pdf_paradise 0.3.20

data/README.md

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+[![forthebadge](https://forthebadge.com/images/badges/built-with-love.svg)](https://www.gobolinux.org/)
+[![forthebadge](https://forthebadge.com/images/badges/made-with-ruby.svg)](https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/)
+[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/pdf_paradise.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/pdf_paradise)
+
+This gem was <b>last updated</b> on the <span style="color: darkblue; font-weight: bold">04.02.2024</span> (dd.mm.yyyy notation), at <span style="color: steelblue; font-weight: bold">04:38:42</span> o'clock.
+
+<img src="https://i.imgur.com/unhKNEw.png" style="margin-left: 2em">
+<img src="https://i.imgur.com/xMrkTJM.png" style="margin-left: 1em">
+
+This project can help with pdf-related activities, such as extracting
+a .pdf page, converting .pdf page, merging .pdf files, splitting
+.pdf files, setting the title of a .pdf page and similar actions.
+
+The project has to remain quite flexible. We may use external programs
+such as **ghoscript** or **qpdf**, or we may use pure ruby solutions,
+such as via the gem called <b>combine_pdf</b>, <b>prawn</b> or
+<b>hexapdf</b>.
+
+The file here (README.gen, respectively the generated file called
+**README.md**), will describe some of the components that make up
+this gem.
+
+## Rationale for making use of separate pdf-related projects
+
+There are many different pdf-related toolkits available if you look
+for them on the <b>www</b>.
+
+For example, we have <b>prawn</b>, we have <b>qpdf</b>, we have
+<b>calibre</b>, we have <b>hexapdf</b>, we have
+<b>ghostscript</b>, and many more applications.
+
+Some of these projects have unique features; and some of them have
+overlapping functionality, such as reading the content of .pdf files
+in a simplified manner (number of pages, title, author and so
+forth).
+
+The PdfParadise project attempts to support as many different
+(open-source) projects as possible. From the point of view of
+the PdfParadise project, it is also permissive to <b>support
+closed source projects</b>, provided that **the code remains
+simple** (and simple to change), for instance via ruby's
+system / `` callbacks for commandline binaries.
+
+The primary focus for the pdf_paradise gem is on open-source
+projects, though, so closed-source is a secondary objective,
+at best.
+
+Why does the PdfParadise project attempt to support many different
+pdf-related projects?
+
+The answer to this question is rather simple: on Linux I have a <b>lot</b>
+of flexibility and can use literally any pdf-related project just fine.
+On Windows, however had, I am more restricted in what I can use. Not
+all programs are available on windows or can be easily compiled or
+be installed there. Thus, in order to allow the pdf_paradise .gem
+to work on windows, we need a certain level of flexibility.
+
+The reason why I added this subsection here in <b>June 2021</b> was that
+I am slowly changing the sinatra-related part of the PdfParadise
+project, in order to embed the functionality into my main controller
+which is handled by the **Roebe** namespace. In that controller
+I wanted to easily <b>offer pdf-related functionality</b>
+"out of the box" when I start the sinatra-application on windows.
+Because I want to be able to offer pdf-related modifications on
+windows as well, the PdfParadise project had to become more
+flexible, so that a simple toplevel route, such as **/pdf**, will
+work properly, and lead to entry points (subroutes) that allow 
+me to tap into the features offered by the PdfParadise project.
+That way I can then, for instance, easily display the number of
+pages in a .pdf file on windows as well.
+
+So, the primary **summary** here is this: <b>the PdfParadise project must
+remain flexible in order to support a proper workflow on windows
+systems as well</b>. (We could use WSL on windows, but not every
+computer has this available, so I am targeting "vanilla" windows
+really.)
+
+Note that one slight drawback is that the sinatra part of
+the PdfParadise project now has <b>a dependency</b> on the
+**cyberweb** project, so if you want to use that, you also
+have to install the cyberweb gem. This is a trade-off - for me
+the more important part is long-term maintainability of
+the pdf_paradise project in the long run, so a unified
+code base had to be used in this regard.    
+
+## Converting a .pdf file to text
+
+Sometimes you may wish to have a text-file describing the content of
+a .pdf file, rather than the .pdf file itself.
+
+Via class **PdfParadise::ConvertPdfToText**, residing in the file at
+**pdf_paradise/convert_pdf_to_text.rb**, you can convert a .pdf file
+to a text file.
+
+Usage example from ruby, for the file called **foobar.pdf**:
+
+    PdfParadise::ConvertPdfToText.new(ARGV)
+    PdfParadise::ConvertPdfToText.new('foobar.pdf')
+
+You can also use the bin/ file from the commandline:
+
+    convert_pdf_to_text
+    convert_pdf_to_text foobar.pdf 
+
+There is also a ruby-gtk3 widget that offers the functionality
+from class **PdfParadise::ConvertPdfToText**, if the user
+has gtk3 installed and the ruby-bindings to it as well.
+
+You can start that ruby-gtk3 widget via:
+
+    convert_pdf_to_text --gui
+
+## Storing the .pdf pages that are currently open
+
+If you need to store the .pdf files that are currently open, you
+can use the following commandline to do so:
+
+    pdfparadise --store-open-pdf-files
+
+This will attempt to store the full path to the .pdf files
+into a local file. That way you may also be able to batch-open
+these .pdf files at a later time, e. g. when you switch your
+window manager or after a reboot.
+
+Since as of October 2022 I am not using this as much anymore as
+before, because the <b>roebe</b> gem has a class called Books
+(at <b>roebe/classes/books.rb</b>) that handles .pdf files for
+me. I use that class as if I am reading different "books" - each
+individual .pdf file is then a "book".
+
+## Converting markdown .md files to .pdf files
+
+If you use kramdown, prawn and kramdown-pdf-converter, then you
+can convert .md files on the commandline, via:
+
+    convert_markdown_to_pdf path_to_pdf_file_goes_here.pdf
+
+Install the necessary gems prior to using this commandline
+functionality.
+
+## Querying the title of a .pdf file
+
+<b>class PdfParadise::QueryPdfTitle</b> will report the title of
+any .pdf file that is passed into it, on the commandline.
+
+This currently depends on <b>exiftool</b> but at a later time,
+this may change to also allow a query via prawn or other tools.
+
+If you need to determine whether a given .pdf file has a title
+or whether it does not, you can use
+<b>PdfParadise.does_this_pdf_file_have_a_title?</b>, such
+as in:
+
+    PdfParadise.does_this_pdf_file_have_a_title? "foobar.pdf" # => true
+
+This method will return **true** if the .pdf file at hand has a
+title; and **false** otherwise.
+
+## Determining how many pages a given .pdf file has
+
+class **PdfParadise::PdfFileNTotalPages** can be used to query
+how many pages a given .pdf file has.
+
+The executable called **bin/n_pages** (thus, **n_pages**) can
+be used to query this, on the commandline.
+
+Example:
+
+    n_pages foobar.pdf
+
+Do note that the class requires the external program
+called **pdfinfo**.
+
+It is possible to query the number of pages in a given .pdf
+file without **pdfinfo**, but some .pdf files are a bit buggy,
+and **pdfinfo** is simply more reliable than the regex that
+was used until March 2020. So, past March 2020, the program
+**pdfinfo** is now used by default. Note that pdfinfo is
+part of the poppler software suite.
+
+You can also use the following toplevel API for this:
+
+    PdfParadise.n_pages? 'THE_PATH_TO_THE_PDF_FILE_GOES_IN_HERE.pdf'
+    PdfParadise.n_pages? 'foobar.pdf'
+
+## Adding page numbers to .pdf files
+
+Via the combine_pdf gem it is now possible to add page numbers
+to .pdf files. This has a few limitations for complex .pdf files,
+due to combine_pdf having limitations in turn - but for simple
+.pdf files this should work really well.
+
+How to use that functionality?
+
+Consider using the following toplevel API:
+
+    PdfParadise.number_pages('this_file.pdf')
+
+The file called **this_file.pdf** has to exist in order for
+this to work, of course.
+
+The current default is to display the page numbers on the bottom
+right side. This is hardcoded, but you could modify the code
+to adapt to your needs; see also how combine_pdf does this.
+(You have to pass an option-hash.)
+
+## Various GUI component of the PdfParadise project
+
+The **PdfParadise project** comes with some ruby-gtk3 specific
+GUIs, but a few ruby-gtk2 and ruby-tk bindings may exist
+as well. The **ruby-gtk3** components constitute the main GUI
+elements of this project, though.
+
+You can start, from the commandline, the gtk-wrapper
+over the **split_pdf_file** functionality.
+
+In order to do this, do either one of the following:
+
+    pdf_paradise --gui
+    pdf_paradise --gtk
+
+This will require the **gtk_paradise** project and the gtk
+bindings, so quite a lot. **gem install gtk3** and
+**gem install gtk_paradise** should help.
+
+The GUI for class SplitPdfFile is called **PdfParadise::Gtk::SplitPdfFile**.
+The idea behind it is to allow you to determine some of the parameters
+in a graphical fashion.
+
+Since as of **September 2019**, there is also a mini-widget for quickly
+removing the first page of a .pdf file. This is really minimal right
+now and not very elegant; it may be improved in the future, but for
+the time being it is what it is. It is more a proof-of-concept that
+it can work.
+
+You can start this via:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise/gui/gtk2/remove_first_page_of_pdf_file.rb'
+
+    PdfParadise.start_gtk_gui_remove_first_page_of_pdf_file
+
+Note that as of **January 2021** the gtk bindings will default to
+**ruby-gtk3**. Support for ruby-gtk2 will be retained, though,
+but new code may not necessarily be written for ruby-gtk2 in
+mind. ruby-gtk3 is now the main GUI target for this project.
+
+I am slowly porting the individual widgets.
+
+The following widgets have been ported so far:
+
+    PdfParadise::GUI::Gtk::StatisticsWidget # can be found under pdf_paradise/gui/gtk3/statistics_widget/statistics_widget.rb
+
+## Specification of the .pdf format
+
+This subsection is a stub - I only needed it to gather information
+about the .pdf specification. This is NOT complete - it only shall
+contain some useful information and snippets about the .pdf 
+specification.
+
+PDF stands short for **Portable Document Format**.
+
+PDF has been standardized as **ISO-32000** in the year **2008**.
+
+In the pdf-specification we can distinguish these entities:
+
+    Objects: these are not objects in the OOP sense, but simply the
+    basic data type of the PDF standard. There are 9 types of objects:
+    null, boolean, integer, real, name, string, array, dictionary and
+    stream.
+
+    Dictionary: this is a key-value pair that is unordered. They are 
+    denoted by << and >> at the beginning and the end.
+
+    Indirect Objects: these are objects that are referred to by
+    reference.
+
+    Direct Objects: these are objects that appear inline and are
+    obtained directly.
+
+    Conforming Reader: is ann application that parses a PDF
+    file according to the PDF Standard.
+
+A .pdf file is made up of a specific structure, usually a four-part
+layout.
+
+These four parts are:
+
+    Header
+    Body
+    Cross-reference table
+    Trailer
+
+### The .pdf Header tag
+
+The header may begin with an entry such as **%PDF-1.7**.
+
+The general format for the header is:
+
+    %PDF- followed by the version number in the form of 1.N.
+
+This is not valid for all .pdf files, though. Past PDF Version
+1.4, the **Version** entry in the document's catalog dictionary,
+which is within the **Root** entry of the **Trailer**, may be
+used instead of the Header - **if present**.
+
+If a .pdf file contains binary data - which most PDF files
+will do nowadays, such as **stream objects** - then the 
+**Header** line shall be immediately followed by a line
+containing at the least **four binary characters**. These
+are character codes of 128 or greater.
+
+### The .pdf Body tag
+
+The body of a PDF File consist of these aforementioned **Indirect
+Objects** representing the contents of a document.
+
+**Indirect Objects** begin with a **unique object identifier**
+that allows other objects to refer to them.
+
+That identifier is made up of the following two components:
+
+    (1) Object Number:     a positive Integer, can be in any arbitrary order
+    (2) Generation Number: a non-negative Integer)
+
+The **Indirect Objects** can be referred to from elsewhere by an
+Indirect Reference. This must consist of:
+
+    Object Number
+    Generation Number, and
+    keyword R # for instance: 4 0 R
+
+After the identifier is the keyword **obj** (start of the object)
+and **endobj** (end of the object). Anything in between that is
+is a key-value pair that describes the object.
+
+A a simple example showing the use of **Indirect Objects** will be
+shown next:
+
+    1 0 obj % Object Number 1, Generation Number 0
+    <<
+    /Type /Pages % Describe type of object
+    /Kids [ 4 0 R ] $ Kids Entry referring to an indirect reference (Object number 4, Generation number 0)
+    /Count 1
+    >>
+    endobj
+
+    2 0 obj % Object Number 2, Generation Number 0
+    <<
+    /Type /Catalog % Describe type of object
+    /Pages 1 0 R % Referring another object via unique object identifier
+    >>
+    endobj
+
+The **Body** section of a .pdf  file is thus a tree of objects that
+are linked together, ultimately coming down to the Root Object
+(Defined by the **Root** entry in the **Trailer** section, as a
+catalog dictionary).
+
+The **Cross-Reference Table** is a table that contains a list of byte
+offset pointing to the indirect objects.
+
+A pdf-conforming reader uses the Cross-Reference Table as a lookup
+table to access certain objects quickly when needed.
+
+The format for entries in Cross-Reference Table can be summarized ass
+follows:
+
+    - In the following format nnnnnnnnnn ggggg n eol, a total of 20 bytes
+    - nnnnnnnnnn is a 10-digit byte offset in the decoded stream
+    - ggggg 5-digit generation number
+    - n keyword for in-use entry or f keyword for free entry
+    - eol 2 character end-of-line sequence (Like CR LF)
+
+The **Cross-Reference Table** always begins with the special entry
+**0000000000 65535** - see the following example:
+
+    0000000000 65535 f % special entry, f denoting it is a free entry
+
+## Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
+
+The pdf_paradise gem comes with a few, small-ish widgets, primarily
+written in ruby-gtk. Since as of August 2021 I am also experimenting
+with libui but this is a slow process - stay tuned for more updates
+in the coming months in this regard.
+
+One big advantage of libui is that it works on windows out-of-the-box,
+so we can use GUIs on windows as well. \o/
+
+## Storing all open .pdf files in a yaml file
+
+In **February 2022* the yaml file working_on_these_pdf_files.yml 
+was added at:
+
+    pdf_paradise/yaml/working_on_these_pdf_files.yml
+
+The idea here is that this yaml-file retains the local path
+to any .pdf file that the user (in this case me) is working
+on, aka reading right now.
+
+I needed this because I tend to work through .pdf files and
+remove page after page when I read it. The idea is that 
+I do not lose that information when I reboot my computer
+or when said computer crashes; I needed to make this
+persistent information.
+
+Why is this yaml file part of the pdf_paradise gem, though?
+This is mostly due to convenience. I wanted to have this
+available in one of my ruby gems by default. In the long
+run I will add code that allows other users to adjust
+this to their own use case (and perhaps in their home
+directory rather than store this in the gem itself). As
+of February 2022 code for the latter is currently not
+part of the gem, but I may add code for this - either
+in the **pdf_paradise** gem or the **roebe** gem. 
+
+## Splitting a single pdf file into individual several .pdf files
+
+You can use the following toplevel API to split up a single
+.pdf file into several .pdf files:
+
+    PdfParadise.burst(ARGV)
+    PdfParadise.burst('foobar.pdf')
+
+A commandline variant exists as well, at <b>bin/burst_this_pdf_file</b>,
+tapping into the code stored in the file
+<b>pdf_paradise/utility_scripts/split_pdf.rb</b>.
+
+Usage example for the commandline variant:
+
+    burst_this_pdf_file foobar.pdf
+
+(Make sure this bin file can be found in <b>$PATH</b>.)
+
+Be careful when using this script: it will dump the generated
+individual .pdf files into the current working directory, so
+you may want to create a subdirectory before invoking this
+executable, and move your target .pdf into that file. While
+functionality could be added to automatically create a 
+subdirectory and relocate the generated .pdf files into
+that subdirectory, for now we'll keep it simple here and
+just extract the individual .pdf pages into the current
+working directory.
+
+Note that <b>hexapdf</b> can also be used for this functionality.
+In February 2023 it became the default; the old variant
+via imagemagick's convert is retained in the file
+<b>pdf_paradise/utility_scripts/split_pdf.rb</b> though.
+
+## Merging pdf files
+
+<b>class PdfParadise::MergePdf.new(ARGV)</b> can be used for
+<b>merging .pdf files</b>. This functionality depends on 
+external software, so you have to install this first.
+
+Currently <b>ghostscript</b> and <b>hexapdf</b> can be used for
+the <b>merging</b> step.
+
+Examples for how to use either of these two variants, as 
+far as <b>class PdfParadise::MergePdf</b> is concerned,
+follows next:
+
+    mergepdf one.pdf two.pdf --use-ghostscript
+    mergepdf one.pdf two.pdf --use-hexapdf
+    mergepdf *.avif --use-hexapdf
+    mergepdf SCAN1.avif SCAN2.avif SCAN3.avif SCAN4.avif SCAN5.avif --use-hexapdf
+    mergepdf SCAN1.avif SCAN2.avif SCAN3.avif SCAN4.avif SCAN5.avif --use-ghostscript
+    mergepdf output-page1.pdf output-page2.pdf output-page3.pdf output-page4.pdf output-page5.pdf  --use-ghostscript
+    mergepdf SCAN1_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN2_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN3_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN4_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN5_GUTACHTEN.pdf --use-ghostscript
+    mergepdf SCAN1_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN2_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN3_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN4_GUTACHTEN.pdf SCAN5_GUTACHTEN.pdf --hexapdf
+
+(The two -- hyphen are mandatory for commandline arguments right now; otherwise
+it is assumed to be a locally existing .pdf file.)
+
+If you need to do this from within ruby code, consider
+using the following code:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise'
+    merge_pdf = PdfParadise::MergePdf.new('one.pdf two.pdf')
+    merge_pdf.feedback_where_it_is_stored # Call it manually.
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise'
+    merge_pdf = PdfParadise::MergePdf.new('one.pdf two.pdf')
+    merge_pdf.feedback_where_it_is_stored # Call it manually.
+
+## Combining individual pages from .pdf files into a new .pdf file via class PdfParadise::CombineThesePdfPages
+
+class **PdfParadise::CombineThesePdfPages** can be used to
+extract individual pdf pages from a given .pdf file and
+combine these into a new .pdf file.
+
+There is also an executable at **bin/combine_these_pdf_pages**
+which can be used on the commandline.
+
+This functionality depends on the **hexapdf** gem.
+
+Usage example:
+
+    combine_these_pdf_pages foobar.pdf 3,4,5
+
+This would retain the pages at 3, 4 and 5 and create a new
+.pdf file.
+
+## Extracting all images from a .pdf file
+
+If you make use of <b>poppler</b> then you can extract
+all images from a given .pdf file.
+
+A small libui-GUI was added for this functionality - this
+is mostly for quick demo purposes. It does not work extremely
+well.
+
+On IceWM it looks like this right now:
+
+<img src="https://i.imgur.com/QXelVyy.png" style="margin:1em">
+
+Not pretty, but it took only about 20 minutes to write this.
+
+<b>pdfimages</b> from poppler must be installed. On Windows
+you can probably download an executable for poppler here:
+
+    https://blog.alivate.com.au/poppler-windows/
+
+I tested whether the above executables work on windows, and
+indeed, they still work fine. I also tested the libui 
+variant on windows, and it works. The code is a bit 
+brittle, so use with care, but I was able to use it
+successfully on <b>August 2022</b> to extract all images
+from a given .pdf file. At a later time I may add am
+to-image converter via libui, probably in the other 
+gem called image_paradise. Stay tuned in this regard.
+
+To start the libui wrapper from the commandline, you can
+use the following:
+
+    /usr/bin/pdf_paradise --libui
+    bin/pdf_paradise  --libui
+    pdf_paradise --libui # This variant should work, or try the other
+                         # variants; it is stored in bin/pdf_paradise
+                         # of this gem 
+
+## Numbering the pages in a given .pdf file automatically
+
+If you use the external gem called <b>combine_pdf</b> then you can
+make use of automatic numbering via the pdf_paradise gem.
+
+The API for this is:
+
+    PdfParadise.number_this_pdf_file('foobar.pdf')
+
+It is not a very flexible API as of right now. Perhaps at a later
+point in time it may be extended.
+
+## class PdfParadise::ToPdf
+
+class <b>PdfParadise::ToPdf</b> can be used for two main
+activities right now:
+
+(1) You can convert .docx to .pdf files on the commandline, if you
+have libreoffice installed.
+
+(2) If you pass in a directory, then all image files of that
+directory will be gathered, converted into a .pdf file, and
+then the .pdf file will be assembled.
+
+## The sinatra interface of the pdf_paradise gem
+
+Since as of April 2019 there is a minimal sinatra interface to the
+PdfParadise project. Consider this incomplete <b>work-in-progress</b>.
+
+To start it, try:
+
+    pdf_paradise --sinatra
+
+Since as of <b>July 2023</b> this now makes use of class <b>Cyberweb::HtmlTemplate</b>.
+This is the generic class I use for generating HTML files (or rather, the
+String that describes the .html file in question).
+
+## Flipping / Rotating a .pdf file
+
+This subsection will try to explain how a .pdf file can be flipped / rotated,
+and how this may relate to the <b>pdf_paradise</b> gem here.
+
+There are many ways how to do so. Let's start with an example via <b>qpdf</b>.
+
+To rotate clockwise, 90°, use:
+
+    qpdf --rotate=+90 foo.pdf bar.pdf
+
+This will generate a flipped .pdf file, rotated 90°, and call it <b>bar.pdf</b>.
+
+The pdf_paradise gem has a class that is tasked with rotating .pdf files.
+
+See:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise/utility_scripts/rotate_pdf_file.rb'
+    PdfParadise::RotatePdfFile.new(ARGV)
+
+To set the rotation you can invoke the method called <b>.set_rotate()</b>.
+
+There is also a bin/ commandline executable for this, called
+<b>rotate_pdf</b>.
+
+There is also a little GUI wrapper around that functionality available, as
+part of the pdf_paradise project.
+
+See:
+
+    PdfParadise::GUI::LibUI::RotatePdfFile.new
+
+## Deleting the last or the first page of a .pdf file
+
+You can use **class DeleteLastPageOfThisPdfFile**, more
+accurately called **class PdfParadise::DeleteLastPageOfThisPdfFile**,
+to ***delete the last page in a .pdf file***.
+
+In ruby code, you can invoke this like so:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise'
+
+    PdfParadise::DeleteLastPageOfThisPdfFile.new('path_to_the_pdf_file/goes_in_here.pdf')
+
+or shorter:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise'
+
+    PdfParadise.delete_last_page_of_this_pdf_file('foobar.pdf')
+
+A very similar API exists for deleting the first page of a given .pdf
+file, too.
+
+See:
+
+In ruby code, you can invoke this like so:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise'
+
+    PdfParadise::DeleteTheFirstPageOfThisPdfFile.new('path_to_the_pdf_file/goes_in_here.pdf')
+
+or shorter:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise'
+
+    PdfParadise.delete_the_first_page_of_this_pdf_file('foobar.pdf')
+    PdfParadise.delete_first_page_of_this_pdf_file('foobar.pdf') # Both variants work.
+
+Note that a small libui-wrapper exists for this functionality,
+under the gui/ subdirectory of this gem. It may look like
+this:
+
+<img src="https://i.imgur.com/tjN0WwS.png" style="margin: 1em">
+
+An older ruby-gtk3 variant also exists:
+
+<img src="https://i.imgur.com/PdMwxeP.png" style="margin: 1em">
+
+However had, in October 2023 I found this layout confusing, and
+since I was also on a journey to write as many jruby-swing 
+GUIs as possible, I rewrote the old ruby-gtk3 code, to then
+be used as a basis for the jruby code at a later time.
+
+The rewrite did not change much, but the new layout makes
+more logical sense, I think - at the least compared to the
+prior variant:
+
+<img src="https://i.imgur.com/8obFWhb.png" style="margin: 1em">
+
+In October 2023 the old class
+DeleteFirstPageOfThisPdfFile was rewritten and
+renamed, into DeleteTheFirstPageOfThisPdfFile. The code
+was improved, in particular when working on windows - that was
+one use case I had, that it had to work on the windows
+platform as well. 
+
+## Commandline usage
+
+You can use the **pdf_paradise** gem from the commandline, 
+as other examples on this homepage shows.
+
+For instance, say that you wish to modify **the title of a .pdf file**,
+you can use a commandline invocation such as via this way:
+
+    pdf_paradise --use-this-pdf-file=location_to_your_pdf_file.pdf --set_title="The title you want to use goes in here."
+
+You can also **shrink** a .pdf file, by using the commandline
+switch <b>--shrink-pdf-size-of=foobar.pdf</b> or just
+<b>--shrink</b>, such as:
+
+    pdf_paradise --shrink-pdf-size-of=foobar.pdf
+    pdf_paradise --shrink=foobar.pdf
+
+The <b>shrink</b> functionality is contained in the module-method
+<b>PdfParadise.reduce_size_of_this_pdf_file()</b>.
+
+## Converting .jpg files to .pdf files
+
+If you have a use case to convert several .jpg files into .pdf files
+then the following commandline example should be helpful:
+
+    convert /path/to/image foobar.pdf
+    convert *.jpg foobar.pdf
+
+Note that this requires <b>ImageMagick</b>. <b>ImageMagick</b> is not
+always perfect; it has a few problems, unfortunately.
+
+For instance, in <b>April 2022</b> when I tried the above,
+the image was repeated three times on the x-axis. I do not
+know why, but that makes **absolutely no sense**. It is just
+a single image, so why is the resulting .pdf file repeated
+three times? Perhaps imagemagick's **convert** tool does
+this automatically, but then I question the default behaviour -
+**it makes no sense** for the use case I have. One image
+should be one image, not three images or fifty images.
+
+In the event that **ImageMagick** does not work very well
+for your use case, consider using another software suite,
+such as **img2pdf**.
+
+The syntax for **img2pdf** goes something like this:
+
+    img2pdf *.jpg -o document.pdf
+    img2pdf SCAN1.jpg SCAN2.jpg SCAN3.jpg SCAN4.jpg SCAN5.jpg -o document.pdf
+
+I liked this, so in **April 2022** this was added to
+**ImageParadise**. The API for this is as follows:
+
+    ImageParadise.img2pdf('*.jpg') # If a '*' is part of the input Dir[] will be used.
+
+As that functionality may be useful on the commandline as well, an
+executable has been added at **bin/imageparadise_img2pdf**. Simply
+pass the image files that you want to convert.
+
+Usage example:
+
+    imageparadise_img2pdf *jpg
+
+If you need the images to be ordered or sorted then you may have to
+do so when specifying the image file at hand specifically, e. g. the
+path to it.
+
+So for instance:
+
+    imageparadise_img2pdf image3.jpg image1.jpg image2.png
+
+The only drawback I have found with <b>img2pdf</b> so far is
+that you can not easily add text to an image. This makes it
+hard to identify which image is named how. A work around for
+this is to embed the filename into the image itself, e. g.
+create temporary images, and then pack them together via
+<b>img2pdf</b>.
+
+Unfortunately in September 2023 I realiased that img2pdf sometimes
+creates .pdf files that are flawed. So img2pdf may not always be
+an optimal choice.
+
+## Compressing a .pdf file (optizime the size of a .pdf file)
+
+Sometimes you may want to reduce the filesize of a given .pdf file at hand,
+such as when you need to <b>upload</b> a .pdf file, and there is some file
+size limit in place, thus making it obligatory to reduce the .pdf file below
+a certain threshold. This actually happened to me a few times when using
+webmail-based email services, where an automatic notice was generated and
+issued to me when the .pdf file was too large, such as <b>above 25MB in
+size</b> or something similar.
+
+So, let us now assume that you <b>do</b> have a use case such as described
+above, or any other use case - you want to reduce the file size of a given
+.pdf file at hand.
+
+How can this be done?
+
+Well, there are several ways of course.
+
+One is to use online-based tools, which tend to work surprisingly well; I
+verified this in February 2022. One example for this is this
+website:
+
+https://www.ilovepdf.com/compress_pdf
+
+But, as far as the gem here is concerned, we will focus primarily on means
+that can be <b>used by you, on your own</b>, without having to depend on 
+external websites.
+
+Two methods will be described here - the first one requiring <b>ghostscript</b>,
+the second one requiring <b>hexapdf</b>.
+
+The important parameter in regards for <b>ghostscript</b> is the
+<b>dPDFSETTINGS</b> parameter. This one will determine the compression
+level, which ultimately will affect the quality of the compressed .pdf
+file.
+
+Available parameters to <b>dPDFSETTINGS</b> include <b>/screen</b>,
+<b>/ebook</b>, <b>/printer</b>, <b>/prepress</b> and <b>/default</b>.
+
+The options are as follows:
+
+| -dPDFSETTINGS Option      | Explanation                                                                     |
+| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| -dPDFSETTINGS=/screen     | Has a lower quality and smaller size. (72 dpi)                                  |
+| -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook      | Has a better quality, but has a slightly larger size (150 dpi)                  |
+| -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress   | Output is of a higher size and quality (300 dpi)                                |
+| -dPDFSETTINGS=/printer    | Output is of a printer type quality (300 dpi)                                   |
+| -dPDFSETTINGS=/default    | Selects the output which is useful for multiple purposes. Can cause large PDFS. | 
+
+In particular /screen is optimal here if you want to reduce the file size. You can
+achieve, for instance, a compression from a .pdf file the size of 73 MB down to
+14 MB - which is quite neat.
+
+class <b>PdfParadise::CompressThisPdfFile</b> can be of help here. Simply
+pass, as argument to .new(), the path of the local .pdf to that class.
+
+This class resides at:
+
+    pdf_paradise/compress/compress_this_pdf_file.rb
+
+Note that class <b>PdfParadise::CompressThisPdfFile</b> currently only uses
+ghostscript, so we have to use the above commandline options, such
+as <b>-dPDFSETTINGS</b>.
+
+You can also use a <b>toplevel method</b> if you'd like to:
+
+    require 'pdf_paradise'
+    PdfParadise.compress_this_pdf_file
+    PdfParadise.compress_this_pdf_file('/foobar.pdf') # ← Pass the path to the .pdf file into this method.
+
+The variant using <b>hexapdf</b> is called:
+
+    PdfParadise.compress_via_pdf
+    PdfParadise.compress_via_pdf('foobar.pdf')
+
+The <b>API</b> names may change at a later point in time; perhaps we will just
+add a toplevel API called <b>PdfParadise.compress()</b>, but for the time being
+the above APIs will be retained as they are.
+
+In February 2024 I noticed that qpdf can also be used to compress .pdf
+files.
+
+Commandline variants in this regard may look like this:
+
+    qpdf --compress-streams=y --object-streams=generate --recompress-flate --optimize-images input_file_here.pdf output_file_there.pdf
+
+To use the above in pdf_paradise you can use:
+
+    PdfParadise.compress_via_qpdf
+
+## Licence
+
+In <b>January 2024</b>, the licence of this project was changed from GPL-2.0
+towards <b>"MIT No Attribution"</b>. You can read up on this MIT licence
+here:
+
+https://spdx.org/licenses/MIT-0.html
+
+The two most important parts are the "no warranty", as well as "use this software
+how you want to", so it is a fairly liberal licence, with almost no restrictions.
+
+I will also copy/paste the full licence here, for convenience to the reader:
+
+Copyright 2024 Robert A. Heiler
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to
+do so.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+## Contact information and mandatory 2FA (no longer) coming up in 2022 / 2023
+
+If your creative mind has ideas and specific suggestions to make this gem
+more useful in general, feel free to drop me an email at any time, via:
+
+    shevy@inbox.lt
+
+Before that email I used an email account at Google gmail, but in **2021** I
+decided to slowly abandon gmail, for various reasons. In order to limit the
+explanation here, allow me to just briefly state that I do not feel as if I
+want to promote any Google service anymore when the user becomes the end
+product (such as via data collection by upstream services, including other
+proxy-services). My feeling is that this is a hugely flawed business model
+to begin with, and I no longer wish to support this in any way, even if
+only indirectly so, such as by using services of companies that try to
+promote this flawed model.
+
+In regards to responding to emails: please keep in mind that responding 
+may take some time, depending on the amount of work I may have at that
+moment. So it is not that emails are ignored; it is more that I have not
+(yet) found the time to read and reply. This means there may be a delay
+of days, weeks and in some instances also months. There is, unfortunately,
+not much I can do when I need to prioritise my time investment, but I try
+to consider <b>all</b> feedback as an opportunity to improve my projects
+nonetheless.
+
+In <b>2022</b> rubygems.org decided to make 2FA mandatory for every
+gem owner eventually:
+
+see
+https://blog.rubygems.org/2022/06/13/making-packages-more-secure.html
+
+Mandatory 2FA will eventually be extended to all rubygems.org developers and
+maintainers. As I can not use 2FA, for reasons I will skip explaining here,
+this means that my projects will eventually be removed, as I no longer
+have any control over my projects hosted on rubygems.org (because I
+can not use 2FA).
+
+At that point, I no longer have any control what is done to my projects
+since whoever is controlling the gems ecosystem took away our control
+here. I am not sure at which point ruby became corporate-controlled -
+that was not the case several years ago, so something has
+changed.
+
+Ruby also only allows 2FA users to participate on the issue tracker these
+days:
+
+  https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18800
+
+But this has been reverted some months ago, so it is no longer applicable.
+Suffice to say that I do not think that we should only be allowed to
+interact on the world wide web when some 'authority' authenticated us,
+such as via mandatory 2FA, so I hope this won't come back again.
+
+Fighting spam is a noble goal, but when it also means you lock out
+real human people then this is definitely NOT a good situation
+to be had.
+