pedump 0.5.2 → 0.6.2

data/lib/pedump/loader.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,15 @@ class PEdump::Loader
 
   # shortcuts
   alias :pe :pe_hdr
-  def ep; @pe_hdr.ioh.AddressOfEntryPoint; end
+
+  def ep
+    if @pe_hdr
+      @pe_hdr.try(:ioh).try(:AddressOfEntryPoint)
+    elsif @te_hdr
+      @te_hdr.AddressOfEntryPoint - @delta
+    end
+  end
+
   def ep= v; @pe_hdr.ioh.AddressOfEntryPoint=v; end
 
   ########################################################################
@@ -23,12 +31,24 @@ class PEdump::Loader
   ########################################################################
 
   def initialize io = nil, params = {}
+    # @delta is for EFI TE loading, based on https://github.com/gdbinit/TELoader/blob/master/teloader.cpp
+    @delta = 0
     @pedump = PEdump.new(io, params)
     if io
       @mz_hdr     = @pedump.mz
       @dos_stub   = @pedump.dos_stub
       @pe_hdr     = @pedump.pe
-      @image_base = params[:image_base] || @pe_hdr.try(:ioh).try(:ImageBase) || 0
+      @te_hdr     = @pedump.te
+
+      @image_base = params[:image_base]
+      if @pe_hdr
+        @image_base ||= @pe_hdr.try(:ioh).try(:ImageBase)
+      elsif @te_hdr
+        @image_base ||= @te_hdr.ImageBase
+        @delta = @pedump.te_shift
+      end
+      @image_base ||= 0
+
       load_sections @pedump.sections, io
     end
     @find_limit = params[:find_limit] || DEFAULT_FIND_LIMIT
@@ -38,7 +58,7 @@ class PEdump::Loader
     if section_hdrs.is_a?(Array)
       @sections = section_hdrs.map do |x|
         raise "unknown section hdr: #{x.inspect}" unless x.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)
-        Section.new(x, :deferred_load_io => f, :image_base => @image_base )
+        Section.new(x, :deferred_load_io => f, :image_base => @image_base, :delta => @delta )
       end
       if f.respond_to?(:seek) && f.respond_to?(:read)
         #
@@ -249,10 +269,12 @@ class PEdump::Loader
   def names
     return @names if @names
     @names = {}
-    if oep = @pe_hdr.try(:ioh).try(:AddressOfEntryPoint)
-      oep += @image_base
-      @names[oep] = 'start'
+
+    oep = ep()
+    if oep
+      @names[oep + @image_base] = 'start'
     end
+
     _parse_imports
     _parse_exports
     #TODO: debug info

data/lib/pedump/loader/minidump.rb

@@ -110,7 +110,34 @@ class PEdump
         16 => :MemoryInfoListStream,         # MINIDUMP_MEMORY_INFO_LIST
         17 => :ThreadInfoListStream,
         18 => :HandleOperationListStream,
-    0xffff => :LastReservedStream
+    0xffff => :LastReservedStream,
+
+    # Special types saved by google breakpad
+    # https://chromium.googlesource.com/breakpad/breakpad/+/846b6335c5b0ba46dfa2ed96fccfa3f7a02fa2f1/src/google_breakpad/common/minidump_format.h#311
+    0x47670001 => :BreakpadInfoStream,
+    0x47670002 => :BreakpadAssertionInfoStream,
+    0x47670003 => :BreakpadLinuxCpuInfo,
+    0x47670004 => :BreakpadLinuxProcStatus,
+    0x47670005 => :BreakpadLinuxLsbRelease,
+    0x47670006 => :BreakpadLinuxCmdLine,
+    0x47670007 => :BreakpadLinuxEnviron,
+    0x47670008 => :BreakpadLinuxAuxv,
+    0x47670009 => :BreakpadLinuxMaps,
+    0x4767000A => :BreakpadLinuxDsoDebug,
+
+    # Saved by crashpad
+    # https://chromium.googlesource.com/crashpad/crashpad/+/doc/minidump/minidump_extensions.h#95
+    0x43500001 => :CrashpadInfo,
+
+    # Saved by Syzyasan
+    # https://github.com/google/syzygy/blob/c8bb4927f07fec0de8834c4774ddaafef0bc099f/syzygy/kasko/api/client.h#L28
+    # https://github.com/google/syzygy/blob/master/syzygy/crashdata/crashdata.proto
+    0x4B6B0001 => :SyzyasanCrashdata,
+
+    # Saved by Chromium
+    0x4B6B0002 => :ChromiumStabilityReport,
+    0x4B6B0003 => :ChromiumSystemProfile,
+    0x4B6B0004 => :ChromiumGwpAsanData,
   }
 
   class Loader
@@ -134,9 +161,16 @@ class PEdump
           end
       end
 
+      def stream_by_name(name)
+        type = MINIDUMP_STREAM_TYPE.invert[name]
+        raise "Unknown type symbol #{name}!" if !type
+
+        streams.find { |s| s.StreamType == type }
+      end
+
       def memory_info_list
         # MINIDUMP_MEMORY_INFO_LIST
-        stream = streams.find{ |s| s.StreamType == 16 }
+        stream = stream_by_name(:MemoryInfoListStream)
         return nil unless stream
         io.seek stream.Location.Rva
         MINIDUMP_MEMORY_INFO_LIST.read io
@@ -144,7 +178,7 @@ class PEdump
 
       def memory_list
         # MINIDUMP_MEMORY_LIST
-        stream = streams.find{ |s| s.StreamType == 5 }
+        stream = stream_by_name(:MemoryListStream)
         return nil unless stream
         io.seek stream.Location.Rva
         MINIDUMP_MEMORY_LIST.read io
@@ -152,7 +186,7 @@ class PEdump
 
       def memory64_list
         # MINIDUMP_MEMORY64_LIST
-        stream = streams.find{ |s| s.StreamType == 9 }
+        stream = stream_by_name(:Memory64ListStream)
         return nil unless stream
         io.seek stream.Location.Rva
         MINIDUMP_MEMORY64_LIST.read io
@@ -216,21 +250,102 @@ end # module PEdump
 
 if $0 == __FILE__
   require 'pp'
+  require 'optparse'
+
+  options = {}
+  opt_parse = OptionParser.new do |opts|
+    opts.banner = "Usage: #{$0} [options] <minidump>"
+
+    opts.on("--all", "Print all of the following sections") do
+      options[:all] = true
+    end
+    opts.on("--header", "Print minidump header") do
+      options[:header] = true
+    end
+    opts.on("--streams", "Print out the streams present") do
+      options[:streams] = true
+    end
+    opts.on("--memory-ranges", "Print out memory ranges included in the minidump") do
+      options[:memory_ranges] = true
+    end
+    opts.on("--breakpad", "Print out breakpad text sections if present") do
+      options[:breakpad] = true
+    end
+    opts.separator ''
+
+    opts.on("--memory <address>", "Print the memory range beginning at address") do |m|
+      options[:memory] = m.hex
+    end
+    opts.separator ''
+
+    opts.on("-h", "--help", "Help") do
+      puts opts
+      exit 0
+    end
+  end
+
+  opt_parse.parse!
 
-  raise "gimme a fname" if ARGV.empty?
-  io = open(ARGV.first,"rb")
+  if ARGV.empty?
+    $stderr.puts opt_parse.help
+    exit 1
+  end
 
+  io = open(ARGV.first, "rb")
   md = PEdump::Loader::Minidump.new io
-  pp md.hdr
-  puts
-  puts "[.] #{md.memory_ranges.size} memory ranges"
-  puts "[.] #{md.memory_ranges(:merge => true).size} merged memory ranges"
-  puts
 
-#  pp md.memory_info_list
-#  pp md.memory_list
+  if options[:all] || options[:header]
+    pp md.hdr
+    puts
+  end
+
+  if options[:all] || options[:streams]
+    puts "[.] Streams present in the minidump:"
+    md.streams.each do |s|
+      if PEdump::MINIDUMP_STREAM_TYPE[s.StreamType]
+        puts "[.] #{PEdump::MINIDUMP_STREAM_TYPE[s.StreamType]}"
+      else
+        puts "[.] Unknown stream type #{s.StreamType}"
+      end
+    end
+    puts
+  end
+
+  if options[:all] || options[:breakpad]
+    [ :BreakpadLinuxCpuInfo, :BreakpadLinuxProcStatus, :BreakpadLinuxMaps,
+      :BreakpadLinuxCmdLine, :BreakpadLinuxEnviron ].each { |name|
+      stream = md.stream_by_name(name)
+      next if !stream
+
+      io.seek stream.Location.Rva
+      contents = io.read(stream.Location.DataSize)
+
+      if contents !~ /[^[:print:][:space:]]/
+        puts "[.] Section #{name}:"
+        puts contents
+      else
+        puts "[.] Section #{name}: #{contents.inspect}"
+      end
+      puts
+    }
+  end
+
+  if options[:all] || options[:memory_ranges]
+    puts "[.] #{md.memory_ranges.size} memory ranges"
+    puts "[.] #{md.memory_ranges(:merge => true).size} merged memory ranges"
+    puts
+
+    printf "[.] %16s %8s\n", "addr", "size"
+    md.memory_ranges(:merge => true).sort_by { |mr| mr.va }.each do |mr|
+      printf "[.] %16x %8x\n", mr.va, mr.size
+    end
+  end
+
+  if options[:memory]
+    mr = md.memory_ranges(:merge => true).find { |r| r.va == options[:memory] }
+    raise "Could not find the specified region" if !mr
 
-  md.memory_ranges(:merge => true).each do |mr|
-    printf "[.] %8x %8x %8x\n", mr.file_offset, mr.va, mr.size
+    io.seek(mr.file_offset)
+    print io.read(mr.size)
   end
 end

data/lib/pedump/loader/section.rb

@@ -10,15 +10,16 @@ class PEdump::Loader
         @hdr = x.dup
       end
       @data = EMPTY_DATA.dup
+      @delta = args[:delta] || 0
       @deferred_load_io   = args[:deferred_load_io]
-      @deferred_load_pos  = args[:deferred_load_pos]  || (@hdr && @hdr.PointerToRawData)
+      @deferred_load_pos  = args[:deferred_load_pos]  || (@hdr && (@hdr.PointerToRawData - @delta))
       @deferred_load_size = args[:deferred_load_size] || (@hdr && @hdr.SizeOfRawData)
       @image_base = args[:image_base] || 0
     end
 
     def name;  @hdr.Name; end
-    def va  ;  @hdr.VirtualAddress + @image_base; end
-    def rva ;  @hdr.VirtualAddress; end
+    def va  ;  @hdr.VirtualAddress + @image_base - @delta; end
+    def rva ;  @hdr.VirtualAddress - @delta; end
     def vsize; @hdr.VirtualSize; end
     def flags; @hdr.Characteristics; end
     def flags= f; @hdr.Characteristics= f; end
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ class PEdump::Loader
         @data.size > 0 ? @data.size.to_s(16) : (@deferred_load_io ? "<defer>" : 0)
       ]
       r << (" dlpos=%8x" % @deferred_load_pos) if @deferred_load_pos
+      r << (" delta=%3x" % @delta) if @delta != 0
       r << ">"
     end
   end

data/lib/pedump/ne.rb

@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ class PEdump
       begin
         ne_offset = mz(f) && mz(f).lfanew
         if ne_offset.nil?
-          logger.fatal "[!] NULL NE offset (e_lfanew)."
+          logger.debug "[!] NULL NE offset (e_lfanew)."
           nil
         elsif ne_offset > f.size
           logger.fatal "[!] NE offset beyond EOF."

data/lib/pedump/pe.rb

@@ -24,78 +24,87 @@ class PEdump
       signature + ifh.pack + ioh.pack
     end
 
-    def self.read f, args = {}
+    def self.read_sections f, nToRead, args = {}
       force = args[:force]
 
+      if nToRead > 0xffff
+        if force.is_a?(Numeric) && force > 1
+          PEdump.logger.warn "[!] too many sections (#{nToRead}). forced. reading all"
+        else
+          PEdump.logger.warn "[!] too many sections (#{nToRead}). not forced, reading first 65535"
+          nToRead = 65535
+        end
+      end
+
+      sections = []
+      nToRead.times do
+        break if f.eof?
+        sections << IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER.read(f)
+      end
+
+      if sections.any?
+        # zero all missing values of last section
+        sections.last.tap do |last_section|
+          last_section.each_pair do |k,v|
+            last_section[k] = 0 if v.nil?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      sections
+    end
+
+    def self.read f, args = {}
       pe_offset = f.tell
       pe_sig = f.read 4
       #logger.error "[!] 'NE' format is not supported!" if pe_sig == "NE\x00\x00"
       if pe_sig != "PE\x00\x00"
-        if force
+        if args[:force]
           logger.warn  "[?] no PE signature (want: 'PE\\x00\\x00', got: #{pe_sig.inspect})"
         else
           logger.debug "[?] no PE signature (want: 'PE\\x00\\x00', got: #{pe_sig.inspect}). (not forced)"
           return nil
         end
       end
-      PE.new(pe_sig).tap do |pe|
-        pe.image_file_header = IMAGE_FILE_HEADER.read(f)
-        ioh_offset = f.tell # offset to IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER
-        if pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader.to_i > 0
-          if pe.x64?
-            pe.image_optional_header = IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64.read(f, pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader)
-          else
-            pe.image_optional_header = IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32.read(f, pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader)
-          end
+      pe = PE.new(pe_sig)
+      pe.image_file_header = IMAGE_FILE_HEADER.read(f)
+      ioh_offset = f.tell # offset to IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER
+      if pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader.to_i > 0
+        if pe.x64?
+          pe.image_optional_header = IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64.read(f, pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader)
+        else
+          pe.image_optional_header = IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32.read(f, pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader)
         end
+      end
 
-        if (nToRead=pe.ifh.NumberOfSections.to_i) > 0xffff
-          if force.is_a?(Numeric) && force > 1
-            logger.warn "[!] too many sections (#{pe.ifh.NumberOfSections}). forced. reading all"
-          else
-            logger.warn "[!] too many sections (#{pe.ifh.NumberOfSections}). not forced, reading first 65535"
-            nToRead = 65535
-          end
-        end
+      nToRead=pe.ifh.NumberOfSections.to_i
 
-        # The Windows loader expects to find the PE section headers after the optional header. It calculates the address of the first section header by adding SizeOfOptionalHeader to the beginning of the optional header.
-        # // http://www.phreedom.org/research/tinype/
-        f.seek( ioh_offset + pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader.to_i )
-        pe.sections = []
-        nToRead.times do
-          break if f.eof?
-          pe.sections << IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER.read(f)
-        end
+      # The Windows loader expects to find the PE section headers after the optional header. It calculates the address of the first section header by adding SizeOfOptionalHeader to the beginning of the optional header.
+      # // http://www.phreedom.org/research/tinype/
+      f.seek( ioh_offset + pe.ifh.SizeOfOptionalHeader.to_i )
+      pe.sections = read_sections(f, nToRead, args)
 
-        if pe.sections.any?
-          # zero all missing values of last section
-          pe.sections.last.tap do |last_section|
-            last_section.each_pair do |k,v|
-              last_section[k] = 0 if v.nil?
-            end
-          end
-        end
+      pe_end = f.tell
+      if s=pe.sections.find{ |s| (pe_offset...pe_end).include?(s.va) }
+        if args[:pass2]
+          # already called with CompositeIO ?
+          PEdump.logger.error "[!] section with va=0x#{s.va.to_s(16)} overwrites PE header! 2nd time?!"
 
-        pe_end = f.tell
-        if s=pe.sections.find{ |s| (pe_offset...pe_end).include?(s.va) }
-          if args[:pass2]
-            # already called with CompositeIO ?
-            logger.error "[!] section with va=0x#{s.va.to_s(16)} overwrites PE header! 2nd time?!"
-
-          elsif pe_end-pe_offset < 0x100_000
-            logger.warn "[!] section with va=0x#{s.va.to_s(16)} overwrites PE header! trying to rebuild..."
-            f.seek pe_offset
-            data = f.read(s.va-pe_offset)
-            f.seek s.PointerToRawData
-            io = CompositeIO.new(StringIO.new(data), f)
-            args1 = args.dup
-            args1[:pass2] = true
-            return PE.read(io, args1)
-          else
-            logger.error "[!] section with va=0x#{s.va.to_s(16)} overwrites PE header! too big to rebuild!"
-          end
+        elsif pe_end-pe_offset < 0x100_000
+          PEdump.logger.warn "[!] section with va=0x#{s.va.to_s(16)} overwrites PE header! trying to rebuild..."
+          f.seek pe_offset
+          data = f.read(s.va-pe_offset)
+          f.seek s.PointerToRawData
+          io = CompositeIO.new(StringIO.new(data), f)
+          args1 = args.dup
+          args1[:pass2] = true
+          return PE.read(io, args1)
+        else
+          PEdump.logger.error "[!] section with va=0x#{s.va.to_s(16)} overwrites PE header! too big to rebuild!"
         end
       end
+
+      pe
     end
 
     def self.logger; PEdump.logger; end
@@ -106,7 +115,7 @@ class PEdump
       begin
         pe_offset = mz(f) && mz(f).lfanew
         if pe_offset.nil?
-          logger.fatal "[!] NULL PE offset (e_lfanew). cannot continue."
+          logger.debug "[!] NULL PE offset (e_lfanew). cannot continue."
           nil
         elsif pe_offset > f.size
           logger.fatal "[!] PE offset beyond EOF. cannot continue."

data/lib/pedump/rich.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+class PEdump
+  # data from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dishather/richprint/master/comp_id.txt
+  RICH_IDS = {
+    0x00010000 => "[---] Unmarked objects",
+    0x00000000 => "[---] Unmarked objects (old)",
+    0x01047086 => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.6.2 build 28806",
+    0x01037086 => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.6.2 build 28806",
+    0x01057086 => "[C++] VS2019 v16.6.2 build 28806",
+    0x00ff7086 => "[RES] VS2019 v16.6.2 build 28806",
+    0x01027086 => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.6.2 build 28806",
+    0x01007086 => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.6.2 build 28806",
+    0x01017086 => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.6.2 build 28806",
+    0x01047085 => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.6.0 build 28805",
+    0x01037085 => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.6.0 build 28805",
+    0x01057085 => "[C++] VS2019 v16.6.0 build 28805",
+    0x00ff7085 => "[RES] VS2019 v16.6.0 build 28805",
+    0x01027085 => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.6.0 build 28805",
+    0x01007085 => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.6.0 build 28805",
+    0x01017085 => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.6.0 build 28805",
+    0x01046fc6 => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.5.5 build 28614",
+    0x01036fc6 => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.5.5 build 28614",
+    0x01056fc6 => "[C++] VS2019 v16.5.5 build 28614",
+    0x00ff6fc6 => "[RES] VS2019 v16.5.5 build 28614",
+    0x01026fc6 => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.5.5 build 28614",
+    0x01006fc6 => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.5.5 build 28614",
+    0x01016fc6 => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.5.5 build 28614",
+    0x01046fc4 => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.5.2 build 28612 (*)",
+    0x01036fc4 => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.5.2 build 28612 (*)",
+    0x01056fc4 => "[C++] VS2019 v16.5.2 build 28612 (*)",
+    0x00ff6fc4 => "[RES] VS2019 v16.5.2 build 28612 (*)",
+    0x01026fc4 => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.5.2 build 28612 (*)",
+    0x01016fc4 => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.5.2 build 28612 (*)",
+    0x01006fc4 => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.5.2 build 28612 (*)",
+    0x01046fc3 => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.5.1 build 28611 (*)",
+    0x01036fc3 => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.5.1 build 28611 (*)",
+    0x01056fc3 => "[C++] VS2019 v16.5.1 build 28611 (*)",
+    0x00ff6fc3 => "[RES] VS2019 v16.5.1 build 28611 (*)",
+    0x01026fc3 => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.5.1 build 28611 (*)",
+    0x01016fc3 => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.5.1 build 28611 (*)",
+    0x01006fc3 => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.5.1 build 28611 (*)",
+    0x01046fc2 => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.5.0 build 28610 (*)",
+    0x01036fc2 => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.5.0 build 28610 (*)",
+    0x01056fc2 => "[C++] VS2019 v16.5.0 build 28610 (*)",
+    0x00ff6fc2 => "[RES] VS2019 v16.5.0 build 28610 (*)",
+    0x01026fc2 => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.5.0 build 28610 (*)",
+    0x01016fc2 => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.5.0 build 28610 (*)",
+    0x01006fc2 => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.5.0 build 28610 (*)",
+    0x01046e9f => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.4.6 build 28319 (*)",
+    0x01036e9f => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.4.6 build 28319 (*)",
+    0x01056e9f => "[C++] VS2019 v16.4.6 build 28319 (*)",
+    0x00ff6e9f => "[RES] VS2019 v16.4.6 build 28319 (*)",
+    0x01026e9f => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.4.6 build 28319 (*)",
+    0x01006e9f => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.4.6 build 28319 (*)",
+    0x01016e9f => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.4.6 build 28319 (*)",
+    0x01046e9c => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.4.4 build 28316 (*)",
+    0x01036e9c => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.4.4 build 28316 (*)",
+    0x01056e9c => "[C++] VS2019 v16.4.4 build 28316 (*)",
+    0x00ff6e9c => "[RES] VS2019 v16.4.4 build 28316 (*)",
+    0x01026e9c => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.4.4 build 28316 (*)",
+    0x01006e9c => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.4.4 build 28316 (*)",
+    0x01016e9c => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.4.4 build 28316 (*)",
+    0x01046e9b => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.4.3 build 28315",
+    0x01036e9b => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.4.3 build 28315",
+    0x01056e9b => "[C++] VS2019 v16.4.3 build 28315",
+    0x00ff6e9b => "[RES] VS2019 v16.4.3 build 28315",
+    0x01026e9b => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.4.3 build 28315",
+    0x01006e9b => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.4.3 build 28315",
+    0x01016e9b => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.4.3 build 28315",
+    0x01046e9a => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.4.0 build 28314 (*)",
+    0x01036e9a => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.4.0 build 28314 (*)",
+    0x01056e9a => "[C++] VS2019 v16.4.0 build 28314 (*)",
+    0x00ff6e9a => "[RES] VS2019 v16.4.0 build 28314 (*)",
+    0x01026e9a => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.4.0 build 28314 (*)",
+    0x01016e9a => "[IMP] VS2019 v16.4.0 build 28314 (*)",
+    0x01006e9a => "[EXP] VS2019 v16.4.0 build 28314 (*)",
+    0x01046dc9 => "[ C ] VS2019 v16.3.2 build 28105 (*)",
+    0x01036dc9 => "[ASM] VS2019 v16.3.2 build 28105 (*)",
+    0x01056dc9 => "[C++] VS2019 v16.3.2 build 28105 (*)",
+    0x00ff6dc9 => "[RES] VS2019 v16.3.2 build 28105 (*)",
+    0x01026dc9 => "[LNK] VS2019 v16.3.2 build 28105 (*)",
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+  }
+end