pedump 0.4.0

data/lib/pedump/cli.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+require 'pedump'
+require 'pedump/packer'
+require 'optparse'
+
+unless Object.instance_methods.include?(:try)
+  class Object
+    def try(*x)
+      send(*x) if respond_to?(x.first)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class PEdump::CLI
+  attr_accessor :data, :argv
+
+  KNOWN_ACTIONS = (
+    %w'mz dos_stub rich pe data_directory sections' +
+    %w'strings resources resource_directory imports exports version_info packer web packer_only'
+  ).map(&:to_sym)
+
+  DEFAULT_ALL_ACTIONS = KNOWN_ACTIONS - %w'resource_directory web packer_only'.map(&:to_sym)
+
+  URL_BASE = "http://pedump.me"
+
+  def initialize argv = ARGV
+    @argv = argv
+  end
+
+  def run
+    @actions = []
+    @options = { :format => :table, :verbose => 0 }
+    optparser = OptionParser.new do |opts|
+      opts.banner = "Usage: pedump [options]"
+
+      opts.on "--version", "Print version information and exit" do
+        puts PEdump::VERSION
+        exit
+      end
+      opts.on "-v", "--verbose", "Run verbosely","(can be used multiple times)" do |v|
+        @options[:verbose] += 1
+      end
+      opts.on "-q", "--quiet", "Silent any warnings","(can be used multiple times)" do |v|
+        @options[:verbose] -= 1
+      end
+      opts.on "-F", "--force", "Try to dump by all means","(can cause exceptions & heavy wounds)" do |v|
+        @options[:force] ||= 0
+        @options[:force] += 1
+      end
+      opts.on "-f", "--format FORMAT", [:binary, :c, :dump, :hex, :inspect, :table],
+        "Output format: bin,c,dump,hex,inspect,table","(default: table)" do |v|
+        @options[:format] = v
+      end
+      KNOWN_ACTIONS.each do |t|
+        a = [
+          "--#{t.to_s.tr('_','-')}",
+          eval("lambda{ |_| @actions << :#{t.to_s.tr('-','_')} }")
+        ]
+        a.unshift(a[0][1,2].upcase) if a[0] =~ /--(((ex|im)port|section|resource)s|version-info)/
+        a.unshift(a[0][1,2]) if a[0] =~ /--strings/
+        opts.on *a
+      end
+
+      opts.on "--deep", "packer deep scan, significantly slower" do
+        @options[:deep] ||= 0
+        @options[:deep] += 1
+        PEdump::Packer.default_deep = @options[:deep]
+      end
+
+      opts.on '-P', "--packer-only", "packer/compiler detect only,","mimics 'file' command output" do
+        @actions << :packer_only
+      end
+
+      opts.on "--all", "Dump all but resource-directory (default)" do
+        @actions = DEFAULT_ALL_ACTIONS
+      end
+      opts.on "--va2file VA", "Convert RVA to file offset" do |va|
+        @actions << [:va2file,va]
+      end
+      opts.on "-W", "--web", "Uploads files to a #{URL_BASE}","for a nice HTML tables with image previews,","candies & stuff" do
+        @actions << :web
+      end
+    end
+
+    if (@argv = optparser.parse(@argv)).empty?
+      puts optparser.help
+      return
+    end
+
+    if (@actions-KNOWN_ACTIONS).any?{ |x| !x.is_a?(Array) }
+      puts "[?] unknown actions: #{@actions-KNOWN_ACTIONS}"
+      @actions.delete_if{ |x| !KNOWN_ACTIONS.include?(x) }
+    end
+    @actions = DEFAULT_ALL_ACTIONS if @actions.empty?
+
+    if @actions.include?(:packer_only)
+      raise "[!] can't mix --packer-only with other actions" if @actions.size > 1
+      dump_packer_only(argv)
+      return
+    end
+
+    argv.each_with_index do |fname,idx|
+      @need_fname_header = (argv.size > 1)
+      @file_idx  = idx
+      @file_name = fname
+
+      File.open(fname,'rb') do |f|
+        @pedump = create_pedump fname
+
+        next if !@options[:force] && !@pedump.mz(f)
+
+        @actions.each do |action|
+          if action == :web
+            upload f
+          else
+            dump_action action,f
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  rescue Errno::EPIPE
+    # output interrupt, f.ex. when piping output to a 'head' command
+    # prevents a 'Broken pipe - <STDOUT> (Errno::EPIPE)' message
+  end
+
+  def create_pedump fname
+    PEdump.new(fname, :force => @options[:force]).tap do |x|
+      x.logger.level =
+        case @options[:verbose]
+        when -100..-3
+          Logger::FATAL + 1
+        when -2
+          Logger::FATAL
+        when -1
+          Logger::ERROR
+        when 0
+          Logger::WARN  # default
+        when 1
+          Logger::INFO
+        when 2..100
+          Logger::DEBUG
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_packer_only fnames
+    max_fname_len = fnames.map(&:size).max
+    fnames.each do |fname|
+      File.open(fname,'rb') do |f|
+        @pedump = create_pedump fname
+        packers = @pedump.packers(f)
+        pname = Array(packers).first.try(:packer).try(:name)
+        pname ||= "unknown" if @options[:verbose] > 0
+        printf("%-*s %s\n", max_fname_len+1, "#{fname}:", pname) if pname
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  class ProgressProxy
+    attr_reader :pbar
+
+    def initialize file
+      @file = file
+      @pbar = ProgressBar.new("[.] uploading", file.size, STDOUT)
+      @pbar.try(:file_transfer_mode)
+      @pbar.bar_mark = '='
+    end
+    def read *args
+      @pbar.inc args.first
+      @file.read *args
+    end
+    def method_missing *args
+      @file.send *args
+    end
+    def respond_to? *args
+      @file.respond_to?(*args) || super(*args)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def upload f
+    if @pedump.mz(f).signature != 'MZ'
+      @pedump.logger.error "[!] refusing to upload a non-MZ file"
+      return
+    end
+
+    require 'digest/md5'
+    require 'open-uri'
+    require 'net/http/post/multipart'
+    require 'progressbar'
+
+    stdout_sync = STDOUT.sync
+    STDOUT.sync = true
+
+    md5 = Digest::MD5.file(f.path).hexdigest
+    @pedump.logger.info "[.] md5: #{md5}"
+    file_url = "#{URL_BASE}/#{md5}/"
+
+    @pedump.logger.info "[.] checking if file already uploaded.."
+    begin
+      if (r=open(file_url).read) == "OK"
+        @pedump.logger.warn "[.] file already uploaded: #{file_url}"
+        return
+      else
+        raise "invalid server response: #{r}"
+      end
+    rescue OpenURI::HTTPError
+      raise unless $!.to_s == "404 Not Found"
+    end
+
+    f.rewind
+
+    # upload with progressbar
+    post_url = URI.parse(URL_BASE+'/')
+    uio = UploadIO.new(f, "application/octet-stream", File.basename(f.path))
+    ppx = ProgressProxy.new(uio)
+    req = Net::HTTP::Post::Multipart.new post_url.path, "file" => ppx
+    res = Net::HTTP.start(post_url.host, post_url.port){ |http| http.request(req) }
+    ppx.pbar.finish
+
+    puts
+    puts "[.] analyzing..."
+
+    if (r=open(File.join(URL_BASE,md5,'analyze')).read) != "OK"
+      raise "invalid server response: #{r}"
+    end
+
+    puts "[.] uploaded: #{file_url}"
+  ensure
+    STDOUT.sync = stdout_sync
+  end
+
+  def action_title action
+    if @need_fname_header
+      @need_fname_header = false
+      puts if @file_idx > 0
+      puts "# -----------------------------------------------"
+      puts "# #@file_name"
+      puts "# -----------------------------------------------"
+    end
+
+    s = action.to_s.upcase.tr('_',' ')
+    s += " Header" if [:mz, :pe, :rich].include?(action)
+    s = "Packer / Compiler" if action == :packer
+    "\n=== %s ===\n\n" % s
+  end
+
+  def dump_action action, f
+    if action.is_a?(Array)
+      case action[0]
+      when :va2file
+        @pedump.sections(f)
+        va = action[1] =~ /(^0x)|(h$)/i ? action[1].to_i(16) : action[1].to_i
+        file_offset = @pedump.va2file(va)
+        printf "va2file(0x%x) = 0x%x  (%d)\n", va, file_offset, file_offset
+        return
+      else raise "unknown action #{action.inspect}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    data = @pedump.send(action, f)
+    return if !data || (data.respond_to?(:empty?) && data.empty?)
+
+    puts action_title(action)
+
+    return dump(data) if [:inspect, :table].include?(@options[:format])
+
+    dump_opts = {:name => action}
+    case action
+      when :pe
+        @pedump.pe.ifh.TimeDateStamp = @pedump.pe.ifh.TimeDateStamp.to_i
+        data = @pedump.pe.signature + (@pedump.pe.ifh.try(:pack)||'') + (@pedump.pe.ioh.try(:pack)||'')
+        @pedump.pe.ifh.TimeDateStamp = Time.at(@pedump.pe.ifh.TimeDateStamp)
+      when :resources
+        return dump_resources(data)
+      when :strings
+        return dump_strings(data)
+      when :imports
+        return dump_imports(data)
+      when :exports
+        return dump_exports(data)
+      when :version_info
+        return dump_version_info(data)
+      else
+        if data.is_a?(Struct) && data.respond_to?(:pack)
+          data = data.pack
+        elsif data.is_a?(Array) && data.all?{ |x| x.is_a?(Struct) && x.respond_to?(:pack)}
+          data = data.map(&:pack).join
+        end
+    end
+    dump data, dump_opts
+  end
+
+  def dump data, opts = {}
+    case opts[:format] || @options[:format] || :dump
+    when :dump, :hexdump
+      puts hexdump(data)
+    when :hex
+      puts data.each_byte.map{ |x| "%02x" % x }.join(' ')
+    when :binary
+      print data
+    when :c
+      name = opts[:name] || "foo"
+      puts "// #{data.size} bytes total"
+      puts "unsigned char #{name}[] = {"
+      data.unpack('C*').each_slice(12) do |row|
+        puts "  " + row.map{ |c| "0x%02x," % c}.join(" ")
+      end
+      puts "};"
+    when :inspect
+      require 'pp'
+      pp data
+    when :table
+      dump_table data
+    end
+  end
+
+  COMMENTS = {
+    :Machine => {
+      0x014c => 'x86',
+      0x0200 => 'Intel Itanium',
+      0x8664 => 'x64',
+      'default' => '???'
+    },
+    :Magic => {
+      0x010b => '32-bit executable',
+      0x020b => '64-bit executable',
+      0x0107 => 'ROM image',
+      'default' => '???'
+    },
+    :Subsystem => PEdump::IMAGE_SUBSYSTEMS
+  }
+
+  def _flags2string flags
+    return '' if !flags || flags.empty?
+    a = [flags.shift.dup]
+    flags.each do |f|
+      if (a.last.size + f.size) < 40
+        a.last << ", " << f
+      else
+        a << f.dup
+      end
+    end
+    a.join("\n"+ ' '*58)
+  end
+
+  def dump_generic_table data
+    data.each_pair do |k,v|
+      next if [:DataDirectory, :section_table].include?(k)
+      case v
+      when Numeric
+        case k
+        when /\AMajor.*Version\Z/
+          printf "%30s: %24s\n", k.to_s.sub('Major',''), "#{v}.#{data[k.to_s.sub('Major','Minor')]}"
+        when /\AMinor.*Version\Z/
+        when /TimeDateStamp/
+          printf "%30s: %24s\n", k, Time.at(v).strftime('"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"')
+        else
+          comment = ''
+          if COMMENTS[k]
+            comment = COMMENTS[k][v] || (COMMENTS[k].is_a?(Hash) ? COMMENTS[k]['default'] : '') || ''
+          elsif data.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER) && k == :Characteristics
+            comment = _flags2string(data.flags)
+          elsif k == :DllCharacteristics
+            comment = _flags2string(data.flags)
+          end
+          comment.strip!
+          comment = "  #{comment}" unless comment.empty?
+          printf "%30s: %10d  %12s%s\n", k, v, v<10 ? v : ("0x"+v.to_s(16)), comment
+        end
+      when Struct
+        # IMAGE_FILE_HEADER:
+        # IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER:
+        printf "\n# %s:\n", v.class.to_s.split('::').last
+        dump_table v
+      when Time
+        printf "%30s: %24s\n", k, v.strftime('"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"')
+      else
+        printf "%30s: %24s\n", k, v.to_s.inspect
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_table data
+    if data.is_a?(Struct)
+      return dump_res_dir(data) if data.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY)
+      return dump_exports(data) if data.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)
+      dump_generic_table data
+    elsif data.is_a?(Enumerable) && data.map(&:class).uniq.size == 1
+      case data.first
+      when PEdump::IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY
+        dump_data_dir data
+      when PEdump::IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER
+        dump_sections data
+      when PEdump::Resource
+        dump_resources data
+      when PEdump::STRING
+        dump_strings data
+      when PEdump::IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR
+        dump_imports data
+      when PEdump::Packer::Match
+        dump_packers data
+      when PEdump::VS_VERSIONINFO
+        dump_version_info data
+      else
+        puts "[?] don't know how to dump: #{data.inspect[0,50]}" unless data.empty?
+      end
+    elsif data.is_a?(PEdump::DOSStub)
+      puts hexdump(data)
+    elsif data.is_a?(PEdump::RichHdr)
+      dump_rich_hdr data
+    else
+      puts "[?] Don't know how to display #{data.inspect[0,50]}... as a table"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_version_info data
+    if @options[:format] != :table
+      File.open(@file_name,'rb') do |f|
+        @pedump.resources.find_all{ |r| r.type == 'VERSION'}.each do |res|
+          f.seek res.file_offset
+          data = f.read(res.size)
+          dump data
+        end
+      end
+      return
+    end
+
+    fmt = "  %-20s:  %s\n"
+    data.each do |vi|
+      puts "# VS_FIXEDFILEINFO:"
+
+      if @options[:verbose] > 0 || vi.Value.dwSignature != 0xfeef04bd
+        printf(fmt, "Signature", "0x#{vi.Value.dwSignature.to_s(16)}")
+      end
+
+      printf fmt, 'FileVersion', [
+        vi.Value.dwFileVersionMS >> 16,
+        vi.Value.dwFileVersionMS &  0xffff,
+        vi.Value.dwFileVersionLS >> 16,
+        vi.Value.dwFileVersionLS &  0xffff
+      ].join('.')
+
+      printf fmt, 'ProductVersion', [
+        vi.Value.dwProductVersionMS >> 16,
+        vi.Value.dwProductVersionMS &  0xffff,
+        vi.Value.dwProductVersionLS >> 16,
+        vi.Value.dwProductVersionLS &  0xffff
+      ].join('.')
+
+      vi.Value.each_pair do |k,v|
+        next if k[/[ML]S$/] || k == :valid || k == :dwSignature
+        printf fmt, k.to_s.sub(/^dw/,''), v > 9 ? "0x#{v.to_s(16)}" : v
+      end
+
+      vi.Children.each do |file_info|
+        case file_info
+        when PEdump::StringFileInfo
+          file_info.Children.each do |string_table|
+            puts "\n# StringTable #{string_table.szKey}:"
+            string_table.Children.each do |string|
+              printf fmt, string.szKey, string.Value.inspect
+            end
+          end
+        when PEdump::VarFileInfo
+          puts
+          printf fmt, "VarFileInfo", '[ 0x' + file_info.Children.Value.map{|v| v.to_s(16)}.join(", 0x") + ' ]'
+        else
+          puts "[?] unknown child type: #{file_info.inspect}, use -fi to inspect"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_packers data
+    if @options[:verbose] > 0
+      data.each do |p|
+        printf "%8x %4d %s\n", p.offset, p.packer.size, p.packer.name
+      end
+    else
+      # show only largest detected unless verbose output requested
+      puts "  #{data.first.packer.name}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_exports data
+    printf "# module %s\n# flags=0x%x  ts=%s  version=%d.%d  ord_base=%d\n",
+      data.name.inspect,
+      data.Characteristics.to_i,
+      Time.at(data.TimeDateStamp.to_i).strftime('"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"'),
+      data.MajorVersion, data.MinorVersion,
+      data.Base
+
+    if @options[:verbose] > 0
+      [%w'Names', %w'EntryPoints Functions', %w'Ordinals NameOrdinals'].each do |x|
+        va  = data["AddressOf"+x.last]
+        ofs = @pedump.va2file(va) || '?'
+        printf "# %-12s rva=0x%08x  file_offset=%8s\n", x.first, va, ofs
+      end
+    end
+
+    printf "# nFuncs=%d  nNames=%d\n",
+      data.NumberOfFunctions,
+      data.NumberOfNames
+
+    return unless data.name_ordinals.any? || data.entry_points.any? || data.names.any?
+
+    puts
+
+    ord2name = {}
+    data.NumberOfNames.times do |i|
+      ord2name[data.name_ordinals[i]] ||= []
+      ord2name[data.name_ordinals[i]] << data.names[i]
+    end
+
+    printf "%5s %8s  %s\n", "ORD", "ENTRY_VA", "NAME"
+    data.NumberOfFunctions.times do |i|
+      ep = data.entry_points[i]
+      names = ord2name[i+data.Base].try(:join,', ')
+      next if ep.to_i == 0 && names.nil?
+      printf "%5d %8x  %s\n", i + data.Base, ep, names
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_imports data
+    fmt = "%-15s %5s %5s  %s\n"
+    printf fmt, "MODULE_NAME", "HINT", "ORD", "FUNCTION_NAME"
+    data.each do |iid|
+      # image import descriptor
+      (Array(iid.original_first_thunk) + Array(iid.first_thunk)).uniq.each do |f|
+        next unless f
+        # imported function
+        printf fmt,
+          iid.module_name,
+          f.hint ? f.hint.to_s(16) : '',
+          f.ordinal ? f.ordinal.to_s(16) : '',
+          f.name
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_strings data
+    printf "%5s %5s  %4s  %s\n", "ID", "ID", "LANG", "STRING"
+    prev_lang = nil
+    data.sort_by{|s| [s.lang, s.id] }.each do |s|
+      #puts if prev_lang && prev_lang != s.lang
+      printf "%5d %5x  %4x  %s\n", s.id, s.id, s.lang, s.value.inspect
+      prev_lang = s.lang
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_res_dir entry, level = 0
+    if entry.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY)
+      # root entry
+      printf "dir? %8s %8s %5s %5s",    "FLAGS", "TIMESTMP", "VERS", 'nEnt'
+      printf " | %-15s %8s | ",         "NAME", "OFFSET"
+      printf "data? %8s %8s %5s %8s\n", 'DATA_OFS', 'DATA_SZ', 'CP', 'RESERVED'
+    end
+
+    dir =
+      case entry
+      when PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY
+        entry
+      when PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY
+        entry.data
+      end
+
+    fmt1  = "DIR: %8x %8x %5s %5d"
+    fmt1s = fmt1.tr("xd\nDIR:","ss ") % ['','','','']
+
+    if dir.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY)
+      printf fmt1,
+        dir.Characteristics, dir.TimeDateStamp,
+        [dir.MajorVersion,dir.MinorVersion].join('.'),
+        dir.NumberOfNamedEntries + dir.NumberOfIdEntries
+    else
+      print fmt1s
+    end
+
+    name =
+      case level
+      when 0 then "ROOT"
+      when 1 then PEdump::ROOT_RES_NAMES[entry.Name] || entry.name
+      else entry.name
+      end
+
+    printf " | %-15s", name
+    printf("\n%s   %15s",fmt1s,'') if name.size > 15
+    printf " %8x | ", entry.respond_to?(:OffsetToData) ? entry.OffsetToData : 0
+
+    if dir.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY)
+      puts
+      dir.entries.each do |child|
+        dump_res_dir child, level+1
+      end
+    elsif dir
+      printf "DATA: %8x %8x %5s %8x\n", dir.OffsetToData, dir.Size, dir.CodePage, dir.Reserved
+    else
+      puts # null dir
+    end
+  end
+
+#  def dump_res_dir0 dir, level=0, dir_entry = nil
+#    dir_entry ||= PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY.new
+#    printf "%-10s %8x %8x %8x %5s %5d\n", dir_entry.name || "ROOT", dir_entry.OffsetToData.to_i,
+#      dir.Characteristics, dir.TimeDateStamp,
+#      [dir.MajorVersion,dir.MinorVersion].join('.'),
+#      dir.NumberOfNamedEntries + dir.NumberOfIdEntries
+#    dir.entries.each do |child|
+#      if child.data.is_a?(PEdump::IMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY)
+#        dump_res_dir child.data, level+1, child
+#      else
+#        print "  "*(level+1) + "CHILD"
+#        child.data.each_pair do |k,v|
+#          print " #{k[0,2]}=#{v}"
+#        end
+#        puts
+#        #p child
+#      end
+#    end
+#  end
+
+  def dump_resources data
+    keys = []; fmt = []
+    fmt << "%11x " ; keys << :file_offset
+    fmt << "%5d "  ; keys << :cp
+    fmt << "%5x "  ; keys << :lang
+    fmt << "%8d  " ; keys << :size
+    fmt << "%-13s "; keys << :type
+    fmt << "%s\n"  ; keys << :name
+    printf fmt.join.tr('dx','s'), *keys.map(&:to_s).map(&:upcase)
+    data.each do |res|
+      fmt.each_with_index do |f,i|
+        v = res.send(keys[i])
+        if f['x']
+          printf f.tr('x','s'), v.to_i < 10 ? v.to_s : "0x#{v.to_s(16)}"
+        else
+          printf f, v
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_sections data
+    printf "  %-8s %8s %8s %8s %8s %5s %8s %5s %8s  %8s\n",
+      'NAME', 'RVA', 'VSZ','RAW_SZ','RAW_PTR','nREL','REL_PTR','nLINE','LINE_PTR','FLAGS'
+    data.each do |s|
+      name = s.Name[/[^a-z0-9_.]/i] ? s.Name.inspect : s.Name
+      name = "#{name}\n          " if name.size > 8
+      printf "  %-8s %8x %8x %8x %8x %5x %8x %5x %8x  %8x  %s\n", name.to_s,
+        s.VirtualAddress.to_i,      s.VirtualSize.to_i,
+        s.SizeOfRawData.to_i,       s.PointerToRawData.to_i,
+        s.NumberOfRelocations.to_i, s.PointerToRelocations.to_i,
+        s.NumberOfLinenumbers.to_i, s.PointerToLinenumbers.to_i,
+        s.flags.to_i,               s.flags_desc
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_data_dir data
+    data.each do |row|
+      printf "  %-12s  rva:0x%8x   size:0x %8x\n", row.type, row.va.to_i, row.size.to_i
+    end
+  end
+
+  def dump_rich_hdr data
+    if decoded = data.decode
+      puts "    LIB_ID        VERSION        TIMES_USED   "
+      decoded.each do |row|
+        printf " %5d  %2x    %7d  %4x   %7d %3x\n",
+          row.id, row.id, row.version, row.version, row.times, row.times
+      end
+    else
+      puts "# raw:"
+      puts hexdump(data)
+      puts
+      puts "# dexored:"
+      puts hexdump(data.dexor)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def hexdump data, h = {}
+    offset = h[:offset] || 0
+    add    = h[:add]    || 0
+    size   = h[:size]   || (data.size-offset)
+    tail   = h[:tail]   || "\n"
+    width  = h[:width]  || 0x10                 # row width, in bytes
+
+    size = data.size-offset if size+offset > data.size
+
+    r = ''; s = ''
+    r << "%08x: " % (offset + add)
+    ascii = ''
+    size.times do |i|
+      if i%width==0 && i>0
+        r << "%s |%s|\n%08x: " % [s, ascii, offset + add + i]
+        ascii = ''; s = ''
+      end
+      s << " " if i%width%8==0
+      c = data[offset+i].ord
+      s << "%02x " % c
+      ascii << ((32..126).include?(c) ? c.chr : '.')
+    end
+    r << "%-*s |%-*s|%s" % [width*3+width/8+(width%8==0?0:1), s, width, ascii, tail]
+  end
+end