pepe-i18n 0.2.0

data/CHANGELOG.textile

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+h1. Changelog
+
+h2. master
+
+* (no changes)
+
+h2. 0.2.0 (2009-07-12)
+
+* "Allow using Ruby 1.9 syntax for string interpolation (API addition)":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/c6e0b06d512f2af57199a843a1d8a40241b32861
+* "Allow configuring the default scope separator, allow to pass a custom scope separator(API addition)":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/5b75bfbc348061adc11e3790187a187275bfd471 (e.g. I18n.t(:'foo|bar', :separator => '|') 
+* "Pass :format option to #translate for #localize more useful lambda support":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/e277711b3c844fe7589b8d3f9af0f7d1b969a273
+* "Refactor Simple backend #resolve to #default and #resolve for more consistency. Now allows to pass lambdas as defaults and re-resolve Symbols":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/8c4ce3d923ce5fa73e973fe28217e18165549aba
+* "Add lambda support to #translate (API addition)":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/c90e62d8f7d3d5b78f34cfe328d871b58884f115
+* "Add lambda support to #localize (API addition)":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/9d390afcf33f3f469bb95e6888147152f6cc7442
+
+h2. 0.1.3 (2009-02-27)
+
+* "Remove unnecessary string encoding handling in the i18n simple backend which made the backend break on Ruby 1.9":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/4c3a970783861a94f2e89f46714fb3434e4f4f8d
+
+h2. 0.1.2 (2009-01-09)
+
+* "added #available_locales (returns an array of locales for which translations are available)":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/411f8fe7c8f3f89e9b6b921fa62ed66cb92f3af4
+* "flatten load_path before using it so that a nested array of paths won't throw up":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/d473a068a2b90aba98135deb225d6eb6d8104d70
+
+h2. 0.1.1 (2008-11-20)
+
+* "Use :'en' as a default locale (in favor of :'en-US')":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/c4b10b246aecf7da78cb2568dd0d2ab7e6b8a230
+* "Add #reload! to Simple backend":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/36dd2bd9973b9e1559728749a9daafa44693e964
+
+h2. 0.1.0 (2008-10-25)
+
+* "Fix Simple backend to distinguish false from nil values":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/39d9a47da14b5f3ba126af48923af8c30e135166
+* "Add #load_path to public api, add initialize to simple backend and remove #load_translations from public api":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/c4c5649e6bc8f020f1aaf5a5470bde048e22c82d
+* "Speed up Backend::Simple#interpolate":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/9e1ac6bf8833304e036323ec9932b9f33c468a35
+* "Remove #populate and #store_translations from public API":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/f4e514a80be7feb509f66824ee311905e2940900
+* "Use :other instead of :many as a plural key":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/0f8f20a2552bf6a2aa758d8fdd62a7154e4a1bf6
+* "Use a class instead of a module for Simple backend":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/08f051aa61320c17debde24a83268bc74e33b995
+* "Make Simple backend #interpolate deal with non-ASCII string encodings":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/d84a3f3f55543c084d5dc5d1fed613b8df148789
+* "Fix default arrays of non-existant keys returning the default array":http://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/commit/6c04ca86c87f97dc78f07c2a4023644e5ba8b839
+
+h2. Initial implementation (June/July 2008)
+
+Initial implementation by "Sven Fuchs":http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/9963-sven-fuchs based on previous discussion/consensus of the rails-i18n team (alphabetical order) and many others:
+
+* "Matt Aimonetti":http://railsontherun.com
+* "Sven Fuchs":http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/9963-sven-fuchs
+* "Joshua Harvey":http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/759-joshua-harvey
+* "Saimon Moore":http://saimonmoore.net
+* "Stephan Soller":http://www.arkanis-development.de
+
+h2. More information
+
+* "Homepage":http://rails-i18n.org
+* "Wiki":http://rails-i18n.org/wiki
+* "Mailinglist":http://groups.google.com/group/rails-i18n
+* "About the project/history":http://www.artweb-design.de/2008/7/18/finally-ruby-on-rails-gets-internationalized
+* "Initial API Intro":http://www.artweb-design.de/2008/7/18/the-ruby-on-rails-i18n-core-api

data/MIT-LICENSE

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+Copyright (c) 2008 The Ruby I18n team
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.textile

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+h1. Ruby I18n
+
+Ruby Internationalization and localization solution.
+
+Features:
+
+* translation and localization
+* interpolation of values to translations (Ruby 1.9 compatible syntax)
+* pluralization (CLDR compatible)
+* flexible defaults
+* bulk lookup
+* lambdas as translation data
+* custom key/scope separator
+* custom exception handlers
+* extensible architecture with a swappable backend
+
+Experimental, pluggable features:
+
+* lambda pluralizers stored as translation data
+* RFC4647 compliant locale fallbacks (with optional RFC4646 locale validation)
+* backend cache
+
+For more information and lots of resources see: "http://rails-i18n.org/wiki":http://rails-i18n.org/wiki
+
+h2. Install
+
+gem install i18n
+
+h2. Authors
+
+* "Sven Fuchs":http://www.artweb-design.de
+* "Joshua Harvey":http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/759-joshua-harvey
+* "Stephan Soller":http://www.arkanis-development.de
+* "Saimon Moore":http://saimonmoore.net
+* "Matt Aimonetti":http://railsontherun.com
+
+h2. License
+
+MIT License. See the included MIT-LICENCE file.
+
+
+

data/Rakefile

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+task :default => [:test]
+
+task :test do
+  ruby "test/all.rb"
+end
+
+begin
+  require 'jeweler'
+  Jeweler::Tasks.new do |s|
+    s.name = "i18n"
+    s.rubyforge_project = "i18n"
+    s.summary = "New wave Internationalization support for Ruby"
+    s.email = "rails-i18n@googlegroups.com"
+    s.homepage = "http://rails-i18n.org"
+    s.description = "Add Internationalization support to your Ruby application."
+    s.authors = ['Sven Fuchs', 'Joshua Harvey', 'Matt Aimonetti', 'Stephan Soller', 'Saimon Moore']
+    s.files =  FileList["[A-Z]*", "{lib,test}/**/*"]
+  end
+rescue LoadError
+  puts "Jeweler, or one of its dependencies, is not available. Install it with: sudo gem install technicalpickles-jeweler -s http://gems.github.com"
+end

data/VERSION

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+0.2.1

data/lib/i18n.rb

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+# encoding: utf-8
+
+# Authors::   Matt Aimonetti (http://railsontherun.com/),
+#             Sven Fuchs (http://www.artweb-design.de),
+#             Joshua Harvey (http://www.workingwithrails.com/person/759-joshua-harvey),
+#             Saimon Moore (http://saimonmoore.net),
+#             Stephan Soller (http://www.arkanis-development.de/)
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2008 The Ruby i18n Team
+# License::   MIT
+require 'i18n/backend/simple'
+require 'i18n/exceptions'
+require 'i18n/string'
+
+module I18n
+  @@backend = nil
+  @@load_path = nil
+  @@default_locale = :en
+  @@default_separator = '.'
+  @@exception_handler = :default_exception_handler
+
+  class << self
+    # Returns the current backend. Defaults to +Backend::Simple+.
+    def backend
+      @@backend ||= Backend::Simple.new
+    end
+
+    # Sets the current backend. Used to set a custom backend.
+    def backend=(backend)
+      @@backend = backend
+    end
+
+    # Returns the current default locale. Defaults to :'en'
+    def default_locale
+      @@default_locale
+    end
+
+    # Sets the current default locale. Used to set a custom default locale.
+    def default_locale=(locale)
+      @@default_locale = locale.to_sym rescue nil
+    end
+
+    # Returns the current locale. Defaults to I18n.default_locale.
+    def locale
+      Thread.current[:locale] ||= default_locale
+    end
+
+    # Sets the current locale pseudo-globally, i.e. in the Thread.current hash.
+    def locale=(locale)
+      Thread.current[:locale] = locale.to_sym rescue nil
+    end
+
+    # Returns an array of locales for which translations are available.
+    # Unless you explicitely set the these through I18n.available_locales=
+    # the call will be delegated to the backend and memoized on the I18n module.
+    def available_locales
+      @@available_locales ||= backend.available_locales
+    end
+
+    # Sets the available locales.
+    def available_locales=(locales)
+      @@available_locales = locales
+    end
+
+    # Returns the current default scope separator. Defaults to '.'
+    def default_separator
+      @@default_separator
+    end
+
+    # Sets the current default scope separator.
+    def default_separator=(separator)
+      @@default_separator = separator
+    end
+
+    # Sets the exception handler.
+    def exception_handler=(exception_handler)
+      @@exception_handler = exception_handler
+    end
+
+    # Allow clients to register paths providing translation data sources. The
+    # backend defines acceptable sources.
+    #
+    # E.g. the provided SimpleBackend accepts a list of paths to translation
+    # files which are either named *.rb and contain plain Ruby Hashes or are
+    # named *.yml and contain YAML data. So for the SimpleBackend clients may
+    # register translation files like this:
+    #   I18n.load_path << 'path/to/locale/en.yml'
+    def load_path
+      @@load_path ||= []
+    end
+
+    # Sets the load path instance. Custom implementations are expected to
+    # behave like a Ruby Array.
+    def load_path=(load_path)
+      @@load_path = load_path
+    end
+
+    # Tells the backend to reload translations. Used in situations like the
+    # Rails development environment. Backends can implement whatever strategy
+    # is useful.
+    def reload!
+      backend.reload!
+    end
+
+    # Translates, pluralizes and interpolates a given key using a given locale,
+    # scope, and default, as well as interpolation values.
+    #
+    # *LOOKUP*
+    #
+    # Translation data is organized as a nested hash using the upper-level keys
+    # as namespaces. <em>E.g.</em>, ActionView ships with the translation:
+    # <tt>:date => {:formats => {:short => "%b %d"}}</tt>.
+    #
+    # Translations can be looked up at any level of this hash using the key argument
+    # and the scope option. <em>E.g.</em>, in this example <tt>I18n.t :date</tt>
+    # returns the whole translations hash <tt>{:formats => {:short => "%b %d"}}</tt>.
+    #
+    # Key can be either a single key or a dot-separated key (both Strings and Symbols
+    # work). <em>E.g.</em>, the short format can be looked up using both:
+    #   I18n.t 'date.formats.short'
+    #   I18n.t :'date.formats.short'
+    #
+    # Scope can be either a single key, a dot-separated key or an array of keys
+    # or dot-separated keys. Keys and scopes can be combined freely. So these
+    # examples will all look up the same short date format:
+    #   I18n.t 'date.formats.short'
+    #   I18n.t 'formats.short', :scope => 'date'
+    #   I18n.t 'short', :scope => 'date.formats'
+    #   I18n.t 'short', :scope => %w(date formats)
+    #
+    # *INTERPOLATION*
+    #
+    # Translations can contain interpolation variables which will be replaced by
+    # values passed to #translate as part of the options hash, with the keys matching
+    # the interpolation variable names.
+    #
+    # <em>E.g.</em>, with a translation <tt>:foo => "foo {{bar}}"</tt> the option
+    # value for the key +bar+ will be interpolated into the translation:
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :bar => 'baz' # => 'foo baz'
+    #
+    # *PLURALIZATION*
+    #
+    # Translation data can contain pluralized translations. Pluralized translations
+    # are arrays of singluar/plural versions of translations like <tt>['Foo', 'Foos']</tt>.
+    #
+    # Note that <tt>I18n::Backend::Simple</tt> only supports an algorithm for English
+    # pluralization rules. Other algorithms can be supported by custom backends.
+    #
+    # This returns the singular version of a pluralized translation:
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :count => 1 # => 'Foo'
+    #
+    # These both return the plural version of a pluralized translation:
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :count => 0 # => 'Foos'
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :count => 2 # => 'Foos'
+    #
+    # The <tt>:count</tt> option can be used both for pluralization and interpolation.
+    # <em>E.g.</em>, with the translation
+    # <tt>:foo => ['{{count}} foo', '{{count}} foos']</tt>, count will
+    # be interpolated to the pluralized translation:
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :count => 1 # => '1 foo'
+    #
+    # *DEFAULTS*
+    #
+    # This returns the translation for <tt>:foo</tt> or <tt>default</tt> if no translation was found:
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :default => 'default'
+    #
+    # This returns the translation for <tt>:foo</tt> or the translation for <tt>:bar</tt> if no
+    # translation for <tt>:foo</tt> was found:
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :default => :bar
+    #
+    # Returns the translation for <tt>:foo</tt> or the translation for <tt>:bar</tt>
+    # or <tt>default</tt> if no translations for <tt>:foo</tt> and <tt>:bar</tt> were found.
+    #   I18n.t :foo, :default => [:bar, 'default']
+    #
+    # *BULK LOOKUP*
+    #
+    # This returns an array with the translations for <tt>:foo</tt> and <tt>:bar</tt>.
+    #   I18n.t [:foo, :bar]
+    #
+    # Can be used with dot-separated nested keys:
+    #   I18n.t [:'baz.foo', :'baz.bar']
+    #
+    # Which is the same as using a scope option:
+    #   I18n.t [:foo, :bar], :scope => :baz
+    #
+    # *LAMBDAS*
+    #
+    # Both translations and defaults can be given as Ruby lambdas. Lambdas will be
+    # called and passed the key and options.
+    #
+    # E.g. assuming the key <tt>:salutation</tt> resolves to:
+    #   lambda { |key, options| options[:gender] == 'm' ? "Mr. {{options[:name]}}" : "Mrs. {{options[:name]}}" }
+    #
+    # Then <tt>I18n.t(:salutation, :gender => 'w', :name => 'Smith') will result in "Mrs. Smith".
+    #
+    # It is recommended to use/implement lambdas in an "idempotent" way. E.g. when
+    # a cache layer is put in front of I18n.translate it will generate a cache key
+    # from the argument values passed to #translate. Therefor your lambdas should
+    # always return the same translations/values per unique combination of argument
+    # values.
+    def translate(*args)
+      options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}
+      key     = args.shift
+      locale  = options.delete(:locale) || I18n.locale
+      backend.translate(locale, key, options)
+    rescue I18n::ArgumentError => exception
+      raise exception if options[:raise]
+      handle_exception(exception, locale, key, options)
+    end
+    alias :t :translate
+
+    def translate!(key, options = {})
+      translate(key, options.merge( :raise => true ))
+    end
+    alias :t! :translate!
+
+    # Localizes certain objects, such as dates and numbers to local formatting.
+    def localize(object, options = {})
+      locale = options[:locale] || I18n.locale
+      format = options[:format] || :default
+      backend.localize(locale, object, format)
+    end
+    alias :l :localize
+
+  protected
+
+    # Handles exceptions raised in the backend. All exceptions except for
+    # MissingTranslationData exceptions are re-raised. When a MissingTranslationData
+    # was caught and the option :raise is not set the handler returns an error
+    # message string containing the key/scope.
+    def default_exception_handler(exception, locale, key, options)
+      return exception.message if MissingTranslationData === exception
+      raise exception
+    end
+
+    # Any exceptions thrown in translate will be sent to the @@exception_handler
+    # which can be a Symbol, a Proc or any other Object.
+    #
+    # If exception_handler is a Symbol then it will simply be sent to I18n as
+    # a method call. A Proc will simply be called. In any other case the
+    # method #call will be called on the exception_handler object.
+    #
+    # Examples:
+    #
+    #   I18n.exception_handler = :default_exception_handler             # this is the default
+    #   I18n.default_exception_handler(exception, locale, key, options) # will be called like this
+    #
+    #   I18n.exception_handler = lambda { |*args| ... }                 # a lambda
+    #   I18n.exception_handler.call(exception, locale, key, options)    # will be called like this
+    #
+    #  I18n.exception_handler = I18nExceptionHandler.new                # an object
+    #  I18n.exception_handler.call(exception, locale, key, options)     # will be called like this
+    def handle_exception(exception, locale, key, options)
+      case @@exception_handler
+      when Symbol
+        send(@@exception_handler, exception, locale, key, options)
+      else
+        @@exception_handler.call(exception, locale, key, options)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Merges the given locale, key and scope into a single array of keys.
+    # Splits keys that contain dots into multiple keys. Makes sure all
+    # keys are Symbols.
+    def normalize_translation_keys(locale, key, scope, separator = nil)
+      keys = [locale] + Array(scope) + Array(key)
+      keys = keys.map { |k| k.to_s.split(separator || I18n.default_separator) }
+      keys.flatten.map { |k| k.to_sym }
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/i18n/backend/base.rb

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+# encoding: utf-8
+
+require 'yaml'
+
+module I18n
+  module Backend
+    class Base
+      RESERVED_KEYS = [:scope, :default, :separator]
+      INTERPOLATION_SYNTAX_PATTERN = /(\\)?\{\{([^\}]+)\}\}/
+
+      # Accepts a list of paths to translation files. Loads translations from
+      # plain Ruby (*.rb) or YAML files (*.yml). See #load_rb and #load_yml
+      # for details.
+      def load_translations(*filenames)
+        filenames.each { |filename| load_file(filename) }
+      end
+
+      # Stores translations for the given locale in memory.
+      # This uses a deep merge for the translations hash, so existing
+      # translations will be overwritten by new ones only at the deepest
+      # level of the hash.
+      def store_translations(locale, data)
+        merge_translations(locale, data)
+      end
+
+      def translate(locale, key, options = {})
+        raise InvalidLocale.new(locale) if locale.nil?
+        return key.map { |k| translate(locale, k, options) } if key.is_a?(Array)
+
+        count, scope, default, separator = options.values_at(:count, *RESERVED_KEYS)
+        values = options.reject { |name, value| RESERVED_KEYS.include?(name) }
+
+        entry = lookup(locale, key, scope, separator)
+        entry = entry.nil? ? default(locale, key, default, options) : resolve(locale, key, entry, options)
+
+        raise(I18n::MissingTranslationData.new(locale, key, options)) if entry.nil?
+        entry = pluralize(locale, entry, count)
+        entry = interpolate(locale, entry, values)
+        entry
+      end
+
+      # Acts the same as +strftime+, but uses a localized version of the
+      # format string. Takes a key from the date/time formats translations as
+      # a format argument (<em>e.g.</em>, <tt>:short</tt> in <tt>:'date.formats'</tt>).
+      def localize(locale, object, format = :default, options = {})
+        raise ArgumentError, "Object must be a Date, DateTime or Time object. #{object.inspect} given." unless object.respond_to?(:strftime)
+
+        if Symbol === format
+          key = format
+          type = object.respond_to?(:sec) ? 'time' : 'date'
+          format = lookup(locale, :"#{type}.formats.#{key}")
+          raise(MissingTranslationData.new(locale, key, options)) if format.nil?
+        end
+
+        format = resolve(locale, object, format, options)
+        format = format.to_s.gsub(/%[aAbBp]/) do |match|
+          case match
+          when '%a' then I18n.t(:"date.abbr_day_names",                  :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.wday]
+          when '%A' then I18n.t(:"date.day_names",                       :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.wday]
+          when '%b' then I18n.t(:"date.abbr_month_names",                :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.mon]
+          when '%B' then I18n.t(:"date.month_names",                     :locale => locale, :format => format)[object.mon]
+          when '%p' then I18n.t(:"time.#{object.hour < 12 ? :am : :pm}", :locale => locale, :format => format) if object.respond_to? :hour
+          end
+        end
+
+        object.strftime(format)
+      end
+
+      def initialized?
+        @initialized ||= false
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of locales for which translations are available
+      # ignoring the reserved translation meta data key :i18n.
+      def available_locales
+        init_translations unless initialized?
+        translations.inject([]) do |locales, (locale, data)|
+          locales << locale unless (data.keys - [:i18n]).empty?
+          locales
+        end
+      end
+
+      def reload!
+        @initialized = false
+        @translations = nil
+      end
+
+      protected
+        def init_translations
+          load_translations(*I18n.load_path.flatten)
+          @initialized = true
+        end
+
+        def translations
+          @translations ||= {}
+        end
+
+        # Looks up a translation from the translations hash. Returns nil if
+        # eiher key is nil, or locale, scope or key do not exist as a key in the
+        # nested translations hash. Splits keys or scopes containing dots
+        # into multiple keys, i.e. <tt>currency.format</tt> is regarded the same as
+        # <tt>%w(currency format)</tt>.
+        def lookup(locale, key, scope = [], separator = nil)
+          return unless key
+          init_translations unless initialized?
+          keys = I18n.send(:normalize_translation_keys, locale, key, scope, separator)
+          keys.inject(translations) do |result, key|
+            key = key.to_sym
+            if result.respond_to?(:has_key?) and result.has_key?(key)
+              result[key]
+            else
+              return nil
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Evaluates defaults.
+        # If given subject is an Array, it walks the array and returns the
+        # first translation that can be resolved. Otherwise it tries to resolve
+        # the translation directly.
+        def default(locale, object, subject, options = {})
+          options = options.dup.reject { |key, value| key == :default }
+          case subject
+          when Array
+            subject.each do |subject|
+              result = resolve(locale, object, subject, options) and return result
+            end and nil
+          else
+            resolve(locale, object, subject, options)
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Resolves a translation.
+        # If the given subject is a Symbol, it will be translated with the
+        # given options. If it is a Proc then it will be evaluated. All other
+        # subjects will be returned directly.
+        def resolve(locale, object, subject, options = {})
+          case subject
+          when Symbol
+            translate(locale, subject, options)
+          when Proc
+            resolve(locale, object, subject.call(object, options), options = {})
+          else
+            subject
+          end
+        rescue MissingTranslationData
+          nil
+        end
+
+        # Picks a translation from an array according to English pluralization
+        # rules. It will pick the first translation if count is not equal to 1
+        # and the second translation if it is equal to 1. Other backends can
+        # implement more flexible or complex pluralization rules.
+        def pluralize(locale, entry, count)
+          return entry unless entry.is_a?(Hash) and count
+
+          key = :zero if count == 0 && entry.has_key?(:zero)
+          key ||= count == 1 ? :one : :other
+          raise InvalidPluralizationData.new(entry, count) unless entry.has_key?(key)
+          entry[key]
+        end
+
+        # Interpolates values into a given string.
+        #
+        #   interpolate "file {{file}} opened by \\{{user}}", :file => 'test.txt', :user => 'Mr. X'
+        #   # => "file test.txt opened by {{user}}"
+        #
+        # Note that you have to double escape the <tt>\\</tt> when you want to escape
+        # the <tt>{{...}}</tt> key in a string (once for the string and once for the
+        # interpolation).
+        def interpolate(locale, string, values = {})
+          return string unless string.is_a?(String) && !values.empty?
+
+          s = string.gsub(INTERPOLATION_SYNTAX_PATTERN) do
+            escaped, key = $1, $2.to_sym
+            if escaped
+              "{{#{key}}}"
+            elsif RESERVED_KEYS.include?(key)
+              raise ReservedInterpolationKey.new(key, string)
+            else
+              "%{#{key}}"
+            end
+          end
+          values.each { |key, value| values[key] = value.call if interpolate_lambda?(value, s, key) }
+          s % values
+
+        rescue KeyError => e
+          raise MissingInterpolationArgument.new(values, string)
+        end
+
+        # returns true when the given value responds to :call and the key is
+        # an interpolation placeholder in the given string
+        def interpolate_lambda?(object, string, key)
+          object.respond_to?(:call) && string =~ /%\{#{key}\}|%\<#{key}>.*?\d*\.?\d*[bBdiouxXeEfgGcps]\}/
+        end
+
+        # Loads a single translations file by delegating to #load_rb or
+        # #load_yml depending on the file extension and directly merges the
+        # data to the existing translations. Raises I18n::UnknownFileType
+        # for all other file extensions.
+        def load_file(filename)
+          type = File.extname(filename).tr('.', '').downcase
+          raise UnknownFileType.new(type, filename) unless respond_to?(:"load_#{type}")
+          data = send :"load_#{type}", filename # TODO raise a meaningful exception if this does not yield a Hash
+          data.each { |locale, d| merge_translations(locale, d) }
+        end
+
+        # Loads a plain Ruby translations file. eval'ing the file must yield
+        # a Hash containing translation data with locales as toplevel keys.
+        def load_rb(filename)
+          eval(IO.read(filename), binding, filename)
+        end
+
+        # Loads a YAML translations file. The data must have locales as
+        # toplevel keys.
+        def load_yml(filename)
+          YAML::load(IO.read(filename))
+        end
+
+        # Deep merges the given translations hash with the existing translations
+        # for the given locale
+        def merge_translations(locale, data)
+          locale = locale.to_sym
+          translations[locale] ||= {}
+          data = deep_symbolize_keys(data)
+
+          # deep_merge by Stefan Rusterholz, see http://www.ruby-forum.com/topic/142809
+          merger = proc { |key, v1, v2| Hash === v1 && Hash === v2 ? v1.merge(v2, &merger) : v2 }
+          translations[locale].merge!(data, &merger)
+        end
+
+        # Return a new hash with all keys and nested keys converted to symbols.
+        def deep_symbolize_keys(hash)
+          hash.inject({}) { |result, (key, value)|
+            value = deep_symbolize_keys(value) if value.is_a?(Hash)
+            result[(key.to_sym rescue key) || key] = value
+            result
+          }
+        end
+
+        # Flatten the given array once
+        def flatten_once(array)
+          result = []
+          for element in array # a little faster than each
+            result.push(*element)
+          end
+          result
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end