petergate 3.1.0 → 4.0.0

data/lib/petergate/action_controller/base.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# Included into ActionController::Base *and* ActionController::API: Rails runs
+# the :action_controller load hook for both. See the hook at the bottom of this
+# file for why that hook rather than the Base/API-specific pair.
 module Petergate
   module ActionController
     module Base
@@ -11,59 +14,285 @@ module Petergate
           end
         end
 
+        # Every action on this controller, and nothing else.
+        #
+        # Rails' own `action_methods` is not that list. `internal_methods` stops
+        # at the first abstract controller and then adds back
+        # `public_instance_methods(false)` for each concrete class below it, so
+        # a public helper defined on a concrete superclass -- `current_user`
+        # overridden in ApplicationController, say, or anything `devise_group`
+        # generates -- comes back as an action and gets swept into `:all` and
+        # `except:` rules.
+        #
+        # Rather than blocklisting names, ask whether a method could be an
+        # action at all: Rails dispatches actions by name with no arguments, and
+        # a helper_method is by definition not one.
+        #
+        # Memoized against the identity of Rails' own action_methods Set. Rails
+        # replaces that Set whenever a method is added to the controller, so
+        # this inherits Rails' invalidation instead of hooking method_added,
+        # which would put a method on every controller in the application for an
+        # app to override without noticing.
         def all_actions
-          ->{self.action_methods.to_a.map(&:to_sym) - [:check_access, :title]}.call
+          methods = action_methods
+          return @_petergate_all_actions if @_petergate_action_methods.equal?(methods)
+
+          # Frozen: it is handed straight to callers, and a caller mutating it
+          # would corrupt every later :all and except: expansion.
+          actions = petergate_action_names(methods).freeze
+
+          # The value before the guard. Assigning the guard first would let
+          # another thread see it set, take the early return, and get the nil
+          # value -- which reaches parse_permission_rules on the authorization
+          # path, where `:all` silently expands to nothing and `except:` raises
+          # NoMethodError on nil.
+          @_petergate_all_actions    = actions
+          @_petergate_action_methods = methods
+          actions
         end
 
         def except_actions(arr = [])
           all_actions - arr
         end
 
-        def access(rules = {}, &block)
+        # The auth model this controller's rules are about, inherited by
+        # subclasses. Called with no argument it reads the current value.
+        #
+        # Takes a Class -- `petergate_scope Employee` -- or a Symbol naming a
+        # Devise mapping. A Class works for both an STI subclass sharing one
+        # login and a separately mapped model; see Petergate.devise_scope_for.
+        def petergate_scope(scope = nil)
+          return petergate_default_scope if scope.nil?
+
+          petergate_validate_scope!(scope)
+          self.petergate_default_scope = scope.is_a?(Class) ? scope : scope.to_sym
+        end
+
+        # access [scope], [denial message], role => actions, ...
+        #
+        # The scope and the message are positional, not keys in the rules hash.
+        # Neither names a role, and burying them among the roles made them look
+        # like ones -- and made those two names unusable as roles.
+        #
+        #   access all: [:index], admin: :all      # current_user, as always
+        #   access Employee, support: :all         # an STI subclass
+        #   access Vendor,   supplier: :all        # a separately mapped model
+        #   access :member,  admin: :all           # a Devise mapping by name
+        #   access "Staff only", admin: :all       # a denial message
+        #   access Employee, "Staff only", support: :all
+        #
+        # A scope is a Class or a Symbol and a message is a String, so they are
+        # told apart by type and may be given in either order.
+        def access(*args, **rules, &block)
+          # A braced hash arrives positionally: access({[:all, :user] => [...]}).
+          rules = args.pop.merge(rules) if args.last.is_a?(::Hash)
+
+          scope   = args.find { |arg| arg.is_a?(::Class) || arg.is_a?(::Symbol) }
+
+          petergate_validate_scope!(scope)
+          message = args.find { |arg| arg.is_a?(::String) }
+
+          # delete_at rather than Array#-, which removes every equal element and
+          # so let `access :staff, :staff, ...` through as though the repeat had
+          # been asked for.
+          unexpected = args.dup
+          [scope, message].compact.each { |arg| unexpected.delete_at(unexpected.index(arg)) }
+          # empty? rather than any?: `any?` without a block skips falsy
+          # elements, so `access false, user: [:index]` was accepted silently.
+          unless unexpected.empty?
+            raise ArgumentError, "access takes a scope (a class or symbol) and a denial " \
+                                 "message (a string) before its rules, got #{unexpected.inspect}"
+          end
+
           if block
             b_rules = block.call
             rules = rules.merge(b_rules) if b_rules.is_a?(Hash)
           end
 
-          instance_eval do
-            @_controller_rules = rules
-            @_controller_message = rules.delete(:message)
+          # dup before deleting: the hash belongs to the caller, and the old
+          # code mutated it as a side effect of reading :message out.
+          rules = rules.dup
 
-            def controller_rules
-              @_controller_rules
-            end
+          # `message:` in the hash is deprecated: it names nothing in the role
+          # vocabulary, and having it there is what made :message unusable as a
+          # role name. A positional string wins when both are given.
+          #
+          # Kernel#warn rather than ActiveSupport::Deprecation, matching the
+          # AllRest deprecation above -- and because a gem-owned deprecator
+          # registered with the app would raise under the suite's
+          # `config.active_support.deprecation = :raise`.
+          if rules.key?(:message)
+            source = caller_locations(1, 1)&.first
+            warn "petergate: passing `message:` to `access` is deprecated. Give the message " \
+                 "as a string before the rules instead -- `access \"...\", user: [:index]`." \
+                 "#{" Called from #{source.path}:#{source.lineno}." if source}"
+          end
 
-            def controller_message
-              @_controller_message || "Permission Denied"
-            end
+          message ||= rules.delete(:message)
+          rules.delete(:message)
+
+          # A rule that named no scope follows the reading controller's
+          # petergate_scope, so it is filed under a sentinel and resolved when
+          # read. Rewriting keys at declaration time cannot see subclasses yet.
+          #
+          # No normalization: the find above admits only a Class or a Symbol,
+          # and a String is refused outright, so there is nothing left to coerce.
+          defaulted = scope.nil?
+          key       = defaulted ? Petergate::DEFAULT_SCOPE : scope
+
+          # A subclass declaring `access` replaces everything it inherited, the
+          # way it always has. Only calls within one class body accumulate.
+          #
+          # Merging across the hierarchy instead would silently widen access on
+          # upgrade: a subclass that narrows its parent -- the documented reason
+          # to declare `access` again -- would keep the parent's wider rule live
+          # beside its own, and OR them.
+          petergate_claim_rules!
+
+          # Keyed by the scope *as declared*, not by the Devise scope it
+          # resolves to. Under STI `Employee` and `Manager` both resolve to the
+          # same Devise scope, and keying on that would make the second
+          # declaration silently replace the first instead of widening access.
+          #
+          # Re-declaring the same scope replaces it, which is what subclasses
+          # have always done to narrow a parent's rules. Declaring a different
+          # scope adds to them.
+          self.petergate_rules = petergate_rules
+            .merge(key => Petergate::Rule.new(
+              scope: scope, rules: rules.freeze, message: message, defaulted: defaulted
+            ))
+            .freeze
+
+          install_petergate_callback!
+        end
 
-            def inherited(subclass)
-              super
-              subclass.instance_variable_set("@_controller_rules", instance_variable_get("@_controller_rules"))
-              subclass.instance_variable_set("@_controller_message", instance_variable_get("@_controller_message"))
+        # Deprecated. petergate's own callback no longer calls these, but
+        # applications may. Kept quiet deliberately: the suite raises on any
+        # ActiveSupport deprecation.
+        def controller_rules
+          rule = petergate_rules[Petergate::DEFAULT_SCOPE] ||
+                 petergate_rules[petergate_default_scope] ||
+                 petergate_rules.values.first
+          rule&.rules || {}
+        end
+
+        def controller_message
+          petergate_rules.each_value.map(&:message).compact.first || "Permission Denied"
+        end
+
+        private
+          # A class that is not a model can never be a scope: there is no name to
+          # derive a helper from, so it resolves to :user, the exact type check
+          # then refuses every role rule, and `all:` rules keep granting -- all
+          # silently. Refuse it where it is declared instead.
+          def petergate_validate_scope!(scope)
+            # To `access` a String is the denial message. Accepting one here as
+            # a scope name would make the same literal mean two different things
+            # depending on which declaration it landed in, so a typo would be
+            # silently absorbed by whichever it hit. Symbols name scopes.
+            if scope.is_a?(::String)
+              raise ArgumentError, "petergate_scope takes a model class or a symbol, not the " \
+                                   "string #{scope.inspect}. Write `petergate_scope " \
+                                   ":#{scope}` -- to `access`, a string is the denial message."
             end
+
+            return unless scope.is_a?(::Class)
+            return if scope.respond_to?(:model_name)
+
+            raise ArgumentError, "#{scope} cannot be a petergate scope: it is not a model, " \
+                                 "so there is no `current_...` to authorize against."
           end
 
-          before_action do 
-            unless logged_in?(:root_admin)
-              message = permissions(self.class.controller_rules)
-              if message == false || message.is_a?(String)
-                if current_user || @user
-                  forbidden! message
-                else
-                  unauthorized!
-                end
-              end
-            end
+          # Rules belong to the class that declared them. The first `access` in
+          # a class discards whatever it inherited; later ones in the same class
+          # add to it.
+          def petergate_claim_rules!
+            return if petergate_rules_owner == self
+
+            self.petergate_rules_owner = self
+            self.petergate_rules = {}.freeze
+          end
+
+          def petergate_action_names(methods)
+            own         = public_instance_methods(false).map(&:to_sym)
+            view_helper = respond_to?(:_helper_methods) ? _helper_methods.map(&:to_sym) : []
+
+            methods.to_a.map(&:to_sym).select { |name|
+              # What cannot be an action, whoever declared it. Rails dispatches
+              # actions by name with no arguments, and predicates and bang
+              # methods -- `authenticate_<scope>!` among them -- are not actions
+              # by convention.
+              next false if name.to_s.end_with?("?", "!")
+
+              method = begin
+                         instance_method(name)
+                       rescue NameError
+                         nil
+                       end
+              next false if method.nil?
+              next false if method.parameters.any? { |type, _| type == :req || type == :keyreq }
+
+              # Past those, a method the controller declares itself is an action
+              # even when it is also registered as a helper, so an action may
+              # share a name with one.
+              next true if own.include?(name)
+
+              !view_helper.include?(name)
+            } - [:check_access, :title]
+          end
+
+          # Exactly one callback, however many `access` calls a controller makes.
+          #
+          # One per call would AND them together -- each denying on its own --
+          # which is the opposite of what several scopes on one controller mean.
+          # The flag is a class_attribute, so a subclass that calls `access`
+          # again does not install a second copy; the inherited callback reads
+          # the subclass's own rules at request time.
+          #
+          # Registered here rather than at include time so it lands at the
+          # position of the `access` call, keeping the ordering apps rely on
+          # when an earlier before_action sets up what petergate reads. A named
+          # method rather than a block, so `skip_before_action` can reach it.
+          # Registered at the position of the `access` call that declared the
+          # rules, for every class that declares them -- not just the first in a
+          # hierarchy. A subclass that sets up its own authentication and then
+          # declares `access` wants petergate to run after that setup:
+          #
+          #     class Api::BaseController < ApplicationController
+          #       before_action :authenticate_from_token
+          #       access admin: :all
+          #     end
+          #
+          # The declaring class is tracked rather than the chain inspected: the
+          # filter is inherited, so it is always already present and inspecting
+          # the chain can only ever leave it at the ancestor's position.
+          # Skipping first keeps it to a single registration, and `raise: false`
+          # because a class that never inherited it has nothing to skip.
+          def install_petergate_callback!
+            return if petergate_callback_owner == self
+
+            self.petergate_callback_owner = self
+            skip_before_action :petergate_check_access!, raise: false
+            before_action :petergate_check_access!
           end
-        end
       end
 
       ALLRESTDEP = [:show, :index, :new, :edit, :update, :create, :destroy]
 
       def self.included(base)
         base.extend(ClassMethods)
-        base.helper_method :logged_in?, :forbidden!, :unauthorized! if base.respond_to?(:helper_method)
+
+        # instance_accessor: false -- these are only ever read through
+        # self.class, and there is no reason to put three more public methods on
+        # every controller in the application.
+        base.class_attribute :petergate_default_scope,      instance_accessor: false, default: :user
+        base.class_attribute :petergate_rules,              instance_accessor: false, default: {}.freeze
+        base.class_attribute :petergate_rules_owner,        instance_accessor: false, default: nil
+        base.class_attribute :petergate_callback_owner,     instance_accessor: false, default: nil
+
+        # user_logged_in? is documented as a view helper but was never
+        # registered as one.
+        base.helper_method :logged_in?, :user_logged_in?, :forbidden!, :unauthorized! if base.respond_to?(:helper_method)
       end
 
       def parse_permission_rules(rules)
@@ -85,49 +314,70 @@ module Petergate
         rules = rules.inject({}){|h, (k, v)| k.class == Array ? h.merge(Hash[k.map{|kk| [kk, v]}]) : h.merge(k => v) }
       end
 
-      def permissions(rules = {all: [:index, :show], customer: [], wiring: []})
+      def permissions(rules = {all: [:index, :show], customer: [], wiring: []}, scope: nil)
         rules = parse_permission_rules(rules)
         allowances = [rules[:all]]
-        current_user.roles.each do |role|
+        resource = petergate_resource(scope || self.class.petergate_scope, strict: false)
+        resource.roles.each do |role|
           allowances << rules[role]
-        end if user_logged_in? 
+        end if resource
         allowances.flatten.compact.include?(action_name.to_sym)
       end
 
-      def logged_in?(*roles)
-        current_user && current_user.has_roles?(*roles)
+      # Roles are varargs, so the scope has to be a trailing keyword. Every
+      # documented call -- logged_in?(:admin, :editor) -- is unaffected.
+      #
+      # Defaults to the controller's own scope rather than :user, so a bare
+      # logged_in?(:manager) in a view under `petergate_scope Employee` asks the
+      # employee. Resolves leniently: a view should render false for an unknown
+      # scope, not raise. The strict resolution is on the authorization path,
+      # where silence would be a hole.
+      def logged_in?(*roles, scope: nil)
+        resource = petergate_resource(scope || self.class.petergate_scope, strict: false)
+        # `resource &&` rather than a boolean cast: this has always returned nil
+        # for a visitor, and views render that as "" where false renders "false".
+        resource && resource.has_roles?(*roles)
       end
 
-      def user_logged_in?
-        !!current_user
+      # Note this asks the type-exact question: under `petergate_scope Employee`
+      # a signed-in Manager is not an Employee, so this is false even though
+      # somebody is signed in. That is deliberate, and it is a different question
+      # from the one behind forbidden-vs-unauthorized, which asks whether the
+      # underlying login is occupied at all.
+      def user_logged_in?(scope: nil)
+        !!petergate_resource(scope || self.class.petergate_scope, strict: false)
       end
 
+      # First match wins: the message of the scope that actually refused a
+      # signed-in person, then the controller's own scope, then whatever was
+      # declared first.
       def custom_message
-        defined?(self.class.controller_message) ? self.class.controller_message : 'Permission Denied'
-      end
+        rules = petergate_declared_rules
 
-      # ActionController::API does not include ActionController::MimeResponds,
-      # so `respond_to` is unavailable there. API controllers get a bare status
-      # code instead of an HTML redirect, which is what an API caller expects.
-      def negotiates_formats?
-        respond_to?(:respond_to)
+        petergate_signed_in_rule&.message ||
+          rules.find { |rule| petergate_scope_of(rule) == self.class.petergate_scope }&.message ||
+          rules.map(&:message).compact.first ||
+          "Permission Denied"
       end
 
-      def unauthorized!
-        return head(:unauthorized) unless negotiates_formats?
+      def unauthorized!(scope: nil)
+        # ActionController::API has no MimeResponds, so no respond_to; a bare
+        # status is the right answer for an API caller regardless.
+        return head(:unauthorized) if is_a?(::ActionController::API)
 
         respond_to do |format|
-          format.any(:js, :json, :xml) do 
+          format.any(:js, :json, :xml) do
             head(:unauthorized)
           end
           format.html do
-            return authenticate_user! 
+            return petergate_authenticate!(scope || petergate_denial_scope)
           end
         end
       end
 
       def forbidden!(msg = nil)
-        return head(:forbidden) unless negotiates_formats?
+        # See unauthorized! -- API controllers cannot respond_to.
+        return head(:forbidden) if is_a?(::ActionController::API)
 
         respond_to do |format|
           format.any(:js, :json, :xml) do 
@@ -142,11 +392,222 @@ module Petergate
             # destination. Honouring the real header now would change where
             # every existing app sends a refused user, and would hand the
             # redirect target to the caller.
-            destination = current_user.present? ? after_sign_in_path_for(current_user) : root_path
+            resource = petergate_redirect_resource
+            destination = resource.present? ? after_sign_in_path_for(resource) : root_path
             redirect_to destination, notice: notice
           end
         end
       end
+
+      private
+        # The single callback every `access` call feeds.
+        #
+        # Scopes are OR'd: each is evaluated against its own resource, and one
+        # passing is enough. Private, so it can never be mistaken for an action.
+        def petergate_check_access!
+          rules = petergate_declared_rules
+          return if rules.empty?
+
+          # The cache lives for this check and no longer. Within it, an empty
+          # scope is asked about many times -- the root_admin pass, the granting
+          # pass, the denial decision, the redirect target, the message -- and
+          # caching nil keeps that to one lookup. Outside it, a cached nil would
+          # outlive an action that signs someone in and then renders, leaving the
+          # view to draw itself for a stranger.
+          @_petergate_resources = {}
+
+          begin
+            petergate_evaluate_access!(rules)
+          ensure
+            @_petergate_resources = nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        def petergate_evaluate_access!(rules)
+          # Every declared scope must have a helper behind it, whoever happens
+          # to be signed in: the passes below short-circuit, so a typo would
+          # otherwise raise or stay silent depending on the request.
+          #
+          # Existence only. Actually reading current_<scope> would have Warden
+          # deserialize a session -- and possibly query -- for scopes the checks
+          # may never reach.
+          rules.each { |rule| petergate_assert_scope!(petergate_scope_of(rule)) }
+
+          # root_admin bypasses, but only in a scope this controller declares.
+          # Including the controller's default scope unconditionally would let a
+          # root_admin User walk into a controller whose rules are all about
+          # another model.
+          return if rules.any? { |rule| petergate_holds_role?(petergate_scope_of(rule), :root_admin) }
+
+          return if rules.any? { |rule| petergate_grants?(rule) }
+
+          # Nobody passed. Whether that is "wrong person" or "no person" decides
+          # between the two denials, and the answer falls out of the scope
+          # rather than needing configuration: if a declared scope holds someone
+          # -- signed in but the wrong type, under STI -- there is nothing
+          # further to authenticate as. If every declared scope is empty, a
+          # login genuinely is the answer.
+          #
+          # @user is honoured as a stand-in for a signed-in resource, as it
+          # always has been.
+          if petergate_signed_in_rule || @user
+            forbidden!
+          else
+            unauthorized!
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Every rule this controller authorizes by, and the scope each resolves
+        # to here -- a rule that named no scope follows this controller's
+        # petergate_scope, wherever it was declared.
+        def petergate_declared_rules
+          self.class.petergate_rules.values
+        end
+
+        def petergate_scope_of(rule)
+          rule.scope_for(self.class)
+        end
+
+        def petergate_grants?(rule)
+          rules      = parse_permission_rules(rule.rules)
+          allowances = [rules[:all]]
+          resource   = petergate_resource(petergate_scope_of(rule))
+
+          resource.roles.each { |role| allowances << rules[role] } if resource
+          allowances.flatten.compact.include?(action_name.to_sym)
+        end
+
+        def petergate_holds_role?(scope, *roles)
+          resource = petergate_resource(scope)
+          !!resource && resource.has_roles?(*roles)
+        end
+
+        # The resource for a scope, or nil when it is the wrong type.
+        #
+        # A Class scope matches exactly: under STI `current_user` may be any
+        # subclass, and `access Employee` means an Employee, not merely something
+        # descended from User. A subclass therefore has to name itself.
+        def petergate_resource(scope, strict: true)
+          resource = petergate_scope_resource(scope, strict: strict)
+          return resource unless scope.is_a?(Class)
+
+          resource if resource.instance_of?(scope)
+        end
+
+        # Checks that a scope resolves to a helper this controller actually has.
+        # Cheap and free of side effects, so it can run for every declared scope
+        # on every request.
+        def petergate_assert_scope!(scope)
+          method = "current_#{Petergate.devise_scope_for(scope)}"
+          return if respond_to?(method, true)
+
+          raise Petergate::MissingScopeError, petergate_missing_scope_message(method, scope)
+        end
+
+        def petergate_scope_resource(scope, strict: true)
+          # Never created here. The cache is set up by petergate_check_access!
+          # and torn down with it, so a lenient caller outside that window --
+          # a view helper, or an app filter on a controller with no `access` at
+          # all -- reads the login fresh instead of leaving a nil behind for the
+          # rest of the request.
+          cache = @_petergate_resources
+
+          # Keyed by the Devise scope, not the declared one. Several classes can
+          # share one login -- under STI they all do -- and they are the same
+          # resource; only the type check that follows differs. Keyed by the
+          # declared scope instead, `Employee` and `Staff` each cost their own
+          # session lookup.
+          devise_scope = Petergate.devise_scope_for(scope)
+          return cache[devise_scope] if cache&.key?(devise_scope)
+
+          method = "current_#{devise_scope}"
+
+          # A missing helper is never recorded, so a lenient caller cannot
+          # suppress the error for a later strict one.
+          unless respond_to?(method, true)
+            raise Petergate::MissingScopeError, petergate_missing_scope_message(method, scope) if strict
+            return nil
+          end
+
+          resource = send(method)
+          # nil is recorded too: within one check an empty scope is asked about
+          # by every pass, and each miss would otherwise be a fresh lookup.
+          cache[devise_scope] = resource if cache
+          resource
+        end
+
+        # The first declared rule whose scope holds anyone at all, whatever
+        # their type. This is what separates "wrong person" from "no person".
+        def petergate_signed_in_rule
+          petergate_declared_rules.find do |rule|
+            petergate_scope_resource(petergate_scope_of(rule), strict: false)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Whom to redirect a refused person to their own home page as. Falls
+        # back to the controller's scope because forbidden! is public API and
+        # gets called from controllers that declare no rules at all.
+        def petergate_redirect_resource
+          rule = petergate_signed_in_rule
+          return petergate_scope_resource(petergate_scope_of(rule), strict: false) if rule
+
+          petergate_scope_resource(self.class.petergate_scope, strict: false)
+        end
+
+        # Which login a stranger is sent to. The controller's own scope when it
+        # is one of the declared ones -- that is what `petergate_scope` is for --
+        # otherwise the first scope declared, so a controller whose only rules
+        # are about Employee never hands visitors a :user login.
+        def petergate_denial_scope
+          rules   = petergate_declared_rules
+          default = self.class.petergate_scope
+          scopes  = rules.map { |rule| petergate_scope_of(rule) }
+          return default if scopes.empty? || scopes.include?(default)
+
+          scopes.first
+        end
+
+        def petergate_authenticate!(scope)
+          petergate_send("authenticate_#{Petergate.devise_scope_for(scope)}!", scope, strict: true)
+        end
+
+        # respond_to?/send rather than public_send: Devise's helpers are public,
+        # an application's hand-written ones are often private (and should be,
+        # or they look like actions). Both have to work.
+        def petergate_send(method, scope, strict:)
+          unless respond_to?(method, true)
+            return nil unless strict
+
+            raise Petergate::MissingScopeError, petergate_missing_scope_message(method, scope)
+          end
+
+          send(method)
+        end
+
+        # Says which of the two ways this went wrong, because they have
+        # different fixes and the resolved name alone does not distinguish them.
+        def petergate_missing_scope_message(method, scope)
+          devise_scope = Petergate.devise_scope_for(scope)
+
+          if scope.is_a?(Class) && devise_scope != Petergate.own_scope_name_for(scope)
+            <<~MESSAGE.squish
+              #{self.class.name} authorizes against #{scope}, which petergate resolved to the
+              #{devise_scope.inspect} authentication scope -- but there is no ##{method}.
+              If #{scope} signs in through its own login, add
+              `devise_for :#{devise_scope.to_s.pluralize}` to config/routes.rb. If it shares a
+              login with a parent class, that parent is what needs the login, and #{scope} only
+              needs its roles. If #{scope} is not an authenticatable model at all, it cannot be
+              a petergate scope.
+            MESSAGE
+          else
+            <<~MESSAGE.squish
+              #{self.class.name} authorizes against the #{scope.inspect} scope, but there is no
+              ##{method}. Add `devise_for :#{devise_scope.to_s.pluralize}` to config/routes.rb,
+              or define ##{method} yourself. A scope comes from `petergate_scope` or from
+              the first argument to `access`.
+            MESSAGE
+          end
+        end
     end
   end
 end