pg 0.18.0 → 1.0.0

data/ext/pg_connection.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * pg_connection.c - PG::Connection class extension
- * $Id: pg_connection.c,v a7befacdef4e 2014/12/12 20:57:14 lars $
+ * $Id: pg_connection.c,v 1f0926bfa9a5 2018/01/04 18:14:32 lars $
  *
  */
 
@@ -18,19 +18,8 @@ static PQnoticeReceiver default_notice_receiver = NULL;
 static PQnoticeProcessor default_notice_processor = NULL;
 
 static VALUE pgconn_finish( VALUE );
-#ifdef M17N_SUPPORTED
 static VALUE pgconn_set_default_encoding( VALUE self );
 void pgconn_set_internal_encoding_index( VALUE );
-#endif
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_THREAD_FD_SELECT
-#define rb_fdset_t fd_set
-#define rb_fd_init(f)
-#define rb_fd_zero(f)  FD_ZERO(f)
-#define rb_fd_set(n, f)  FD_SET(n, f)
-#define rb_fd_term(f)
-#define rb_thread_fd_select rb_thread_select
-#endif
 
 /*
  * Global functions
@@ -52,7 +41,7 @@ pg_get_connection( VALUE self )
  * Fetch the PG::Connection object data pointer and check it's
  * PGconn data pointer for sanity.
  */
-t_pg_connection *
+static t_pg_connection *
 pg_get_connection_safe( VALUE self )
 {
 	t_pg_connection *this;
@@ -88,14 +77,14 @@ pg_get_pgconn( VALUE self )
 /*
  * Close the associated socket IO object if there is one.
  */
-void
+static void
 pgconn_close_socket_io( VALUE self )
 {
 	t_pg_connection *this = pg_get_connection( self );
 	VALUE socket_io = this->socket_io;
 
 	if ( RTEST(socket_io) ) {
-#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(HAVE_RB_W32_WRAP_IO_HANDLE)
+#if defined(_WIN32)
 		int ruby_sd = NUM2INT(rb_funcall( socket_io, rb_intern("fileno"), 0 ));
 		if( rb_w32_unwrap_io_handle(ruby_sd) ){
 			rb_raise(rb_eConnectionBad, "Could not unwrap win32 socket handle");
@@ -141,6 +130,16 @@ pgconn_make_conninfo_array( const PQconninfoOption *options )
 	return ary;
 }
 
+static const char *pg_cstr_enc(VALUE str, int enc_idx){
+	const char *ptr = StringValueCStr(str);
+	if( ENCODING_GET(str) == enc_idx ){
+		return ptr;
+	} else {
+		str = rb_str_export_to_enc(str, rb_enc_from_index(enc_idx));
+		return StringValueCStr(str);
+	}
+}
+
 
 /*
  * GC Mark function
@@ -281,9 +280,7 @@ pgconn_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 		rb_exc_raise(error);
 	}
 
-#ifdef M17N_SUPPORTED
 	pgconn_set_default_encoding( self );
-#endif
 
 	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
 		return rb_ensure(rb_yield, self, pgconn_finish, self);
@@ -339,12 +336,11 @@ pgconn_s_connect_start( int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass )
 	return rb_conn;
 }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_PQPING
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    PG::Connection.ping(connection_hash)       -> Fixnum
- *    PG::Connection.ping(connection_string)     -> Fixnum
- *    PG::Connection.ping(host, port, options, tty, dbname, login, password) ->  Fixnum
+ *    PG::Connection.ping(connection_hash)       -> Integer
+ *    PG::Connection.ping(connection_string)     -> Integer
+ *    PG::Connection.ping(host, port, options, tty, dbname, login, password) ->  Integer
  *
  * Check server status.
  *
@@ -357,6 +353,8 @@ pgconn_s_connect_start( int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass )
  *   could not establish connection
  * [+PQPING_NO_ATTEMPT+]
  *   connection not attempted (bad params)
+ *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.1
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_s_ping( int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass )
@@ -369,11 +367,10 @@ pgconn_s_ping( int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass )
 
 	return INT2FIX((int)ping);
 }
-#endif
 
 
 /*
- * Document-method: conndefaults
+ * Document-method: PG::Connection.conndefaults
  *
  * call-seq:
  *    PG::Connection.conndefaults() -> Array
@@ -408,16 +405,65 @@ pgconn_s_conndefaults(VALUE self)
 }
 
 
+#ifdef HAVE_PQENCRYPTPASSWORDCONN
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    PG::Connection.encrypt_password( password, username ) -> String
+ *    conn.encrypt_password( password, username, algorithm=nil ) -> String
+ *
+ * This function is intended to be used by client applications that wish to send commands like <tt>ALTER USER joe PASSWORD 'pwd'</tt>.
+ * It is good practice not to send the original cleartext password in such a command, because it might be exposed in command logs, activity displays, and so on.
+ * Instead, use this function to convert the password to encrypted form before it is sent.
  *
- * This function is intended to be used by client applications that
- * send commands like: +ALTER USER joe PASSWORD 'pwd'+.
- * The arguments are the cleartext password, and the SQL name
- * of the user it is for.
+ * The +password+ and +username+ arguments are the cleartext password, and the SQL name of the user it is for.
+ * +algorithm+ specifies the encryption algorithm to use to encrypt the password.
+ * Currently supported algorithms are +md5+ and +scram-sha-256+ (+on+ and +off+ are also accepted as aliases for +md5+, for compatibility with older server versions).
+ * Note that support for +scram-sha-256+ was introduced in PostgreSQL version 10, and will not work correctly with older server versions.
+ * If algorithm is omitted or +nil+, this function will query the server for the current value of the +password_encryption+ setting.
+ * That can block, and will fail if the current transaction is aborted, or if the connection is busy executing another query.
+ * If you wish to use the default algorithm for the server but want to avoid blocking, query +password_encryption+ yourself before calling #encrypt_password, and pass that value as the algorithm.
  *
  * Return value is the encrypted password.
+ * The caller can assume the string doesn't contain any special characters that would require escaping.
+ *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-10
+ */
+static VALUE
+pgconn_encrypt_password(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+	char *encrypted = NULL;
+	VALUE rval = Qnil;
+	VALUE password, username, algorithm;
+	PGconn *conn = pg_get_pgconn(self);
+
+	rb_scan_args( argc, argv, "21", &password, &username, &algorithm );
+
+	Check_Type(password, T_STRING);
+	Check_Type(username, T_STRING);
+
+	encrypted = gvl_PQencryptPasswordConn(conn, StringValueCStr(password), StringValueCStr(username), RTEST(algorithm) ? StringValueCStr(algorithm) : NULL);
+	if ( encrypted ) {
+		rval = rb_str_new2( encrypted );
+		PQfreemem( encrypted );
+
+		OBJ_INFECT( rval, password );
+		OBJ_INFECT( rval, username );
+		OBJ_INFECT( rval, algorithm );
+	} else {
+		rb_raise(rb_ePGerror, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
+	}
+
+	return rval;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    PG::Connection.encrypt_password( password, username ) -> String
+ *
+ * This is an older, deprecated version of #encrypt_password.
+ * The difference is that this function always uses +md5+ as the encryption algorithm.
+ *
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_s_encrypt_password(VALUE self, VALUE password, VALUE username)
@@ -447,7 +493,7 @@ pgconn_s_encrypt_password(VALUE self, VALUE password, VALUE username)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.connect_poll() -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.connect_poll() -> Integer
  *
  * Returns one of:
  * [+PGRES_POLLING_READING+]
@@ -556,7 +602,7 @@ pgconn_reset_start(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.reset_poll -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.reset_poll -> Integer
  *
  * Checks the status of a connection reset operation.
  * See #connect_start and #connect_poll for
@@ -603,7 +649,7 @@ pgconn_user(VALUE self)
  * call-seq:
  *    conn.pass()
  *
- * Returns the authenticated user name.
+ * Returns the authenticated password.
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_pass(VALUE self)
@@ -627,22 +673,6 @@ pgconn_host(VALUE self)
 	return rb_tainted_str_new2(host);
 }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_PQHOSTADDR
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    conn.hostaddr()
- *
- * Returns the server numeric IP address of the connection.
- */
-static VALUE
-pgconn_hostaddr(VALUE self)
-{
-	char *hostaddr = PQhostaddr(pg_get_pgconn(self));
-	if (!hostaddr) return Qnil;
-	return rb_tainted_str_new2(hostaddr);
-}
-#endif
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    conn.port()
@@ -692,6 +722,7 @@ pgconn_options(VALUE self)
  *
  * Returns the connection options used by a live connection.
  *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.3
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_conninfo( VALUE self )
@@ -811,7 +842,9 @@ pgconn_error_message(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.socket() -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.socket() -> Integer
+ *
+ * This method is deprecated. Please use the more portable method #socket_io .
  *
  * Returns the socket's file descriptor for this connection.
  * <tt>IO.for_fd()</tt> can be used to build a proper IO object to the socket.
@@ -821,7 +854,7 @@ pgconn_error_message(VALUE self)
  * creates an IO that's associated with the connection object itself,
  * and so won't go out of scope until the connection does.
  *
- * *Note:* On Windows the file descriptor is not really usable,
+ * *Note:* On Windows the file descriptor is not usable,
  * since it can not be used to build a Ruby IO object.
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -833,22 +866,17 @@ pgconn_socket(VALUE self)
 	return INT2NUM(sd);
 }
 
-
-#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_RB_W32_WRAP_IO_HANDLE)
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    conn.socket_io() -> IO
  *
- * Fetch a memoized IO object created from the Connection's underlying socket.
+ * Fetch a memorized IO object created from the Connection's underlying socket.
  * This object can be used for IO.select to wait for events while running
  * asynchronous API calls.
  *
  * Using this instead of #socket avoids the problem of the underlying connection
  * being closed by Ruby when an IO created using <tt>IO.for_fd(conn.socket)</tt>
- * goes out of scope.
- *
- * This method can also be used on Windows but requires Ruby-2.0+.
+ * goes out of scope. In contrast to #socket, it also works on Windows.
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_socket_io(VALUE self)
@@ -882,11 +910,9 @@ pgconn_socket_io(VALUE self)
 	return socket_io;
 }
 
-#endif
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.backend_pid() -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.backend_pid() -> Integer
  *
  * Returns the process ID of the backend server
  * process for this connection.
@@ -963,9 +989,9 @@ pgconn_exec(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 	/* If called with no parameters, use PQexec */
 	if ( argc == 1 ) {
-		Check_Type(argv[0], T_STRING);
+		VALUE query_str = argv[0];
 
-		result = gvl_PQexec(conn, StringValueCStr(argv[0]));
+		result = gvl_PQexec(conn, pg_cstr_enc(query_str, ENCODING_GET(self)));
 		rb_pgresult = pg_new_result(result, self);
 		pg_result_check(rb_pgresult);
 		if (rb_block_given_p()) {
@@ -994,6 +1020,10 @@ struct query_params_data {
 	 * Filled by caller
 	 */
 
+	/* The character encoding index of the connection. Any strings
+	 * given as query parameters are converted to this encoding.
+	 */
+	int enc_idx;
 	/* Is the query function to execute one with types array? */
 	int with_types;
 	/* Array of query params from user space */
@@ -1154,7 +1184,7 @@ alloc_query_params(struct query_params_data *paramsData)
 				VALUE intermediate;
 
 				/* 1st pass for retiving the required memory space */
-				int len = enc_func(conv, param_value, NULL, &intermediate);
+				int len = enc_func(conv, param_value, NULL, &intermediate, paramsData->enc_idx);
 
 				if( len == -1 ){
 					/* The intermediate value is a String that can be used directly. */
@@ -1178,7 +1208,7 @@ alloc_query_params(struct query_params_data *paramsData)
 					}
 
 					/* 2nd pass for writing the data to prepared buffer */
-					len = enc_func(conv, param_value, typecast_buf, &intermediate);
+					len = enc_func(conv, param_value, typecast_buf, &intermediate, paramsData->enc_idx);
 					paramsData->values[i] = typecast_buf;
 					if( paramsData->formats[i] == 0 ){
 						/* text format strings must be zero terminated and lengths are ignored */
@@ -1236,8 +1266,8 @@ pgconn_query_assign_typemap( VALUE self, struct query_params_data *paramsData )
  * Each element of the +params+ array may be either:
  *   a hash of the form:
  *     {:value  => String (value of bind parameter)
- *      :type   => Fixnum (oid of type of bind parameter)
- *      :format => Fixnum (0 for text, 1 for binary)
+ *      :type   => Integer (oid of type of bind parameter)
+ *      :format => Integer (0 for text, 1 for binary)
  *     }
  *   or, it may be a String. If it is a string, that is equivalent to the hash:
  *     { :value => <string value>, :type => 0, :format => 0 }
@@ -1256,7 +1286,7 @@ pgconn_query_assign_typemap( VALUE self, struct query_params_data *paramsData )
  * for binary.
  *
  * type_map can be a PG::TypeMap derivation (such as PG::BasicTypeMapForQueries).
- * This will type cast the params form various Ruby types before transmission
+ * This will type cast the params from various Ruby types before transmission
  * based on the encoders defined by the type map. When a type encoder is used
  * the format and oid of a given bind parameter are retrieved from the encoder
  * instead out of the hash form described above.
@@ -1274,7 +1304,7 @@ pgconn_exec_params( int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self )
 	VALUE command, in_res_fmt;
 	int nParams;
 	int resultFormat;
-	struct query_params_data paramsData;
+	struct query_params_data paramsData = { ENCODING_GET(self) };
 
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &command, &paramsData.params, &in_res_fmt, &paramsData.typemap);
 	paramsData.with_types = 1;
@@ -1291,7 +1321,7 @@ pgconn_exec_params( int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self )
 	resultFormat = NIL_P(in_res_fmt) ? 0 : NUM2INT(in_res_fmt);
 	nParams = alloc_query_params( &paramsData );
 
-	result = gvl_PQexecParams(conn, StringValueCStr(command), nParams, paramsData.types,
+	result = gvl_PQexecParams(conn, pg_cstr_enc(command, paramsData.enc_idx), nParams, paramsData.types,
 		(const char * const *)paramsData.values, paramsData.lengths, paramsData.formats, resultFormat);
 
 	free_query_params( &paramsData );
@@ -1337,10 +1367,13 @@ pgconn_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	int i = 0;
 	int nParams = 0;
 	Oid *paramTypes = NULL;
+	const char *name_cstr;
+	const char *command_cstr;
+	int enc_idx = ENCODING_GET(self);
 
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &name, &command, &in_paramtypes);
-	Check_Type(name, T_STRING);
-	Check_Type(command, T_STRING);
+	name_cstr = pg_cstr_enc(name, enc_idx);
+	command_cstr = pg_cstr_enc(command, enc_idx);
 
 	if(! NIL_P(in_paramtypes)) {
 		Check_Type(in_paramtypes, T_ARRAY);
@@ -1354,8 +1387,7 @@ pgconn_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 				paramTypes[i] = NUM2UINT(param);
 		}
 	}
-	result = gvl_PQprepare(conn, StringValueCStr(name), StringValueCStr(command),
-			nParams, paramTypes);
+	result = gvl_PQprepare(conn, name_cstr, command_cstr, nParams, paramTypes);
 
 	xfree(paramTypes);
 
@@ -1377,7 +1409,7 @@ pgconn_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * SQL query. Each element of the +params+ array may be either:
  *   a hash of the form:
  *     {:value  => String (value of bind parameter)
- *      :format => Fixnum (0 for text, 1 for binary)
+ *      :format => Integer (0 for text, 1 for binary)
  *     }
  *   or, it may be a String. If it is a string, that is equivalent to the hash:
  *     { :value => <string value>, :format => 0 }
@@ -1390,7 +1422,7 @@ pgconn_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * for binary.
  *
  * type_map can be a PG::TypeMap derivation (such as PG::BasicTypeMapForQueries).
- * This will type cast the params form various Ruby types before transmission
+ * This will type cast the params from various Ruby types before transmission
  * based on the encoders defined by the type map. When a type encoder is used
  * the format and oid of a given bind parameter are retrieved from the encoder
  * instead out of the hash form described above.
@@ -1408,11 +1440,10 @@ pgconn_exec_prepared(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	VALUE name, in_res_fmt;
 	int nParams;
 	int resultFormat;
-	struct query_params_data paramsData;
+	struct query_params_data paramsData = { ENCODING_GET(self) };
 
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &name, &paramsData.params, &in_res_fmt, &paramsData.typemap);
 	paramsData.with_types = 0;
-	Check_Type(name, T_STRING);
 
 	if(NIL_P(paramsData.params)) {
 		paramsData.params = rb_ary_new2(0);
@@ -1422,7 +1453,7 @@ pgconn_exec_prepared(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	resultFormat = NIL_P(in_res_fmt) ? 0 : NUM2INT(in_res_fmt);
 	nParams = alloc_query_params( &paramsData );
 
-	result = gvl_PQexecPrepared(conn, StringValueCStr(name), nParams,
+	result = gvl_PQexecPrepared(conn, pg_cstr_enc(name, paramsData.enc_idx), nParams,
 		(const char * const *)paramsData.values, paramsData.lengths, paramsData.formats,
 		resultFormat);
 
@@ -1450,13 +1481,12 @@ pgconn_describe_prepared(VALUE self, VALUE stmt_name)
 	PGresult *result;
 	VALUE rb_pgresult;
 	PGconn *conn = pg_get_pgconn(self);
-	char *stmt;
-	if(stmt_name == Qnil) {
+	const char *stmt;
+	if(NIL_P(stmt_name)) {
 		stmt = NULL;
 	}
 	else {
-		Check_Type(stmt_name, T_STRING);
-		stmt = StringValueCStr(stmt_name);
+		stmt = pg_cstr_enc(stmt_name, ENCODING_GET(self));
 	}
 	result = gvl_PQdescribePrepared(conn, stmt);
 	rb_pgresult = pg_new_result(result, self);
@@ -1478,13 +1508,12 @@ pgconn_describe_portal(self, stmt_name)
 	PGresult *result;
 	VALUE rb_pgresult;
 	PGconn *conn = pg_get_pgconn(self);
-	char *stmt;
-	if(stmt_name == Qnil) {
+	const char *stmt;
+	if(NIL_P(stmt_name)) {
 		stmt = NULL;
 	}
 	else {
-		Check_Type(stmt_name, T_STRING);
-		stmt = StringValueCStr(stmt_name);
+		stmt = pg_cstr_enc(stmt_name, ENCODING_GET(self));
 	}
 	result = gvl_PQdescribePortal(conn, stmt);
 	rb_pgresult = pg_new_result(result, self);
@@ -1526,10 +1555,6 @@ pgconn_make_empty_pgresult(VALUE self, VALUE status)
  * call-seq:
  *    conn.escape_string( str ) -> String
  *
- * Connection instance method for versions of 8.1 and higher of libpq
- * uses PQescapeStringConn, which is safer. Avoid calling as a class method,
- * the class method uses the deprecated PQescapeString() API function.
- *
  * Returns a SQL-safe version of the String _str_.
  * This is the preferred way to make strings safe for inclusion in
  * SQL queries.
@@ -1538,32 +1563,41 @@ pgconn_make_empty_pgresult(VALUE self, VALUE status)
  * inside of SQL commands.
  *
  * Encoding of escaped string will be equal to client encoding of connection.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This class version of this method can only be used safely in client
+ * programs that use a single PostgreSQL connection at a time (in this case it can
+ * find out what it needs to know "behind the scenes"). It might give the wrong
+ * results if used in programs that use multiple database connections; use the
+ * same method on the connection object in such cases.
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_s_escape(VALUE self, VALUE string)
 {
-	char *escaped;
 	size_t size;
 	int error;
 	VALUE result;
+	int enc_idx;
+	int singleton = !rb_obj_is_kind_of(self, rb_cPGconn);
 
 	Check_Type(string, T_STRING);
+	enc_idx = ENCODING_GET( singleton ? string : self );
+	if( ENCODING_GET(string) != enc_idx ){
+		string = rb_str_export_to_enc(string, rb_enc_from_index(enc_idx));
+	}
 
-	escaped = ALLOC_N(char, RSTRING_LEN(string) * 2 + 1);
-	if(rb_obj_class(self) == rb_cPGconn) {
-		size = PQescapeStringConn(pg_get_pgconn(self), escaped,
+	result = rb_str_new(NULL, RSTRING_LEN(string) * 2 + 1);
+	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK(result, enc_idx);
+	if( !singleton ) {
+		size = PQescapeStringConn(pg_get_pgconn(self), RSTRING_PTR(result),
 			RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string), &error);
 		if(error) {
-			xfree(escaped);
 			rb_raise(rb_ePGerror, "%s", PQerrorMessage(pg_get_pgconn(self)));
 		}
 	} else {
-		size = PQescapeString(escaped, RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LENINT(string));
+		size = PQescapeString(RSTRING_PTR(result), RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string));
 	}
-	result = rb_str_new(escaped, size);
-	xfree(escaped);
+	rb_str_set_len(result, size);
 	OBJ_INFECT(result, string);
-	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK(result, ENCODING_GET( rb_obj_class(self) == rb_cPGconn ? self : string ));
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -1572,13 +1606,6 @@ pgconn_s_escape(VALUE self, VALUE string)
  * call-seq:
  *   conn.escape_bytea( string ) -> String
  *
- * Connection instance method for versions of 8.1 and higher of libpq
- * uses PQescapeByteaConn, which is safer. Avoid calling as a class method,
- * the class method uses the deprecated PQescapeBytea() API function.
- *
- * Use the instance method version of this function, it is safer than the
- * class method.
- *
  * Escapes binary data for use within an SQL command with the type +bytea+.
  *
  * Certain byte values must be escaped (but all byte values may be escaped)
@@ -1591,6 +1618,12 @@ pgconn_s_escape(VALUE self, VALUE string)
  *
  * Consider using exec_params, which avoids the need for passing values inside of
  * SQL commands.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This class version of this method can only be used safely in client
+ * programs that use a single PostgreSQL connection at a time (in this case it can
+ * find out what it needs to know "behind the scenes"). It might give the wrong
+ * results if used in programs that use multiple database connections; use the
+ * same method on the connection object in such cases.
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_s_escape_bytea(VALUE self, VALUE str)
@@ -1603,7 +1636,7 @@ pgconn_s_escape_bytea(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 	from      = (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(str);
 	from_len  = RSTRING_LEN(str);
 
-	if(rb_obj_class(self) == rb_cPGconn) {
+	if ( rb_obj_is_kind_of(self, rb_cPGconn) ) {
 		to = PQescapeByteaConn(pg_get_pgconn(self), from, from_len, &to_len);
 	} else {
 		to = PQescapeBytea( from, from_len, &to_len);
@@ -1645,12 +1678,13 @@ pgconn_s_unescape_bytea(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_PQESCAPELITERAL
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    conn.escape_literal( str ) -> String
  *
  * Escape an arbitrary String +str+ as a literal.
+ *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.0
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_escape_literal(VALUE self, VALUE string)
@@ -1659,8 +1693,12 @@ pgconn_escape_literal(VALUE self, VALUE string)
 	char *escaped = NULL;
 	VALUE error;
 	VALUE result = Qnil;
+	int enc_idx = ENCODING_GET(self);
 
 	Check_Type(string, T_STRING);
+	if( ENCODING_GET(string) != enc_idx ){
+		string = rb_str_export_to_enc(string, rb_enc_from_index(enc_idx));
+	}
 
 	escaped = PQescapeLiteral(conn, RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string));
 	if (escaped == NULL)
@@ -1673,21 +1711,22 @@ pgconn_escape_literal(VALUE self, VALUE string)
 	result = rb_str_new2(escaped);
 	PQfreemem(escaped);
 	OBJ_INFECT(result, string);
-	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK(result, ENCODING_GET(self));
+	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK(result, enc_idx);
 
 	return result;
 }
-#endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_PQESCAPEIDENTIFIER
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    conn.escape_identifier( str ) -> String
  *
  * Escape an arbitrary String +str+ as an identifier.
  *
- * This method does the same as #quote_ident, but uses libpq to
- * process the string.
+ * This method does the same as #quote_ident with a String argument,
+ * but it doesn't support an Array argument and it makes use of libpq
+ * to process the string.
+ *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.0
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_escape_identifier(VALUE self, VALUE string)
@@ -1696,8 +1735,12 @@ pgconn_escape_identifier(VALUE self, VALUE string)
 	char *escaped = NULL;
 	VALUE error;
 	VALUE result = Qnil;
+	int enc_idx = ENCODING_GET(self);
 
 	Check_Type(string, T_STRING);
+	if( ENCODING_GET(string) != enc_idx ){
+		string = rb_str_export_to_enc(string, rb_enc_from_index(enc_idx));
+	}
 
 	escaped = PQescapeIdentifier(conn, RSTRING_PTR(string), RSTRING_LEN(string));
 	if (escaped == NULL)
@@ -1710,13 +1753,11 @@ pgconn_escape_identifier(VALUE self, VALUE string)
 	result = rb_str_new2(escaped);
 	PQfreemem(escaped);
 	OBJ_INFECT(result, string);
-	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK(result, ENCODING_GET(self));
+	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK(result, enc_idx);
 
 	return result;
 }
-#endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_PQSETSINGLEROWMODE
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    conn.set_single_row_mode -> self
@@ -1753,6 +1794,7 @@ pgconn_escape_identifier(VALUE self, VALUE string)
  *     end
  *   end
  *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.2
  */
 static VALUE
 pgconn_set_single_row_mode(VALUE self)
@@ -1769,7 +1811,6 @@ pgconn_set_single_row_mode(VALUE self)
 
 	return self;
 }
-#endif
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -1783,8 +1824,8 @@ pgconn_set_single_row_mode(VALUE self)
  * Each element of the +params+ array may be either:
  *   a hash of the form:
  *     {:value  => String (value of bind parameter)
- *      :type   => Fixnum (oid of type of bind parameter)
- *      :format => Fixnum (0 for text, 1 for binary)
+ *      :type   => Integer (oid of type of bind parameter)
+ *      :format => Integer (0 for text, 1 for binary)
  *     }
  *   or, it may be a String. If it is a string, that is equivalent to the hash:
  *     { :value => <string value>, :type => 0, :format => 0 }
@@ -1803,7 +1844,7 @@ pgconn_set_single_row_mode(VALUE self)
  * for binary.
  *
  * type_map can be a PG::TypeMap derivation (such as PG::BasicTypeMapForQueries).
- * This will type cast the params form various Ruby types before transmission
+ * This will type cast the params from various Ruby types before transmission
  * based on the encoders defined by the type map. When a type encoder is used
  * the format and oid of a given bind parameter are retrieved from the encoder
  * instead out of the hash form described above.
@@ -1818,15 +1859,14 @@ pgconn_send_query(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	VALUE error;
 	int nParams;
 	int resultFormat;
-	struct query_params_data paramsData;
+	struct query_params_data paramsData = { ENCODING_GET(self) };
 
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &command, &paramsData.params, &in_res_fmt, &paramsData.typemap);
 	paramsData.with_types = 1;
-	Check_Type(command, T_STRING);
 
 	/* If called with no parameters, use PQsendQuery */
 	if(NIL_P(paramsData.params)) {
-		if(gvl_PQsendQuery(conn,StringValueCStr(command)) == 0) {
+		if(gvl_PQsendQuery(conn, pg_cstr_enc(command, paramsData.enc_idx)) == 0) {
 			error = rb_exc_new2(rb_eUnableToSend, PQerrorMessage(conn));
 			rb_iv_set(error, "@connection", self);
 			rb_exc_raise(error);
@@ -1842,7 +1882,7 @@ pgconn_send_query(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	resultFormat = NIL_P(in_res_fmt) ? 0 : NUM2INT(in_res_fmt);
 	nParams = alloc_query_params( &paramsData );
 
-	result = gvl_PQsendQueryParams(conn, StringValueCStr(command), nParams, paramsData.types,
+	result = gvl_PQsendQueryParams(conn, pg_cstr_enc(command, paramsData.enc_idx), nParams, paramsData.types,
 		(const char * const *)paramsData.values, paramsData.lengths, paramsData.formats, resultFormat);
 
 	free_query_params( &paramsData );
@@ -1886,10 +1926,13 @@ pgconn_send_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	int i = 0;
 	int nParams = 0;
 	Oid *paramTypes = NULL;
+	const char *name_cstr;
+	const char *command_cstr;
+	int enc_idx = ENCODING_GET(self);
 
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &name, &command, &in_paramtypes);
-	Check_Type(name, T_STRING);
-	Check_Type(command, T_STRING);
+	name_cstr = pg_cstr_enc(name, enc_idx);
+	command_cstr = pg_cstr_enc(command, enc_idx);
 
 	if(! NIL_P(in_paramtypes)) {
 		Check_Type(in_paramtypes, T_ARRAY);
@@ -1903,8 +1946,7 @@ pgconn_send_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 				paramTypes[i] = NUM2UINT(param);
 		}
 	}
-	result = gvl_PQsendPrepare(conn, StringValueCStr(name), StringValueCStr(command),
-			nParams, paramTypes);
+	result = gvl_PQsendPrepare(conn, name_cstr, command_cstr, nParams, paramTypes);
 
 	xfree(paramTypes);
 
@@ -1929,7 +1971,7 @@ pgconn_send_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * SQL query. Each element of the +params+ array may be either:
  *   a hash of the form:
  *     {:value  => String (value of bind parameter)
- *      :format => Fixnum (0 for text, 1 for binary)
+ *      :format => Integer (0 for text, 1 for binary)
  *     }
  *   or, it may be a String. If it is a string, that is equivalent to the hash:
  *     { :value => <string value>, :format => 0 }
@@ -1942,7 +1984,7 @@ pgconn_send_prepare(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * for binary.
  *
  * type_map can be a PG::TypeMap derivation (such as PG::BasicTypeMapForQueries).
- * This will type cast the params form various Ruby types before transmission
+ * This will type cast the params from various Ruby types before transmission
  * based on the encoders defined by the type map. When a type encoder is used
  * the format and oid of a given bind parameter are retrieved from the encoder
  * instead out of the hash form described above.
@@ -1957,11 +1999,10 @@ pgconn_send_query_prepared(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	VALUE error;
 	int nParams;
 	int resultFormat;
-	struct query_params_data paramsData;
+	struct query_params_data paramsData = { ENCODING_GET(self) };
 
 	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &name, &paramsData.params, &in_res_fmt, &paramsData.typemap);
 	paramsData.with_types = 0;
-	Check_Type(name, T_STRING);
 
 	if(NIL_P(paramsData.params)) {
 		paramsData.params = rb_ary_new2(0);
@@ -1972,7 +2013,7 @@ pgconn_send_query_prepared(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	resultFormat = NIL_P(in_res_fmt) ? 0 : NUM2INT(in_res_fmt);
 	nParams = alloc_query_params( &paramsData );
 
-	result = gvl_PQsendQueryPrepared(conn, StringValueCStr(name), nParams,
+	result = gvl_PQsendQueryPrepared(conn, pg_cstr_enc(name, paramsData.enc_idx), nParams,
 		(const char * const *)paramsData.values, paramsData.lengths, paramsData.formats,
 		resultFormat);
 
@@ -1999,7 +2040,7 @@ pgconn_send_describe_prepared(VALUE self, VALUE stmt_name)
 	VALUE error;
 	PGconn *conn = pg_get_pgconn(self);
 	/* returns 0 on failure */
-	if(gvl_PQsendDescribePrepared(conn,StringValueCStr(stmt_name)) == 0) {
+	if(gvl_PQsendDescribePrepared(conn, pg_cstr_enc(stmt_name, ENCODING_GET(self))) == 0) {
 		error = rb_exc_new2(rb_eUnableToSend, PQerrorMessage(conn));
 		rb_iv_set(error, "@connection", self);
 		rb_exc_raise(error);
@@ -2021,7 +2062,7 @@ pgconn_send_describe_portal(VALUE self, VALUE portal)
 	VALUE error;
 	PGconn *conn = pg_get_pgconn(self);
 	/* returns 0 on failure */
-	if(gvl_PQsendDescribePortal(conn,StringValueCStr(portal)) == 0) {
+	if(gvl_PQsendDescribePortal(conn, pg_cstr_enc(portal, ENCODING_GET(self))) == 0) {
 		error = rb_exc_new2(rb_eUnableToSend, PQerrorMessage(conn));
 		rb_iv_set(error, "@connection", self);
 		rb_exc_raise(error);
@@ -2193,7 +2234,6 @@ pgconn_flush(self)
 static VALUE
 pgconn_cancel(VALUE self)
 {
-#ifdef HAVE_PQGETCANCEL
 	char errbuf[256];
 	PGcancel *cancel;
 	VALUE retval;
@@ -2211,9 +2251,6 @@ pgconn_cancel(VALUE self)
 
 	PQfreeCancel(cancel);
 	return retval;
-#else
-	rb_notimplement();
-#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -2257,45 +2294,8 @@ pgconn_notifies(VALUE self)
 	return hash;
 }
 
-/* Win32 + Ruby 1.8 */
-#if !defined( HAVE_RUBY_VM_H ) && defined( _WIN32 )
-
-/*
- * Duplicate the sockets from libpq and create temporary CRT FDs
- */
-void create_crt_fd(fd_set *os_set, fd_set *crt_set)
-{
-	int i;
-	crt_set->fd_count = os_set->fd_count;
-	for (i = 0; i < os_set->fd_count; i++) {
-		WSAPROTOCOL_INFO wsa_pi;
-		/* dupicate the SOCKET */
-		int r = WSADuplicateSocket(os_set->fd_array[i], GetCurrentProcessId(), &wsa_pi);
-		SOCKET s = WSASocket(wsa_pi.iAddressFamily, wsa_pi.iSocketType, wsa_pi.iProtocol, &wsa_pi, 0, 0);
-		/* create the CRT fd so ruby can get back to the SOCKET */
-		int fd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY);
-		os_set->fd_array[i] = s;
-		crt_set->fd_array[i] = fd;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Clean up the CRT FDs from create_crt_fd()
- */
-void cleanup_crt_fd(fd_set *os_set, fd_set *crt_set)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < os_set->fd_count; i++) {
-		/* cleanup the CRT fd */
-		_close(crt_set->fd_array[i]);
-		/* cleanup the duplicated SOCKET */
-		closesocket(os_set->fd_array[i]);
-	}
-}
-#endif
-
 /* Win32 + Ruby 1.9+ */
-#if defined( HAVE_RUBY_VM_H ) && defined( _WIN32 )
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
 /*
  * On Windows, use platform-specific strategies to wait for the socket
  * instead of rb_thread_select().
@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ wait_socket_readable( PGconn *conn, struct timeval *ptimeout, void *(*is_readabl
 
 #else
 
-/* non Win32 or Win32+Ruby-1.8 */
+/* non Win32 */
 
 static void *
 wait_socket_readable( PGconn *conn, struct timeval *ptimeout, void *(*is_readable)(PGconn *))
@@ -2393,9 +2393,6 @@ wait_socket_readable( PGconn *conn, struct timeval *ptimeout, void *(*is_readabl
 	void *retval;
 	rb_fdset_t sd_rset;
 	struct timeval aborttime={0,0}, currtime, waittime;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	rb_fdset_t crt_sd_rset;
-#endif
 
 	if ( sd < 0 )
 		rb_raise(rb_eConnectionBad, "PQsocket() can't get socket descriptor");
@@ -2415,14 +2412,6 @@ wait_socket_readable( PGconn *conn, struct timeval *ptimeout, void *(*is_readabl
 		rb_fd_zero( &sd_rset );
 		rb_fd_set( sd, &sd_rset );
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		/* Ruby's FD_SET is modified on win32 to convert a file descriptor
-		 * to osfhandle, but we already get a osfhandle from PQsocket().
-		 * Therefore it's overwritten here. */
-		sd_rset.fd_array[0] = sd;
-		create_crt_fd(&sd_rset, &crt_sd_rset);
-#endif
-
 		if ( ptimeout ) {
 			gettimeofday(&currtime, NULL);
 			timersub(&aborttime, &currtime, &waittime);
@@ -2436,11 +2425,6 @@ wait_socket_readable( PGconn *conn, struct timeval *ptimeout, void *(*is_readabl
 			ret = 0;
 		}
 
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		cleanup_crt_fd(&sd_rset, &crt_sd_rset);
-#endif
-
 		if ( ret < 0 ){
 			rb_fd_term( &sd_rset );
 			rb_sys_fail( "rb_thread_select()" );
@@ -2518,12 +2502,10 @@ pgconn_wait_for_notify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	relname = rb_tainted_str_new2( pnotification->relname );
 	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK( relname, ENCODING_GET(self) );
 	be_pid = INT2NUM( pnotification->be_pid );
-#ifdef HAVE_ST_NOTIFY_EXTRA
 	if ( *pnotification->extra ) {
 		extra = rb_tainted_str_new2( pnotification->extra );
 		PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK( extra, ENCODING_GET(self) );
 	}
-#endif
 	PQfreemem( pnotification );
 
 	if ( rb_block_given_p() )
@@ -2542,9 +2524,10 @@ pgconn_wait_for_notify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * not sent (false is only possible if the connection
  * is in nonblocking mode, and this command would block).
  *
- * encoder can be a PG::Coder derivation (typically PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow).
- * This encodes the received data fields from an Array of Strings. Optionally
- * the encoder can type cast the fields form various Ruby types in one step,
+ * _encoder_ can be a PG::Coder derivation (typically PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow).
+ * This encodes the data fields given as _buffer_ from an Array of Strings to
+ * PostgreSQL's COPY text format inclusive proper escaping. Optionally
+ * the encoder can type cast the fields from various Ruby types in one step,
  * if PG::TextEncoder::CopyRow#type_map is set accordingly.
  *
  * Raises an exception if an error occurs.
@@ -2581,16 +2564,17 @@ pgconn_put_copy_data(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 	if( p_coder ){
 		t_pg_coder_enc_func enc_func;
+		int enc_idx = ENCODING_GET(self);
 
 		enc_func = pg_coder_enc_func( p_coder );
-		len = enc_func( p_coder, value, NULL, &intermediate );
+		len = enc_func( p_coder, value, NULL, &intermediate, enc_idx);
 
 		if( len == -1 ){
 			/* The intermediate value is a String that can be used directly. */
 			buffer = intermediate;
 		} else {
 			buffer = rb_str_new(NULL, len);
-			len = enc_func( p_coder, value, RSTRING_PTR(buffer), &intermediate);
+			len = enc_func( p_coder, value, RSTRING_PTR(buffer), &intermediate, enc_idx);
 			rb_str_set_len( buffer, len );
 		}
 	}
@@ -2629,13 +2613,13 @@ pgconn_put_copy_end(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	VALUE str;
 	VALUE error;
 	int ret;
-	char *error_message = NULL;
+	const char *error_message = NULL;
 	PGconn *conn = pg_get_pgconn(self);
 
 	if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &str) == 0)
 		error_message = NULL;
 	else
-		error_message = StringValueCStr(str);
+		error_message = pg_cstr_enc(str, ENCODING_GET(self));
 
 	ret = gvl_PQputCopyEnd(conn, error_message);
 	if(ret == -1) {
@@ -2654,8 +2638,9 @@ pgconn_put_copy_end(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
  * if the copy is done, or +false+ if the call would
  * block (only possible if _async_ is true).
  *
- * decoder can be a PG::Coder derivation (typically PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow).
- * This decodes the received data fields as Array of Strings. Optionally
+ * _decoder_ can be a PG::Coder derivation (typically PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow).
+ * This decodes the received data fields from PostgreSQL's COPY text format to an
+ * Array of Strings. Optionally
  * the decoder can type cast the fields to various Ruby types in one step,
  * if PG::TextDecoder::CopyRow#type_map is set accordingly.
  *
@@ -2713,7 +2698,7 @@ pgconn_get_copy_data(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self )
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.set_error_verbosity( verbosity ) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.set_error_verbosity( verbosity ) -> Integer
  *
  * Sets connection's verbosity to _verbosity_ and returns
  * the previous setting. Available settings are:
@@ -2956,12 +2941,10 @@ pgconn_set_client_encoding(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 
 	Check_Type(str, T_STRING);
 
-	if ( (PQsetClientEncoding(conn, StringValueCStr(str))) == -1 ) {
-		rb_raise(rb_ePGerror, "invalid encoding name: %s",StringValueCStr(str));
+	if ( (gvl_PQsetClientEncoding(conn, StringValueCStr(str))) == -1 ) {
+		rb_raise(rb_ePGerror, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
 	}
-#ifdef M17N_SUPPORTED
 	pgconn_set_internal_encoding_index( self );
-#endif
 
 	return Qnil;
 }
@@ -3012,8 +2995,10 @@ pgconn_transaction(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    PG::Connection.quote_ident( str ) -> String
  *    conn.quote_ident( str ) -> String
+ *    conn.quote_ident( array ) -> String
+ *    PG::Connection.quote_ident( str ) -> String
+ *    PG::Connection.quote_ident( array ) -> String
  *
  * Returns a string that is safe for inclusion in a SQL query as an
  * identifier. Note: this is not a quote function for values, but for
@@ -3023,40 +3008,41 @@ pgconn_transaction(VALUE self)
  * The identifier <tt>FOO</tt> is folded to lower case, so it actually
  * means <tt>foo</tt>. If you really want to access the case-sensitive
  * field name <tt>FOO</tt>, use this function like
- * <tt>PG::Connection.quote_ident('FOO')</tt>, which will return <tt>"FOO"</tt>
+ * <tt>conn.quote_ident('FOO')</tt>, which will return <tt>"FOO"</tt>
  * (with double-quotes). PostgreSQL will see the double-quotes, and
  * it will not fold to lower case.
  *
  * Similarly, this function also protects against special characters,
  * and other things that might allow SQL injection if the identifier
  * comes from an untrusted source.
+ *
+ * If the parameter is an Array, then all it's values are separately quoted
+ * and then joined by a "." character. This can be used for identifiers in
+ * the form "schema"."table"."column" .
+ *
+ * This method is functional identical to the encoder PG::TextEncoder::Identifier .
+ *
+ * If the instance method form is used and the input string character encoding
+ * is different to the connection encoding, then the string is converted to this
+ * encoding, so that the returned string is always encoded as PG::Connection#internal_encoding .
+ *
+ * In the singleton form (PG::Connection.quote_ident) the character encoding
+ * of the result string is set to the character encoding of the input string.
  */
 static VALUE
-pgconn_s_quote_ident(VALUE self, VALUE in_str)
+pgconn_s_quote_ident(VALUE self, VALUE str_or_array)
 {
 	VALUE ret;
-	char *str = StringValuePtr(in_str);
-	/* result size at most NAMEDATALEN*2 plus surrounding
-	 * double-quotes. */
-	char buffer[NAMEDATALEN*2+2];
-	unsigned int i=0,j=0;
-	unsigned int str_len = RSTRING_LENINT(in_str);
-
-	if(str_len >= NAMEDATALEN) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
-			"Input string is longer than NAMEDATALEN-1 (%d)",
-			NAMEDATALEN-1);
-	}
-	buffer[j++] = '"';
-	for(i = 0; i < str_len && str[i]; i++) {
-		if(str[i] == '"')
-			buffer[j++] = '"';
-		buffer[j++] = str[i];
-	}
-	buffer[j++] = '"';
-	ret = rb_str_new(buffer,j);
-	OBJ_INFECT(ret, in_str);
-	PG_ENCODING_SET_NOCHECK(ret, ENCODING_GET( rb_obj_class(self) == rb_cPGconn ? self : in_str ));
+	int enc_idx;
+
+	if( rb_obj_is_kind_of(self, rb_cPGconn) ){
+		enc_idx = ENCODING_GET( self );
+	}else{
+		enc_idx = RB_TYPE_P(str_or_array, T_STRING) ? ENCODING_GET( str_or_array ) : rb_ascii8bit_encindex();
+	}
+	pg_text_enc_identifier(NULL, str_or_array, NULL, &ret, enc_idx);
+
+	OBJ_INFECT(ret, str_or_array);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -3182,13 +3168,93 @@ pgconn_async_exec(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	return rb_pgresult;
 }
 
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PQSSLATTRIBUTE
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    conn.ssl_in_use? -> Boolean
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if the connection uses SSL, +false+ if not.
+ *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.5
+ */
+static VALUE
+pgconn_ssl_in_use(VALUE self)
+{
+	return PQsslInUse(pg_get_pgconn(self)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    conn.ssl_attribute(attribute_name) -> String
+ *
+ * Returns SSL-related information about the connection.
+ *
+ * The list of available attributes varies depending on the SSL library being used,
+ * and the type of connection. If an attribute is not available, returns nil.
+ *
+ * The following attributes are commonly available:
+ *
+ * [+library+]
+ *   Name of the SSL implementation in use. (Currently, only "OpenSSL" is implemented)
+ * [+protocol+]
+ *   SSL/TLS version in use. Common values are "SSLv2", "SSLv3", "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1" and "TLSv1.2", but an implementation may return other strings if some other protocol is used.
+ * [+key_bits+]
+ *   Number of key bits used by the encryption algorithm.
+ * [+cipher+]
+ *   A short name of the ciphersuite used, e.g. "DHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA". The names are specific to each SSL implementation.
+ * [+compression+]
+ *   If SSL compression is in use, returns the name of the compression algorithm, or "on" if compression is used but the algorithm is not known. If compression is not in use, returns "off".
+ *
+ *
+ * See also #ssl_attribute_names and http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/libpq-status.html#LIBPQ-PQSSLATTRIBUTE
+ *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.5
+ */
+static VALUE
+pgconn_ssl_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE attribute_name)
+{
+	const char *p_attr;
+
+	p_attr = PQsslAttribute(pg_get_pgconn(self), StringValueCStr(attribute_name));
+	return p_attr ? rb_str_new_cstr(p_attr) : Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    conn.ssl_attribute_names -> Array<String>
+ *
+ * Return an array of SSL attribute names available.
+ *
+ * See also #ssl_attribute
+ *
+ * Available since PostgreSQL-9.5
+ */
+static VALUE
+pgconn_ssl_attribute_names(VALUE self)
+{
+	int i;
+	const char * const * p_list = PQsslAttributeNames(pg_get_pgconn(self));
+	VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
+
+	for ( i = 0; p_list[i]; i++ ) {
+		rb_ary_push( ary, rb_str_new_cstr( p_list[i] ));
+	}
+	return ary;
+}
+
+
+#endif
+
+
 /**************************************************************************
  * LARGE OBJECT SUPPORT
  **************************************************************************/
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.lo_creat( [mode] ) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.lo_creat( [mode] ) -> Integer
  *
  * Creates a large object with mode _mode_. Returns a large object Oid.
  * On failure, it raises PG::Error.
@@ -3215,7 +3281,7 @@ pgconn_locreat(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.lo_create( oid ) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.lo_create( oid ) -> Integer
  *
  * Creates a large object with oid _oid_. Returns the large object Oid.
  * On failure, it raises PG::Error.
@@ -3236,7 +3302,7 @@ pgconn_locreate(VALUE self, VALUE in_lo_oid)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.lo_import(file) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.lo_import(file) -> Integer
  *
  * Import a file to a large object. Returns a large object Oid.
  *
@@ -3281,7 +3347,7 @@ pgconn_loexport(VALUE self, VALUE lo_oid, VALUE filename)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.lo_open( oid, [mode] ) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.lo_open( oid, [mode] ) -> Integer
  *
  * Open a large object of _oid_. Returns a large object descriptor
  * instance on success. The _mode_ argument specifies the mode for
@@ -3312,7 +3378,7 @@ pgconn_loopen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.lo_write( lo_desc, buffer ) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.lo_write( lo_desc, buffer ) -> Integer
  *
  * Writes the string _buffer_ to the large object _lo_desc_.
  * Returns the number of bytes written.
@@ -3379,7 +3445,7 @@ pgconn_loread(VALUE self, VALUE in_lo_desc, VALUE in_len)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.lo_lseek( lo_desc, offset, whence ) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.lo_lseek( lo_desc, offset, whence ) -> Integer
  *
  * Move the large object pointer _lo_desc_ to offset _offset_.
  * Valid values for _whence_ are +SEEK_SET+, +SEEK_CUR+, and +SEEK_END+.
@@ -3401,7 +3467,7 @@ pgconn_lolseek(VALUE self, VALUE in_lo_desc, VALUE offset, VALUE whence)
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
- *    conn.lo_tell( lo_desc ) -> Fixnum
+ *    conn.lo_tell( lo_desc ) -> Integer
  *
  * Returns the current position of the large object _lo_desc_.
  */
@@ -3474,8 +3540,6 @@ pgconn_lounlink(VALUE self, VALUE in_oid)
 }
 
 
-#ifdef M17N_SUPPORTED
-
 void
 pgconn_set_internal_encoding_index( VALUE self )
 {
@@ -3537,7 +3601,7 @@ pgconn_internal_encoding_set(VALUE self, VALUE enc)
 		rb_encoding *rbenc = rb_to_encoding( enc );
 		const char *name = pg_get_rb_encoding_as_pg_encoding( rbenc );
 
-		if ( PQsetClientEncoding(pg_get_pgconn( self ), name) == -1 ) {
+		if ( gvl_PQsetClientEncoding(pg_get_pgconn( self ), name) == -1 ) {
 			VALUE server_encoding = pgconn_external_encoding( self );
 			rb_raise( rb_eEncCompatError, "incompatible character encodings: %s and %s",
 					  rb_enc_name(rb_to_encoding(server_encoding)), name );
@@ -3579,6 +3643,34 @@ pgconn_external_encoding(VALUE self)
 }
 
 
+static VALUE
+pgconn_set_client_encoding_async1( VALUE args )
+{
+	VALUE self = ((VALUE*)args)[0];
+	VALUE encname = ((VALUE*)args)[1];
+	VALUE query_format = rb_str_new_cstr("set client_encoding to '%s'");
+	VALUE query = rb_funcall(query_format, rb_intern("%"), 1, encname);
+
+	pgconn_async_exec(1, &query, self);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+pgconn_set_client_encoding_async2( VALUE arg )
+{
+	UNUSED(arg);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+
+static VALUE
+pgconn_set_client_encoding_async( VALUE self, const char *encname )
+{
+	VALUE args[] = { self, rb_str_new_cstr(encname) };
+	return rb_rescue(pgconn_set_client_encoding_async1, (VALUE)&args, pgconn_set_client_encoding_async2, Qnil);
+}
+
 
 /*
  * call-seq:
@@ -3597,7 +3689,7 @@ pgconn_set_default_encoding( VALUE self )
 
 	if (( enc = rb_default_internal_encoding() )) {
 		encname = pg_get_rb_encoding_as_pg_encoding( enc );
-		if ( PQsetClientEncoding(conn, encname) != 0 )
+		if ( pgconn_set_client_encoding_async(self, encname) != 0 )
 			rb_warn( "Failed to set the default_internal encoding to %s: '%s'",
 			         encname, PQerrorMessage(conn) );
 		pgconn_set_internal_encoding_index( self );
@@ -3609,8 +3701,6 @@ pgconn_set_default_encoding( VALUE self )
 }
 
 
-#endif /* M17N_SUPPORTED */
-
 /*
  * call-seq:
  *    res.type_map_for_queries = typemap
@@ -3729,7 +3819,7 @@ pgconn_encoder_for_put_copy_data_set(VALUE self, VALUE typemap)
  *
  * Returns either:
  * * a kind of PG::Coder
- * * +nil+ - type encoding is disabled, returned data will be a String.
+ * * +nil+ - type encoding is disabled, data must be a String.
  *
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -3790,6 +3880,9 @@ pgconn_decoder_for_get_copy_data_get(VALUE self)
 }
 
 
+/*
+ * Document-class: PG::Connection
+ */
 void
 init_pg_connection()
 {
@@ -3816,9 +3909,7 @@ init_pg_connection()
 	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPGconn, "quote_ident", pgconn_s_quote_ident, 1);
 	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPGconn, "connect_start", pgconn_s_connect_start, -1);
 	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPGconn, "conndefaults", pgconn_s_conndefaults, 0);
-#ifdef HAVE_PQPING
 	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cPGconn, "ping", pgconn_s_ping, -1);
-#endif
 
 	/******     PG::Connection INSTANCE METHODS: Connection Control     ******/
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "initialize", pgconn_init, -1);
@@ -3835,9 +3926,6 @@ init_pg_connection()
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "user", pgconn_user, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "pass", pgconn_pass, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "host", pgconn_host, 0);
-#ifdef HAVE_PQHOSTADDR
-	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "hostaddr", pgconn_hostaddr, 0);
-#endif
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "port", pgconn_port, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "tty", pgconn_tty, 0);
 #ifdef HAVE_PQCONNINFO
@@ -3851,9 +3939,7 @@ init_pg_connection()
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "server_version", pgconn_server_version, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "error_message", pgconn_error_message, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "socket", pgconn_socket, 0);
-#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(HAVE_RB_W32_WRAP_IO_HANDLE)
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "socket_io", pgconn_socket_io, 0);
-#endif
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "backend_pid", pgconn_backend_pid, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "connection_needs_password", pgconn_connection_needs_password, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "connection_used_password", pgconn_connection_used_password, 0);
@@ -3870,17 +3956,11 @@ init_pg_connection()
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "make_empty_pgresult", pgconn_make_empty_pgresult, 1);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "escape_string", pgconn_s_escape, 1);
 	rb_define_alias(rb_cPGconn, "escape", "escape_string");
-#ifdef HAVE_PQESCAPELITERAL
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "escape_literal", pgconn_escape_literal, 1);
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_PQESCAPEIDENTIFIER
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "escape_identifier", pgconn_escape_identifier, 1);
-#endif
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "escape_bytea", pgconn_s_escape_bytea, 1);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "unescape_bytea", pgconn_s_unescape_bytea, 1);
-#ifdef HAVE_PQSETSINGLEROWMODE
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "set_single_row_mode", pgconn_set_single_row_mode, 0);
-#endif
 
 	/******     PG::Connection INSTANCE METHODS: Asynchronous Command Processing     ******/
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "send_query", pgconn_send_query, -1);
@@ -3928,6 +4008,15 @@ init_pg_connection()
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "async_exec", pgconn_async_exec, -1);
 	rb_define_alias(rb_cPGconn, "async_query", "async_exec");
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "get_last_result", pgconn_get_last_result, 0);
+#ifdef HAVE_PQENCRYPTPASSWORDCONN
+	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "encrypt_password", pgconn_encrypt_password, -1);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PQSSLATTRIBUTE
+	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "ssl_in_use?", pgconn_ssl_in_use, 0);
+	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "ssl_attribute", pgconn_ssl_attribute, 1);
+	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "ssl_attribute_names", pgconn_ssl_attribute_names, 0);
+#endif
 
 	/******     PG::Connection INSTANCE METHODS: Large Object Support     ******/
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "lo_creat", pgconn_locreat, -1);
@@ -3957,12 +4046,10 @@ init_pg_connection()
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "lo_unlink", pgconn_lounlink, 1);
 	rb_define_alias(rb_cPGconn, "lounlink", "lo_unlink");
 
-#ifdef M17N_SUPPORTED
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "internal_encoding", pgconn_internal_encoding, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "internal_encoding=", pgconn_internal_encoding_set, 1);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "external_encoding", pgconn_external_encoding, 0);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "set_default_encoding", pgconn_set_default_encoding, 0);
-#endif /* M17N_SUPPORTED */
 
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "type_map_for_queries=", pgconn_type_map_for_queries_set, 1);
 	rb_define_method(rb_cPGconn, "type_map_for_queries", pgconn_type_map_for_queries_get, 0);