
+ *
+ * Multiple versions of each function are provided. See the documentation above
+ * each, for more info.
+ */
+public class FastTerrain implements Noise {
+
+    private static final int PSIZE = 2048;
+    private static final int PMASK = 2047;
+
+    private final short[] perm;
+    private final Grad2[] permGrad2;
+    private final Grad3[] permGrad3;
+    private final Grad4[] permGrad4;
+
+    public FastTerrain(long seed) {
+        perm = new short[PSIZE];
+        permGrad2 = new Grad2[PSIZE];
+        permGrad3 = new Grad3[PSIZE];
+        permGrad4 = new Grad4[PSIZE];
+        short[] source = new short[PSIZE];
+        for (short i = 0; i < PSIZE; i++) {
+            source[i] = i;
+        }
+        for (int i = PSIZE - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            seed = seed * 6364136223846793005L + 1442695040888963407L;
+            int r = (int) ((seed + 31) % (i + 1));
+            if (r < 0) {
+                r += (i + 1);
+            }
+            perm[i] = source[r];
+            permGrad2[i] = GRADIENTS_2D[perm[i]];
+            permGrad3[i] = GRADIENTS_3D[perm[i]];
+            permGrad4[i] = GRADIENTS_4D[perm[i]];
+            source[r] = source[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+	 * Noise Evaluators
+     */
+    /**
+     * 2D Simplex noise, standard lattice orientation.
+     *
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @return
+     */
+    public double noise2(double x, double y) {
+
+        // Get points for A2* lattice
+        double s = 0.366025403784439 * (x + y);
+        double xs = x + s, ys = y + s;
+
+        return noise2_Base(xs, ys);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 2D Simplex noise, with Y pointing down the main diagonal.Might be better
+     * for a 2D sandbox style game, where Y is vertical.Probably slightly less
+     * optimal for heightmaps or continent maps.
+     *
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @return
+     */
+    public double noise2_XBeforeY(double x, double y) {
+
+        // Skew transform and rotation baked into one.
+        double xx = x * 0.7071067811865476;
+        double yy = y * 1.224744871380249;
+
+        return noise2_Base(yy + xx, yy - xx);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 2D Simplex noise base. Lookup table implementation inspired by
+     * DigitalShadow.
+     */
+    private double noise2_Base(double xs, double ys) {
+        double value = 0;
+
+        // Get base points and offsets
+        int xsb = fastFloor(xs), ysb = fastFloor(ys);
+        double xsi = xs - xsb, ysi = ys - ysb;
+
+        // Index to point list
+        int index = (int) ((ysi - xsi) / 2 + 1);
+
+        double ssi = (xsi + ysi) * -0.211324865405187;
+        double xi = xsi + ssi, yi = ysi + ssi;
+
+        // Point contributions
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            LatticePoint2D c = LOOKUP_2D[index + i];
+
+            double dx = xi + c.dx, dy = yi + c.dy;
+            double attn = 0.5 - dx * dx - dy * dy;
+            if (attn <= 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            int pxm = (xsb + c.xsv) & PMASK, pym = (ysb + c.ysv) & PMASK;
+            Grad2 grad = permGrad2[perm[pxm] ^ pym];
+            double extrapolation = grad.dx * dx + grad.dy * dy;
+
+            attn *= attn;
+            value += attn * attn * extrapolation;
+        }
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 3D Re-oriented 4-point BCC noise, with better visual isotropy in (X,
+     * Y).Recommended for 3D terrain and time-varied animations.The Z coordinate
+     * should always be the "different" coordinate in your use case.If Y is
+     * vertical in world coordinates, call noise3_XYBeforeZ(x, z, Y) or use
+     * noise3_XZBeforeY.If Z is vertical in world coordinates, call
+     * noise3_XYBeforeZ(x, y, Z). For a time varied animation, call
+     * noise3_XYBeforeZ(x, y, T).
+     *
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @param z
+     * @return
+     */
+    public double noise3_XYBeforeZ(double x, double y, double z) {
+
+        // Re-orient the cubic lattices without skewing, to make X and Y triangular like 2D.
+        // Orthonormal rotation. Not a skew transform.
+        double xy = x + y;
+        double s2 = xy * -0.211324865405187;
+        double zz = z * 0.577350269189626;
+        double xr = x + s2 - zz, yr = y + s2 - zz;
+        double zr = xy * 0.577350269189626 + zz;
+
+        // Evaluate both lattices to form a BCC lattice.
+        return noise3_BCC(xr, yr, zr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 3D Re-oriented 4-point BCC noise, with better visual isotropy in (X,
+     * Z).Recommended for 3D terrain and time-varied animations.The Y coordinate
+     * should always be the "different" coordinate in your use case.If Y is
+     * vertical in world coordinates, call noise3_XZBeforeY(x, Y, z).If Z is
+     * vertical in world coordinates, call noise3_XZBeforeY(x, Z, y) or use
+     * noise3_XYBeforeZ. For a time varied animation, call noise3_XZBeforeY(x,
+     * T, y) or use noise3_XYBeforeZ.
+     *
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @param z
+     * @return
+     */
+    public double noise3_XZBeforeY(double x, double y, double z) {
+
+        // Re-orient the cubic lattices without skewing, to make X and Z triangular like 2D.
+        // Orthonormal rotation. Not a skew transform.
+        double xz = x + z;
+        double s2 = xz * -0.211324865405187;
+        double yy = y * 0.577350269189626;
+        double xr = x + s2 - yy;
+        double zr = z + s2 - yy;
+        double yr = xz * 0.577350269189626 + yy;
+
+        // Evaluate both lattices to form a BCC lattice.
+        return noise3_BCC(xr, yr, zr);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate overlapping cubic lattices for 3D Re-oriented BCC noise. Lookup
+     * table implementation inspired by DigitalShadow. It was actually faster to
+     * narrow down the points in the loop itself, than to build up the index
+     * with enough info to isolate 4 points.
+     */
+    private double noise3_BCC(double xr, double yr, double zr) {
+
+        // Get base and offsets inside cube of first lattice.
+        int xrb = fastFloor(xr), yrb = fastFloor(yr), zrb = fastFloor(zr);
+        double xri = xr - xrb, yri = yr - yrb, zri = zr - zrb;
+
+        // Identify which octant of the cube we're in. This determines which cell
+        // in the other cubic lattice we're in, and also narrows down one point on each.
+        int xht = (int) (xri + 0.5), yht = (int) (yri + 0.5), zht = (int) (zri + 0.5);
+        int index = (xht) | (yht << 1) | (zht << 2);
+
+        // Point contributions
+        double value = 0;
+        LatticePoint3D c = LOOKUP_3D[index];
+        while (c != null) {
+            double dxr = xri + c.dxr, dyr = yri + c.dyr, dzr = zri + c.dzr;
+            double attn = 0.5 - dxr * dxr - dyr * dyr - dzr * dzr;
+            if (attn < 0) {
+                c = c.nextOnFailure;
+            } else {
+                int pxm = (xrb + c.xrv) & PMASK, pym = (yrb + c.yrv) & PMASK, pzm = (zrb + c.zrv) & PMASK;
+                Grad3 grad = permGrad3[perm[perm[pxm] ^ pym] ^ pzm];
+                double extrapolation = grad.dx * dxr + grad.dy * dyr + grad.dz * dzr;
+
+                attn *= attn;
+                value += attn * attn * extrapolation;
+                c = c.nextOnSuccess;
+            }
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 4D FastTerrain noise, with XY and ZW forming orthogonal
+     * triangular-based planes.Recommended for 3D terrain, where X and Y (or Z
+     * and W) are horizontal.Recommended for noise(x, y, sin(time), cos(time))
+     * trick.
+     *
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @param z
+     * @param w
+     * @return
+     */
+    public double noise4_XYBeforeZW(double x, double y, double z, double w) {
+
+        double s2 = (x + y) * -0.178275657951399372 + (z + w) * 0.215623393288842828;
+        double t2 = (z + w) * -0.403949762580207112 + (x + y) * -0.375199083010075342;
+        double xs = x + s2, ys = y + s2, zs = z + t2, ws = w + t2;
+
+        return noise4_Base(xs, ys, zs, ws);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 4D FastTerrain noise, with XYZ oriented like noise3_Classic, and W for
+     * an extra degree of freedom.W repeats eventually.Recommended for
+     * time-varied animations which texture a 3D object (W=time)
+     *
+     * @param x
+     * @param y
+     * @param z
+     * @param w
+     * @return
+     */
+    public double noise4_XYZBeforeW(double x, double y, double z, double w) {
+
+        double xyz = x + y + z;
+        double ww = w * 0.2236067977499788;
+        double s2 = xyz * -0.16666666666666666 + ww;
+        double xs = x + s2, ys = y + s2, zs = z + s2, ws = -0.5 * xyz + ww;
+
+        return noise4_Base(xs, ys, zs, ws);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 4D FastTerrain noise base. Current implementation not fully optimized
+     * by lookup tables. But still comes out slightly ahead of Gustavson's
+     * Simplex in tests.
+     */
+    private double noise4_Base(double xs, double ys, double zs, double ws) {
+        double value = 0;
+
+        // Get base points and offsets
+        int xsb = fastFloor(xs), ysb = fastFloor(ys), zsb = fastFloor(zs), wsb = fastFloor(ws);
+        double xsi = xs - xsb, ysi = ys - ysb, zsi = zs - zsb, wsi = ws - wsb;
+
+        // If we're in the lower half, flip so we can repeat the code for the upper half. We'll flip back later.
+        double siSum = xsi + ysi + zsi + wsi;
+        double ssi = siSum * 0.309016994374947; // Prep for vertex contributions.
+        boolean inLowerHalf = (siSum < 2);
+        if (inLowerHalf) {
+            xsi = 1 - xsi;
+            ysi = 1 - ysi;
+            zsi = 1 - zsi;
+            wsi = 1 - wsi;
+            siSum = 4 - siSum;
+        }
+
+        // Consider opposing vertex pairs of the octahedron formed by the central cross-section of the stretched tesseract
+        double aabb = xsi + ysi - zsi - wsi, abab = xsi - ysi + zsi - wsi, abba = xsi - ysi - zsi + wsi;
+        double aabbScore = Math.abs(aabb), ababScore = Math.abs(abab), abbaScore = Math.abs(abba);
+
+        // Find the closest point on the stretched tesseract as if it were the upper half
+        int vertexIndex, via, vib;
+        double asi, bsi;
+        if (aabbScore > ababScore && aabbScore > abbaScore) {
+            if (aabb > 0) {
+                asi = zsi;
+                bsi = wsi;
+                vertexIndex = 0b0011;
+                via = 0b0111;
+                vib = 0b1011;
+            } else {
+                asi = xsi;
+                bsi = ysi;
+                vertexIndex = 0b1100;
+                via = 0b1101;
+                vib = 0b1110;
+            }
+        } else if (ababScore > abbaScore) {
+            if (abab > 0) {
+                asi = ysi;
+                bsi = wsi;
+                vertexIndex = 0b0101;
+                via = 0b0111;
+                vib = 0b1101;
+            } else {
+                asi = xsi;
+                bsi = zsi;
+                vertexIndex = 0b1010;
+                via = 0b1011;
+                vib = 0b1110;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (abba > 0) {
+                asi = ysi;
+                bsi = zsi;
+                vertexIndex = 0b1001;
+                via = 0b1011;
+                vib = 0b1101;
+            } else {
+                asi = xsi;
+                bsi = wsi;
+                vertexIndex = 0b0110;
+                via = 0b0111;
+                vib = 0b1110;
+            }
+        }
+        if (bsi > asi) {
+            via = vib;
+            double temp = bsi;
+            bsi = asi;
+            asi = temp;
+        }
+        if (siSum + asi > 3) {
+            vertexIndex = via;
+            if (siSum + bsi > 4) {
+                vertexIndex = 0b1111;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Now flip back if we're actually in the lower half.
+        if (inLowerHalf) {
+            xsi = 1 - xsi;
+            ysi = 1 - ysi;
+            zsi = 1 - zsi;
+            wsi = 1 - wsi;
+            vertexIndex ^= 0b1111;
+        }
+
+        // Five points to add, total, from five copies of the A4 lattice.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+
+            // Update xsb/etc. and add the lattice point's contribution.
+            LatticePoint4D c = VERTICES_4D[vertexIndex];
+            xsb += c.xsv;
+            ysb += c.ysv;
+            zsb += c.zsv;
+            wsb += c.wsv;
+            double xi = xsi + ssi, yi = ysi + ssi, zi = zsi + ssi, wi = wsi + ssi;
+            double dx = xi + c.dx, dy = yi + c.dy, dz = zi + c.dz, dw = wi + c.dw;
+            double attn = 0.5 - dx * dx - dy * dy - dz * dz - dw * dw;
+            if (attn > 0) {
+                int pxm = xsb & PMASK, pym = ysb & PMASK, pzm = zsb & PMASK, pwm = wsb & PMASK;
+                Grad4 grad = permGrad4[perm[perm[perm[pxm] ^ pym] ^ pzm] ^ pwm];
+                double ramped = grad.dx * dx + grad.dy * dy + grad.dz * dz + grad.dw * dw;
+
+                attn *= attn;
+                value += attn * attn * ramped;
+            }
+
+            // Maybe this helps the compiler/JVM/LLVM/etc. know we can end the loop here. Maybe not.
+            if (i == 4) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Update the relative skewed coordinates to reference the vertex we just added.
+            // Rather, reference its counterpart on the lattice copy that is shifted down by
+            // the vector <-0.2, -0.2, -0.2, -0.2>
+            xsi += c.xsi;
+            ysi += c.ysi;
+            zsi += c.zsi;
+            wsi += c.wsi;
+            ssi += c.ssiDelta;
+
+            // Next point is the closest vertex on the 4-simplex whose base vertex is the aforementioned vertex.
+            double score0 = 1.0 + ssi * (-1.0 / 0.309016994374947); // Seems slightly faster than 1.0-xsi-ysi-zsi-wsi
+            vertexIndex = 0b0000;
+            if (xsi >= ysi && xsi >= zsi && xsi >= wsi && xsi >= score0) {
+                vertexIndex = 0b0001;
+            } else if (ysi > xsi && ysi >= zsi && ysi >= wsi && ysi >= score0) {
+                vertexIndex = 0b0010;
+            } else if (zsi > xsi && zsi > ysi && zsi >= wsi && zsi >= score0) {
+                vertexIndex = 0b0100;
+            } else if (wsi > xsi && wsi > ysi && wsi > zsi && wsi >= score0) {
+                vertexIndex = 0b1000;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /*
+	 * Utility
+     */
+    private static int fastFloor(double x) {
+        int xi = (int) x;
+        return x < xi ? xi - 1 : xi;
+    }
+
+    /*
+	 * Definitions
+     */
+    private static final LatticePoint2D[] LOOKUP_2D;
+    private static final LatticePoint3D[] LOOKUP_3D;
+    private static final LatticePoint4D[] VERTICES_4D;
+
+    static {
+        LOOKUP_2D = new LatticePoint2D[4];
+        LOOKUP_3D = new LatticePoint3D[8];
+        VERTICES_4D = new LatticePoint4D[16];
+
+        LOOKUP_2D[0] = new LatticePoint2D(1, 0);
+        LOOKUP_2D[1] = new LatticePoint2D(0, 0);
+        LOOKUP_2D[2] = new LatticePoint2D(1, 1);
+        LOOKUP_2D[3] = new LatticePoint2D(0, 1);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            int i1, j1, k1, i2, j2, k2;
+            i1 = (i) & 1;
+            j1 = (i >> 1) & 1;
+            k1 = (i >> 2) & 1;
+            i2 = i1 ^ 1;
+            j2 = j1 ^ 1;
+            k2 = k1 ^ 1;
+
+            // The two points within this octant, one from each of the two cubic half-lattices.
+            LatticePoint3D c0 = new LatticePoint3D(i1, j1, k1, 0);
+            LatticePoint3D c1 = new LatticePoint3D(i1 + i2, j1 + j2, k1 + k2, 1);
+
+            // Each single step away on the first half-lattice.
+            LatticePoint3D c2 = new LatticePoint3D(i1 ^ 1, j1, k1, 0);
+            LatticePoint3D c3 = new LatticePoint3D(i1, j1 ^ 1, k1, 0);
+            LatticePoint3D c4 = new LatticePoint3D(i1, j1, k1 ^ 1, 0);
+
+            // Each single step away on the second half-lattice.
+            LatticePoint3D c5 = new LatticePoint3D(i1 + (i2 ^ 1), j1 + j2, k1 + k2, 1);
+            LatticePoint3D c6 = new LatticePoint3D(i1 + i2, j1 + (j2 ^ 1), k1 + k2, 1);
+            LatticePoint3D c7 = new LatticePoint3D(i1 + i2, j1 + j2, k1 + (k2 ^ 1), 1);
+
+            // First two are guaranteed.
+            c0.nextOnFailure = c0.nextOnSuccess = c1;
+            c1.nextOnFailure = c1.nextOnSuccess = c2;
+
+            // Once we find one on the first half-lattice, the rest are out.
+            // In addition, knowing c2 rules out c5.
+            c2.nextOnFailure = c3;
+            c2.nextOnSuccess = c6;
+            c3.nextOnFailure = c4;
+            c3.nextOnSuccess = c5;
+            c4.nextOnFailure = c4.nextOnSuccess = c5;
+
+            // Once we find one on the second half-lattice, the rest are out.
+            c5.nextOnFailure = c6;
+            c5.nextOnSuccess = null;
+            c6.nextOnFailure = c7;
+            c6.nextOnSuccess = null;
+            c7.nextOnFailure = c7.nextOnSuccess = null;
+
+            LOOKUP_3D[i] = c0;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            VERTICES_4D[i] = new LatticePoint4D((i) & 1, (i >> 1) & 1, (i >> 2) & 1, (i >> 3) & 1);
+        }
+    }
+    
+     @Override
+    public float noise(float x, float y){
+        return (float)noise2_XBeforeY(x, y);    
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float noise(float x, float y, float z) {
+        return (float)noise3_XYBeforeZ(x, y, z);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float noise(float x, float y, float z, float w) {
+        return (float)noise4_XYBeforeZW(x, y, z, w);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void noiseMode(NoiseMode mode) {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void noiseSeed(long seed) {
+    }
+
+    private static class LatticePoint2D {
+
+        int xsv, ysv;
+        double dx, dy;
+
+        public LatticePoint2D(int xsv, int ysv) {
+            this.xsv = xsv;
+            this.ysv = ysv;
+            double ssv = (xsv + ysv) * -0.211324865405187;
+            this.dx = -xsv - ssv;
+            this.dy = -ysv - ssv;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class LatticePoint3D {
+
+        public double dxr, dyr, dzr;
+        public int xrv, yrv, zrv;
+        LatticePoint3D nextOnFailure, nextOnSuccess;
+
+        public LatticePoint3D(int xrv, int yrv, int zrv, int lattice) {
+            this.dxr = -xrv + lattice * 0.5;
+            this.dyr = -yrv + lattice * 0.5;
+            this.dzr = -zrv + lattice * 0.5;
+            this.xrv = xrv + lattice * 1024;
+            this.yrv = yrv + lattice * 1024;
+            this.zrv = zrv + lattice * 1024;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class LatticePoint4D {
+
+        int xsv, ysv, zsv, wsv;
+        double dx, dy, dz, dw;
+        double xsi, ysi, zsi, wsi;
+        double ssiDelta;
+
+        public LatticePoint4D(int xsv, int ysv, int zsv, int wsv) {
+            this.xsv = xsv + 409;
+            this.ysv = ysv + 409;
+            this.zsv = zsv + 409;
+            this.wsv = wsv + 409;
+            double ssv = (xsv + ysv + zsv + wsv) * 0.309016994374947;
+            this.dx = -xsv - ssv;
+            this.dy = -ysv - ssv;
+            this.dz = -zsv - ssv;
+            this.dw = -wsv - ssv;
+            this.xsi = xsi = 0.2 - xsv;
+            this.ysi = ysi = 0.2 - ysv;
+            this.zsi = zsi = 0.2 - zsv;
+            this.wsi = wsi = 0.2 - wsv;
+            this.ssiDelta = (0.8 - xsv - ysv - zsv - wsv) * 0.309016994374947;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+	 * Gradients
+     */
+    private static class Grad2 {
+
+        double dx, dy;
+
+        public Grad2(double dx, double dy) {
+            this.dx = dx;
+            this.dy = dy;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class Grad3 {
+
+        double dx, dy, dz;
+
+        public Grad3(double dx, double dy, double dz) {
+            this.dx = dx;
+            this.dy = dy;
+            this.dz = dz;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class Grad4 {
+
+        double dx, dy, dz, dw;
+
+        public Grad4(double dx, double dy, double dz, double dw) {
+            this.dx = dx;
+            this.dy = dy;
+            this.dz = dz;
+            this.dw = dw;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final double N2 = 0.01001634121365712;
+    private static final double N3 = 0.030485933181293584;
+    private static final double N4 = 0.009202377986303158;
+    private static final Grad2[] GRADIENTS_2D;
+    private static final Grad3[] GRADIENTS_3D;
+    private static final Grad4[] GRADIENTS_4D;
+
+    static {
+
+        GRADIENTS_2D = new Grad2[PSIZE];
+        Grad2[] grad2 = {
+            new Grad2(0.130526192220052, 0.99144486137381),
+            new Grad2(0.38268343236509, 0.923879532511287),
+            new Grad2(0.608761429008721, 0.793353340291235),
+            new Grad2(0.793353340291235, 0.608761429008721),
+            new Grad2(0.923879532511287, 0.38268343236509),
+            new Grad2(0.99144486137381, 0.130526192220051),
+            new Grad2(0.99144486137381, -0.130526192220051),
+            new Grad2(0.923879532511287, -0.38268343236509),
+            new Grad2(0.793353340291235, -0.60876142900872),
+            new Grad2(0.608761429008721, -0.793353340291235),
+            new Grad2(0.38268343236509, -0.923879532511287),
+            new Grad2(0.130526192220052, -0.99144486137381),
+            new Grad2(-0.130526192220052, -0.99144486137381),
+            new Grad2(-0.38268343236509, -0.923879532511287),
+            new Grad2(-0.608761429008721, -0.793353340291235),
+            new Grad2(-0.793353340291235, -0.608761429008721),
+            new Grad2(-0.923879532511287, -0.38268343236509),
+            new Grad2(-0.99144486137381, -0.130526192220052),
+            new Grad2(-0.99144486137381, 0.130526192220051),
+            new Grad2(-0.923879532511287, 0.38268343236509),
+            new Grad2(-0.793353340291235, 0.608761429008721),
+            new Grad2(-0.608761429008721, 0.793353340291235),
+            new Grad2(-0.38268343236509, 0.923879532511287),
+            new Grad2(-0.130526192220052, 0.99144486137381)
+        };
+        for (Grad2 grad21 : grad2) {
+            grad21.dx /= N2;
+            grad21.dy /= N2;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < PSIZE; i++) {
+            GRADIENTS_2D[i] = grad2[i % grad2.length];
+        }
+
+        GRADIENTS_3D = new Grad3[PSIZE];
+        Grad3[] grad3 = {
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, -2.22474487139, -1.0),
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, -2.22474487139, 1.0),
+            new Grad3(-3.0862664687972017, -1.1721513422464978, 0.0),
+            new Grad3(-1.1721513422464978, -3.0862664687972017, 0.0),
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, -1.0, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, 1.0, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(-1.1721513422464978, 0.0, -3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(-3.0862664687972017, 0.0, -1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, -1.0, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, 1.0, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(-3.0862664687972017, 0.0, 1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(-1.1721513422464978, 0.0, 3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, 2.22474487139, -1.0),
+            new Grad3(-2.22474487139, 2.22474487139, 1.0),
+            new Grad3(-1.1721513422464978, 3.0862664687972017, 0.0),
+            new Grad3(-3.0862664687972017, 1.1721513422464978, 0.0),
+            new Grad3(-1.0, -2.22474487139, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(1.0, -2.22474487139, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(0.0, -3.0862664687972017, -1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(0.0, -1.1721513422464978, -3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(-1.0, -2.22474487139, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(1.0, -2.22474487139, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(0.0, -1.1721513422464978, 3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(0.0, -3.0862664687972017, 1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(-1.0, 2.22474487139, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(1.0, 2.22474487139, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(0.0, 1.1721513422464978, -3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(0.0, 3.0862664687972017, -1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(-1.0, 2.22474487139, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(1.0, 2.22474487139, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(0.0, 3.0862664687972017, 1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(0.0, 1.1721513422464978, 3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, -2.22474487139, -1.0),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, -2.22474487139, 1.0),
+            new Grad3(1.1721513422464978, -3.0862664687972017, 0.0),
+            new Grad3(3.0862664687972017, -1.1721513422464978, 0.0),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, -1.0, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, 1.0, -2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(3.0862664687972017, 0.0, -1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(1.1721513422464978, 0.0, -3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, -1.0, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, 1.0, 2.22474487139),
+            new Grad3(1.1721513422464978, 0.0, 3.0862664687972017),
+            new Grad3(3.0862664687972017, 0.0, 1.1721513422464978),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, 2.22474487139, -1.0),
+            new Grad3(2.22474487139, 2.22474487139, 1.0),
+            new Grad3(3.0862664687972017, 1.1721513422464978, 0.0),
+            new Grad3(1.1721513422464978, 3.0862664687972017, 0.0)
+        };
+        for (Grad3 grad31 : grad3) {
+            grad31.dx /= N3;
+            grad31.dy /= N3;
+            grad31.dz /= N3;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < PSIZE; i++) {
+            GRADIENTS_3D[i] = grad3[i % grad3.length];
+        }
+
+        GRADIENTS_4D = new Grad4[PSIZE];
+        Grad4[] grad4 = {
+            new Grad4(-0.753341017856078, -0.37968289875261624, -0.37968289875261624, -0.37968289875261624),
+            new Grad4(-0.7821684431180708, -0.4321472685365301, -0.4321472685365301, 0.12128480194602098),
+            new Grad4(-0.7821684431180708, -0.4321472685365301, 0.12128480194602098, -0.4321472685365301),
+            new Grad4(-0.7821684431180708, 0.12128480194602098, -0.4321472685365301, -0.4321472685365301),
+            new Grad4(-0.8586508742123365, -0.508629699630796, 0.044802370851755174, 0.044802370851755174),
+            new Grad4(-0.8586508742123365, 0.044802370851755174, -0.508629699630796, 0.044802370851755174),
+            new Grad4(-0.8586508742123365, 0.044802370851755174, 0.044802370851755174, -0.508629699630796),
+            new Grad4(-0.9982828964265062, -0.03381941603233842, -0.03381941603233842, -0.03381941603233842),
+            new Grad4(-0.37968289875261624, -0.753341017856078, -0.37968289875261624, -0.37968289875261624),
+            new Grad4(-0.4321472685365301, -0.7821684431180708, -0.4321472685365301, 0.12128480194602098),
+            new Grad4(-0.4321472685365301, -0.7821684431180708, 0.12128480194602098, -0.4321472685365301),
+            new Grad4(0.12128480194602098, -0.7821684431180708, -0.4321472685365301, -0.4321472685365301),
+            new Grad4(-0.508629699630796, -0.8586508742123365, 0.044802370851755174, 0.044802370851755174),
+            new Grad4(0.044802370851755174, -0.8586508742123365, -0.508629699630796, 0.044802370851755174),
+            new Grad4(0.044802370851755174, -0.8586508742123365, 0.044802370851755174, -0.508629699630796),
+            new Grad4(-0.03381941603233842, -0.9982828964265062, -0.03381941603233842, -0.03381941603233842),
+            new Grad4(-0.37968289875261624, -0.37968289875261624, -0.753341017856078, -0.37968289875261624),
+            new Grad4(-0.4321472685365301, -0.4321472685365301, -0.7821684431180708, 0.12128480194602098),
+            new Grad4(-0.4321472685365301, 0.12128480194602098, -0.7821684431180708, -0.4321472685365301),
+            new Grad4(0.12128480194602098, -0.4321472685365301, -0.7821684431180708, -0.4321472685365301),
+            new Grad4(-0.508629699630796, 0.044802370851755174, -0.8586508742123365, 0.044802370851755174),
+            new Grad4(0.044802370851755174, -0.508629699630796, -0.8586508742123365, 0.044802370851755174),
+            new Grad4(0.044802370851755174, 0.044802370851755174, -0.8586508742123365, -0.508629699630796),
+            new Grad4(-0.03381941603233842, -0.03381941603233842, -0.9982828964265062, -0.03381941603233842),
+            new Grad4(-0.37968289875261624, -0.37968289875261624, -0.37968289875261624, -0.753341017856078),
+            new Grad4(-0.4321472685365301, -0.4321472685365301, 0.12128480194602098, -0.7821684431180708),
+            new Grad4(-0.4321472685365301, 0.12128480194602098, -0.4321472685365301, -0.7821684431180708),
+            new Grad4(0.12128480194602098, -0.4321472685365301, -0.4321472685365301, -0.7821684431180708),
+            new Grad4(-0.508629699630796, 0.044802370851755174, 0.044802370851755174, -0.8586508742123365),
+            new Grad4(0.044802370851755174, -0.508629699630796, 0.044802370851755174, -0.8586508742123365),
+            new Grad4(0.044802370851755174, 0.044802370851755174, -0.508629699630796, -0.8586508742123365),
+            new Grad4(-0.03381941603233842, -0.03381941603233842, -0.03381941603233842, -0.9982828964265062),
+            new Grad4(-0.6740059517812944, -0.3239847771997537, -0.3239847771997537, 0.5794684678643381),
+            new Grad4(-0.7504883828755602, -0.4004672082940195, 0.15296486218853164, 0.5029860367700724),
+            new Grad4(-0.7504883828755602, 0.15296486218853164, -0.4004672082940195, 0.5029860367700724),
+            new Grad4(-0.8828161875373585, 0.08164729285680945, 0.08164729285680945, 0.4553054119602712),
+            new Grad4(-0.4553054119602712, -0.08164729285680945, -0.08164729285680945, 0.8828161875373585),
+            new Grad4(-0.5029860367700724, -0.15296486218853164, 0.4004672082940195, 0.7504883828755602),
+            new Grad4(-0.5029860367700724, 0.4004672082940195, -0.15296486218853164, 0.7504883828755602),
+            new Grad4(-0.5794684678643381, 0.3239847771997537, 0.3239847771997537, 0.6740059517812944),
+            new Grad4(-0.3239847771997537, -0.6740059517812944, -0.3239847771997537, 0.5794684678643381),
+            new Grad4(-0.4004672082940195, -0.7504883828755602, 0.15296486218853164, 0.5029860367700724),
+            new Grad4(0.15296486218853164, -0.7504883828755602, -0.4004672082940195, 0.5029860367700724),
+            new Grad4(0.08164729285680945, -0.8828161875373585, 0.08164729285680945, 0.4553054119602712),
+            new Grad4(-0.08164729285680945, -0.4553054119602712, -0.08164729285680945, 0.8828161875373585),
+            new Grad4(-0.15296486218853164, -0.5029860367700724, 0.4004672082940195, 0.7504883828755602),
+            new Grad4(0.4004672082940195, -0.5029860367700724, -0.15296486218853164, 0.7504883828755602),
+            new Grad4(0.3239847771997537, -0.5794684678643381, 0.3239847771997537, 0.6740059517812944),
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+        };
+        for (Grad4 grad41 : grad4) {
+            grad41.dx /= N4;
+            grad41.dy /= N4;
+            grad41.dz /= N4;
+            grad41.dw /= N4;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < PSIZE; i++) {
+            GRADIENTS_4D[i] = grad4[i % grad4.length];
+        }
+    }
+}