passenger 4.0.0.rc4 → 4.0.0.rc6

data/build/test_basics.rb

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ task 'test:install_deps' do
 	gem_install = PlatformInfo.gem_command + " install --no-rdoc --no-ri"
 	gem_install = "#{PlatformInfo.ruby_sudo_command} #{gem_install}" if boolean_option('SUDO')
 	sh "#{gem_install} rails -v 2.3.15"
-	sh "#{gem_install} bundler rspec mime-types daemon_controller json"
+	sh "#{gem_install} bundler rspec mime-types daemon_controller json rack"
 	if boolean_option('RAILS_BUNDLES', true)
 		sh "cd test/stub/rails3.0 && bundle install"
 		sh "cd test/stub/rails3.1 && bundle install"

data/dev/googlecode_upload.py

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2006, 2007 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+# Author: danderson@google.com (David Anderson)
+#
+# Script for uploading files to a Google Code project.
+#
+# This is intended to be both a useful script for people who want to
+# streamline project uploads and a reference implementation for
+# uploading files to Google Code projects.
+#
+# To upload a file to Google Code, you need to provide a path to the
+# file on your local machine, a small summary of what the file is, a
+# project name, and a valid account that is a member or owner of that
+# project.  You can optionally provide a list of labels that apply to
+# the file.  The file will be uploaded under the same name that it has
+# in your local filesystem (that is, the "basename" or last path
+# component).  Run the script with '--help' to get the exact syntax
+# and available options.
+#
+# Note that the upload script requests that you enter your
+# googlecode.com password.  This is NOT your Gmail account password!
+# This is the password you use on googlecode.com for committing to
+# Subversion and uploading files.  You can find your password by going
+# to http://code.google.com/hosting/settings when logged in with your
+# Gmail account. If you have already committed to your project's
+# Subversion repository, the script will automatically retrieve your
+# credentials from there (unless disabled, see the output of '--help'
+# for details).
+#
+# If you are looking at this script as a reference for implementing
+# your own Google Code file uploader, then you should take a look at
+# the upload() function, which is the meat of the uploader.  You
+# basically need to build a multipart/form-data POST request with the
+# right fields and send it to https://PROJECT.googlecode.com/files .
+# Authenticate the request using HTTP Basic authentication, as is
+# shown below.
+#
+# Licensed under the terms of the Apache Software License 2.0:
+#  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Questions, comments, feature requests and patches are most welcome.
+# Please direct all of these to the Google Code users group:
+#  http://groups.google.com/group/google-code-hosting
+
+"""Google Code file uploader script.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'danderson@google.com (David Anderson)'
+
+import httplib
+import os.path
+import optparse
+import getpass
+import base64
+import sys
+
+
+def upload(file, project_name, user_name, password, summary, labels=None):
+  """Upload a file to a Google Code project's file server.
+
+  Args:
+    file: The local path to the file.
+    project_name: The name of your project on Google Code.
+    user_name: Your Google account name.
+    password: The googlecode.com password for your account.
+              Note that this is NOT your global Google Account password!
+    summary: A small description for the file.
+    labels: an optional list of label strings with which to tag the file.
+
+  Returns: a tuple:
+    http_status: 201 if the upload succeeded, something else if an
+                 error occured.
+    http_reason: The human-readable string associated with http_status
+    file_url: If the upload succeeded, the URL of the file on Google
+              Code, None otherwise.
+  """
+  # The login is the user part of user@gmail.com. If the login provided
+  # is in the full user@domain form, strip it down.
+  if user_name.endswith('@gmail.com'):
+    user_name = user_name[:user_name.index('@gmail.com')]
+
+  form_fields = [('summary', summary)]
+  if labels is not None:
+    form_fields.extend([('label', l.strip()) for l in labels])
+
+  content_type, body = encode_upload_request(form_fields, file)
+
+  upload_host = '%s.googlecode.com' % project_name
+  upload_uri = '/files'
+  auth_token = base64.b64encode('%s:%s'% (user_name, password))
+  headers = {
+    'Authorization': 'Basic %s' % auth_token,
+    'User-Agent': 'Googlecode.com uploader v0.9.4',
+    'Content-Type': content_type,
+    }
+
+  server = httplib.HTTPSConnection(upload_host)
+  server.request('POST', upload_uri, body, headers)
+  resp = server.getresponse()
+  server.close()
+
+  if resp.status == 201:
+    location = resp.getheader('Location', None)
+  else:
+    location = None
+  return resp.status, resp.reason, location
+
+
+def encode_upload_request(fields, file_path):
+  """Encode the given fields and file into a multipart form body.
+
+  fields is a sequence of (name, value) pairs. file is the path of
+  the file to upload. The file will be uploaded to Google Code with
+  the same file name.
+
+  Returns: (content_type, body) ready for httplib.HTTP instance
+  """
+  BOUNDARY = '----------Googlecode_boundary_reindeer_flotilla'
+  CRLF = '\r\n'
+
+  body = []
+
+  # Add the metadata about the upload first
+  for key, value in fields:
+    body.extend(
+      ['--' + BOUNDARY,
+       'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key,
+       '',
+       value,
+       ])
+
+  # Now add the file itself
+  file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
+  f = open(file_path, 'rb')
+  file_content = f.read()
+  f.close()
+
+  body.extend(
+    ['--' + BOUNDARY,
+     'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filename"; filename="%s"'
+     % file_name,
+     # The upload server determines the mime-type, no need to set it.
+     'Content-Type: application/octet-stream',
+     '',
+     file_content,
+     ])
+
+  # Finalize the form body
+  body.extend(['--' + BOUNDARY + '--', ''])
+
+  return 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % BOUNDARY, CRLF.join(body)
+
+
+def upload_find_auth(file_path, project_name, summary, labels=None,
+                     user_name=None, password=None, tries=3):
+  """Find credentials and upload a file to a Google Code project's file server.
+
+  file_path, project_name, summary, and labels are passed as-is to upload.
+
+  Args:
+    file_path: The local path to the file.
+    project_name: The name of your project on Google Code.
+    summary: A small description for the file.
+    labels: an optional list of label strings with which to tag the file.
+    config_dir: Path to Subversion configuration directory, 'none', or None.
+    user_name: Your Google account name.
+    tries: How many attempts to make.
+  """
+  if user_name is None or password is None:
+    from netrc import netrc
+    try:
+      authenticators = netrc().authenticators("code.google.com")
+    except IOError as e:
+      sys.stderr.write(str(e) + "\n\n")
+      sys.stderr.write("It seems that you don't have ~/.netrc. You must " +
+        "configure this file so that this script can authenticate with " +
+        "Google Code. This file must contain your Google Code password " +
+        "(which is NOT your Google account password)! Please visit " +
+        "http://code.google.com/hosting/settings for instructions.\n")
+      sys.exit(1)
+    if authenticators:
+      if user_name is None:
+        user_name = authenticators[0]
+      if password is None:
+        password = authenticators[2]
+
+  while tries > 0:
+    if user_name is None:
+      # Read username if not specified or loaded from svn config, or on
+      # subsequent tries.
+      sys.stdout.write('Please enter your googlecode.com username: ')
+      sys.stdout.flush()
+      user_name = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
+    if password is None:
+      # Read password if not loaded from svn config, or on subsequent tries.
+      print 'Please enter your googlecode.com password.'
+      print '** Note that this is NOT your Gmail account password! **'
+      print 'It is the password you use to access Subversion repositories,'
+      print 'and can be found here: http://code.google.com/hosting/settings'
+      password = getpass.getpass()
+
+    status, reason, url = upload(file_path, project_name, user_name, password,
+                                 summary, labels)
+    # Returns 403 Forbidden instead of 401 Unauthorized for bad
+    # credentials as of 2007-07-17.
+    if status in [httplib.FORBIDDEN, httplib.UNAUTHORIZED]:
+      # Rest for another try.
+      user_name = password = None
+      tries = tries - 1
+    else:
+      # We're done.
+      break
+
+  return status, reason, url
+
+
+def main():
+  parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage='googlecode-upload.py -s SUMMARY '
+                                 '-p PROJECT [options] FILE')
+  parser.add_option('-s', '--summary', dest='summary',
+                    help='Short description of the file')
+  parser.add_option('-p', '--project', dest='project',
+                    help='Google Code project name')
+  parser.add_option('-u', '--user', dest='user',
+                    help='Your Google Code username')
+  parser.add_option('-w', '--password', dest='password',
+                    help='Your Google Code password')
+  parser.add_option('-l', '--labels', dest='labels',
+                    help='An optional list of comma-separated labels to attach '
+                    'to the file')
+
+  options, args = parser.parse_args()
+
+  if not options.summary:
+    parser.error('File summary is missing.')
+  elif not options.project:
+    parser.error('Project name is missing.')
+  elif len(args) < 1:
+    parser.error('File to upload not provided.')
+  elif len(args) > 1:
+    parser.error('Only one file may be specified.')
+
+  file_path = args[0]
+
+  if options.labels:
+    labels = options.labels.split(',')
+  else:
+    labels = None
+
+  status, reason, url = upload_find_auth(file_path, options.project,
+                                         options.summary, labels,
+                                         options.user, options.password)
+  if url:
+    print 'The file was uploaded successfully.'
+    print 'URL: %s' % url
+    return 0
+  else:
+    print 'An error occurred. Your file was not uploaded.'
+    print 'Google Code upload server said: %s (%s)' % (reason, status)
+    return 1
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  sys.exit(main())

data/dev/run_travis.sh

@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@ if [[ "$TEST_RUBY_VERSION" != "" ]]; then
 	echo "$ rvm use $TEST_RUBY_VERSION"
 	source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
 	rvm use $TEST_RUBY_VERSION
+	if [[ "$TEST_RUBYGEMS_VERSION" = "" ]]; then
+		echo "$ gem --version"
+		gem --version
+	fi
+fi
+
+if [[ "$TEST_RUBYGEMS_VERSION" != "" ]]; then
+	echo "$ rvm install rubygems $TEST_RUBYGEMS_VERSION"
+	rvm install rubygems $TEST_RUBYGEMS_VERSION
 	echo "$ gem --version"
 	gem --version
 fi

data/doc/Users guide Apache.html

@@ -1111,15 +1111,23 @@ using the command line.</p></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_installing_or_upgrading_on_debian_6_or_ubuntu">2.4. Installing or upgrading on Debian 6 or Ubuntu</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_installing_or_upgrading_on_red_hat_fedora_centos_or_scientificlinux">2.5. Installing or upgrading on Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS or ScientificLinux</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_upgrading_from_open_source_to_enterprise">2.6. Upgrading from open source to Enterprise</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_non_interactive_automatic_headless_installs_or_upgrades">2.7. Non-interactive, automatic, headless installs or upgrades</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_customizing_the_compilation_process">2.8. Customizing the compilation process</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_setting_the_compiler">2.8.1. Setting the compiler</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags">2.8.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_forcing_location_of_certain_command_line_tools">2.8.3. Forcing location of certain command line tools</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#working_with_apache_conf">2.9. Working with the Apache configuration file</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_disabling_without_uninstalling">2.10. Disabling without uninstalling</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#uninstalling">2.11. Uninstalling</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#moving_phusion_passenger">2.12. Moving to a different directory</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_cryptographic_verification_of_installation_files">2.7. Cryptographic verification of installation files</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_synopsis_2">2.7.1. Synopsis</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_importing_the_phusion_software_signing_key">2.7.2. Importing the Phusion Software Signing key</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_verifying_the_phusion_software_signing_key">2.7.3. Verifying the Phusion Software Signing key</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_verifying_the_gem_and_tarball">2.7.4. Verifying the gem and tarball</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_verifying_git_signatures">2.7.5. Verifying Git signatures</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_verifying_deb_and_rpm_packages">2.7.6. Verifying DEB and RPM packages</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_revocation">2.7.7. Revocation</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_non_interactive_automatic_headless_installs_or_upgrades">2.8. Non-interactive, automatic, headless installs or upgrades</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_customizing_the_compilation_process">2.9. Customizing the compilation process</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_setting_the_compiler">2.9.1. Setting the compiler</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags">2.9.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_forcing_location_of_certain_command_line_tools">2.9.3. Forcing location of certain command line tools</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#working_with_apache_conf">2.10. Working with the Apache configuration file</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_disabling_without_uninstalling">2.11. Disabling without uninstalling</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#uninstalling">2.12. Uninstalling</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#moving_phusion_passenger">2.13. Moving to a different directory</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel2"><a href="#_deploying_a_ruby_on_rails_1_x_or_2_x_but_not_rails_gt_3_x_application">3. Deploying a Ruby on Rails 1.x or 2.x (but NOT Rails &gt;= 3.x) application</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root">3.1. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#deploying_rails_to_sub_uri">3.2. Deploying to a sub URI</a></div>
@@ -1144,59 +1152,60 @@ using the command line.</p></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_redeploying_restarting_the_wsgi_application">5.3. Redeploying (restarting the WSGI application)</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel2"><a href="#_configuring_phusion_passenger">6. Configuring Phusion Passenger</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_passengerroot_lt_directory_gt">6.1. PassengerRoot &lt;directory&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerRuby">6.2. PassengerRuby &lt;filename&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_passengerpython_lt_filename_gt">6.3. PassengerPython &lt;filename&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerAppRoot">6.4. PassengerAppRoot &lt;path/to/root&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerSpawnMethod">6.5. PassengerSpawnMethod &lt;string&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerEnabled">6.6. PassengerEnabled &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerTempDir">6.7. PassengerTempDir &lt;directory&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerUploadBufferDir">6.8. PassengerUploadBufferDir &lt;directory&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_passengerrestartdir_lt_directory_gt">6.9. PassengerRestartDir &lt;directory&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerBufferResponse">6.10. PassengerBufferResponse &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerRollingRestarts">6.11. PassengerRollingRestarts &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_passengerresistdeploymenterrors_lt_on_off_gt">6.12. PassengerResistDeploymentErrors &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_security_options">6.13. Security options</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerUserSwitching">6.13.1. PassengerUserSwitching &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengeruser_lt_username_gt">6.13.2. PassengerUser &lt;username&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengergroup_lt_group_name_gt">6.13.3. PassengerGroup &lt;group name&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">6.13.4. PassengerDefaultUser &lt;username&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerDefaultGroup">6.13.5. PassengerDefaultGroup &lt;group name&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerfriendlyerrorpages_lt_on_off_gt">6.13.6. PassengerFriendlyErrorPages &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_resource_control_and_optimization_options">6.14. Resource control and optimization options</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxpoolsize_lt_integer_gt">6.14.1. PassengerMaxPoolSize &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMinInstances">6.14.2. PassengerMinInstances &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxinstances_lt_integer_gt">6.14.3. PassengerMaxInstances &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxinstancesperapp_lt_integer_gt">6.14.4. PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerPoolIdleTime">6.14.5. PassengerPoolIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxpreloaderidletime_lt_integer_gt">6.14.6. PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerConcurrencyModel">6.14.7. PassengerConcurrencyModel &lt;process|thread&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerThreadCount">6.14.8. PassengerThreadCount &lt;number&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMaxRequests">6.14.9. PassengerMaxRequests &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMaxRequestTime">6.14.10. PassengerMaxRequestTime &lt;seconds&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMemoryLimit">6.14.11. PassengerMemoryLimit &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt">6.14.12. PassengerStatThrottleRate &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerPreStart">6.14.13. PassengerPreStart &lt;url&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerHighPerformance">6.14.14. PassengerHighPerformance &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_compatibility_options">6.15. Compatibility options</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot">6.15.1. PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerallowencodedslashes_lt_on_off_gt">6.15.2. PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_logging_and_debugging_options">6.16. Logging and debugging options</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerloglevel_lt_integer_gt">6.16.1. PassengerLogLevel &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerdebuglogfile_lt_filename_gt">6.16.2. PassengerDebugLogFile &lt;filename&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerdebugger_lt_on_off_gt">6.16.3. PassengerDebugger &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_classic_ruby_on_rails_8656_2_x_specific_options">6.17. Classic Ruby on Rails (⇐ 2.x)-specific options</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#RailsBaseURI">6.17.1. RailsBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#rails_env">6.17.2. RailsEnv &lt;string&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_rack_and_rails_gt_3_specific_options">6.18. Rack and Rails &gt;= 3 specific options</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#RackBaseURI">6.18.1. RackBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#rack_env">6.18.2. RackEnv &lt;string&gt;</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_deprecated_or_removed_options">6.19. Deprecated or removed options</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsruby">6.19.1. RailsRuby</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsuserswitching">6.19.2. RailsUserSwitching</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsdefaultuser">6.19.3. RailsDefaultUser</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsallowmodrewrite">6.19.4. RailsAllowModRewrite</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsspawnmethod">6.19.5. RailsSpawnMethod</a></div>
-<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsautodetect_rackautodetect_and_wsgiautodetect">6.19.6. RailsAutoDetect, RackAutoDetect and WsgiAutoDetect</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerDefaultRuby">6.2. PassengerDefaultRuby and PassengerRuby</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerRuby">6.3. PassengerRuby &lt;filename&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_passengerpython_lt_filename_gt">6.4. PassengerPython &lt;filename&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerAppRoot">6.5. PassengerAppRoot &lt;path/to/root&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerSpawnMethod">6.6. PassengerSpawnMethod &lt;string&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerEnabled">6.7. PassengerEnabled &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerTempDir">6.8. PassengerTempDir &lt;directory&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerUploadBufferDir">6.9. PassengerUploadBufferDir &lt;directory&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_passengerrestartdir_lt_directory_gt">6.10. PassengerRestartDir &lt;directory&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerBufferResponse">6.11. PassengerBufferResponse &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#PassengerRollingRestarts">6.12. PassengerRollingRestarts &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_passengerresistdeploymenterrors_lt_on_off_gt">6.13. PassengerResistDeploymentErrors &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_security_options">6.14. Security options</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerUserSwitching">6.14.1. PassengerUserSwitching &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengeruser_lt_username_gt">6.14.2. PassengerUser &lt;username&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengergroup_lt_group_name_gt">6.14.3. PassengerGroup &lt;group name&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">6.14.4. PassengerDefaultUser &lt;username&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerDefaultGroup">6.14.5. PassengerDefaultGroup &lt;group name&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerfriendlyerrorpages_lt_on_off_gt">6.14.6. PassengerFriendlyErrorPages &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_resource_control_and_optimization_options">6.15. Resource control and optimization options</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxpoolsize_lt_integer_gt">6.15.1. PassengerMaxPoolSize &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMinInstances">6.15.2. PassengerMinInstances &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxinstances_lt_integer_gt">6.15.3. PassengerMaxInstances &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxinstancesperapp_lt_integer_gt">6.15.4. PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerPoolIdleTime">6.15.5. PassengerPoolIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengermaxpreloaderidletime_lt_integer_gt">6.15.6. PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerConcurrencyModel">6.15.7. PassengerConcurrencyModel &lt;process|thread&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerThreadCount">6.15.8. PassengerThreadCount &lt;number&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMaxRequests">6.15.9. PassengerMaxRequests &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMaxRequestTime">6.15.10. PassengerMaxRequestTime &lt;seconds&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerMemoryLimit">6.15.11. PassengerMemoryLimit &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt">6.15.12. PassengerStatThrottleRate &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerPreStart">6.15.13. PassengerPreStart &lt;url&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerHighPerformance">6.15.14. PassengerHighPerformance &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_compatibility_options">6.16. Compatibility options</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot">6.16.1. PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerallowencodedslashes_lt_on_off_gt">6.16.2. PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_logging_and_debugging_options">6.17. Logging and debugging options</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerloglevel_lt_integer_gt">6.17.1. PassengerLogLevel &lt;integer&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerdebuglogfile_lt_filename_gt">6.17.2. PassengerDebugLogFile &lt;filename&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_passengerdebugger_lt_on_off_gt">6.17.3. PassengerDebugger &lt;on|off&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_classic_ruby_on_rails_8656_2_x_specific_options">6.18. Classic Ruby on Rails (⇐ 2.x)-specific options</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#RailsBaseURI">6.18.1. RailsBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#rails_env">6.18.2. RailsEnv &lt;string&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_rack_and_rails_gt_3_specific_options">6.19. Rack and Rails &gt;= 3 specific options</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#RackBaseURI">6.19.1. RackBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#rack_env">6.19.2. RackEnv &lt;string&gt;</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_deprecated_or_removed_options">6.20. Deprecated or removed options</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsruby">6.20.1. RailsRuby</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsuserswitching">6.20.2. RailsUserSwitching</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsdefaultuser">6.20.3. RailsDefaultUser</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsallowmodrewrite">6.20.4. RailsAllowModRewrite</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsspawnmethod">6.20.5. RailsSpawnMethod</a></div>
+<div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_railsautodetect_rackautodetect_and_wsgiautodetect">6.20.6. RailsAutoDetect, RackAutoDetect and WsgiAutoDetect</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel2"><a href="#troubleshooting">7. Troubleshooting</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel3"><a href="#_operating_system_specific_problems">7.1. Operating system-specific problems</a></div>
 <div class="foo toclevel4"><a href="#_macos_x_the_installer_cannot_locate_mamp_8217_s_apache">7.1.1. MacOS X: The installer cannot locate MAMP’s Apache</a></div>
@@ -1665,8 +1674,26 @@ sudo apt-get update</pre>
 <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_installing_or_upgrading_on_red_hat_fedora_centos_or_scientificlinux"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="installing-or-upgrading-on-red-hat-fedora-centos-or-scientificlinux-1y5ie8b" data-anchor="_installing_or_upgrading_on_red_hat_fedora_centos_or_scientificlinux">2.5. Installing or upgrading on Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS or ScientificLinux</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>YUM repositories with RPMs are maintained by <a href="https://github.com/erikogan/passenger">Erik Ogan</a> and <a href="http://stealthymonkeys.com/">Stealthy Monkeys Consulting</a>. Only packages for the open source version of Phusion Passenger are provided. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a> customers should use the <a href="#rubygems_generic_install">generic RubyGems installation method</a> or <a href="#tarball_generic_install">the generic tarball installation method</a> instead.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you use YUM to install Phusion Passenger then you do not need to run <span class="monospaced">passenger-install-apache2-module</span> or <span class="monospaced">passenger-install-nginx-module</span>. The YUM packages contain all the binaries that you need. You also don’t need to modify any Apache or Nginx configuration to get them to load Phusion Passenger, the packages provide configuration snippets for you as well.</p></div>
-<span class="anchor_helper" id="_step_1_install_the_release_package"></span><h4 class="float" data-anchor="_step_1_install_the_release_package">Step 1: Install the release package</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The easiest way to install Phusion Passenger and keep it up to date is to install the passenger-release package from the <a href="http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/">main repository</a>.</p></div>
+<span class="anchor_helper" id="_step_1_import_the_stealthy_monkeys_consulting_8217_s_gpg_key"></span><h4 class="float" data-anchor="_step_1_import_the_stealthy_monkeys_consulting_8217_s_gpg_key">Step 1: Import the Stealthy Monkeys Consulting’s GPG key</h4>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>rpm --import http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-stealthymonkeys.asc</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<span class="anchor_helper" id="_step_2_install_the_release_package"></span><h4 class="float" data-anchor="_step_2_install_the_release_package">Step 2: Install the release package</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Install the passenger-release package from the <a href="http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/">main repository</a>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Fedora Core 17:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>yum install http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/fedora/17/passenger-release.noarch.rpm</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Fedora Core 16:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>yum install http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/fedora/16/passenger-release.noarch.rpm</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Fedora Core 15:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content monospaced">
@@ -1679,19 +1706,19 @@ sudo apt-get update</pre>
 <pre>yum install http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/fedora/14/passenger-release.noarch.rpm</pre>
 </div>
 </div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>RHEL 5 / CentOS 5 / ScientificLinux 5: (Note: these packages depend on <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL">EPEL</a>.)</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>RHEL 6 / CentOS 6 / ScientificLinux 6: (Note: these packages depend on <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL">EPEL</a>.)</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content monospaced">
-<pre>rpm -Uvh http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/rhel/5/passenger-release.noarch.rpm</pre>
+<pre>yum install http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/rhel/6/passenger-release.noarch.rpm</pre>
 </div>
 </div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>RHEL 6 / CentOS 6 / ScientificLinux 6:</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>RHEL 5 / CentOS 5 / ScientificLinux 5: (Note: these packages depend on <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL">EPEL</a>.)</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content monospaced">
-<pre>yum install http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/rhel/6/passenger-release.noarch.rpm</pre>
+<pre>rpm -Uvh http://passenger.stealthymonkeys.com/rhel/5/passenger-release.noarch.rpm</pre>
 </div>
 </div>
-<span class="anchor_helper" id="_step_2_use_yum"></span><h4 class="float" data-anchor="_step_2_use_yum">Step 2: Use YUM</h4>
+<span class="anchor_helper" id="_step_3_install_the_right_phusion_passenger_package"></span><h4 class="float" data-anchor="_step_3_install_the_right_phusion_passenger_package">Step 3: Install the right Phusion Passenger package</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>From there you can use <a href="http://prefetch.net/articles/yum.html">YUM</a> to install packages. For example, try one of these:</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger for Apache:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
@@ -1733,13 +1760,115 @@ Install the Enterprise version by following one of the installation guides in th
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The uninstallation is necessary because the Enterprise Ruby gem has a different gem name (<em>passenger-enterprise-server</em> instead of <em>passenger</em>), but the same administration command names (e.g. <span class="monospaced">passenger-status</span>). Uninstalling the open source version avoids any conflicts.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_non_interactive_automatic_headless_installs_or_upgrades"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="non-interactive-automatic-headless-installs-or-upgrades-1arnxii" data-anchor="_non_interactive_automatic_headless_installs_or_upgrades">2.7. Non-interactive, automatic, headless installs or upgrades</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_cryptographic_verification_of_installation_files"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="cryptographic-verification-of-installation-files-ed3r9v" data-anchor="_cryptographic_verification_of_installation_files">2.7. Cryptographic verification of installation files</h3>
+<div class="sect3">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_synopsis_2"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="synopsis-uwnz2o" data-anchor="_synopsis_2">2.7.1. Synopsis</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>We digitally sign various files with our GPG key so that you can check whether they’re legit, i.e. whether they really came from Phusion and haven’t been tampered with by a third party. We apply signing since the open source version 4.0.0 RC 4, or the Enterprise version 4.0.0 RC 1.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_importing_the_phusion_software_signing_key"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="importing-the-phusion-software-signing-key-1x0rhv" data-anchor="_importing_the_phusion_software_signing_key">2.7.2. Importing the Phusion Software Signing key</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion’s GPG key for signing software is as follows:</p></div>
+<div class="literalblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>Phusion Software Signing (software-signing@phusion.nl)
+Short key ID: 0x0A212A8C
+Long key ID: 0x2AC745A50A212A8C
+Fingerprint: D5F0 8514 2693 9232 F437  AB72 2AC7 45A5 0A21 2A8C</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This key is stored at <a href="http://www.phusion.nl/about/gpg">the Phusion website</a> and at the key servers <a href="http://pool.sks-keyservers.net/pks/lookup?op=get&amp;search=0x2AC745A50A212A8C">sks-keyservers.net</a> and <a href="http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&amp;search=0x2AC745A50A212A8C">keyserver.ubuntu.com</a>. You can import it to your keyring with one of these command:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>gpg --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --search-keys 0x2AC745A50A212A8C
+# -OR-
+gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --search-keys 0x2AC745A50A212A8C</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The Phusion Software Signing key is only used for signing software. It’s never used for signing emails or for encrypting files, so please be suspicious if you encounter usage of this key outside the context of signing software, and alert us at <a href="mailto:support@phusion.nl">support@phusion.nl</a>. Include "notspam" in the message to bypass our spam filter.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The email address <a href="mailto:software-signing@phusion.nl">software-signing@phusion.nl</a> redirects to <a href="mailto:info@phusion.nl">info@phusion.nl</a> so it’s safe to send email there.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_verifying_the_phusion_software_signing_key"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="verifying-the-phusion-software-signing-key-10430lg" data-anchor="_verifying_the_phusion_software_signing_key">2.7.3. Verifying the Phusion Software Signing key</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The Phusion Software Signing key is also <strong>signed by the Phusion founders</strong>. Their keys are as follows:</p></div>
+<div class="literalblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>Hongli Lai (hongli@phusion.nl)
+Short key ID: 4B6F4332
+Long key ID: 06A131094B6F4332
+Fingerprint: 64E8 0420 FC6A 499F 9E1F  81FA 06A1 3109 4B6F 4332</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="literalblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>Ninh Bui (ninh@phusion.nl)
+Short key ID: 6FAF3782
+Long key ID: BA8DA3F46FAF3782
+Fingerprint: 353A 398C 49AF 5CD5 74A0  656C BA8D A3F4 6FAF 3782</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Both keys are stored at both sks-servers.net and keyserver.ubuntu.com. Import them with:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>gpg --keyserver pool.sks-servers.net --search-keys 0x06A131094B6F4332
+gpg --keyserver pool.sks-servers.net --search-keys 0xBA8DA3F46FAF3782
+# -OR-
+gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --search-keys 0x06A131094B6F4332
+gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --search-keys 0xBA8DA3F46FAF3782</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_verifying_the_gem_and_tarball"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="verifying-the-gem-and-tarball-1nf0uov" data-anchor="_verifying_the_gem_and_tarball">2.7.4. Verifying the gem and tarball</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>You can find the open source version’s gem and tarball GPG signatures at <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/signatures/">https://www.phusionpassenger.com/signatures/</a>. The Enterprise version’s GPG signatures can be found in the <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/orders">Customer Area</a>. All signatures have the <em>.asc</em> extension. Once you have imported our key, you can verify the validity of a file against its signature as follows:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>$ gpg --verify passenger-x.x.x.tar.gz.asc passenger-x.x.x.tar.gz
+gpg: Signature made Mon Mar 11 09:45:46 2013 CET using RSA key ID 0A212A8C
+gpg: Good signature from "Phusion Software Signing &lt;software-signing@phusion.nl&gt;"</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_verifying_git_signatures"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="verifying-git-signatures-oaafwd" data-anchor="_verifying_git_signatures">2.7.5. Verifying Git signatures</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Tags in the <a href="https://github.com/FooBarWidget/passenger">Git repository for the open source version</a> are also tagged. You can verify a Git tag as follows:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>$ git tag --verify release-x.x.x
+object d886f34b5705e4314feccaf0d77b9a38416e15e0
+type commit
+tag release-4.0.0.rc5
+tagger Hongli Lai (Phusion) &lt;hongli@phusion.nl&gt; 1362993117 +0100
+
+This is a tag message.
+gpg: Signature made Mon Mar 11 10:12:02 2013 CET using RSA key ID 0A212A8C
+gpg: Good signature from "Phusion Software Signing &lt;software-signing@phusion.nl&gt;"</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_verifying_deb_and_rpm_packages"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="verifying-deb-and-rpm-packages-vgtv04" data-anchor="_verifying_deb_and_rpm_packages">2.7.6. Verifying DEB and RPM packages</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The DEB and RPM packages are signed with the signatures of the respective packagers. Phusion does not provide signatures for them.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_revocation"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="revocation-4o01n2" data-anchor="_revocation">2.7.7. Revocation</h4>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the event our key is compromised, we will revoke the key and upload the revocation information to sks-servers.net and keyserver.ubuntu.com. However your system will not know about the revocation until you update the keys from the keyservers. You should update your keys regularly (e.g. once a week) by invoking:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>gpg --refresh-keys --keyserver pool.sks-servers.net
+# -OR-
+gpg --refresh-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_non_interactive_automatic_headless_installs_or_upgrades"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="non-interactive-automatic-headless-installs-or-upgrades-1arnxii" data-anchor="_non_interactive_automatic_headless_installs_or_upgrades">2.8. Non-interactive, automatic, headless installs or upgrades</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the installer (<span class="monospaced">passenger-install-apache2-module</span>) is interactive. If you want to automate installation then you can do so by passing <span class="monospaced">--auto</span> to the installer. See also <span class="monospaced">passenger-install-apache2-module --help</span> for more options.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_customizing_the_compilation_process"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="customizing-the-compilation-process-1sds3od" data-anchor="_customizing_the_compilation_process">2.8. Customizing the compilation process</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_customizing_the_compilation_process"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="customizing-the-compilation-process-1sds3od" data-anchor="_customizing_the_compilation_process">2.9. Customizing the compilation process</h3>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_setting_the_compiler"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="setting-the-compiler-1symq7h" data-anchor="_setting_the_compiler">2.8.1. Setting the compiler</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_setting_the_compiler"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="setting-the-compiler-1symq7h" data-anchor="_setting_the_compiler">2.9.1. Setting the compiler</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can force the Phusion Passenger build system to use a specific C or C++ compiler by setting the <span class="monospaced">CC</span> and <span class="monospaced">CXX</span> environment variables. These may be set to any arbitrary shell commands.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, contributors who want to hack on Phusion Passenger may want to use Clang for faster compilation and <a href="http://ccache.samba.org/">ccache</a> for faster recompilation, and may want to enable more error-catching compilation flags:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
@@ -1750,7 +1879,7 @@ export CXX='ccache clang++ -fcolor-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fcatch-undefi
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="adding-additional-compiler-or-linker-flags-wzu0ey" data-anchor="_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags">2.8.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="adding-additional-compiler-or-linker-flags-wzu0ey" data-anchor="_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags">2.9.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>On some systems, C/C++ libraries and headers that Phusion Passenger requires may be located in a non-standard directory. You can force the Phusion Passenger build system to look in those locations by injecting compiler and linker flags using the following environment variables:</p></div>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -1804,7 +1933,7 @@ export CXX='ccache clang++ -fcolor-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fcatch-undefi
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_forcing_location_of_certain_command_line_tools"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="forcing-location-of-certain-command-line-tools-1hym30u" data-anchor="_forcing_location_of_certain_command_line_tools">2.8.3. Forcing location of certain command line tools</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_forcing_location_of_certain_command_line_tools"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="forcing-location-of-certain-command-line-tools-1hym30u" data-anchor="_forcing_location_of_certain_command_line_tools">2.9.3. Forcing location of certain command line tools</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The Phusion Passenger build system attempts to autodetect many things by locating relevant helper tools. For example, to find out which compiler flags it should use for compiling Apache modules, it locates the <span class="monospaced">apxs2</span> command and queries it. To find out which compiler flags it should use for libcurl, it queries the <span class="monospaced">curl-config</span> command. These commands may not be in <span class="monospaced">$PATH</span>, or even when they are you may want to use a different one.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can often force the build to find certain command line tools at certain locations by using the following environment variables:</p></div>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
@@ -1860,7 +1989,7 @@ export CXX='ccache clang++ -fcolor-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fcatch-undefi
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="working_with_apache_conf"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="locating-the-apache-configuration-file-1fterqv" data-anchor="working_with_apache_conf">2.9. Working with the Apache configuration file</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="working_with_apache_conf"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="locating-the-apache-configuration-file-1fterqv" data-anchor="working_with_apache_conf">2.10. Working with the Apache configuration file</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>On most systems the Apache configuration file is located in either <em>/etc/apache2/httpd.conf</em> or <em>/etc/apache2/apache2.conf</em>. However, to allow better organization, many operating systems and Apache distributions also read configuration files in the <em>conf.d</em>, <em>mods-enabled</em> and <em>sites-enabled</em> subdirectories.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>mods-enabled</em> contains symlinks to files in <em>mods-available</em>. This latter subdirectory contains config files for all available modules, while <em>mods-enabled</em> contains only a subset, namely the modules that should actually be enabled. The symlinks are created using the <span class="monospaced">a2enmod</span> tool. <em><strong>.load</strong></em> files contain <span class="monospaced">LoadModule</span> directives, while <em>.conf</em> files contain all other configuration directives.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Use <em>mods-enabled</em>/<em>mods-available</em> to store Phusion Passenger configuration if you can:</p></div>
@@ -1885,7 +2014,7 @@ Enable by running <span class="monospaced">sudo a2enmod passenger</span>.
 <div class="paragraph"><p>On OS X Server &gt;= 10.8 Mountain Lion the location of the Apache configuration file depends on whether you use Web Services or not. If you do, then the configuration file is in <em>/Library/Server/Web/Config/apache2/httpd_server_app.conf</em>. If you do not, then the configuration file is in <em>/etc/apache2/httpd.conf</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_disabling_without_uninstalling"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="unloading-disabling-phusion-passenger-from-apache-without-uninstalling-it-s1axnx" data-anchor="_disabling_without_uninstalling">2.10. Disabling without uninstalling</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_disabling_without_uninstalling"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="unloading-disabling-phusion-passenger-from-apache-without-uninstalling-it-s1axnx" data-anchor="_disabling_without_uninstalling">2.11. Disabling without uninstalling</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can temporarily unload (disable) Phusion Passenger from the web server, without
 uninstalling the Phusion Passenger files, so that the web server behaves as if Phusion
 Passenger was never installed in the first place. This might be useful to you if -
@@ -1917,8 +2046,8 @@ NameVirtualHosts *:80
 
 LoadModule passenger_module /somewhere/passenger-x.x.x/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so
 
-PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby
 PassengerRoot /somewhere/passenger/x.x.x
+PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/bin/ruby
 PassengerMaxPoolSize 10
 
 &lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
@@ -1937,8 +2066,8 @@ NameVirtualHosts *:80
 
 # LoadModule passenger_module /somewhere/passenger-x.x.x/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so
 
-# PassengerRuby /usr/bin/ruby
 # PassengerRoot /somewhere/passenger/x.x.x
+# PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/bin/ruby
 # PassengerMaxPoolSize 10
 
 &lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
@@ -1951,7 +2080,7 @@ NameVirtualHosts *:80
 <div class="paragraph"><p>After you’ve done this, save the configuration file and restart the web server.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="uninstalling"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="uninstalling-phusion-passenger-1qb4ssq" data-anchor="uninstalling">2.11. Uninstalling</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="uninstalling"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="uninstalling-phusion-passenger-1qb4ssq" data-anchor="uninstalling">2.12. Uninstalling</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>To uninstall Phusion Passenger, please first remove all Phusion Passenger
 configuration directives from your web server configuration file(s). After you’ve
 done this, you need to remove the Phusion Passenger files.</p></div>
@@ -1977,7 +2106,7 @@ If you installed Phusion Passenger through APT or YUM, then use them to uninstal
 </ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="moving_phusion_passenger"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="moving-to-a-different-directory-1n0gkwh" data-anchor="moving_phusion_passenger">2.12. Moving to a different directory</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="moving_phusion_passenger"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="moving-to-a-different-directory-1n0gkwh" data-anchor="moving_phusion_passenger">2.13. Moving to a different directory</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you installed Phusion Passenger through a tarball then you can move the Phusion Passenger directory to another location. This is not possible if you used any of the other installation methods.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>First, move the directory to whereever you like:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
@@ -2605,7 +2734,7 @@ $ some_awesome_editor passenger_wsgi.py
 $ cat passenger_wsgi.py
 def application(environ, start_response):
   start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
-  return ["hello world!\n"]</pre>
+  return [b"hello world!\n"]</pre>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Finally, we deploy it by adding the following configuration options to
@@ -2728,66 +2857,137 @@ this option as well. Please read
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This required option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerRuby"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerruby-filename--1r3fv73" data-anchor="PassengerRuby">6.2. PassengerRuby &lt;filename&gt;</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the Ruby interpreter to use.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Since version 4.0.0, this option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerDefaultRuby"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerdefaultruby-and-passengerruby-7zblp8" data-anchor="PassengerDefaultRuby">6.2. PassengerDefaultRuby and PassengerRuby</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Introduced in version 4.0.0.</strong></p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This option specifies the default Ruby interpreter to use for web apps as well as for all sorts of internal Phusion Passenger helper scripts, e.g. the one used by <a href="#PassengerPreStart">PassengerPreStart</a>. Please see <a href="#PassengerRuby">PassengerRuby</a> for more information, as well as how it relates to <a href="#PassengerRuby">PassengerRuby</a>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the global server configuration. The default value is <em>ruby</em>, meaning that the Ruby interpreter will be looked up according to the <span class="monospaced">PATH</span> environment variable.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerRuby"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerruby-filename--1r3fv73" data-anchor="PassengerRuby">6.3. PassengerRuby &lt;filename&gt;</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> and <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> directives specify the Ruby interpreter to use. Similarly, the <span class="monospaced">PassengerPython</span> directive is for specifying the Python interpreter.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The relationship between <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> and <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> is as follows:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
-In the global server configuration.
+<span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> may only occur in the global server configuration.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
-In a virtual host configuration block.
+<span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> may occur everywhere: in the global server configuration, in <span class="monospaced">&lt;VirtualHost&gt;</span>, in <span class="monospaced">&lt;Directory&gt;</span>, in <span class="monospaced">&lt;Location&gt;</span>, and in <em>.htaccess</em> if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span> is on.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
-In a <span class="monospaced">&lt;Directory&gt;</span> or <span class="monospaced">&lt;Location&gt;</span> block.
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span> is on.
+You don’t <strong>have</strong> to specify <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span>. In this case <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> is used as the Ruby interpreter. But if you do specify <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> then it will override <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> in that context. This allows you to use <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> to specify a different Ruby interpreter on a per-application basis.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to use a different Ruby interpreter for two different applications then you should define different <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> directives in different virtual host blocks.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>In versions prior to 4.0.0, only a single Ruby version is supported for the entire Apache instance, so <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> may only occur in the global server configuration.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The default value is <em>ruby</em>, meaning that the Ruby interpreter will be looked up according to the <span class="monospaced">PATH</span> environment variable.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger not only uses Ruby to run web apps, but also for running certain helper tools that are written in Ruby, e.g. the internal helper script used by <a href="#PassengerPreStart">PassengerPreStart</a>. These tools are always run using <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span>, never by <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span>. <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> is only used for running web apps.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The reason why <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> exists at all is because limitations in the Apache API prevents us from implementing the same behavior using only the <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> directive.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>There is no <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultPython</span> because there are no Phusion Passenger tools written in Python. As such, having <span class="monospaced">PassengerPython</span> is enough.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The following example illustrates how it works and how you can use these options to specify different Ruby/Python interpreters for different web apps.</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre># Use Ruby 1.8.7 by default.
+PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/bin/ruby1.8
+# Use Python 2.6 by default.
+PassengerPython /usr/bin/python2.6
+
+&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
+    # This Rails web app will use Ruby 1.8.7
+    ServerName www.foo.com
+    DocumentRoot /webapps/foo/public
+&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
+
+&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
+    # This Rails web app will use Ruby 1.9.3, as installed by RVM
+    PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3/ruby
+    ServerName www.bar.com
+    DocumentRoot /webapps/bar/public
+
+    # If you have a web app deployed in a sub-URI, customize
+    # PassengerRuby/PassengerPython inside a &lt;Location&gt; block.
+    # The web app under www.bar.com/blog will use JRuby 1.7.1
+    RackBaseURI /blog
+    &lt;Location /blog&gt;
+        PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/jruby-1.7.1/ruby
+    &lt;/Location&gt;
+&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;
+
+&lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
+    # This Flask web app will use Python 3.0
+    PassengerPython /usr/bin/python3.0
+    ServerName www.baz.com
+    DocumentRoot /webapps/baz/public
+&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<div class="title">RVM helper tool</div>
+<p>Phusion Passenger provides the <span class="monospaced">passenger-config --ruby-command</span> tool for figuring out the correct command for invoking a specific Ruby interpreter. This is especially useful for RVM users. Suppose that you have both Ruby 1.8.7 and Ruby 1.9.3 installed through RVM, and you want to know the correct commands for each Ruby interpreter.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>For this purpose we’ll want to invoke <span class="monospaced">passenger-config</span> using its full path, because each time you <span class="monospaced">rvm use</span> a different Ruby interpreter, RVM changes <span class="monospaced">$PATH</span>. If you did not install Phusion Passenger through the generic tarball installation method, then here’s how you can figure out where <span class="monospaced">passenger-config</span> is:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>$ which passenger-config
+/opt/passenger/bin/passenger-config</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Now, switch to all the RVM Ruby interpreters you want to use. In each interpreter, invoke <span class="monospaced">passenger-config --ruby-command</span>. For Ruby 1.8.7:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>$ rvm use 1.8.7
+$ /opt/passenger/bin/passenger-config --ruby-command
+passenger-config was invoked through the following Ruby interpreter:
+  Command: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby
+  Version: ruby 1.8.7 (2012-02-08 patchlevel 358) [universal-darwin12.0]
+  To use in Apache: PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby
+  To use in Nginx : passenger_ruby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby
+  To use with Standalone: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby /opt/passenger/bin/passenger start
+
+The following Ruby interpreter was found first in $PATH:
+  Command: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby
+  Version: ruby 1.8.7 (2012-02-08 patchlevel 358) [universal-darwin12.0]
+  To use in Apache: PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby
+  To use in Nginx : passenger_ruby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby
+  To use with Standalone: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.8.7-p358/ruby /opt/passenger/bin/passenger start
+
+## Notes for RVM users
+Do you want to know which command to use for a different Ruby interpreter? 'rvm use' that Ruby interpreter, then re-run 'passenger-config --ruby-command'.</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Then, for Ruby 1.9.3:</p></div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content monospaced">
+<pre>$ rvm use 1.9.3
+$ /opt/passenger/bin/passenger-config --ruby-command
+passenger-config was invoked through the following Ruby interpreter:
+  Command: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby
+  Version: ruby 1.9.3p392 (2013-02-22 revision 39386) [x86_64-darwin12.2.1]
+  To use in Apache: PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby
+  To use in Nginx : passenger_ruby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby
+  To use with Standalone: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby /opt/passenger/bin/passenger start
+
+The following Ruby interpreter was found first in $PATH:
+  Command: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby
+  Version: ruby 1.9.3p392 (2013-02-22 revision 39386) [x86_64-darwin12.2.1]
+  To use in Apache: PassengerRuby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby
+  To use in Nginx : passenger_ruby /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby
+  To use with Standalone: /usr/local/rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p392/ruby /opt/passenger/bin/passenger start
+
+## Notes for RVM users
+Do you want to know which command to use for a different Ruby interpreter? 'rvm use' that Ruby interpreter, then re-run 'passenger-config --ruby-command'.</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerpython_lt_filename_gt"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerpython-filename--1ssesv3" data-anchor="_passengerpython_lt_filename_gt">6.3. PassengerPython &lt;filename&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerpython_lt_filename_gt"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerpython-filename--1ssesv3" data-anchor="_passengerpython_lt_filename_gt">6.4. PassengerPython &lt;filename&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Introduced in version 4.0.0.</strong></p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the Python interpreter to use. It may occur in the following places:</p></div>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-In the global server configuration.
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-In a virtual host configuration block.
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-In a <span class="monospaced">&lt;Directory&gt;</span> or <span class="monospaced">&lt;Location&gt;</span> block.
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span> is on.
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to use a different Python interpreter for two different applications then you should define different <span class="monospaced">PassengerPython</span> directives in different virtual host blocks.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The default value is <em>python</em>, meaning that the Python interpreter will be looked up according to the <span class="monospaced">PATH</span> environment variable.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the Python interpreter to use. See <a href="#PassengerRuby">PassengerRuby</a> for more information. The default value is <em>python</em>, meaning that the Python interpreter will be looked up according to the <span class="monospaced">PATH</span> environment variable.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerAppRoot"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerapproot-path-to-root--uf24yd" data-anchor="PassengerAppRoot">6.4. PassengerAppRoot &lt;path/to/root&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerAppRoot"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerapproot-path-to-root--uf24yd" data-anchor="PassengerAppRoot">6.5. PassengerAppRoot &lt;path/to/root&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger assumes that the application’s root directory
 is the parent directory of the <em>public</em> directory. This option allows one to
 specify the application’s root independently from the DocumentRoot, which
@@ -2829,7 +3029,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerSpawnMethod"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerspawnmethod-string--sodg2y" data-anchor="PassengerSpawnMethod">6.5. PassengerSpawnMethod &lt;string&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerSpawnMethod"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerspawnmethod-string--sodg2y" data-anchor="PassengerSpawnMethod">6.6. PassengerSpawnMethod &lt;string&gt;</h3>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
@@ -2912,7 +3112,7 @@ In a virtual host configuration block.
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>smart-lv2</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerEnabled"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerenabled-on-off--74rzth" data-anchor="PassengerEnabled">6.6. PassengerEnabled &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerEnabled"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerenabled-on-off--74rzth" data-anchor="PassengerEnabled">6.7. PassengerEnabled &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>You can set this option to <em>off</em> to completely disable Phusion Passenger for
 a certain location. This is useful if, for example, you want to integrate a PHP
 application into the same virtual host as a Rails application.</p></div>
@@ -2959,7 +3159,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>.
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>on</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerTempDir"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengertempdir-directory--68h2ng" data-anchor="PassengerTempDir">6.7. PassengerTempDir &lt;directory&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerTempDir"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengertempdir-directory--68h2ng" data-anchor="PassengerTempDir">6.8. PassengerTempDir &lt;directory&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifies the directory that Phusion Passenger should use for storing temporary
 files. This includes things such as Unix socket files, buffered file uploads
 (see also <a href="#PassengerUploadBufferDir">PassengerUploadBufferDir</a>), etc.</p></div>
@@ -2988,7 +3188,7 @@ sudo -E passenger-status
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerUploadBufferDir"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengeruploadbufferdir-directory--kdr8at" data-anchor="PassengerUploadBufferDir">6.8. PassengerUploadBufferDir &lt;directory&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerUploadBufferDir"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengeruploadbufferdir-directory--kdr8at" data-anchor="PassengerUploadBufferDir">6.9. PassengerUploadBufferDir &lt;directory&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger buffers large file uploads to disk in order prevent slow file
 uploads from blocking web applications. By default, a subdirectory in the
 system’s temporary files directory (or a subdirectory in the directory specified
@@ -3031,7 +3231,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverrides Options</span>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerrestartdir_lt_directory_gt"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerrestartdir-directory--1fmhmv0" data-anchor="_passengerrestartdir_lt_directory_gt">6.9. PassengerRestartDir &lt;directory&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerrestartdir_lt_directory_gt"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerrestartdir-directory--1fmhmv0" data-anchor="_passengerrestartdir_lt_directory_gt">6.10. PassengerRestartDir &lt;directory&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>As described in the deployment chapters of this document, Phusion Passenger
 checks the file <em>tmp/restart.txt</em> in the applications'
 <a href="#application_root">root directory</a> for restarting applications. Sometimes it
@@ -3105,7 +3305,7 @@ allow the attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service.</p>
 directory that’s readable by Apache, but only writable by administrators.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerBufferResponse"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerbufferresponse-on-off--1y7ilka" data-anchor="PassengerBufferResponse">6.10. PassengerBufferResponse &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerBufferResponse"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerbufferresponse-on-off--1y7ilka" data-anchor="PassengerBufferResponse">6.11. PassengerBufferResponse &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>When turned on, application-generated responses are buffered by Apache. Buffering will
 happen in memory.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Before we proceed with explaining this configuration option, we want to state the following to avoid confusion. If you use Phusion Passenger for Apache, there are in fact two response buffering systems active:</p></div>
@@ -3206,7 +3406,7 @@ if responses can be huge. Because entire responses are buffered in memory when t
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerRollingRestarts"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerrollingrestarts" data-anchor="PassengerRollingRestarts">6.11. PassengerRollingRestarts &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerRollingRestarts"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerrollingrestarts" data-anchor="PassengerRollingRestarts">6.12. PassengerRollingRestarts &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 3.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Enables or disables support for rolling restarts. Normally when you
 restart an application (by touching restart.txt), Phusion Passenger would
@@ -3279,7 +3479,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>off</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerresistdeploymenterrors_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerresistdeploymenterrors" data-anchor="_passengerresistdeploymenterrors_lt_on_off_gt">6.12. PassengerResistDeploymentErrors &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerresistdeploymenterrors_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerresistdeploymenterrors" data-anchor="_passengerresistdeploymenterrors_lt_on_off_gt">6.13. PassengerResistDeploymentErrors &lt;on|off&gt;</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 3.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Enables or disables resistance against deployment errors.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you’ve upgraded your application and you’ve issues a command to restart it (by touching restart.txt), but the application code contains an error that prevents Phusion Passenger from successfully spawning a process (e.g. a syntax error). Phusion Passenger would normally display an error message in response to this.</p></div>
@@ -3329,15 +3529,15 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>off</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_security_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="security-options-1pb75ho" data-anchor="_security_options">6.13. Security options</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_security_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="security-options-1pb75ho" data-anchor="_security_options">6.14. Security options</h3>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerUserSwitching"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengeruserswitching" data-anchor="PassengerUserSwitching">6.13.1. PassengerUserSwitching &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerUserSwitching"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengeruserswitching" data-anchor="PassengerUserSwitching">6.14.1. PassengerUserSwitching &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Whether to enable <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a>.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
 The default value is <em>on</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengeruser_lt_username_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengeruser" data-anchor="_passengeruser_lt_username_gt">6.13.2. PassengerUser &lt;username&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengeruser_lt_username_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengeruser" data-anchor="_passengeruser_lt_username_gt">6.14.2. PassengerUser &lt;username&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a> is enabled, then Phusion Passenger will
 by default run the web application as the owner of the file <em>config/environment.rb</em>
 (for Rails apps) or <em>config.ru</em> (for Rack apps). This option allows you to override
@@ -3364,7 +3564,7 @@ In a <span class="monospaced">&lt;Directory&gt;</span> or <span class="monospace
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengergroup_lt_group_name_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengergroup" data-anchor="_passengergroup_lt_group_name_gt">6.13.3. PassengerGroup &lt;group name&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengergroup_lt_group_name_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengergroup" data-anchor="_passengergroup_lt_group_name_gt">6.14.3. PassengerGroup &lt;group name&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a> is enabled, then Phusion Passenger will
 by default run the web application as the primary group of the owner of the file
 <em>config/environment.rb</em> (for Rails apps) or <em>config.ru</em> (for Rack apps). This option
@@ -3393,7 +3593,7 @@ In a <span class="monospaced">&lt;Directory&gt;</span> or <span class="monospace
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerDefaultUser"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdefaultuser" data-anchor="PassengerDefaultUser">6.13.4. PassengerDefaultUser &lt;username&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerDefaultUser"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdefaultuser" data-anchor="PassengerDefaultUser">6.14.4. PassengerDefaultUser &lt;username&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger enables <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a> by default.
 This configuration option allows one to specify the user that applications must
 run as, if user switching fails or is disabled.</p></div>
@@ -3401,7 +3601,7 @@ run as, if user switching fails or is disabled.</p></div>
 The default value is <em>nobody</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerDefaultGroup"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdefaultgroup" data-anchor="PassengerDefaultGroup">6.13.5. PassengerDefaultGroup &lt;group name&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerDefaultGroup"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdefaultgroup" data-anchor="PassengerDefaultGroup">6.14.5. PassengerDefaultGroup &lt;group name&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger enables <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a> by default.
 This configuration option allows one to specify the group that applications must
 run as, if user switching fails or is disabled.</p></div>
@@ -3410,7 +3610,7 @@ The default value is the primary group of the user specifified by
 <a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">PassengerDefaultUser</a>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerfriendlyerrorpages_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerfriendlyerrorpages" data-anchor="_passengerfriendlyerrorpages_lt_on_off_gt">6.13.6. PassengerFriendlyErrorPages &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerfriendlyerrorpages_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerfriendlyerrorpages" data-anchor="_passengerfriendlyerrorpages_lt_on_off_gt">6.14.6. PassengerFriendlyErrorPages &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger can display friendly error pages whenever an application fails
 to start. This friendly error page presents the startup error message, some
 suggestions for solving the problem, and a backtrace. This feature is very useful
@@ -3445,36 +3645,19 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_resource_control_and_optimization_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="resource-control-and-optimization-options-zu2f7u" data-anchor="_resource_control_and_optimization_options">6.14. Resource control and optimization options</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_resource_control_and_optimization_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="resource-control-and-optimization-options-zu2f7u" data-anchor="_resource_control_and_optimization_options">6.15. Resource control and optimization options</h3>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxpoolsize_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxpoolsize-integer--am64q8" data-anchor="_passengermaxpoolsize_lt_integer_gt">6.14.1. PassengerMaxPoolSize &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxpoolsize_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxpoolsize-integer--am64q8" data-anchor="_passengermaxpoolsize_lt_integer_gt">6.15.1. PassengerMaxPoolSize &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of <a href="#application_process">application processes</a> that may
 simultaneously exist. A larger number results in higher memory usage,
-but improved ability to handle concurrent HTTP clients.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The optimal value depends on your system’s hardware and the server’s average
-load. You should experiment with different values. But generally speaking,
-the value should be at least equal to the number of CPUs (or CPU cores) that
-you have. If your system has 2 GB of RAM, then we recommend a value of <em>15</em>.
-If your system is a Virtual Private Server (VPS) and has about 256 MB RAM, and
-is also running other services such as MySQL, then we recommend a value of <em>2</em>.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If you find that your server is unable to handle the load on your Rails/Rack websites
-(i.e. running out of memory) then you should lower this value. (Though if your
-sites are really that popular, then you should strongly consider upgrading your
-hardware or getting more servers.)</p></div>
+but improves the ability to handle concurrent HTTP requests.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The optimal value depends on your system’s hardware and your workload. You can learn more at the Phusion article <a href="http://blog.phusion.nl/2013/03/12/tuning-phusion-passengers-concurrency-settings/">Tuning Phusion Passenger’s conurrency settings</a>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>If you find that your server is running out of memory then you should lower this value.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
 The default value is <em>6</em>.</p></div>
-<div class="admonitionblock">
-<table><tr>
-<td class="icon">
-<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
-</td>
-<td class="content">We strongly recommend you to <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">use Ruby Enterprise Edition</a>. This allows you to reduce the memory usage of your Ruby on Rails applications
-by about 33%, and it’s not hard to install.</td>
-</tr></table>
-</div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMinInstances"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermininstances-integer--wegq6b" data-anchor="PassengerMinInstances">6.14.2. PassengerMinInstances &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMinInstances"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermininstances-integer--wegq6b" data-anchor="PassengerMinInstances">6.15.2. PassengerMinInstances &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This specifies the minimum number of application processes that should exist for a
 given application. You should set this option to a
 non-zero value if you want to avoid potentially long startup times after a website
@@ -3545,7 +3728,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Limits</span> i
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>1</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxinstances_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxinstances" data-anchor="_passengermaxinstances_lt_integer_gt">6.14.3. PassengerMaxInstances &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxinstances_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxinstances" data-anchor="_passengermaxinstances_lt_integer_gt">6.15.3. PassengerMaxInstances &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 3.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of application processes that may simultaneously exist
 for an application. This helps to make sure that a single application
@@ -3586,7 +3769,7 @@ on the other hand will be free to spawn up to 10 processes if it gets a lot of t
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxinstancesperapp_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxinstancesperapp" data-anchor="_passengermaxinstancesperapp_lt_integer_gt">6.14.4. PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxinstancesperapp_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxinstancesperapp" data-anchor="_passengermaxinstancesperapp_lt_integer_gt">6.15.4. PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of application processes that may simultaneously exist
 for a single application. This helps to make sure that a single application
 will not occupy all available slots in the application pool.</p></div>
@@ -3639,7 +3822,7 @@ the pool unequally, according to each web application’s relative importance.</
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerPoolIdleTime"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerpoolidletime-integer--a3gunq" data-anchor="PassengerPoolIdleTime">6.14.5. PassengerPoolIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerPoolIdleTime"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerpoolidletime-integer--a3gunq" data-anchor="PassengerPoolIdleTime">6.15.5. PassengerPoolIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of seconds that an application process may be idle. That is,
 if an application process hasn’t received any traffic after the given number of
 seconds, then it will be shutdown in order to conserve memory.</p></div>
@@ -3661,7 +3844,7 @@ applications, each which must be available at all times.</p></div>
 The default value is <em>300</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxpreloaderidletime_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsappspawneridletime-integer--1awgog1" data-anchor="_passengermaxpreloaderidletime_lt_integer_gt">6.14.6. PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengermaxpreloaderidletime_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsappspawneridletime-integer--1awgog1" data-anchor="_passengermaxpreloaderidletime_lt_integer_gt">6.15.6. PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The ApplicationSpawner server (explained in <a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a>) has an idle timeout, just like the backend processes spawned by
 Phusion Passenger do. That is, it will automatically shutdown if it hasn’t done
 anything for a given period.</p></div>
@@ -3690,7 +3873,7 @@ In a virtual host configuration block.
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>300</em> (5 minutes).</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerConcurrencyModel"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerconcurrencymodel-process-thread--1eipofj" data-anchor="PassengerConcurrencyModel">6.14.7. PassengerConcurrencyModel &lt;process|thread&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerConcurrencyModel"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerconcurrencymodel-process-thread--1eipofj" data-anchor="PassengerConcurrencyModel">6.15.7. PassengerConcurrencyModel &lt;process|thread&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 4.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifies the I/O concurrency model that should be used for application processes. Phusion Passenger supports two concurrency models:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
@@ -3731,7 +3914,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>.
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>process</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerThreadCount"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerthreadcount-number--10jl64a" data-anchor="PassengerThreadCount">6.14.8. PassengerThreadCount &lt;number&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerThreadCount"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerthreadcount-number--10jl64a" data-anchor="PassengerThreadCount">6.15.8. PassengerThreadCount &lt;number&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 4.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifies the number of threads that Phusion Passenger should spawn per application process. This option only has effect if <a href="#PassengerConcurrencyModel">PassengerConcurrencyModel</a> is <em>thread</em>.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
@@ -3760,7 +3943,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>.
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>1</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMaxRequests"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxrequests-integer--17qkw9n" data-anchor="PassengerMaxRequests">6.14.9. PassengerMaxRequests &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMaxRequests"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxrequests-integer--17qkw9n" data-anchor="PassengerMaxRequests">6.15.9. PassengerMaxRequests &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of requests an application process will process. After
 serving that many requests, the application process will be shut down and
 Phusion Passenger will restart it. A value of 0 means that there is no maximum:
@@ -3808,7 +3991,7 @@ measure to avoid memory leaks.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMaxRequestTime"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxrequesttime-seconds--127v1i2" data-anchor="PassengerMaxRequestTime">6.14.10. PassengerMaxRequestTime &lt;seconds&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMaxRequestTime"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermaxrequesttime-seconds--127v1i2" data-anchor="PassengerMaxRequestTime">6.15.10. PassengerMaxRequestTime &lt;seconds&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 3.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum amount of time, in seconds, that an application process may take
 to process a request. If the request takes longer than this amount of time,
@@ -3877,7 +4060,7 @@ measure to avoid freezing applications.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMemoryLimit"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermemorylimit-integer--18irza1" data-anchor="PassengerMemoryLimit">6.14.11. PassengerMemoryLimit &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerMemoryLimit"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengermemorylimit-integer--18irza1" data-anchor="PassengerMemoryLimit">6.15.11. PassengerMemoryLimit &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 3.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum amount of memory that an application process may use, in megabytes.
 Once an application process has surpassed its memory limit, it will process
@@ -3942,7 +4125,7 @@ measure to avoid memory leaks.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerstatthrottlerate-integer--1dcfda3" data-anchor="_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt">6.14.12. PassengerStatThrottleRate &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerstatthrottlerate-integer--1dcfda3" data-anchor="_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt">6.15.12. PassengerStatThrottleRate &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger performs several filesystem checks (or, in
 programmers jargon, <em>stat() calls</em>) each time a request is processed:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
@@ -3994,7 +4177,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Limits</span> i
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerPreStart"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerprestart-url--1utb57k" data-anchor="PassengerPreStart">6.14.13. PassengerPreStart &lt;url&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerPreStart"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerprestart-url--1utb57k" data-anchor="PassengerPreStart">6.15.13. PassengerPreStart &lt;url&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger does not start any application processes until said
 web application is first accessed. The result is that the first visitor of said
 web application might experience a small delay as Phusion Passenger is starting
@@ -4232,7 +4415,7 @@ the request ending up at a different web server in the cluster.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerHighPerformance"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerhighperformance-on-off--nvfa86" data-anchor="PassengerHighPerformance">6.14.14. PassengerHighPerformance &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerHighPerformance"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerhighperformance-on-off--nvfa86" data-anchor="PassengerHighPerformance">6.15.14. PassengerHighPerformance &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger is compatible with mod_rewrite and most other
 Apache modules. However, a lot of effort is required in order to be compatible.
 If you turn <em>PassengerHighPerformance</em> to <em>on</em>, then Phusion Passenger will be
@@ -4316,9 +4499,9 @@ then you can enable high performance mode for a certain URL only. For example:</
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_compatibility_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="compatibility-options-8jve5a" data-anchor="_compatibility_options">6.15. Compatibility options</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_compatibility_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="compatibility-options-8jve5a" data-anchor="_compatibility_options">6.16. Compatibility options</h3>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerresolvesymlinksindocumentroot-on-off--1r0qcp8" data-anchor="PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot">6.15.1. PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerresolvesymlinksindocumentroot-on-off--1r0qcp8" data-anchor="PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot">6.16.1. PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Configures whether Phusion Passenger should resolve symlinks in the document root.
 Please refer to <a href="#application_detection">How Phusion Passenger detects whether a virtual host is a web application</a> for more information.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
@@ -4347,7 +4530,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. It is off by default.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerallowencodedslashes_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerallowencodedslashes-on-off--1y3s1ww" data-anchor="_passengerallowencodedslashes_lt_on_off_gt">6.15.2. PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerallowencodedslashes_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerallowencodedslashes-on-off--1y3s1ww" data-anchor="_passengerallowencodedslashes_lt_on_off_gt">6.16.2. PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Apache doesn’t support URLs with encoded slashes (%2f), e.g. URLs like
 this: <span class="monospaced">/users/fujikura%2fyuu</span>. If you access such an URL then Apache will return a
 404 Not Found error. This can be solved by turning on PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes
@@ -4416,9 +4599,9 @@ displaying maintenance.html will work fine even for URLs starting with "/users".
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_logging_and_debugging_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="logging-and-debugging-options-el2cuc" data-anchor="_logging_and_debugging_options">6.16. Logging and debugging options</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_logging_and_debugging_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="logging-and-debugging-options-el2cuc" data-anchor="_logging_and_debugging_options">6.17. Logging and debugging options</h3>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerloglevel_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerloglevel-integer--s3kbil" data-anchor="_passengerloglevel_lt_integer_gt">6.16.1. PassengerLogLevel &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerloglevel_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerloglevel-integer--s3kbil" data-anchor="_passengerloglevel_lt_integer_gt">6.17.1. PassengerLogLevel &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify how much information Phusion Passenger should
 write to the Apache error log file. A higher log level value means that more
 information will be logged.</p></div>
@@ -4451,14 +4634,14 @@ information will be logged.</p></div>
 The default is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerdebuglogfile_lt_filename_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdebuglogfile-filename--1wjm2j1" data-anchor="_passengerdebuglogfile_lt_filename_gt">6.16.2. PassengerDebugLogFile &lt;filename&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerdebuglogfile_lt_filename_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdebuglogfile-filename--1wjm2j1" data-anchor="_passengerdebuglogfile_lt_filename_gt">6.17.2. PassengerDebugLogFile &lt;filename&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default Phusion Passenger debugging and error messages are written to the global
 web server error log. This option allows one to specify the file that debugging and
 error messages should be written to instead.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerdebugger_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdebugger-on-off--19you7e" data-anchor="_passengerdebugger_lt_on_off_gt">6.16.3. PassengerDebugger &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerdebugger_lt_on_off_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerdebugger-on-off--19you7e" data-anchor="_passengerdebugger_lt_on_off_gt">6.17.3. PassengerDebugger &lt;on|off&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 3.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Turns support for application debugging on or off. In case of Ruby applications,
 turning this option on will cause them to load the <span class="monospaced">ruby-debug</span> gem (when on Ruby 1.8)
@@ -4498,11 +4681,11 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_classic_ruby_on_rails_8656_2_x_specific_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="ruby-on-rails-specific-options-1t10wfu" data-anchor="_classic_ruby_on_rails_8656_2_x_specific_options">6.17. Classic Ruby on Rails (⇐ 2.x)-specific options</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_classic_ruby_on_rails_8656_2_x_specific_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="ruby-on-rails-specific-options-1t10wfu" data-anchor="_classic_ruby_on_rails_8656_2_x_specific_options">6.18. Classic Ruby on Rails (⇐ 2.x)-specific options</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>These options only have effect on classic Ruby on Rails 1.x and 2.x applications.
 Ruby on Rails &gt;= 3.x applications are considered Rack applications.</p></div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="RailsBaseURI"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsbaseuri-uri--1txrw3k" data-anchor="RailsBaseURI">6.17.1. RailsBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="RailsBaseURI"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsbaseuri-uri--1txrw3k" data-anchor="RailsBaseURI">6.18.1. RailsBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Used to specify that the given URI is a Rails application. See
 <a href="#deploying_rails_to_sub_uri">Deploying Rails to a sub URI</a> for an example.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>It is allowed to specify this option multiple times. Do this to deploy multiple
@@ -4532,7 +4715,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 </ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="rails_env"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsenv-string--1b0xxvu" data-anchor="rails_env">6.17.2. RailsEnv &lt;string&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="rails_env"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsenv-string--1b0xxvu" data-anchor="rails_env">6.18.2. RailsEnv &lt;string&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the default <span class="monospaced">RAILS_ENV</span> value.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
@@ -4561,9 +4744,9 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_rack_and_rails_gt_3_specific_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="rack-specific-options-wk9qzt" data-anchor="_rack_and_rails_gt_3_specific_options">6.18. Rack and Rails &gt;= 3 specific options</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_rack_and_rails_gt_3_specific_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="rack-specific-options-wk9qzt" data-anchor="_rack_and_rails_gt_3_specific_options">6.19. Rack and Rails &gt;= 3 specific options</h3>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="RackBaseURI"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="rackbaseuri-uri--1to24pj" data-anchor="RackBaseURI">6.18.1. RackBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="RackBaseURI"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="rackbaseuri-uri--1to24pj" data-anchor="RackBaseURI">6.19.1. RackBaseURI &lt;uri&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Used to specify that the given URI is a Rack application. See
 <a href="#deploying_rack_to_sub_uri">Deploying Rack to a sub URI</a> for an example.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>It is allowed to specify this option multiple times. Do this to deploy multiple
@@ -4593,7 +4776,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 </ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="rack_env"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="rackenv-string--vve9py" data-anchor="rack_env">6.18.2. RackEnv &lt;string&gt;</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="rack_env"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="rackenv-string--vve9py" data-anchor="rack_env">6.19.2. RackEnv &lt;string&gt;</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The given value will be accessible in Rack applications in the <span class="monospaced">RACK_ENV</span>
 environment variable. This allows one to define the environment in which
 Rack applications are run, very similar to <span class="monospaced">RAILS_ENV</span>.</p></div>
@@ -4624,31 +4807,31 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect2">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_deprecated_or_removed_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="deprecated-options-pm9m57" data-anchor="_deprecated_or_removed_options">6.19. Deprecated or removed options</h3>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_deprecated_or_removed_options"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="deprecated-options-pm9m57" data-anchor="_deprecated_or_removed_options">6.20. Deprecated or removed options</h3>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following options have been deprecated, but are still supported for backwards
 compatibility reasons.</p></div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsruby"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsruby-ht09ei" data-anchor="_railsruby">6.19.1. RailsRuby</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsruby"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsruby-ht09ei" data-anchor="_railsruby">6.20.1. RailsRuby</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated in favor of <a href="#PassengerRuby">PassengerRuby</a>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsuserswitching"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsuserswitching-1npx8y4" data-anchor="_railsuserswitching">6.19.2. RailsUserSwitching</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsuserswitching"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsuserswitching-1npx8y4" data-anchor="_railsuserswitching">6.20.2. RailsUserSwitching</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated in favor of <a href="#PassengerUserSwitching">PassengerUserSwitching</a>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsdefaultuser"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsdefaultuser-19j7n3m" data-anchor="_railsdefaultuser">6.19.3. RailsDefaultUser</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsdefaultuser"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsdefaultuser-19j7n3m" data-anchor="_railsdefaultuser">6.20.3. RailsDefaultUser</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated in favor of <a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">PassengerDefaultUser</a>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsallowmodrewrite"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsallowmodrewrite-1vkziro" data-anchor="_railsallowmodrewrite">6.19.4. RailsAllowModRewrite</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsallowmodrewrite"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsallowmodrewrite-1vkziro" data-anchor="_railsallowmodrewrite">6.20.4. RailsAllowModRewrite</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option doesn’t do anything anymore in recent versions of Phusion Passenger.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsspawnmethod"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsspawnmethod-1aljgpa" data-anchor="_railsspawnmethod">6.19.5. RailsSpawnMethod</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsspawnmethod"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsspawnmethod-1aljgpa" data-anchor="_railsspawnmethod">6.20.5. RailsSpawnMethod</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated in favor of <a href="#PassengerSpawnMethod">PassengerSpawnMethod</a>.</p></div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect3">
-<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsautodetect_rackautodetect_and_wsgiautodetect"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsautodetect-rackautodetect-and-wsgiautodetect-1qgakzs" data-anchor="_railsautodetect_rackautodetect_and_wsgiautodetect">6.19.6. RailsAutoDetect, RackAutoDetect and WsgiAutoDetect</h4>
+<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_railsautodetect_rackautodetect_and_wsgiautodetect"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsautodetect-rackautodetect-and-wsgiautodetect-1qgakzs" data-anchor="_railsautodetect_rackautodetect_and_wsgiautodetect">6.20.6. RailsAutoDetect, RackAutoDetect and WsgiAutoDetect</h4>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>These options have been removed in version 4.0.0 as part of an optimization. You should use <a href="#PassengerEnabled">PassengerEnabled</a> instead.</p></div>
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@@ -6234,7 +6417,7 @@ has no effect.</p></div>
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-Last updated 2013-03-03 11:14:55 CET
+Last updated 2013-03-26 20:47:37 CET
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