passenger 5.0.9 → 5.0.10

data/ext/common/ApplicationPool2/Group/SessionManagement.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+/*
+ *  Phusion Passenger - https://www.phusionpassenger.com/
+ *  Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Phusion
+ *
+ *  "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ *  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ *  THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include <ApplicationPool2/Group.h>
+
+/*************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Session management functions for ApplicationPool2::Group
+ *
+ *************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Passenger {
+namespace ApplicationPool2 {
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace boost;
+
+
+/****************************
+ *
+ * Private methods
+ *
+ ****************************/
+
+
+/* Determines which process to route a get() action to. The returned process
+ * is guaranteed to be `canBeRoutedTo()`, i.e. not totally busy.
+ *
+ * A request is routed to an enabled processes, or if there are none,
+ * from a disabling process. The rationale is as follows:
+ * If there are no enabled process, then waiting for one to spawn is too
+ * expensive. The next best thing is to route to disabling processes
+ * until more processes have been spawned.
+ */
+Group::RouteResult
+Group::route(const Options &options) const {
+	if (OXT_LIKELY(enabledCount > 0)) {
+		if (options.stickySessionId == 0) {
+			Process *process = findEnabledProcessWithLowestBusyness();
+			if (process->canBeRoutedTo()) {
+				return RouteResult(process);
+			} else {
+				return RouteResult(NULL, true);
+			}
+		} else {
+			Process *process = findProcessWithStickySessionIdOrLowestBusyness(
+				options.stickySessionId);
+			if (process != NULL) {
+				if (process->canBeRoutedTo()) {
+					return RouteResult(process);
+				} else {
+					return RouteResult(NULL, false);
+				}
+			} else {
+				return RouteResult(NULL, true);
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		Process *process = findProcessWithLowestBusyness(disablingProcesses);
+		if (process->canBeRoutedTo()) {
+			return RouteResult(process);
+		} else {
+			return RouteResult(NULL, true);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+SessionPtr
+Group::newSession(Process *process, unsigned long long now) {
+	bool wasTotallyBusy = process->isTotallyBusy();
+	SessionPtr session = process->newSession(now);
+	session->onInitiateFailure = _onSessionInitiateFailure;
+	session->onClose   = _onSessionClose;
+	if (process->enabled == Process::ENABLED) {
+		enabledProcessBusynessLevels[process->getIndex()] = process->busyness();
+		if (!wasTotallyBusy && process->isTotallyBusy()) {
+			nEnabledProcessesTotallyBusy++;
+		}
+	}
+	return session;
+}
+
+void
+Group::_onSessionInitiateFailure(Session *session) {
+	Process *process = session->getProcess();
+	assert(process != NULL);
+	process->getGroup()->onSessionInitiateFailure(process, session);
+}
+
+void
+Group::_onSessionClose(Session *session) {
+	Process *process = session->getProcess();
+	assert(process != NULL);
+	process->getGroup()->onSessionClose(process, session);
+}
+
+OXT_FORCE_INLINE void
+Group::onSessionInitiateFailure(Process *process, Session *session) {
+	boost::container::vector<Callback> actions;
+
+	TRACE_POINT();
+	// Standard resource management boilerplate stuff...
+	Pool *pool = getPool();
+	boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(pool->syncher);
+	assert(process->isAlive());
+	assert(isAlive() || getLifeStatus() == SHUTTING_DOWN);
+
+	UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+	P_DEBUG("Could not initiate a session with process " <<
+		process->inspect() << ", detaching from pool if possible");
+	if (!pool->detachProcessUnlocked(process->shared_from_this(), actions)) {
+		P_DEBUG("Process was already detached");
+	}
+	pool->fullVerifyInvariants();
+	lock.unlock();
+	runAllActions(actions);
+}
+
+OXT_FORCE_INLINE void
+Group::onSessionClose(Process *process, Session *session) {
+	TRACE_POINT();
+	// Standard resource management boilerplate stuff...
+	Pool *pool = getPool();
+	boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(pool->syncher);
+	assert(process->isAlive());
+	assert(isAlive() || getLifeStatus() == SHUTTING_DOWN);
+
+	P_TRACE(2, "Session closed for process " << process->inspect());
+	verifyInvariants();
+	UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+
+	/* Update statistics. */
+	bool wasTotallyBusy = process->isTotallyBusy();
+	process->sessionClosed(session);
+	assert(process->getLifeStatus() == Process::ALIVE);
+	assert(process->enabled == Process::ENABLED
+		|| process->enabled == Process::DISABLING
+		|| process->enabled == Process::DETACHED);
+	if (process->enabled == Process::ENABLED) {
+		enabledProcessBusynessLevels[process->getIndex()] = process->busyness();
+		if (wasTotallyBusy) {
+			assert(nEnabledProcessesTotallyBusy >= 1);
+			nEnabledProcessesTotallyBusy--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* This group now has a process that's guaranteed to be not
+	 * totally busy.
+	 */
+	assert(!process->isTotallyBusy());
+
+	bool detachingBecauseOfMaxRequests = false;
+	bool detachingBecauseCapacityNeeded = false;
+	bool shouldDetach =
+		( detachingBecauseOfMaxRequests = (
+			options.maxRequests > 0
+			&& process->processed >= options.maxRequests
+		)) || (
+			detachingBecauseCapacityNeeded = (
+				process->sessions == 0
+				&& getWaitlist.empty()
+				&& (
+					!pool->getWaitlist.empty()
+					|| anotherGroupIsWaitingForCapacity()
+				)
+			)
+		);
+	bool shouldDisable =
+		process->enabled == Process::DISABLING
+		&& process->sessions == 0
+		&& enabledCount > 0;
+
+	if (shouldDetach || shouldDisable) {
+		UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+		boost::container::vector<Callback> actions;
+
+		if (shouldDetach) {
+			if (detachingBecauseCapacityNeeded) {
+				/* Someone might be trying to get() a session for a different
+				 * group that couldn't be spawned because of lack of pool capacity.
+				 * If this group isn't under sufficiently load (as apparent by the
+				 * checked conditions) then now's a good time to detach
+				 * this process or group in order to free capacity.
+				 */
+				P_DEBUG("Process " << process->inspect() << " is no longer totally "
+					"busy; detaching it in order to make room in the pool");
+			} else {
+				/* This process has processed its maximum number of requests,
+				 * so we detach it.
+				 */
+				P_DEBUG("Process " << process->inspect() <<
+					" has reached its maximum number of requests (" <<
+					options.maxRequests << "); detaching it");
+			}
+			pool->detachProcessUnlocked(process->shared_from_this(), actions);
+		} else {
+			ProcessPtr processPtr = process->shared_from_this();
+			removeProcessFromList(processPtr, disablingProcesses);
+			addProcessToList(processPtr, disabledProcesses);
+			removeFromDisableWaitlist(processPtr, DR_SUCCESS, actions);
+			maybeInitiateOobw(process);
+		}
+
+		pool->fullVerifyInvariants();
+		lock.unlock();
+		runAllActions(actions);
+
+	} else {
+		UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+
+		// This could change process->enabled.
+		maybeInitiateOobw(process);
+
+		if (!getWaitlist.empty() && process->enabled == Process::ENABLED) {
+			/* If there are clients on this group waiting for a process to
+			 * become available then call them now.
+			 */
+			UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+			// Already calls verifyInvariants().
+			assignSessionsToGetWaitersQuickly(lock);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/****************************
+ *
+ * Public methods
+ *
+ ****************************/
+
+
+SessionPtr
+Group::get(const Options &newOptions, const GetCallback &callback,
+	boost::container::vector<Callback> &postLockActions)
+{
+	assert(isAlive());
+
+	if (OXT_LIKELY(!restarting())) {
+		if (OXT_UNLIKELY(needsRestart(newOptions))) {
+			restart(newOptions);
+		} else {
+			mergeOptions(newOptions);
+		}
+		if (OXT_UNLIKELY(!newOptions.noop && shouldSpawnForGetAction())) {
+			// If we're trying to spawn the first process for this group, and
+			// spawning failed because the pool is at full capacity, then we
+			// try to kill some random idle process in the pool and try again.
+			if (spawn() == SR_ERR_POOL_AT_FULL_CAPACITY && enabledCount == 0) {
+				P_INFO("Unable to spawn the the sole process for group " << info.name <<
+					" because the max pool size has been reached. Trying " <<
+					"to shutdown another idle process to free capacity...");
+				if (poolForceFreeCapacity(this, postLockActions) != NULL) {
+					SpawnResult result = spawn();
+					assert(result == SR_OK);
+					(void) result;
+				} else {
+					P_INFO("There are no processes right now that are eligible "
+						"for shutdown. Will try again later.");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (OXT_UNLIKELY(newOptions.noop)) {
+		return nullProcess->createSessionObject((Socket *) NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (OXT_UNLIKELY(enabledCount == 0)) {
+		/* We don't have any processes yet, but they're on the way.
+		 *
+		 * We have some choices here. If there are disabling processes
+		 * then we generally want to use them, except:
+		 * - When non-rolling restarting because those disabling processes
+		 *   are from the old version.
+		 * - When all disabling processes are totally busy.
+		 *
+		 * Whenever a disabling process cannot be used, call the callback
+		 * after a process has been spawned or has failed to spawn, or
+		 * when a disabling process becomes available.
+		 */
+		assert(m_spawning || restarting() || poolAtFullCapacity());
+
+		if (disablingCount > 0 && !restarting()) {
+			Process *process = findProcessWithLowestBusyness(disablingProcesses);
+			assert(process != NULL);
+			if (!process->isTotallyBusy()) {
+				return newSession(process, newOptions.currentTime);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (pushGetWaiter(newOptions, callback, postLockActions)) {
+			P_DEBUG("No session checked out yet: group is spawning or restarting");
+		}
+		return SessionPtr();
+	} else {
+		RouteResult result = route(newOptions);
+		if (result.process == NULL) {
+			/* Looks like all processes are totally busy.
+			 * Wait until a new one has been spawned or until
+			 * resources have become free.
+			 */
+			if (pushGetWaiter(newOptions, callback, postLockActions)) {
+				P_DEBUG("No session checked out yet: all processes are at full capacity");
+			}
+			return SessionPtr();
+		} else {
+			P_DEBUG("Session checked out from process " << result.process->inspect());
+			return newSession(result.process, newOptions.currentTime);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+} // namespace ApplicationPool2
+} // namespace Passenger

data/ext/common/ApplicationPool2/Group/SpawningAndRestarting.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+/*
+ *  Phusion Passenger - https://www.phusionpassenger.com/
+ *  Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Phusion
+ *
+ *  "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ *  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ *  THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include <ApplicationPool2/Group.h>
+
+/*************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Session management functions for ApplicationPool2::Group
+ *
+ *************************************************************************/
+
+namespace Passenger {
+namespace ApplicationPool2 {
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace boost;
+
+
+/****************************
+ *
+ * Private methods
+ *
+ ****************************/
+
+
+// The 'self' parameter is for keeping the current Group object alive while this thread is running.
+void
+Group::spawnThreadMain(GroupPtr self, SpawningKit::SpawnerPtr spawner,
+	Options options, unsigned int restartsInitiated)
+{
+	spawnThreadRealMain(spawner, options, restartsInitiated);
+}
+
+void
+Group::spawnThreadRealMain(const SpawningKit::SpawnerPtr &spawner,
+	const Options &options, unsigned int restartsInitiated)
+{
+	TRACE_POINT();
+	this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+	this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+
+	Pool *pool = getPool();
+	Pool::DebugSupportPtr debug = pool->debugSupport;
+
+	bool done = false;
+	while (!done) {
+		bool shouldFail = false;
+		if (debug != NULL && debug->spawning) {
+			UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+			this_thread::restore_interruption ri(di);
+			this_thread::restore_syscall_interruption rsi(dsi);
+			this_thread::interruption_point();
+			string iteration;
+			{
+				LockGuard g(debug->syncher);
+				debug->spawnLoopIteration++;
+				iteration = toString(debug->spawnLoopIteration);
+			}
+			P_DEBUG("Begin spawn loop iteration " << iteration);
+			debug->debugger->send("Begin spawn loop iteration " +
+				iteration);
+
+			vector<string> cases;
+			cases.push_back("Proceed with spawn loop iteration " + iteration);
+			cases.push_back("Fail spawn loop iteration " + iteration);
+			MessagePtr message = debug->messages->recvAny(cases);
+			shouldFail = message->name == "Fail spawn loop iteration " + iteration;
+		}
+
+		ProcessPtr process;
+		ExceptionPtr exception;
+		try {
+			UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+			this_thread::restore_interruption ri(di);
+			this_thread::restore_syscall_interruption rsi(dsi);
+			if (shouldFail) {
+				SpawnException e("Simulated failure");
+				processAndLogNewSpawnException(e, options, pool->getSpawningKitConfig());
+				throw e;
+			} else {
+				process = createProcessObject(spawner->spawn(options));
+			}
+		} catch (const thread_interrupted &) {
+			break;
+		} catch (const tracable_exception &e) {
+			exception = copyException(e);
+			// Let other (unexpected) exceptions crash the program so
+			// gdb can generate a backtrace.
+		}
+
+		UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+		ScopeGuard guard(boost::bind(Process::forceTriggerShutdownAndCleanup, process));
+		boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> lock(pool->syncher);
+
+		if (!isAlive()) {
+			if (process != NULL) {
+				P_DEBUG("Group is being shut down so dropping process " <<
+					process->inspect() << " which we just spawned and exiting spawn loop");
+			} else {
+				P_DEBUG("The group is being shut down. A process failed "
+					"to be spawned anyway, so ignoring this error and exiting "
+					"spawn loop");
+			}
+			// We stop immediately because any previously assumed invariants
+			// may have been violated.
+			break;
+		} else if (restartsInitiated != this->restartsInitiated) {
+			if (process != NULL) {
+				P_DEBUG("A restart was issued for the group, so dropping process " <<
+					process->inspect() << " which we just spawned and exiting spawn loop");
+			} else {
+				P_DEBUG("A restart was issued for the group. A process failed "
+					"to be spawned anyway, so ignoring this error and exiting "
+					"spawn loop");
+			}
+			// We stop immediately because any previously assumed invariants
+			// may have been violated.
+			break;
+		}
+
+		verifyInvariants();
+		assert(m_spawning);
+		assert(processesBeingSpawned > 0);
+
+		processesBeingSpawned--;
+		assert(processesBeingSpawned == 0);
+
+		UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+		boost::container::vector<Callback> actions;
+		if (process != NULL) {
+			AttachResult result = attach(process, actions);
+			if (result == AR_OK) {
+				guard.clear();
+				if (getWaitlist.empty()) {
+					pool->assignSessionsToGetWaiters(actions);
+				} else {
+					assignSessionsToGetWaiters(actions);
+				}
+				P_DEBUG("New process count = " << enabledCount <<
+					", remaining get waiters = " << getWaitlist.size());
+			} else {
+				done = true;
+				P_DEBUG("Unable to attach spawned process " << process->inspect());
+				if (result == AR_ANOTHER_GROUP_IS_WAITING_FOR_CAPACITY) {
+					pool->possiblySpawnMoreProcessesForExistingGroups();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// TODO: sure this is the best thing? if there are
+			// processes currently alive we should just use them.
+			if (enabledCount == 0) {
+				enableAllDisablingProcesses(actions);
+			}
+			Pool::assignExceptionToGetWaiters(getWaitlist, exception, actions);
+			pool->assignSessionsToGetWaiters(actions);
+			done = true;
+		}
+
+		done = done
+			|| (processLowerLimitsSatisfied() && getWaitlist.empty())
+			|| processUpperLimitsReached()
+			|| pool->atFullCapacityUnlocked();
+		m_spawning = !done;
+		if (done) {
+			P_DEBUG("Spawn loop done");
+		} else {
+			processesBeingSpawned++;
+			P_DEBUG("Continue spawning");
+		}
+
+		UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+		pool->fullVerifyInvariants();
+		lock.unlock();
+		UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+		runAllActions(actions);
+		UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+	}
+
+	if (debug != NULL && debug->spawning) {
+		debug->debugger->send("Spawn loop done");
+	}
+}
+
+// The 'self' parameter is for keeping the current Group object alive while this thread is running.
+void
+Group::finalizeRestart(GroupPtr self,
+	Options oldOptions,
+	Options newOptions, RestartMethod method,
+	SpawningKit::FactoryPtr spawningKitFactory,
+	unsigned int restartsInitiated,
+	boost::container::vector<Callback> postLockActions)
+{
+	TRACE_POINT();
+
+	Pool::runAllActions(postLockActions);
+	postLockActions.clear();
+
+	this_thread::disable_interruption di;
+	this_thread::disable_syscall_interruption dsi;
+
+	// Create a new spawner.
+	Options spawnerOptions = oldOptions;
+	resetOptions(newOptions, &spawnerOptions);
+	SpawningKit::SpawnerPtr newSpawner = spawningKitFactory->create(spawnerOptions);
+	SpawningKit::SpawnerPtr oldSpawner;
+
+	UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+	Pool *pool = getPool();
+
+	Pool::DebugSupportPtr debug = pool->debugSupport;
+	if (debug != NULL && debug->restarting) {
+		this_thread::restore_interruption ri(di);
+		this_thread::restore_syscall_interruption rsi(dsi);
+		this_thread::interruption_point();
+		debug->debugger->send("About to end restarting");
+		debug->messages->recv("Finish restarting");
+	}
+
+	ScopedLock l(pool->syncher);
+	if (!isAlive()) {
+		P_DEBUG("Group " << getName() << " is shutting down, so aborting restart");
+		return;
+	}
+	if (restartsInitiated != this->restartsInitiated) {
+		// Before this restart could be finalized, another restart command was given.
+		// The spawner we just created might be out of date now so we abort.
+		P_DEBUG("Restart of group " << getName() << " aborted because a new restart was initiated concurrently");
+		if (debug != NULL && debug->restarting) {
+			debug->debugger->send("Restarting aborted");
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Run some sanity checks.
+	pool->fullVerifyInvariants();
+	assert(m_restarting);
+	UPDATE_TRACE_POINT();
+
+	// Atomically swap the new spawner with the old one.
+	resetOptions(newOptions);
+	oldSpawner = spawner;
+	spawner    = newSpawner;
+
+	m_restarting = false;
+	if (shouldSpawn()) {
+		spawn();
+	} else if (isWaitingForCapacity()) {
+		P_INFO("Group " << getName() << " is waiting for capacity to become available. "
+			"Trying to shutdown another idle process to free capacity...");
+		if (pool->forceFreeCapacity(this, postLockActions) != NULL) {
+			spawn();
+		} else {
+			P_INFO("There are no processes right now that are eligible "
+				"for shutdown. Will try again later.");
+		}
+	}
+	verifyInvariants();
+
+	l.unlock();
+	oldSpawner.reset();
+	Pool::runAllActions(postLockActions);
+	P_DEBUG("Restart of group " << getName() << " done");
+	if (debug != NULL && debug->restarting) {
+		debug->debugger->send("Restarting done");
+	}
+}
+
+
+/****************************
+ *
+ * Public methods
+ *
+ ****************************/
+
+
+void
+Group::restart(const Options &options, RestartMethod method) {
+	boost::container::vector<Callback> actions;
+
+	assert(isAlive());
+	P_DEBUG("Restarting group " << getName());
+
+	// If there is currently a restarter thread or a spawner thread active,
+	// the following tells them to abort their current work as soon as possible.
+	restartsInitiated++;
+
+	processesBeingSpawned = 0;
+	m_spawning   = false;
+	m_restarting = true;
+	uuid         = generateUuid(pool);
+	detachAll(actions);
+	getPool()->interruptableThreads.create_thread(
+		boost::bind(&Group::finalizeRestart, this, shared_from_this(),
+			this->options.copyAndPersist().clearPerRequestFields(),
+			options.copyAndPersist().clearPerRequestFields(),
+			method, getContext()->getSpawningKitFactory(),
+			restartsInitiated, actions),
+		"Group restarter: " + getName(),
+		POOL_HELPER_THREAD_STACK_SIZE
+	);
+}
+
+bool
+Group::restarting() const {
+	return m_restarting;
+}
+
+bool
+Group::needsRestart(const Options &options) {
+	if (m_restarting) {
+		return false;
+	} else {
+		time_t now;
+		struct stat buf;
+
+		if (options.currentTime != 0) {
+			now = options.currentTime / 1000000;
+		} else {
+			now = SystemTime::get();
+		}
+
+		if (lastRestartFileCheckTime == 0) {
+			// First time we call needsRestart() for this group.
+			if (syscalls::stat(restartFile.c_str(), &buf) == 0) {
+				lastRestartFileMtime = buf.st_mtime;
+			} else {
+				lastRestartFileMtime = 0;
+			}
+			lastRestartFileCheckTime = now;
+			return false;
+
+		} else if (lastRestartFileCheckTime <= now - (time_t) options.statThrottleRate) {
+			// Not first time we call needsRestart() for this group.
+			// Stat throttle time has passed.
+			bool restart;
+
+			lastRestartFileCheckTime = now;
+
+			if (lastRestartFileMtime > 0) {
+				// restart.txt existed before
+				if (syscalls::stat(restartFile.c_str(), &buf) == -1) {
+					// restart.txt no longer exists
+					lastRestartFileMtime = buf.st_mtime;
+					restart = false;
+				} else if (buf.st_mtime != lastRestartFileMtime) {
+					// restart.txt's mtime has changed
+					lastRestartFileMtime = buf.st_mtime;
+					restart = true;
+				} else {
+					restart = false;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// restart.txt didn't exist before
+				if (syscalls::stat(restartFile.c_str(), &buf) == 0) {
+					// restart.txt now exists
+					lastRestartFileMtime = buf.st_mtime;
+					restart = true;
+				} else {
+					// restart.txt still doesn't exist
+					lastRestartFileMtime = 0;
+					restart = false;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (!restart) {
+				alwaysRestartFileExists = restart =
+					syscalls::stat(alwaysRestartFile.c_str(), &buf) == 0;
+			}
+
+			return restart;
+
+		} else {
+			// Not first time we call needsRestart() for this group.
+			// Still within stat throttling window.
+			if (alwaysRestartFileExists) {
+				// always_restart.txt existed before
+				alwaysRestartFileExists = syscalls::stat(
+					alwaysRestartFile.c_str(), &buf) == 0;
+				return alwaysRestartFileExists;
+			} else {
+				// Don't check until stat throttling window is over
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attempts to increase the number of processes by one, while respecting the
+ * resource limits. That is, this method will ensure that there are at least
+ * `minProcesses` processes, but no more than `maxProcesses` processes, and no
+ * more than `pool->max` processes in the entire pool.
+ */
+SpawnResult
+Group::spawn() {
+	assert(isAlive());
+	if (m_spawning) {
+		return SR_IN_PROGRESS;
+	} else if (restarting()) {
+		return SR_ERR_RESTARTING;
+	} else if (processUpperLimitsReached()) {
+		return SR_ERR_GROUP_UPPER_LIMITS_REACHED;
+	} else if (poolAtFullCapacity()) {
+		return SR_ERR_POOL_AT_FULL_CAPACITY;
+	} else {
+		P_DEBUG("Requested spawning of new process for group " << info.name);
+		interruptableThreads.create_thread(
+			boost::bind(&Group::spawnThreadMain,
+				this, shared_from_this(), spawner,
+				options.copyAndPersist().clearPerRequestFields(),
+				restartsInitiated),
+			"Group process spawner: " + info.name,
+			POOL_HELPER_THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
+		m_spawning = true;
+		processesBeingSpawned++;
+		return SR_OK;
+	}
+}
+
+bool
+Group::spawning() const {
+	return m_spawning;
+}
+
+/** Whether a new process should be spawned for this group. */
+bool
+Group::shouldSpawn() const {
+	return allowSpawn()
+		&& (
+			!processLowerLimitsSatisfied()
+			|| allEnabledProcessesAreTotallyBusy()
+			|| !getWaitlist.empty()
+		);
+}
+
+/** Whether a new process should be spawned for this group in the
+ * specific case that another get action is to be performed.
+ */
+bool
+Group::shouldSpawnForGetAction() const {
+	return enabledCount == 0 || shouldSpawn();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether a new process is allowed to be spawned for this group,
+ * i.e. whether the upper processes limits have not been reached.
+ */
+bool
+Group::allowSpawn() const {
+	return isAlive()
+		&& !processUpperLimitsReached()
+		&& !poolAtFullCapacity();
+}
+
+
+} // namespace ApplicationPool2
+} // namespace Passenger