phlex 1.11.1 → 2.0.0.beta1

data/lib/phlex/sgml.rb

@@ -1,524 +1,641 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-module Phlex
-	# **Standard Generalized Markup Language** for behaviour common to {HTML} and {SVG}.
-	class SGML
-		include Helpers
-		REF_ATTRIBUTES = Set.new(%w[href src action formaction lowsrc dynsrc background ping xlinkhref]).freeze
-		NAMED_CHARACTER_REFERENCES = {
-			"colon" => ":",
-			"tab" => "\t",
-			"newline" => "\n",
-		}.freeze
-		UNSAFE_ATTRIBUTE_NAME_CHARS = %r([<>&"'/=\s\x00])
-
-		class << self
-			# Render the view to a String. Arguments are delegated to {.new}.
-			def call(...)
-				new(...).call
-			end
+# **Standard Generalized Markup Language** for behaviour common to {HTML} and {SVG}.
+class Phlex::SGML
+	autoload :SafeObject, "phlex/sgml/safe_object"
+	autoload :SafeValue, "phlex/sgml/safe_value"
 
-			# Create a new instance of the component.
-			# @note The block will not be delegated {#initialize}. Instead, it will be sent to {#template} when rendering.
-			def new(*args, **kwargs, &block)
-				if block
-					object = super(*args, **kwargs, &nil)
-					object.instance_variable_set(:@_content_block, block)
-					object
-				else
-					super
-				end
-			end
+	include Phlex::Helpers
 
-			# @api private
-			def rendered_at_least_once!
-				alias_method :__attributes__, :__final_attributes__
-				alias_method :call, :__final_call__
-			end
+	class << self
+		# Render the view to a String. Arguments are delegated to {.new}.
+		def call(...)
+			new(...).call
+		end
 
-			# @api private
-			def element_method?(method_name)
-				return false unless instance_methods.include?(method_name)
+		# Create a new instance of the component.
+		# @note The block will not be delegated {#initialize}. Instead, it will be sent to {#template} when rendering.
+		def new(*, **, &block)
+			if block
+				object = super(*, **, &nil)
+				object.instance_exec { @_content_block = block }
+				object
+			else
+				super
+			end
+		end
 
+		# @api private
+		def __element_method__?(method_name)
+			if instance_methods.include?(method_name)
 				owner = instance_method(method_name).owner
 
-				return true if owner.is_a?(Phlex::Elements) && owner.registered_elements[method_name]
-
+				if Phlex::Elements === owner && owner.registered_elements[method_name]
+					true
+				else
+					false
+				end
+			else
 				false
 			end
 		end
+	end
 
-		# @!method initialize
-		# @abstract Override to define an initializer for your component.
-		# @note Your initializer will not receive a block passed to {.new}. Instead, this block will be sent to {#template} when rendering.
-		# @example
-		# 	def initialize(articles:)
-		# 		@articles = articles
-		# 	end
-
-		# @abstract Override to define a template for your component.
-		# @example
-		# 	def view_template
-		# 		h1 { "👋 Hello World!" }
-		# 	end
-		# @example Your template may yield a content block.
-		# 	def view_template
-		# 		main {
-		# 			h1 { "Hello World" }
-		# 			yield
-		# 		}
-		# 	end
-		# @example Alternatively, you can delegate the content block to an element.
-		# 	def view_template(&block)
-		# 		article(class: "card", &block)
-		# 	end
-		def template
+	# @!method initialize
+	# @abstract Override to define an initializer for your component.
+	# @note Your initializer will not receive a block passed to {.new}. Instead, this block will be sent to {#template} when rendering.
+	# @example
+	# 	def initialize(articles:)
+	# 		@articles = articles
+	# 	end
+
+	# @abstract Override to define a template for your component.
+	# @example
+	# 	def view_template
+	# 		h1 { "👋 Hello World!" }
+	# 	end
+	# @example Your template may yield a content block.
+	# 	def view_template
+	# 		main {
+	# 			h1 { "Hello World" }
+	# 			yield
+	# 		}
+	# 	end
+	# @example Alternatively, you can delegate the content block to an element.
+	# 	def view_template(&block)
+	# 		article(class: "card", &block)
+	# 	end
+	def view_template
+		if block_given?
 			yield
 		end
+	end
 
-		def self.method_added(method_name)
-			if method_name == :template
-				Kernel.warn "⚠️ [DEPRECATION] Defining the `template` method on a Phlex component will not be supported in Phlex 2.0. Please rename `#{name}#template` to `#{name}#view_template` instead."
-			end
-		end
-
-		def view_template(&block)
-			template(&block)
+	def await(task)
+		case task
+		when defined?(Concurrent::IVar) && Concurrent::IVar
+			flush if task.pending?
+			task.wait.value
+		when defined?(Async::Task) && Async::Task
+			flush if task.running?
+			task.wait
+		else
+			raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Expected an asynchronous task / promise.")
 		end
+	end
 
-		def await(task)
-			case task
-			when defined?(Concurrent::IVar) && Concurrent::IVar
-				flush if task.pending?
-				task.wait.value
-			when defined?(Async::Task) && Async::Task
-				flush if task.running?
-				task.wait
-			else
-				raise ArgumentError, "Expected an asynchronous task / promise."
-			end
-		end
+	def to_proc
+		proc { |c| c.render(self) }
+	end
 
-		# Renders the view and returns the buffer. The default buffer is a mutable String.
-		def call(...)
-			__final_call__(...).tap do
-				self.class.rendered_at_least_once!
-			end
-		end
+	# Renders the view and returns the buffer. The default buffer is a mutable String.
+	def call(buffer = +"", context: Phlex::Context.new, view_context: nil, parent: nil, fragments: nil, &block)
+		@_buffer = buffer
+		@_context = context
+		@_view_context = view_context
+		@_parent = parent
 
-		# @api private
-		def __final_call__(buffer = +"", context: Phlex::Context.new, view_context: nil, parent: nil, fragments: nil, &block)
-			@_buffer = buffer
-			@_context = context
-			@_view_context = view_context
-			@_parent = parent
-			if @_rendered
-			  warn "⚠️ [WARNING] You are rendering a component #{self.class.name} twice. This is not supported in Phlex 2.0."
-			end
-	    @_rendered = true
+		raise Phlex::DoubleRenderError.new("You can't render a #{self.class.name} more than once.") if @_rendered
+		@_rendered = true
 
-			if fragments
-				warn "⚠️ [WARNING] Selective Rendering is experimental, incomplete, and may change in future versions."
-				@_context.target_fragments(fragments)
-			end
+		if fragments
+			@_context.target_fragments(fragments)
+		end
 
-			block ||= @_content_block
+		block ||= @_content_block
 
-			return "" unless render?
+		return "" unless render?
 
-			if !parent && Phlex::SUPPORTS_FIBER_STORAGE
-				original_fiber_storage = Fiber[:__phlex_component__]
-				Fiber[:__phlex_component__] = self
-			end
+		if !parent && Phlex::SUPPORTS_FIBER_STORAGE
+			original_fiber_storage = Fiber[:__phlex_component__]
+			Fiber[:__phlex_component__] = self
+		end
 
-			@_context.around_render do
-				around_template do
-					if block
-						if is_a?(DeferredRender)
-							__vanish__(self, &block)
-							view_template
-						else
-							view_template do |*args|
-								if args.length > 0
-									yield_content_with_args(*args, &block)
-								else
-									yield_content(&block)
-								end
+		@_context.around_render do
+			around_template do
+				if block
+					if Phlex::DeferredRender === self
+						vanish(self, &block)
+						view_template
+					else
+						view_template do |*args|
+							if args.length > 0
+								yield_content_with_args(*args, &block)
+							else
+								yield_content(&block)
 							end
 						end
-					else
-						view_template
 					end
+				else
+					view_template
 				end
 			end
+		end
 
-			unless parent
-				if Phlex::SUPPORTS_FIBER_STORAGE
-					Fiber[:__phlex_component__] = original_fiber_storage
-				end
-				buffer << context.buffer
+		unless parent
+			if Phlex::SUPPORTS_FIBER_STORAGE
+				Fiber[:__phlex_component__] = original_fiber_storage
 			end
+			buffer << context.buffer
 		end
+	end
+
+	# Access the current render context data
+	# @return the supplied context object, by default a Hash
+	def context
+		@_context.user_context
+	end
 
-		# Access the current render context data
-		# @return the supplied context object, by default a Hash
-		def context
-			@_context.user_context
+	# Output text content. The text will be HTML-escaped.
+	# @param content [String, Symbol, Integer, void] the content to be output on the buffer. Strings, Symbols, and Integers are handled by `plain` directly, but any object can be handled by overriding `format_object`
+	# @return [nil]
+	# @see #format_object
+	def plain(content)
+		unless __text__(content)
+			raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("You've passed an object to plain that is not handled by format_object. See https://rubydoc.info/gems/phlex/Phlex/SGML#format_object-instance_method for more information")
 		end
 
-		# Output text content. The text will be HTML-escaped.
-		# @param content [String, Symbol, Integer, void] the content to be output on the buffer. Strings, Symbols, and Integers are handled by `plain` directly, but any object can be handled by overriding `format_object`
-		# @return [nil]
-		# @see #format_object
-		def plain(content)
-			unless __text__(content)
-				raise ArgumentError, "You've passed an object to plain that is not handled by format_object. See https://rubydoc.info/gems/phlex/Phlex/SGML#format_object-instance_method for more information"
-			end
+		nil
+	end
 
-			nil
-		end
+	# Output a whitespace character. This is useful for getting inline elements to wrap. If you pass a block, a whitespace will be output before and after yielding the block.
+	# @return [nil]
+	# @yield If a block is given, it yields the block with no arguments.
+	def whitespace(&)
+		context = @_context
+		return if context.fragments && !context.in_target_fragment
 
-		# Output a whitespace character. This is useful for getting inline elements to wrap. If you pass a block, a whitespace will be output before and after yielding the block.
-		# @return [nil]
-		# @yield If a block is given, it yields the block with no arguments.
-		def whitespace(&block)
-			context = @_context
-			return if context.fragments && !context.in_target_fragment
+		buffer = context.buffer
 
-			buffer = context.buffer
+		buffer << " "
 
+		if block_given?
+			yield_content(&)
 			buffer << " "
+		end
 
-			if block_given?
-				yield_content(&block)
-				buffer << " "
-			end
+		nil
+	end
 
-			nil
-		end
+	# Output an HTML comment.
+	# @return [nil]
+	def comment(&)
+		context = @_context
+		return if context.fragments && !context.in_target_fragment
+
+		buffer = context.buffer
+
+		buffer << "<!-- "
+		yield_content(&)
+		buffer << " -->"
+
+		nil
+	end
 
-		# Output an HTML comment.
-		# @return [nil]
-		def comment(&block)
+	# This method is very dangerous and should usually be avoided. It will output the given String without any HTML safety. You should never use this method to output unsafe user input.
+	# @param content [String|nil]
+	# @return [nil]
+	def raw(content)
+		case content
+		when Phlex::SGML::SafeObject
 			context = @_context
 			return if context.fragments && !context.in_target_fragment
 
-			buffer = context.buffer
+			context.buffer << content.to_s
+		when nil, "" # do nothing
+		else
+			raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("You passed an unsafe object to `raw`.")
+		end
+
+		nil
+	end
 
-			buffer << "<!-- "
-			yield_content(&block)
-			buffer << " -->"
+	# Capture a block of output as a String.
+	# @note This only works if the block's receiver is the current component or the block returns a String.
+	# @return [String]
+	def capture(*args, &block)
+		return "" unless block
 
-			nil
+		if args.length > 0
+			@_context.capturing_into(+"") { yield_content_with_args(*args, &block) }
+		else
+			@_context.capturing_into(+"") { yield_content(&block) }
 		end
+	end
 
-		# This method is very dangerous and should usually be avoided. It will output the given String without any HTML safety. You should never use this method to output unsafe user input.
-		# @param content [String|nil]
-		# @return [nil]
-		def unsafe_raw(content = nil)
-			return nil unless content
+	def tag(name, ...)
+		normalized_name = case name
+			when Symbol then name.name.downcase
+			when String then name.downcase
+			else raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Expected the tag name as a Symbol or String.")
+		end
 
-			context = @_context
-			return if context.fragments && !context.in_target_fragment
+		if normalized_name == "script"
+			raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("You can’t use the `<script>` tag from the `tag` method. Use `unsafe_tag` instead, but be careful if using user input.")
+		end
 
-			context.buffer << content
-			nil
+		if registered_elements[normalized_name]
+			public_send(normalized_name, ...)
+		else
+			raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Unknown tag: #{normalized_name}")
 		end
+	end
 
-		# Capture a block of output as a String.
-		# @note This only works if the block's receiver is the current component or the block returns a String.
-		# @return [String]
-		def capture(*args, &block)
-			return "" unless block
+	def safe(value)
+		Phlex::SGML::SafeValue.new(value)
+	end
+
+	alias_method :🦺, :safe
+
+	def flush
+		return if @_context.capturing
 
-			if args.length > 0
-				@_context.capturing_into(+"") { yield_content_with_args(*args, &block) }
+		buffer = @_context.buffer
+		@_buffer << buffer.dup
+		buffer.clear
+	end
+
+	def render(renderable = nil, &)
+		case renderable
+		when Phlex::SGML
+			renderable.call(@_buffer, context: @_context, view_context: @_view_context, parent: self, &)
+		when Class
+			if renderable < Phlex::SGML
+				renderable.new.call(@_buffer, context: @_context, view_context: @_view_context, parent: self, &)
+			end
+		when Enumerable
+			renderable.each { |r| render(r, &) }
+		when Proc, Method
+			if renderable.arity == 0
+				yield_content_with_no_args(&renderable)
 			else
-				@_context.capturing_into(+"") { yield_content(&block) }
+				yield_content(&renderable)
 			end
+		when String
+			plain(renderable)
+		when nil
+			yield_content(&) if block_given?
+		else
+			raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("You can't render a #{renderable.inspect}.")
 		end
 
-		private
+		nil
+	end
 
-		# @api private
-		def flush
-			return if @_context.capturing
+	private
 
-			buffer = @_context.buffer
-			@_buffer << buffer.dup
-			buffer.clear
-		end
+	# Like {#capture} but the output is vanished into a BlackHole buffer.
+	# Because the BlackHole does nothing with the output, this should be faster.
+	# @return [nil]
+	def vanish(*args)
+		return unless block_given?
 
-		# Render another component, block or enumerable
-		# @return [nil]
-		# @overload render(component, &block)
-		# 	Renders the component.
-		# 	@param component [Phlex::SGML]
-		# @overload render(component_class, &block)
-		# 	Renders a new instance of the component class. This is useful for component classes that take no arguments.
-		# 	@param component_class [Class<Phlex::SGML>]
-		# @overload render(proc)
-		# 	Renders the proc with {#yield_content}.
-		# 	@param proc [Proc]
-		# @overload render(enumerable)
-		# 	Renders each item of the enumerable.
-		# 	@param enumerable [Enumerable]
-		# 	@example
-		# 		render @items
-		def render(renderable, &block)
-			case renderable
-			when Phlex::SGML
-				renderable.call(@_buffer, context: @_context, view_context: @_view_context, parent: self, &block)
-			when Class
-				if renderable < Phlex::SGML
-					renderable.new.call(@_buffer, context: @_context, view_context: @_view_context, parent: self, &block)
-				end
-			when Enumerable
-				renderable.each { |r| render(r, &block) }
-			when Proc, Method
-				if renderable.arity == 0
-					yield_content_with_no_args(&renderable)
-				else
-					yield_content(&renderable)
-				end
-			when String
-				plain(renderable)
-			else
-				raise ArgumentError, "You can't render a #{renderable.inspect}."
-			end
+		@_context.capturing_into(Phlex::BlackHole) { yield(*args) }
 
-			nil
+		nil
+	end
+
+	# Determines if the component should render. By default, it returns `true`.
+	# @abstract Override to define your own predicate to prevent rendering.
+	# @return [Boolean]
+	def render?
+		true
+	end
+
+	# Format the object for output
+	# @abstract Override to define your own format handling for different object types. Please remember to call `super` in the case that the passed object doesn't match, so that object formatting can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
+	# @return [String]
+	def format_object(object)
+		case object
+		when Float, Integer
+			object.to_s
 		end
+	end
 
-		# Like {#capture} but the output is vanished into a BlackHole buffer.
-		# Because the BlackHole does nothing with the output, this should be faster.
-		# @return [nil]
-		# @api private
-		def __vanish__(*args)
-			return unless block_given?
+	# @abstract Override this method to hook in around a template render. You can do things before and after calling `super` to render the template. You should always call `super` so that callbacks can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
+	# @return [nil]
+	def around_template
+		before_template
+		yield
+		after_template
 
-			@_context.capturing_into(BlackHole) { yield(*args) }
+		nil
+	end
 
-			nil
-		end
+	# @abstract Override this method to hook in right before a template is rendered. Please remember to call `super` so that callbacks can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
+	# @return [nil]
+	def before_template
+		nil
+	end
 
-		# Determines if the component should render. By default, it returns `true`.
-		# @abstract Override to define your own predicate to prevent rendering.
-		# @return [Boolean]
-		def render?
-			true
-		end
+	# @abstract Override this method to hook in right after a template is rendered. Please remember to call `super` so that callbacks can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
+	# @return [nil]
+	def after_template
+		nil
+	end
 
-		# Format the object for output
-		# @abstract Override to define your own format handling for different object types. Please remember to call `super` in the case that the passed object doesn't match, so that object formatting can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
-		# @return [String]
-		def format_object(object)
-			case object
-			when Float, Integer
-				object.to_s
-			end
-		end
+	# Yields the block and checks if it buffered anything. If nothing was buffered, the return value is treated as text. The text is always HTML-escaped.
+	# @yieldparam component [self]
+	# @return [nil]
+	def yield_content
+		return unless block_given?
 
-		# @abstract Override this method to hook in around a template render. You can do things before and after calling `super` to render the template. You should always call `super` so that callbacks can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
-		# @return [nil]
-		def around_template
-			before_template
-			yield
-			after_template
+		buffer = @_context.buffer
 
-			nil
-		end
+		original_length = buffer.bytesize
+		content = yield(self)
+		__text__(content) if original_length == buffer.bytesize
 
-		# @abstract Override this method to hook in right before a template is rendered. Please remember to call `super` so that callbacks can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
-		# @return [nil]
-		def before_template
-			nil
-		end
+		nil
+	end
 
-		# @abstract Override this method to hook in right after a template is rendered. Please remember to call `super` so that callbacks can be added at different layers of the inheritance tree.
-		# @return [nil]
-		def after_template
-			nil
-		end
+	# Same as {#yield_content} but yields no arguments.
+	# @yield Yields the block with no arguments.
+	def yield_content_with_no_args
+		return unless block_given?
 
-		# Yields the block and checks if it buffered anything. If nothing was buffered, the return value is treated as text. The text is always HTML-escaped.
-		# @yieldparam component [self]
-		# @return [nil]
-		def yield_content
-			return unless block_given?
+		buffer = @_context.buffer
 
-			buffer = @_context.buffer
+		original_length = buffer.bytesize
+		content = yield
+		__text__(content) if original_length == buffer.bytesize
 
-			original_length = buffer.bytesize
-			content = yield(self)
-			__text__(content) if original_length == buffer.bytesize
+		nil
+	end
 
-			nil
-		end
+	# Same as {#yield_content} but accepts a splat of arguments to yield. This is slightly slower than {#yield_content}.
+	# @yield [*args] Yields the given arguments.
+	# @return [nil]
+	def yield_content_with_args(*)
+		return unless block_given?
 
-		# Same as {#yield_content} but yields no arguments.
-		# @yield Yields the block with no arguments.
-		def yield_content_with_no_args
-			return unless block_given?
+		buffer = @_context.buffer
 
-			buffer = @_context.buffer
+		original_length = buffer.bytesize
+		content = yield(*)
+		__text__(content) if original_length == buffer.bytesize
 
-			original_length = buffer.bytesize
-			content = yield
-			__text__(content) if original_length == buffer.bytesize
+		nil
+	end
 
+	# Performs the same task as the public method #plain, but does not raise an error if an unformattable object is passed
+	# @api private
+	def __text__(content)
+		context = @_context
+		return true if context.fragments && !context.in_target_fragment
+
+		case content
+		when String
+			context.buffer << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(content)
+		when Symbol
+			context.buffer << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(content.name)
+		when nil
 			nil
+		else
+			if (formatted_object = format_object(content))
+				context.buffer << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(formatted_object)
+			else
+				return false
+			end
 		end
 
-		# Same as {#yield_content} but accepts a splat of arguments to yield. This is slightly slower than {#yield_content}.
-		# @yield [*args] Yields the given arguments.
-		# @return [nil]
-		def yield_content_with_args(*args)
-			return unless block_given?
+		true
+	end
 
-			buffer = @_context.buffer
+	# @api private
+	def __attributes__(attributes, buffer = +"")
+		attributes.each do |k, v|
+			next unless v
 
-			original_length = buffer.bytesize
-			content = yield(*args)
-			__text__(content) if original_length == buffer.bytesize
+			name = case k
+				when String then k
+				when Symbol then k.name.tr("_", "-")
+				else raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Attribute keys should be Strings or Symbols.")
+			end
 
-			nil
-		end
+			lower_name = name.downcase
 
-		# Performs the same task as the public method #plain, but does not raise an error if an unformattable object is passed
-		# @api private
-		def __text__(content)
-			context = @_context
-			return true if context.fragments && !context.in_target_fragment
+			unless Phlex::SGML::SafeObject === v
+				if lower_name == "href" && v.to_s.downcase.delete("^a-z:").start_with?("javascript:")
+					next
+				end
+
+				# Detect unsafe attribute names. Attribute names are considered unsafe if they match an event attribute or include unsafe characters.
+				if Phlex::HTML::UNSAFE_ATTRIBUTES.include?(lower_name.delete("^a-z-"))
+					raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Unsafe attribute name detected: #{k}.")
+				end
+			end
+
+			if name.match?(/[<>&"']/)
+				raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Unsafe attribute name detected: #{k}.")
+			end
 
-			case content
+			if lower_name.to_sym == :id && k != :id
+				raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new(":id attribute should only be passed as a lowercase symbol.")
+			end
+
+			case v
+			when true
+				buffer << " " << name
 			when String
-				@_context.buffer << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(content)
+				buffer << " " << name << '="' << v.gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
 			when Symbol
-				@_context.buffer << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(content.name)
-			when nil
-				nil
-			else
-				if (formatted_object = format_object(content))
-					@_context.buffer << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(formatted_object)
+				buffer << " " << name << '="' << v.name.tr("_", "-").gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
+			when Integer, Float
+				buffer << " " << name << '="' << v.to_s << '"'
+			when Hash
+				case k
+				when :class
+					buffer << " " << name << '="' << __classes__(v).gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
+				when :style
+					buffer << " " << name << '="' << __styles__(v).gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
 				else
-					return false
+					__nested_attributes__(v, "#{name}-", buffer)
+				end
+			when Array
+				value = case k
+				when :class
+					__classes__(v)
+				when :style
+					__styles__(v)
+				else
+					__nested_tokens__(v)
 				end
-			end
 
-			true
-		end
+				buffer << " " << name << '="' << value.gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
+			when Set
+				buffer << " " << name << '="' << __nested_tokens__(v.to_a) << '"'
+			when Phlex::SGML::SafeObject
+				buffer << " " << name << '="' << v.to_s.gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
+			else
+				value = if v.respond_to?(:to_phlex_attribute_value)
+					v.to_phlex_attribute_value
+				elsif v.respond_to?(:to_str)
+					v.to_str
+				else
+					v.to_s
+				end
 
-		# @api private
-		def __attributes__(**attributes)
-			__final_attributes__(**attributes).tap do |buffer|
-				Phlex::ATTRIBUTE_CACHE[respond_to?(:process_attributes) ? (attributes.hash + self.class.hash) : attributes.hash] = buffer.freeze
+				buffer << " " << name << '="' << value.gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
 			end
 		end
 
-		# @api private
-		def __final_attributes__(**attributes)
-			if respond_to?(:process_attributes)
-				attributes = process_attributes(**attributes)
+		buffer
+	end
+
+	# @api private
+	#
+	# Provides the nested-attributes case for serializing out attributes.
+	# This allows us to skip many of the checks the `__attributes__` method must perform.
+	def __nested_attributes__(attributes, base_name, buffer = +"")
+		attributes.each do |k, v|
+			next unless v
+
+			name = case k
+				when String then k
+				when Symbol then k.name.tr("_", "-")
+				else raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Attribute keys should be Strings or Symbols")
 			end
 
-			buffer = +""
-			__build_attributes__(attributes, buffer: buffer)
+			case v
+			when true
+				buffer << " " << base_name << name
+			when String
+				buffer << " " << base_name << name << '="' << v.gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
+			when Symbol
+				buffer << " " << base_name << name << '="' << v.name.tr("_", "-").gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
+			when Integer, Float
+				buffer << " " << base_name << name << '="' << v.to_s << '"'
+			when Hash
+				__nested_attributes__(v, "#{base_name}#{name}-", buffer)
+			when Array
+				buffer << " " << base_name << name << '="' << __nested_tokens__(v) << '"'
+			when Set
+				buffer << " " << base_name << name << '="' << __nested_tokens__(v.to_a) << '"'
+			else
+				value = if v.respond_to?(:to_phlex_attribute_value)
+					v.to_phlex_attribute_value
+				elsif v.respond_to?(:to_str)
+					v.to_str
+				else
+					v.to_s
+				end
+				buffer << " " << base_name << name << '="' << value.gsub('"', "&quot;") << '"'
+			end
 
 			buffer
 		end
+	end
 
-		def decode_html_character_references(value)
-			value
-				.gsub(/&#x([0-9a-f]+);?/i) {
-					begin
-						[$1.to_i(16)].pack("U*")
-					rescue
-						""
-					end
-				}
-				.gsub(/&#(\d+);?/) {
-					begin
-						[$1.to_i].pack("U*")
-					rescue
-						""
-					end
-				}
-				.gsub(/&([a-z][a-z0-9]+);?/i) {
-					NAMED_CHARACTER_REFERENCES[$1.downcase] || ""
-				}
-		end
+	# @api private
+	def __nested_tokens__(tokens)
+		buffer = +""
 
-		# @api private
-		def __build_attributes__(attributes, buffer:)
-			attributes.each do |k, v|
-				next unless v
+		i, length = 0, tokens.length
 
-				name = case k
-					when String then k
-					when Symbol then k.name.tr("_", "-")
-					else raise ArgumentError, "Attribute keys should be Strings or Symbols."
-				end
+		while i < length
+			token = tokens[i]
 
-				lower_name = name.downcase
-				normalized_name = lower_name.delete("^a-z")
+			case token
+			when String
+				if i > 0
+					buffer << " " << token
+				else
+					buffer << token
+				end
+			when Symbol
+				if i > 0
+					buffer << " " << token.name.tr("_", "-")
+				else
+					buffer << token.name.tr("_", "-")
+				end
+			when nil
+				# Do nothing
+			else
+				if i > 0
+					buffer << " " << token.to_s
+				else
+					buffer << token.to_s
+				end
+			end
 
-				if REF_ATTRIBUTES.include?(normalized_name)
-					decoded_value = case v
-						when String then decode_html_character_references(v)
-						when Symbol then decode_html_character_references(v.name)
-					end
+			i += 1
+		end
 
-					if decoded_value && decoded_value.downcase.tr("^a-z:", "").start_with?("javascript:")
-						next
-					end
-				end
+		buffer.gsub!('"', "&quot;")
+		buffer
+	end
 
-				# Detect unsafe attribute names. Attribute names are considered unsafe if they match an event attribute or include unsafe characters.
-				if HTML::EVENT_ATTRIBUTES.include?(lower_name.tr("^a-z-", "")) || name.match?(UNSAFE_ATTRIBUTE_NAME_CHARS)
-					raise ArgumentError, "Unsafe attribute name detected: #{k}."
+	# @api private
+	def __classes__(c)
+		case c
+		when String
+			c
+		when Symbol
+			c.name.tr("_", "-")
+		when Array, Set
+			c.filter_map { |c| __classes__(c) }.join(" ")
+		when Hash
+			c.filter_map { |c, add|
+				next unless add
+				case c
+					when String then c
+					when Symbol then c.name.tr("_", "-").delete_suffix("?")
+					else raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Class keys should be Strings or Symbols.")
 				end
+			}.join(" ")
+		when nil, false
+			nil
+		else
+			if c.respond_to?(:to_phlex_attribute_value)
+				c.to_phlex_attribute_value
+			elsif c.respond_to?(:to_str)
+				c.to_str
+			else
+				c.to_s
+			end
+		end
+	end
 
-				if lower_name.to_sym == :id && k != :id
-				  warn "⚠️ [WARNING] Starting 2.0 Phlex will raise on non lowercase or string :id attribute."
+	# @api private
+	def __styles__(s)
+		style = case s
+		when String
+			s
+		when Symbol
+			s.name.tr("_", "-")
+		when Integer, Float
+			s.to_s
+		when Array, Set
+			s.filter_map { |s| __styles__(s) }.join
+		when Hash
+			buffer = +""
+			s.each do |k, v|
+				prop = case k
+					when String then k
+					when Symbol then k.name.tr("_", "-")
+					else raise Phlex::ArgumentError.new("Style keys should be Strings or Symbols.")
 				end
 
-				case v
-				when true
-					buffer << " " << name
-				when String
-					buffer << " " << name << '="' << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(v) << '"'
-				when Symbol
-					buffer << " " << name << '="' << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(v.name) << '"'
-				when Integer, Float
-					buffer << " " << name << '="' << v.to_s << '"'
-				when Hash
-					__build_attributes__(
-						v.transform_keys { |subkey|
-							case subkey
-								when Symbol then"#{name}-#{subkey.name.tr('_', '-')}"
-								else "#{name}-#{subkey}"
-							end
-						}, buffer: buffer
-					)
-				when Array
-					buffer << " " << name << '="' << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(v.compact.join(" ")) << '"'
-				when Set
-					buffer << " " << name << '="' << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(v.to_a.compact.join(" ")) << '"'
-				else
-					value = if v.respond_to?(:to_phlex_attribute_value)
-						v.to_phlex_attribute_value
-					elsif v.respond_to?(:to_str)
-						v.to_str
-					else
-						v.to_s
-					end
+				value = __styles__(v)
 
-					buffer << " " << name << '="' << Phlex::Escape.html_escape(value) << '"'
+				if value
+					buffer << prop << ":" << value
 				end
 			end
-
 			buffer
+		when nil, false
+			return nil
+		else
+			if s.respond_to?(:to_phlex_attribute_value)
+				s.to_phlex_attribute_value
+			elsif s.respond_to?(:to_str)
+				s.to_str
+			else
+				s.to_s
+			end
 		end
+
+		style.end_with?(";") ? style : "#{style};"
 	end
 end