passenger 2.1.2 → 2.1.3
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- data/Rakefile +7 -5
- data/doc/Architectural overview.html +729 -1
- data/doc/Architectural overview.txt +0 -5
- data/doc/Security of user switching support.html +605 -1
- data/doc/Users guide.html +110 -106
- data/doc/Users guide.txt +49 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/ApplicationPoolServer_8h-source.html +400 -372
- data/doc/cxxapi/ApplicationPool_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/Application_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/Bucket_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/CachedFileStat_8h-source.html +56 -65
- data/doc/cxxapi/Configuration_8h-source.html +40 -32
- data/doc/cxxapi/DirectoryMapper_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/DummySpawnManager_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/Exceptions_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/FileChecker_8h-source.html +29 -30
- data/doc/cxxapi/Hooks_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/Logging_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/MessageChannel_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/PoolOptions_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/SpawnManager_8h-source.html +225 -219
- data/doc/cxxapi/StandardApplicationPool_8h-source.html +451 -445
- data/doc/cxxapi/SystemTime_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/Utils_8h-source.html +201 -140
- data/doc/cxxapi/annotated.html +2 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classClient-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classClient.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classHooks-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classHooks.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPoolServer-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPoolServer.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ApplicationPool__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application_1_1Session-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1Application_1_1Session.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/{classPassenger_1_1TempFile-members.html → classPassenger_1_1BufferedUpload-members.html} +5 -5
- data/doc/cxxapi/{classPassenger_1_1TempFile.html → classPassenger_1_1BufferedUpload.html} +33 -43
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BusyException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1BusyException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ConfigurationException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1ConfigurationException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DirectoryMapper-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DirectoryMapper.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DummySpawnManager-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1DummySpawnManager.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileChecker-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileChecker.html +2 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileNotFoundException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1FileSystemException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1IOException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1MessageChannel-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1MessageChannel.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1RuntimeException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1RuntimeException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnManager-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SpawnManager.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1StandardApplicationPool__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemException__inherit__graph.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemTime-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/classPassenger_1_1SystemTime.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/definitions_8h-source.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/files.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions.html +12 -11
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_func.html +9 -7
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_type.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/functions_vars.html +2 -4
- data/doc/cxxapi/graph_legend.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/graph_legend.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Configuration.html +3 -3
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Configuration.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Core.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Core.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Exceptions.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Hooks.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Hooks.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/group__Support.html +33 -16
- data/doc/cxxapi/hierarchy.html +2 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__0.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__1.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__10.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__11.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.map +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__12.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.map +2 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__13.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__14.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__15.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__16.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__17.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__17.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__17.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__18.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__18.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__18.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__19.map +1 -2
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__19.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__19.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__2.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.map +2 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__20.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__21.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__3.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__4.png +0 -0
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- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__7.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__8.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.map +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.md5 +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherit__graph__9.png +0 -0
- data/doc/cxxapi/inherits.html +18 -18
- data/doc/cxxapi/main.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/modules.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString_3_01vector_3_01string_01_4_01_4-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1AnythingToString_3_01vector_3_01string_01_4_01_4.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1PoolOptions-members.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/structPassenger_1_1PoolOptions.html +1 -1
- data/doc/cxxapi/tree.html +4 -4
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/ConditionVariable.html +58 -58
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Exception.html +11 -11
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/GC.html +4 -4
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/IO.html +14 -14
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger.html +11 -11
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AdminTools.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/AdminTools/ControlProcess.html +40 -39
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Application.html +14 -14
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/HTMLTemplate.html +12 -12
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Railz.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PhusionPassenger/Utils.html +15 -8
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/PlatformInfo.html +257 -253
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/RakeExtensions.html +2 -2
- data/doc/rdoc/classes/Signal.html +26 -26
- data/doc/rdoc/created.rid +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/DEVELOPERS_TXT.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/README.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/ext/phusion_passenger/native_support_c.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_request_handler_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server_collection_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools/control_process_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/application_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/console_text_template_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/constants_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/dependencies_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/events_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/exceptions_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/html_template_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/message_channel_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/platform_info_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/request_handler_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/application_spawner_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/cgi_fixed_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/framework_spawner_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/railz/request_handler_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/simple_benchmarking_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/spawn_manager_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/utils_rb.html +9 -9
- data/doc/rdoc/files/lib/phusion_passenger/wsgi/application_spawner_rb.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/files/{lib → misc}/rake/extensions_rb.html +2 -2
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_file_index.html +1 -1
- data/doc/rdoc/fr_method_index.html +22 -22
- data/ext/apache2/ApplicationPoolServer.h +43 -15
- data/ext/apache2/ApplicationPoolServerExecutable.cpp +27 -52
- data/ext/apache2/CachedFileStat.h +7 -16
- data/ext/apache2/Configuration.h +9 -1
- data/ext/apache2/FileChecker.h +4 -5
- data/ext/apache2/Hooks.cpp +20 -22
- data/ext/apache2/SpawnManager.h +6 -0
- data/ext/apache2/StandardApplicationPool.h +6 -0
- data/ext/apache2/Utils.cpp +174 -16
- data/ext/apache2/Utils.h +99 -38
- data/ext/boost/cstdint.hpp +2 -1
- data/ext/oxt/system_calls.cpp +20 -2
- data/ext/oxt/system_calls.hpp +2 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_request_handler.rb +5 -1
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/admin_tools/control_process.rb +2 -1
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/dependencies.rb +7 -4
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/platform_info.rb +8 -2
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/version_not_found.html.erb +9 -0
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/utils.rb +13 -6
- data/lib/phusion_passenger/wsgi/application_spawner.rb +1 -1
- data/{lib → misc}/rake/cplusplus.rb +0 -0
- data/{lib → misc}/rake/extensions.rb +0 -0
- data/{lib → misc}/rake/gempackagetask.rb +0 -0
- data/{lib → misc}/rake/packagetask.rb +0 -0
- data/{lib → misc}/rake/rdoctask.rb +0 -0
- data/misc/render_error_pages.rb +6 -5
- data/test/CxxTestMain.cpp +109 -7
- data/test/UtilsTest.cpp +61 -51
- data/test/config.yml.example +6 -2
- data/test/integration_tests.rb +4 -0
- data/test/ruby/abstract_request_handler_spec.rb +9 -3
- data/test/ruby/rack/application_spawner_spec.rb +3 -2
- data/test/ruby/rails/application_spawner_spec.rb +15 -4
- data/test/ruby/rails/framework_spawner_spec.rb +4 -2
- data/test/ruby/rails/spawner_error_handling_spec.rb +4 -4
- data/test/ruby/spawn_manager_spec.rb +22 -9
- data/test/ruby/utils_spec.rb +18 -12
- data/test/ruby/wsgi/application_spawner_spec.rb +16 -7
- data/test/stub/apache2/httpd.conf.erb +1 -0
- data/test/stub/wsgi/passenger_wsgi.pyc +0 -0
- metadata +1064 -1090
- data/doc/Users guide Apache.html +0 -3127
- data/doc/Users guide Nginx.html +0 -1458
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
-
/*<+'])');
|
|
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|
-
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|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
431
|
-
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|
|
432
|
-
}
|
|
433
|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
435
|
-
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|
|
436
|
-
return result;
|
|
437
|
-
}
|
|
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|
-
|
|
439
|
-
// This function does the work. toclevels = 1..4.
|
|
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|
-
function generateToc(toclevels) {
|
|
441
|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
443
|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
446
|
-
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|
|
447
|
-
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|
|
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|
-
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|
|
449
|
-
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|
|
450
|
-
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|
|
451
|
-
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|
|
452
|
-
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|
|
453
|
-
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|
|
454
|
-
}
|
|
455
|
-
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|
|
456
|
-
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|
|
457
|
-
}
|
|
458
|
-
/*]]>*/
|
|
459
|
-
</script>
|
|
460
|
-
</head>
|
|
461
|
-
<body>
|
|
462
|
-
<div id="header">
|
|
463
|
-
<h1>Phusion Passenger users guide</h1>
|
|
464
|
-
<div id="toc">
|
|
465
|
-
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
|
|
466
|
-
<noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
|
|
467
|
-
</div>
|
|
468
|
-
</div>
|
|
469
|
-
<div id="preamble">
|
|
470
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
471
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
472
|
-
<a class="image" href="http://www.phusion.nl/">
|
|
473
|
-
<img src="images/phusion_banner.png" alt="images/phusion_banner.png" />
|
|
474
|
-
</a>
|
|
475
|
-
</span></p></div>
|
|
476
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is an Apache module, which makes deploying Ruby and Ruby on
|
|
477
|
-
Rails applications on Apache a breeze. It follows the usual Ruby on Rails
|
|
478
|
-
conventions, such as "Don’t-Repeat-Yourself" and ease of setup, while at the
|
|
479
|
-
same time providing enough flexibility.</p></div>
|
|
480
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This users guide will teach you:</p></div>
|
|
481
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
482
|
-
<li>
|
|
483
|
-
<p>
|
|
484
|
-
How to install Phusion Passenger.
|
|
485
|
-
</p>
|
|
486
|
-
</li>
|
|
487
|
-
<li>
|
|
488
|
-
<p>
|
|
489
|
-
How to configure Phusion Passenger.
|
|
490
|
-
</p>
|
|
491
|
-
</li>
|
|
492
|
-
<li>
|
|
493
|
-
<p>
|
|
494
|
-
How to deploy a Ruby on Rails application.
|
|
495
|
-
</p>
|
|
496
|
-
</li>
|
|
497
|
-
<li>
|
|
498
|
-
<p>
|
|
499
|
-
How to deploy a <a href="http://rack.rubyforge.org/">Rack</a>-based Ruby application.
|
|
500
|
-
</p>
|
|
501
|
-
</li>
|
|
502
|
-
<li>
|
|
503
|
-
<p>
|
|
504
|
-
How to solve common problems.
|
|
505
|
-
</p>
|
|
506
|
-
</li>
|
|
507
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
508
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This guide assumes that the reader is somewhat familiar with Apache and with
|
|
509
|
-
using the commandline.</p></div>
|
|
510
|
-
</div>
|
|
511
|
-
</div>
|
|
512
|
-
<h2 id="_supported_operating_systems">1. Supported operating systems</h2>
|
|
513
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
514
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger works on any POSIX-compliant operating system. In other
|
|
515
|
-
words: practically any operating system on earth, except Microsoft Windows.</p></div>
|
|
516
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger has been tested on:</p></div>
|
|
517
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
518
|
-
<li>
|
|
519
|
-
<p>
|
|
520
|
-
Ubuntu Linux 6.06 (x86)
|
|
521
|
-
</p>
|
|
522
|
-
</li>
|
|
523
|
-
<li>
|
|
524
|
-
<p>
|
|
525
|
-
Ubuntu Linux 7.10 (x86)
|
|
526
|
-
</p>
|
|
527
|
-
</li>
|
|
528
|
-
<li>
|
|
529
|
-
<p>
|
|
530
|
-
Ubuntu Linux 8.04 (x86)
|
|
531
|
-
</p>
|
|
532
|
-
</li>
|
|
533
|
-
<li>
|
|
534
|
-
<p>
|
|
535
|
-
Debian Sarge (x86)
|
|
536
|
-
</p>
|
|
537
|
-
</li>
|
|
538
|
-
<li>
|
|
539
|
-
<p>
|
|
540
|
-
Debian Etch (x86)
|
|
541
|
-
</p>
|
|
542
|
-
</li>
|
|
543
|
-
<li>
|
|
544
|
-
<p>
|
|
545
|
-
Debian Lenny/Sid (x86)
|
|
546
|
-
</p>
|
|
547
|
-
</li>
|
|
548
|
-
<li>
|
|
549
|
-
<p>
|
|
550
|
-
CentOS 5 (x86)
|
|
551
|
-
</p>
|
|
552
|
-
</li>
|
|
553
|
-
<li>
|
|
554
|
-
<p>
|
|
555
|
-
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (x86)
|
|
556
|
-
</p>
|
|
557
|
-
</li>
|
|
558
|
-
<li>
|
|
559
|
-
<p>
|
|
560
|
-
Gentoo, March 14 2008 (AMD64)
|
|
561
|
-
</p>
|
|
562
|
-
</li>
|
|
563
|
-
<li>
|
|
564
|
-
<p>
|
|
565
|
-
FreeBSD 6.1-RELEASE (x86)
|
|
566
|
-
</p>
|
|
567
|
-
</li>
|
|
568
|
-
<li>
|
|
569
|
-
<p>
|
|
570
|
-
MacOS X Tiger (x86)
|
|
571
|
-
</p>
|
|
572
|
-
</li>
|
|
573
|
-
<li>
|
|
574
|
-
<p>
|
|
575
|
-
MacOS X Leopard (x86)
|
|
576
|
-
</p>
|
|
577
|
-
</li>
|
|
578
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
579
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Other operating systems have not been tested, but Phusion Passenger will probably
|
|
580
|
-
work fine on them. Please
|
|
581
|
-
<a href="http://code.google.com/p/phusion-passenger/issues/list">report a bug</a>
|
|
582
|
-
or
|
|
583
|
-
<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/phusion-passenger">join our discussion list</a>
|
|
584
|
-
if it doesn’t.</p></div>
|
|
585
|
-
</div>
|
|
586
|
-
<h2 id="_installing_phusion_passenger">2. Installing Phusion Passenger</h2>
|
|
587
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
588
|
-
<h3 id="_generic_installation_instructions">2.1. Generic installation instructions</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
589
|
-
<h4 id="install_passenger">2.1.1. Overview of download and installation methods</h4>
|
|
590
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to install Phusion Passenger:</p></div>
|
|
591
|
-
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
592
|
-
<li>
|
|
593
|
-
<p>
|
|
594
|
-
By installing the Phusion Passenger gem, as instructed on the
|
|
595
|
-
<a href="http://www.modrails.com/install.html">“Install” page on the Phusion
|
|
596
|
-
Passenger website</a>.
|
|
597
|
-
</p>
|
|
598
|
-
</li>
|
|
599
|
-
<li>
|
|
600
|
-
<p>
|
|
601
|
-
By downloading a native Linux package (e.g. Debian package) from the
|
|
602
|
-
Phusion Passenger website.
|
|
603
|
-
</p>
|
|
604
|
-
</li>
|
|
605
|
-
<li>
|
|
606
|
-
<p>
|
|
607
|
-
By downloading the source tarball from the Phusion Passenger website
|
|
608
|
-
(<em>passenger-x.x.x.tar.gz</em>).
|
|
609
|
-
</p>
|
|
610
|
-
</li>
|
|
611
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
612
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In our opinion, installing the gem or the native package is easiest.</p></div>
|
|
613
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger provides an easy-to-use installer for installing the Phusion
|
|
614
|
-
Passenger Apache module (<em>mod_passenger</em>).</p></div>
|
|
615
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
616
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
617
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
618
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
619
|
-
</td>
|
|
620
|
-
<td class="content">You might have to run the installation commands in the following sections
|
|
621
|
-
as <em>root</em>. If the installer fails because of permission errors, it will tell
|
|
622
|
-
you.</td>
|
|
623
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
624
|
-
</div>
|
|
625
|
-
<h4 id="specifying_correct_apache_install">2.1.2. Specifying the correct Apache installation</h4>
|
|
626
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
627
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
628
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
629
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
630
|
-
</td>
|
|
631
|
-
<td class="content">You can skip this section if you’ve installed Phusion Passenger via a
|
|
632
|
-
native Linux package, because no compilation is necessary.</td>
|
|
633
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
634
|
-
</div>
|
|
635
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your system has multiple Apache installations (this is likely the case on
|
|
636
|
-
MacOS X), then you will need to tell the Phusion Passenger installer which one
|
|
637
|
-
to use. If you only have one Apache installation (the case on most Linux
|
|
638
|
-
systems), then you can skip this section because Phusion Passenger will
|
|
639
|
-
automatically detect it.</p></div>
|
|
640
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Every Apache installation has its own <tt>apxs</tt> program. You will need to tell
|
|
641
|
-
Phusion Passenger the location of this program, by specifying the <tt>APXS2</tt>
|
|
642
|
-
environment variable. Suppose that you want to use the Apache installation in
|
|
643
|
-
<em>/opt/apache2</em>. Then, assuming that the corresponding <tt>apxs</tt> program is located
|
|
644
|
-
<em>/opt/apache2/bin/apxs</em>, type:</p></div>
|
|
645
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
646
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
647
|
-
<pre><tt>export APXS2=/opt/apache2/bin/apxs</tt></pre>
|
|
648
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
649
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
650
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
651
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
652
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
653
|
-
</td>
|
|
654
|
-
<td class="content">On some systems, the <tt>apxs</tt> program might be called <tt>apxs2</tt>, and it might
|
|
655
|
-
be located in the <tt>sbin</tt> folder instead of the <tt>bin</tt> folder.</td>
|
|
656
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
657
|
-
</div>
|
|
658
|
-
<h4 id="specifying_ruby_installation">2.1.3. Specifying the correct Ruby installation</h4>
|
|
659
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
660
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
661
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
662
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
663
|
-
</td>
|
|
664
|
-
<td class="content">You can skip this section if you’ve installed Phusion Passenger via a
|
|
665
|
-
native Linux package, because no compilation is necessary.</td>
|
|
666
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
667
|
-
</div>
|
|
668
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your system has multiple Ruby installations — which is likely the case on
|
|
669
|
-
MacOS X, or if you’ve also installed
|
|
670
|
-
<a href="http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com">Ruby Enterprise Edition</a> — then you
|
|
671
|
-
will need to tell the operating system which Ruby installation to use, prior to
|
|
672
|
-
running the Phusion Passenger installer. If you only have one Ruby installation
|
|
673
|
-
(the case on most Linux systems), then you can skip this section because Phusion
|
|
674
|
-
Passenger will automatically detect it.</p></div>
|
|
675
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>To specify a Ruby installation, prepend your Ruby installation’s <tt>bin</tt>
|
|
676
|
-
directory to the <tt>PATH</tt> environment variable. For example, if you have the
|
|
677
|
-
following Ruby installations:</p></div>
|
|
678
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
679
|
-
<li>
|
|
680
|
-
<p>
|
|
681
|
-
/usr/bin/ruby
|
|
682
|
-
</p>
|
|
683
|
-
</li>
|
|
684
|
-
<li>
|
|
685
|
-
<p>
|
|
686
|
-
/opt/myruby/bin/ruby
|
|
687
|
-
</p>
|
|
688
|
-
</li>
|
|
689
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
690
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>and you want to use the latter, then type:</p></div>
|
|
691
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
692
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
693
|
-
<pre><tt>export PATH=/opt/myruby/bin:$PATH</tt></pre>
|
|
694
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
695
|
-
<h4 id="_installing_via_the_gem">2.1.4. Installing via the gem</h4>
|
|
696
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please install the gem and then run the Phusion Passenger installer, by typing the
|
|
697
|
-
following commands:</p></div>
|
|
698
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
699
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
700
|
-
<pre><tt>gem install passenger-x.x.x.gem
|
|
701
|
-
passenger-install-apache2-module</tt></pre>
|
|
702
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
703
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please follow the instructions given by the installer.</p></div>
|
|
704
|
-
<h4 id="_installing_via_a_native_linux_package">2.1.5. Installing via a native Linux package</h4>
|
|
705
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>John Leach from Brightbox has kindly provided an Ubuntu Hardy package for Phusion Passenger. The package is available from the <a href="http://apt.brightbox.net">Brightbox repository</a>.</p></div>
|
|
706
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please install the native Linux package, e.g.:</p></div>
|
|
707
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
708
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
709
|
-
<pre><tt>sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.brightbox.net hardy main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/brightbox.list'
|
|
710
|
-
sudo sh -c 'wget -q -O - http://apt.brightbox.net/release.asc | apt-key add -'
|
|
711
|
-
sudo apt-get update
|
|
712
|
-
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-passenger</tt></pre>
|
|
713
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
714
|
-
<h4 id="_installing_via_the_source_tarball">2.1.6. Installing via the source tarball</h4>
|
|
715
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Extract the tarball to whatever location you prefer. <strong>The Phusion Passenger files
|
|
716
|
-
are to reside in that location permanently.</strong> For example, if you would like
|
|
717
|
-
Phusion Passenger to reside in <tt>/opt/passenger-x.x.x</tt>:</p></div>
|
|
718
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
719
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
720
|
-
<pre><tt>cd /opt
|
|
721
|
-
tar xzvf ~/YourDownloadsFolder/passenger-x.x.x.tar.gz</tt></pre>
|
|
722
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
723
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, run the included installer:</p></div>
|
|
724
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
725
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
726
|
-
<pre><tt>/opt/passenger-x.x.x/bin/passenger-install-apache2-module</tt></pre>
|
|
727
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
728
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please follow the instructions given by the installer.</p></div>
|
|
729
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
730
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
731
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
732
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/important.png" alt="Important" />
|
|
733
|
-
</td>
|
|
734
|
-
<td class="content">Please do not remove the <em>passenger-x.x.x</em> folder after
|
|
735
|
-
installation. Furthermore, the <em>passenger-x.x.x</em> folder must be accessible by Apache.</td>
|
|
736
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
737
|
-
</div>
|
|
738
|
-
<h3 id="_operating_system_specific_instructions_and_information">2.2. Operating system-specific instructions and information</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
739
|
-
<h4 id="_macos_x">2.2.1. MacOS X</h4>
|
|
740
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Ben Ruebenstein has written an excellent
|
|
741
|
-
<a href="http://benr75.com/articles/2008/04/12/setup-mod_rails-phusion-mac-os-x-leopard">tutorial
|
|
742
|
-
on installing Phusion Passenger on OS X</a>.</p></div>
|
|
743
|
-
<h4 id="_ubuntu_linux">2.2.2. Ubuntu Linux</h4>
|
|
744
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Ben Hughes has written an <a href="http://www.railsgarden.com/2008/04/12/configurating-passenger-mod_rails-on-slicehost-with-ubuntu-710/">article on installing Phusion Passenger on Ubuntu</a>.</p></div>
|
|
745
|
-
</div>
|
|
746
|
-
<h2 id="_deploying_a_ruby_on_rails_application">3. Deploying a Ruby on Rails application</h2>
|
|
747
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
748
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you have a Ruby on Rails application in <em>/webapps/mycook</em>, and you own
|
|
749
|
-
the domain <em>www.mycook.com</em>. You can either deploy your application to the
|
|
750
|
-
virtual host’s root (i.e. the application will be accessible from the root URL,
|
|
751
|
-
<em>http://www.mycook.com/</em>), or in a sub URI (i.e. the application will be
|
|
752
|
-
accessible from a sub URL, such as <em>http://www.mycook.com/railsapplication</em>).</p></div>
|
|
753
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
754
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
755
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
756
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
757
|
-
</td>
|
|
758
|
-
<td class="content">The default <tt>RAILS_ENV</tt> environment in which deployed Rails applications
|
|
759
|
-
are run, is “production”. You can change this by changing the
|
|
760
|
-
<a href="#rails_env"><em>RailsEnv</em></a> configuration option.</td>
|
|
761
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
762
|
-
</div>
|
|
763
|
-
<h3 id="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root">3.1. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
764
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Add a virtual host entry to your Apache configuration file. The virtual host’s
|
|
765
|
-
document root must point to your Ruby on Rails application’s <em>public</em> folder.
|
|
766
|
-
For example:</p></div>
|
|
767
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
768
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
769
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
770
|
-
ServerName www.mycook.com
|
|
771
|
-
DocumentRoot /webapps/mycook/public
|
|
772
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
773
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
774
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
775
|
-
<h3 id="deploying_rails_to_sub_uri">3.2. Deploying to a sub URI</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
776
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that you already have a virtual host:</p></div>
|
|
777
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
778
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
779
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
780
|
-
ServerName www.phusion.nl
|
|
781
|
-
DocumentRoot /websites/phusion
|
|
782
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
783
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
784
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>And you want your Ruby on Rails application to be accessible from the URL
|
|
785
|
-
<em>http://www.phusion.nl/rails</em>.</p></div>
|
|
786
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>To do this, make a symlink from your Ruby on Rails application’s <em>public</em>
|
|
787
|
-
folder to a directory in the document root. For example:</p></div>
|
|
788
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
789
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
790
|
-
<pre><tt>ln -s /webapps/mycook/public /websites/phusion/rails</tt></pre>
|
|
791
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
792
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, add a <a href="#RailsBaseURI">RailsBaseURI</a> option to the virtual host configuration:</p></div>
|
|
793
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
794
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
795
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
796
|
-
ServerName www.phusion.nl
|
|
797
|
-
DocumentRoot /websites/phusion
|
|
798
|
-
RailsBaseURI /rails # This line has been added.
|
|
799
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
800
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
801
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
802
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
803
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
804
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
805
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
806
|
-
</td>
|
|
807
|
-
<td class="content">
|
|
808
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can deploy multiple Rails applications under a virtual host, by specifying
|
|
809
|
-
<a href="#RailsBaseURI">RailsBaseURI</a> multiple times. For example:</p></div>
|
|
810
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
811
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
812
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
813
|
-
....
|
|
814
|
-
RailsBaseURI /app1
|
|
815
|
-
RailsBaseURI /app2
|
|
816
|
-
RailsBaseURI /app3
|
|
817
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
818
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
819
|
-
</td>
|
|
820
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
821
|
-
</div>
|
|
822
|
-
<h3 id="_redeploying_restarting_the_ruby_on_rails_application">3.3. Redeploying (restarting the Ruby on Rails application)</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
823
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Deploying a new version of a Ruby on Rails application is as simple as
|
|
824
|
-
re-uploading the application files, and restarting the application.</p></div>
|
|
825
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to restart the application:</p></div>
|
|
826
|
-
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
827
|
-
<li>
|
|
828
|
-
<p>
|
|
829
|
-
By restarting Apache.
|
|
830
|
-
</p>
|
|
831
|
-
</li>
|
|
832
|
-
<li>
|
|
833
|
-
<p>
|
|
834
|
-
By creating or modifying the file <em>tmp/restart.txt</em> in the Rails
|
|
835
|
-
application’s <a href="#application_root">root folder</a>. Phusion Passenger will
|
|
836
|
-
automatically restart the application.
|
|
837
|
-
</p>
|
|
838
|
-
</li>
|
|
839
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
840
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, to restart our example MyCook application, we type this in the
|
|
841
|
-
command line:</p></div>
|
|
842
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
843
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
844
|
-
<pre><tt>touch /webapps/mycook/tmp/restart.txt</tt></pre>
|
|
845
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
846
|
-
<h3 id="_migrations">3.4. Migrations</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
847
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is not related to Ruby on Rails migrations in any way. To
|
|
848
|
-
run migrations on your deployment server, please login to your deployment
|
|
849
|
-
server (e.g. with <em>ssh</em>) and type <tt>rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=production</tt> in
|
|
850
|
-
a shell console, just like one would normally run migrations.</p></div>
|
|
851
|
-
<h3 id="_capistrano_integration">3.5. Capistrano integration</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
852
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="#capistrano">Capistrano recipe</a>.</p></div>
|
|
853
|
-
</div>
|
|
854
|
-
<h2 id="_deploying_a_rack_based_ruby_application">4. Deploying a Rack-based Ruby application</h2>
|
|
855
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
856
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger supports arbitrary Ruby web applications that follow the
|
|
857
|
-
<a href="http://rack.rubyforge.org/">Rack</a> interface.</p></div>
|
|
858
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger assumes that Rack application directories have a certain layout.
|
|
859
|
-
Suppose that you have a Rack application in <em>/webapps/rackapp</em>. Then that
|
|
860
|
-
folder must contain at least three entries:</p></div>
|
|
861
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
862
|
-
<li>
|
|
863
|
-
<p>
|
|
864
|
-
<em>config.ru</em>, a Rackup file for starting the Rack application. This file must contain
|
|
865
|
-
the complete logic for initializing the application.
|
|
866
|
-
</p>
|
|
867
|
-
</li>
|
|
868
|
-
<li>
|
|
869
|
-
<p>
|
|
870
|
-
<em>public/</em>, a folder containing public static web assets, like images and stylesheets.
|
|
871
|
-
</p>
|
|
872
|
-
</li>
|
|
873
|
-
<li>
|
|
874
|
-
<p>
|
|
875
|
-
<em>tmp/</em>, used for <em>restart.txt</em> (our application restart mechanism). This will
|
|
876
|
-
be explained in a following subsection.
|
|
877
|
-
</p>
|
|
878
|
-
</li>
|
|
879
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
880
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>So <em>/webapps/rackapp</em> must, at minimum, look like this:</p></div>
|
|
881
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
882
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
883
|
-
<pre><tt>/webapps/rackapp
|
|
884
|
-
|
|
|
885
|
-
+-- config.ru
|
|
886
|
-
|
|
|
887
|
-
+-- public/
|
|
888
|
-
|
|
|
889
|
-
+-- tmp/</tt></pre>
|
|
890
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
891
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you own the domain <em>www.rackapp.com</em>. You can either deploy your application
|
|
892
|
-
to the virtual host’s root (i.e. the application will be accessible from the root URL,
|
|
893
|
-
<em>http://www.rackapp.com/</em>), or in a sub URI (i.e. the application will be
|
|
894
|
-
accessible from a sub URL, such as <em>http://www.rackapp.com/rackapp</em>).</p></div>
|
|
895
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
896
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
897
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
898
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
899
|
-
</td>
|
|
900
|
-
<td class="content">The default <tt>RACK_ENV</tt> environment in which deployed Rack applications
|
|
901
|
-
are run, is “production”. You can change this by changing the
|
|
902
|
-
<a href="#rack_env"><em>RackEnv</em></a> configuration option.</td>
|
|
903
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
904
|
-
</div>
|
|
905
|
-
<h3 id="_tutorial_example_writing_and_deploying_a_hello_world_rack_application">4.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World Rack application</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
906
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>First we create a Phusion Passenger-compliant Rack directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
907
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
908
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
909
|
-
<pre><tt>$ mkdir /webapps/rack_example
|
|
910
|
-
$ mkdir /webapps/rack_example/public
|
|
911
|
-
$ mkdir /webapps/rack_example/tmp</tt></pre>
|
|
912
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
913
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, we write a minimal "hello world" Rack application:</p></div>
|
|
914
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
915
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
916
|
-
<pre><tt>$ cd /webapps/rack_example
|
|
917
|
-
$ some_awesome_editor config.ru
|
|
918
|
-
...type in some source code...
|
|
919
|
-
$ cat config.ru
|
|
920
|
-
app = proc do |env|
|
|
921
|
-
return [200, { "Content-Type" => "text/html" }, "hello <b>world</b>"]
|
|
922
|
-
end
|
|
923
|
-
run app</tt></pre>
|
|
924
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
925
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Finally, we deploy it by adding the following configuration options to
|
|
926
|
-
the Apache configuration file:</p></div>
|
|
927
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
928
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
929
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
930
|
-
ServerName www.rackexample.com
|
|
931
|
-
DocumentRoot /webapps/rack_example/public
|
|
932
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
933
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
934
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>And we’re done! After an Apache restart, the above Rack application will be available
|
|
935
|
-
under the URL <em>http://www.rackexample.com/</em>.</p></div>
|
|
936
|
-
<h3 id="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root_2">4.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
937
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Add a virtual host entry to your Apache configuration file. The virtual host’s
|
|
938
|
-
document root must point to your Rack application’s <em>public</em> folder.
|
|
939
|
-
For example:</p></div>
|
|
940
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
941
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
942
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
943
|
-
ServerName www.rackapp.com
|
|
944
|
-
DocumentRoot /webapps/rackapp/public
|
|
945
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
946
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
947
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
948
|
-
<h3 id="deploying_rack_to_sub_uri">4.3. Deploying to a sub URI</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
949
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that you already have a virtual host:</p></div>
|
|
950
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
951
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
952
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
953
|
-
ServerName www.phusion.nl
|
|
954
|
-
DocumentRoot /websites/phusion
|
|
955
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
956
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
957
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>And you want your Rack application to be accessible from the URL
|
|
958
|
-
<em>http://www.phusion.nl/rack</em>.</p></div>
|
|
959
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>To do this, make a symlink from your Rack application’s <em>public</em>
|
|
960
|
-
folder to a directory in the document root. For example:</p></div>
|
|
961
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
962
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
963
|
-
<pre><tt>ln -s /webapps/rackapp/public /websites/phusion/rack</tt></pre>
|
|
964
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
965
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, add a <a href="#RackBaseURI">RackBaseURI</a> option to the virtual host configuration:</p></div>
|
|
966
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
967
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
968
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
969
|
-
ServerName www.phusion.nl
|
|
970
|
-
DocumentRoot /websites/phusion
|
|
971
|
-
RackBaseURI /rack # This line has been added.
|
|
972
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
973
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
974
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
|
|
975
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
976
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
977
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
978
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
979
|
-
</td>
|
|
980
|
-
<td class="content">
|
|
981
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can deploy multiple Rack applications under a virtual host, by specifying
|
|
982
|
-
<a href="#RackBaseURI">RackBaseURI</a> multiple times. For example:</p></div>
|
|
983
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
984
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
985
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
986
|
-
....
|
|
987
|
-
RackBaseURI /app1
|
|
988
|
-
RackBaseURI /app2
|
|
989
|
-
RackBaseURI /app3
|
|
990
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
991
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
992
|
-
</td>
|
|
993
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
994
|
-
</div>
|
|
995
|
-
<h3 id="_redeploying_restarting_the_rack_application">4.4. Redeploying (restarting the Rack application)</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
996
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Deploying a new version of a Rack application is as simple as
|
|
997
|
-
re-uploading the application files, and restarting the application.</p></div>
|
|
998
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to restart the application:</p></div>
|
|
999
|
-
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
1000
|
-
<li>
|
|
1001
|
-
<p>
|
|
1002
|
-
By restarting Apache.
|
|
1003
|
-
</p>
|
|
1004
|
-
</li>
|
|
1005
|
-
<li>
|
|
1006
|
-
<p>
|
|
1007
|
-
By creating or modifying the file <em>tmp/restart.txt</em> in the Rack
|
|
1008
|
-
application’s <a href="#application_root">root folder</a>. Phusion Passenger will
|
|
1009
|
-
automatically restart the application.
|
|
1010
|
-
</p>
|
|
1011
|
-
</li>
|
|
1012
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
1013
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, to restart our example application, we type this in the
|
|
1014
|
-
command line:</p></div>
|
|
1015
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1016
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1017
|
-
<pre><tt>touch /webapps/rackapp/tmp/restart.txt</tt></pre>
|
|
1018
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1019
|
-
<h3 id="_rackup_specifications_for_various_web_frameworks">4.5. Rackup specifications for various web frameworks</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1020
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This subsection shows example <em>config.ru</em> files for various web frameworks.</p></div>
|
|
1021
|
-
<h4 id="_camping">4.5.1. Camping</h4>
|
|
1022
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1023
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1024
|
-
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
1025
|
-
require 'rack'
|
|
1026
|
-
require 'camping'
|
|
1027
|
-
|
|
1028
|
-
##### Begin Camping application
|
|
1029
|
-
Camping.goes :Blog
|
|
1030
|
-
|
|
1031
|
-
...your application code here...
|
|
1032
|
-
##### End Camping application
|
|
1033
|
-
|
|
1034
|
-
run Rack::Adapter::Camping.new(Blog)</tt></pre>
|
|
1035
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1036
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For Camping versions 2.0 and up, using <tt>run Blog</tt> as the final line will do.</p></div>
|
|
1037
|
-
<h4 id="_halcyon">4.5.2. Halcyon</h4>
|
|
1038
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1039
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1040
|
-
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
1041
|
-
require 'halcyon'
|
|
1042
|
-
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(Halcyon.root / 'lib')
|
|
1043
|
-
Halcyon::Runner.load_config Halcyon.root/'config'/'config.yml'
|
|
1044
|
-
run Halcyon::Runner.new</tt></pre>
|
|
1045
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1046
|
-
<h4 id="_mack">4.5.3. Mack</h4>
|
|
1047
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1048
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1049
|
-
<pre><tt>ENV["MACK_ENV"] = ENV["RACK_ENV"]
|
|
1050
|
-
load("Rakefile")
|
|
1051
|
-
require 'rubygems'
|
|
1052
|
-
require 'mack'
|
|
1053
|
-
run Mack::Utils::Server.build_app</tt></pre>
|
|
1054
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1055
|
-
<h4 id="_merb">4.5.4. Merb</h4>
|
|
1056
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1057
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1058
|
-
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
1059
|
-
require 'merb-core'
|
|
1060
|
-
|
|
1061
|
-
Merb::Config.setup(
|
|
1062
|
-
:merb_root => File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)),
|
|
1063
|
-
:environment => ENV['RACK_ENV']
|
|
1064
|
-
)
|
|
1065
|
-
Merb.environment = Merb::Config[:environment]
|
|
1066
|
-
Merb.root = Merb::Config[:merb_root]
|
|
1067
|
-
Merb::BootLoader.run
|
|
1068
|
-
|
|
1069
|
-
run Merb::Rack::Application.new</tt></pre>
|
|
1070
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1071
|
-
<h4 id="_ramaze">4.5.5. Ramaze</h4>
|
|
1072
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1073
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1074
|
-
<pre><tt>require "start"
|
|
1075
|
-
Ramaze.trait[:essentials].delete Ramaze::Adapter
|
|
1076
|
-
Ramaze.start :force => true
|
|
1077
|
-
run Ramaze::Adapter::Base</tt></pre>
|
|
1078
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1079
|
-
<h4 id="_sinatra">4.5.6. Sinatra</h4>
|
|
1080
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1081
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1082
|
-
<pre><tt>require 'rubygems'
|
|
1083
|
-
require 'sinatra'
|
|
1084
|
-
|
|
1085
|
-
root_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
|
|
1086
|
-
|
|
1087
|
-
set :environment, ENV['RACK_ENV'].to_sym
|
|
1088
|
-
set :root, root_dir
|
|
1089
|
-
set :app_file, File.join(root_dir, 'app.rb')
|
|
1090
|
-
disable :run
|
|
1091
|
-
|
|
1092
|
-
run Sinatra::Application</tt></pre>
|
|
1093
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1094
|
-
</div>
|
|
1095
|
-
<h2 id="_configuring_phusion_passenger">5. Configuring Phusion Passenger</h2>
|
|
1096
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1097
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>After installation, Phusion Passenger does not need any further configurations.
|
|
1098
|
-
Nevertheless, the system administrator may be interested in changing
|
|
1099
|
-
Phusion Passenger’s behavior. Phusion Passenger’s Apache module supports the
|
|
1100
|
-
following configuration options:</p></div>
|
|
1101
|
-
<h3 id="_passengerroot_lt_directory_gt">5.1. PassengerRoot <directory></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1102
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The location to the Phusion Passenger root directory. This configuration option
|
|
1103
|
-
is essential to Phusion Passenger. The correct value is given by the installer,
|
|
1104
|
-
and should usually not be changed manually.</p></div>
|
|
1105
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This required option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.</p></div>
|
|
1106
|
-
<h3 id="_passengerloglevel_lt_integer_gt">5.2. PassengerLogLevel <integer></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1107
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify how much information Phusion Passenger should
|
|
1108
|
-
write to the Apache error log file. A higher log level value means that more
|
|
1109
|
-
information will be logged.</p></div>
|
|
1110
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Possible values are:</p></div>
|
|
1111
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1112
|
-
<li>
|
|
1113
|
-
<p>
|
|
1114
|
-
<em>0</em>: Show only errors and warnings.
|
|
1115
|
-
</p>
|
|
1116
|
-
</li>
|
|
1117
|
-
<li>
|
|
1118
|
-
<p>
|
|
1119
|
-
<em>1</em>: Show the most important debugging information. This might be useful for
|
|
1120
|
-
system administrators who are trying to figure out the cause of a
|
|
1121
|
-
problem.
|
|
1122
|
-
</p>
|
|
1123
|
-
</li>
|
|
1124
|
-
<li>
|
|
1125
|
-
<p>
|
|
1126
|
-
<em>2</em>: Show more debugging information. This is typically only useful for developers.
|
|
1127
|
-
</p>
|
|
1128
|
-
</li>
|
|
1129
|
-
<li>
|
|
1130
|
-
<p>
|
|
1131
|
-
<em>3</em>: Show even more debugging information.
|
|
1132
|
-
</p>
|
|
1133
|
-
</li>
|
|
1134
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1135
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
|
|
1136
|
-
The default is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1137
|
-
<h3 id="PassengerRuby">5.3. PassengerRuby <filename></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1138
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the Ruby interpreter to use.</p></div>
|
|
1139
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
|
|
1140
|
-
The default is <em>ruby</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1141
|
-
<h3 id="PassengerAppRoot">5.4. PassengerAppRoot <path/to/root></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1142
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger assumes that the application’s root directory
|
|
1143
|
-
is the parent directory of the <em>public</em> directory. This option allows one to
|
|
1144
|
-
specify the application’s root independently from the DocumentRoot, which
|
|
1145
|
-
is useful if the <em>public</em> directory lives in a non-standard place.</p></div>
|
|
1146
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1147
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1148
|
-
<li>
|
|
1149
|
-
<p>
|
|
1150
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1151
|
-
</p>
|
|
1152
|
-
</li>
|
|
1153
|
-
<li>
|
|
1154
|
-
<p>
|
|
1155
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1156
|
-
</p>
|
|
1157
|
-
</li>
|
|
1158
|
-
<li>
|
|
1159
|
-
<p>
|
|
1160
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1161
|
-
</p>
|
|
1162
|
-
</li>
|
|
1163
|
-
<li>
|
|
1164
|
-
<p>
|
|
1165
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverride Options</tt> is on.
|
|
1166
|
-
</p>
|
|
1167
|
-
</li>
|
|
1168
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1169
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once.</p></div>
|
|
1170
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Example:</p></div>
|
|
1171
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1172
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1173
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost test.host>
|
|
1174
|
-
DocumentRoot /var/rails/zena/sites/example.com/public
|
|
1175
|
-
PassengerAppRoot /var/rails/zena # <-- normally Phusion Passenger would
|
|
1176
|
-
# have assumed that the application
|
|
1177
|
-
# root is "/var/rails/zena/sites/example.com"
|
|
1178
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1179
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1180
|
-
<h3 id="PassengerUseGlobalQueue">5.5. PassengerUseGlobalQueue <on|off></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1181
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Turns the use of global queuing on or off.</p></div>
|
|
1182
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1183
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1184
|
-
<li>
|
|
1185
|
-
<p>
|
|
1186
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1187
|
-
</p>
|
|
1188
|
-
</li>
|
|
1189
|
-
<li>
|
|
1190
|
-
<p>
|
|
1191
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1192
|
-
</p>
|
|
1193
|
-
</li>
|
|
1194
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1195
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>off</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1196
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>This feature is sponsored by <a href="http://www.37signals.com/">37signals</a>.</em></p></div>
|
|
1197
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">What does this option do?</div><p>Recall that Phusion Passenger spawns multiple backend processes (e.g. multiple
|
|
1198
|
-
Ruby on Rails processes), each which processes HTTP requests serially. One of
|
|
1199
|
-
Phusion Passenger’s jobs is to forward HTTP requests to a suitable backend
|
|
1200
|
-
process. A backend process may take an arbitrary amount of time to process a
|
|
1201
|
-
specific HTTP request. If the websites are (temporarily) under high load, and
|
|
1202
|
-
the backend processes cannot process the requests fast enough, then some
|
|
1203
|
-
requests may have to be queued.</p></div>
|
|
1204
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If global queuing is turned off, then Phusion Passenger will use <em>fair load
|
|
1205
|
-
balancing</em>. This means that each backend process will have its own private
|
|
1206
|
-
queue. Phusion Passenger will forward an HTTP request to the backend process
|
|
1207
|
-
that has the least amount of requests in its queue.</p></div>
|
|
1208
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If global queuing is turned on, then Phusion Passenger will use a global queue
|
|
1209
|
-
that’s shared between all backend processes. If an HTTP request comes in, and
|
|
1210
|
-
all the backend processes are still busy, then Phusion Passenger will wait until
|
|
1211
|
-
at least one backend process is done, and will then forward the request to that
|
|
1212
|
-
process.</p></div>
|
|
1213
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">When to turn on global queuing?</div><p>You should turn on global queuing if one of your web applications may have
|
|
1214
|
-
long-running requests.</p></div>
|
|
1215
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example suppose that:</p></div>
|
|
1216
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1217
|
-
<li>
|
|
1218
|
-
<p>
|
|
1219
|
-
global queuing is turned off.
|
|
1220
|
-
</p>
|
|
1221
|
-
</li>
|
|
1222
|
-
<li>
|
|
1223
|
-
<p>
|
|
1224
|
-
we’re currently in a state where all backend processes have 3 requests in
|
|
1225
|
-
their queue, except for a single backend process, which has 1 request in its
|
|
1226
|
-
queue.
|
|
1227
|
-
</p>
|
|
1228
|
-
</li>
|
|
1229
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1230
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The situation looks like this:</p></div>
|
|
1231
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1232
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1233
|
-
<pre><tt>Backend process A: [* ] (1 request in queue)
|
|
1234
|
-
Backend process B: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1235
|
-
Backend process C: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1236
|
-
Backend process D: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)</tt></pre>
|
|
1237
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1238
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each process is currently serving short-running requests.</p></div>
|
|
1239
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger will forward the next request to backend process A. A will
|
|
1240
|
-
now have 2 items in its queue. We’ll mark this new request with an X:</p></div>
|
|
1241
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1242
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1243
|
-
<pre><tt>Backend process A: [*X ] (2 request in queue)
|
|
1244
|
-
Backend process B: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1245
|
-
Backend process C: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1246
|
-
Backend process D: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)</tt></pre>
|
|
1247
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1248
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Assuming that B, C and D still aren’t done with their current request, the next
|
|
1249
|
-
HTTP request - let’s call this Y - will be forwarded to backend process A as
|
|
1250
|
-
well, because it has the least number of items in its queue:</p></div>
|
|
1251
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1252
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1253
|
-
<pre><tt>Backend process A: [*XY ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1254
|
-
Backend process B: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1255
|
-
Backend process C: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)
|
|
1256
|
-
Backend process D: [*** ] (3 requests in queue)</tt></pre>
|
|
1257
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1258
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>But if request X happens to be a long-running request that needs 60 seconds to
|
|
1259
|
-
complete, then we’ll have a problem. Y won’t be processed for at least 60
|
|
1260
|
-
seconds. It would have been a better idea if Y was forward to processes B, C or
|
|
1261
|
-
D instead, because they only have short-living requests in their queues.</p></div>
|
|
1262
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This problem will be avoided entirely if you turn global queuing on. With global
|
|
1263
|
-
queuing, all backend processes will share the same queue. The first backend
|
|
1264
|
-
process that becomes available will take from the queue, and so this
|
|
1265
|
-
“queuing-behind-long-running-request” problem will never occur.</p></div>
|
|
1266
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Turning global queuing off will yield a minor performance improvement (about 5%,
|
|
1267
|
-
depending on how fast/slow your web application is), which is why it’s off by
|
|
1268
|
-
default.</p></div>
|
|
1269
|
-
<h3 id="PassengerUserSwitching">5.6. PassengerUserSwitching <on|off></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1270
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Whether to enable <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1271
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
|
|
1272
|
-
The default value is <em>on</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1273
|
-
<h3 id="PassengerDefaultUser">5.7. PassengerDefaultUser <username></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1274
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Passenger enables <a href="#user_switching">user switching support</a> by default.
|
|
1275
|
-
This configuration option allows one to specify which user Rails/Rack
|
|
1276
|
-
applications must run as, if user switching fails or is disabled.</p></div>
|
|
1277
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
|
|
1278
|
-
The default value is <em>nobody</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1279
|
-
<h3 id="PassengerHighPerformance">5.8. PassengerHighPerformance <on|off></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1280
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger is compatible with mod_rewrite and most other
|
|
1281
|
-
Apache modules. However, a lot of effort is required in order to be compatible.
|
|
1282
|
-
If you turn <em>PassengerHighPerformance</em> to <em>on</em>, then Phusion Passenger will be
|
|
1283
|
-
a little faster, in return for reduced compatibility with other Apache modules.</p></div>
|
|
1284
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In places where <em>PassengerHighPerformance</em> is turned on, mod_rewrite rules will
|
|
1285
|
-
likely not work. mod_autoindex (the module which displays a directory index)
|
|
1286
|
-
will also not work. Other Apache modules may or may not work, depending on what
|
|
1287
|
-
they exactly do. We recommend you to find out how other modules behave in high
|
|
1288
|
-
performance mode via testing.</p></div>
|
|
1289
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option is <strong>not</strong> an all-or-nothing global option: you can enable high
|
|
1290
|
-
performance mode for certain virtual hosts or certain URLs only.
|
|
1291
|
-
The <em>PassengerHighPerformance</em> option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1292
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1293
|
-
<li>
|
|
1294
|
-
<p>
|
|
1295
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1296
|
-
</p>
|
|
1297
|
-
</li>
|
|
1298
|
-
<li>
|
|
1299
|
-
<p>
|
|
1300
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1301
|
-
</p>
|
|
1302
|
-
</li>
|
|
1303
|
-
<li>
|
|
1304
|
-
<p>
|
|
1305
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1306
|
-
</p>
|
|
1307
|
-
</li>
|
|
1308
|
-
<li>
|
|
1309
|
-
<p>
|
|
1310
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>.
|
|
1311
|
-
</p>
|
|
1312
|
-
</li>
|
|
1313
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1314
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>off</em>,
|
|
1315
|
-
so high performance mode is disabled by default, and you have to explicitly
|
|
1316
|
-
enable it.</p></div>
|
|
1317
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">When to enable high performance mode?</div><p>If you do not use mod_rewrite or other Apache modules then it might make
|
|
1318
|
-
sense to enable high performance mode.</p></div>
|
|
1319
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>It’s likely that some of your applications depend on mod_rewrite or other
|
|
1320
|
-
Apache modules, while some do not. In that case you can enable high performance
|
|
1321
|
-
for only those applications that don’t use other Apache modules. For example:</p></div>
|
|
1322
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1323
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1324
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1325
|
-
ServerName www.foo.com
|
|
1326
|
-
DocumentRoot /apps/foo/public
|
|
1327
|
-
.... mod_rewrite rules or options for other Apache modules here ...
|
|
1328
|
-
</VirtualHost>
|
|
1329
|
-
|
|
1330
|
-
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1331
|
-
ServerName www.bar.com
|
|
1332
|
-
DocumentRoot /apps/bar/public
|
|
1333
|
-
PassengerHighPerformance on
|
|
1334
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1335
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1336
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In the above example, high performance mode is only enabled for www.bar.com.
|
|
1337
|
-
It is disabled for everything else.</p></div>
|
|
1338
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your application generally depends on mod_rewrite or other Apache modules,
|
|
1339
|
-
but a certain URL that’s accessed often doesn’t depend on those other modules,
|
|
1340
|
-
then you can enable high performance mode for a certain URL only. For example:</p></div>
|
|
1341
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1342
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1343
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1344
|
-
ServerName www.foo.com
|
|
1345
|
-
DocumentRoot /apps/foo/public
|
|
1346
|
-
.... mod_rewrite rules or options for other Apache modules here ...
|
|
1347
|
-
|
|
1348
|
-
<Location /chatroom/ajax_update_poll>
|
|
1349
|
-
PassengerHighPerformance on
|
|
1350
|
-
</Location>
|
|
1351
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1352
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1353
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This enables high performance mode for
|
|
1354
|
-
<a href="http://www.foo.com/chatroom/ajax_update_poll">http://www.foo.com/chatroom/ajax_update_poll</a> only.</p></div>
|
|
1355
|
-
<h3 id="_passengerenabled_lt_on_off_gt">5.9. PassengerEnabled <on|off></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1356
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can set this option to <em>off</em> to completely disable Phusion Passenger for
|
|
1357
|
-
a certain location. This is useful if, for example, you want to integrate a PHP
|
|
1358
|
-
application into the same virtual host as a Rails application.</p></div>
|
|
1359
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that you have a Rails application in <em>/apps/foo</em>. Suppose that you’ve
|
|
1360
|
-
dropped Wordpress — a blogging application written in PHP — in
|
|
1361
|
-
<em>/apps/foo/public/wordpress</em>. You can then configure Phusion Passenger as
|
|
1362
|
-
follows:</p></div>
|
|
1363
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1364
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1365
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1366
|
-
ServerName www.foo.com
|
|
1367
|
-
DocumentRoot /apps/foo/public
|
|
1368
|
-
<Location /wordpress>
|
|
1369
|
-
PassengerEnabled off
|
|
1370
|
-
AllowOverride all # <-- Makes Wordpress's .htaccess file work.
|
|
1371
|
-
</Location>
|
|
1372
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1373
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1374
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This way, Phusion Passenger will not interfere with Wordpress.</p></div>
|
|
1375
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>PassengerEnabled</em> may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1376
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1377
|
-
<li>
|
|
1378
|
-
<p>
|
|
1379
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1380
|
-
</p>
|
|
1381
|
-
</li>
|
|
1382
|
-
<li>
|
|
1383
|
-
<p>
|
|
1384
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1385
|
-
</p>
|
|
1386
|
-
</li>
|
|
1387
|
-
<li>
|
|
1388
|
-
<p>
|
|
1389
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1390
|
-
</p>
|
|
1391
|
-
</li>
|
|
1392
|
-
<li>
|
|
1393
|
-
<p>
|
|
1394
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>.
|
|
1395
|
-
</p>
|
|
1396
|
-
</li>
|
|
1397
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1398
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>on</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1399
|
-
<h3 id="_passengertempdir_lt_directory_gt">5.10. PassengerTempDir <directory></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1400
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Specifies the directory that Phusion Passenger should use for storing temporary
|
|
1401
|
-
files. This includes things such as Unix socket files, buffered file uploads,
|
|
1402
|
-
etc.</p></div>
|
|
1403
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may be specified once, in the global server configuration. The
|
|
1404
|
-
default temp directory that Phusion Passenger uses is <em>/tmp</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1405
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option is especially useful if Apache is not allowed to write to /tmp
|
|
1406
|
-
(which is the case on some systems with strict SELinux policies) or if the
|
|
1407
|
-
partition that /tmp lives on doesn’t have enough disk space.</p></div>
|
|
1408
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">Command line tools</div><p>Some Phusion Passenger command line administration tools, such as
|
|
1409
|
-
<tt>passenger-status</tt>, must know what Phusion Passenger’s temp directory is
|
|
1410
|
-
in order to function properly. You can pass the directory through the
|
|
1411
|
-
<tt>PASSENGER_TMPDIR</tt> environment variable, or the <tt>TMPDIR</tt> environment variable
|
|
1412
|
-
(the former will be used if both are specified).</p></div>
|
|
1413
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if you set <em>PassengerTempDir</em> to <em>/my_temp_dir</em>, then invoke
|
|
1414
|
-
<tt>passenger-status</tt> after you’ve set the <tt>PASSENGER_TMPDIR</tt> or <tt>TMPDIR</tt>
|
|
1415
|
-
environment variable, like this:</p></div>
|
|
1416
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1417
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1418
|
-
<pre><tt>export PASSENGER_TMPDIR=/my_temp-dir
|
|
1419
|
-
sudo -E passenger-status
|
|
1420
|
-
# The -E option tells 'sudo' to preserve environment variables.</tt></pre>
|
|
1421
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1422
|
-
<h3 id="_passengerrestartdir_lt_directory_gt">5.11. PassengerRestartDir <directory></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1423
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>As described in the deployment chapters of this document, Phusion Passenger
|
|
1424
|
-
checks the file <em>tmp/restart.txt</em> in the applications'
|
|
1425
|
-
<a href="#application_root">root directory</a> for restarting applications. Sometimes it
|
|
1426
|
-
may be desirable for Phusion Passenger to look in a different directory instead,
|
|
1427
|
-
for example for security reasons (see below). This option allows you to
|
|
1428
|
-
customize the directory in which <em>restart.txt</em> is searched for.</p></div>
|
|
1429
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You may specify <em>PassengerRestartDir</em> in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1430
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1431
|
-
<li>
|
|
1432
|
-
<p>
|
|
1433
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1434
|
-
</p>
|
|
1435
|
-
</li>
|
|
1436
|
-
<li>
|
|
1437
|
-
<p>
|
|
1438
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1439
|
-
</p>
|
|
1440
|
-
</li>
|
|
1441
|
-
<li>
|
|
1442
|
-
<p>
|
|
1443
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1444
|
-
</p>
|
|
1445
|
-
</li>
|
|
1446
|
-
<li>
|
|
1447
|
-
<p>
|
|
1448
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverrides Options</tt> is enabled.
|
|
1449
|
-
</p>
|
|
1450
|
-
</li>
|
|
1451
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1452
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once.</p></div>
|
|
1453
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can either set it to an absolute directory, or to a directory relative to
|
|
1454
|
-
the <a href="#application_root">application root</a>. Examples:</p></div>
|
|
1455
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1456
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1457
|
-
<pre><tt><VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1458
|
-
ServerName www.foo.com
|
|
1459
|
-
# Phusion Passenger will check for /apps/foo/public/tmp/restart.txt
|
|
1460
|
-
DocumentRoot /apps/foo/public
|
|
1461
|
-
</VirtualHost>
|
|
1462
|
-
|
|
1463
|
-
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1464
|
-
ServerName www.bar.com
|
|
1465
|
-
DocumentRoot /apps/bar/public
|
|
1466
|
-
# An absolute filename is given; Phusion Passenger will
|
|
1467
|
-
# check for /restart_files/bar/restart.txt
|
|
1468
|
-
PassengerRestartDir /restart_files/bar
|
|
1469
|
-
</VirtualHost>
|
|
1470
|
-
|
|
1471
|
-
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1472
|
-
ServerName www.baz.com
|
|
1473
|
-
DocumentRoot /apps/baz/public
|
|
1474
|
-
# A relative filename is given; Phusion Passenger will
|
|
1475
|
-
# check for /apps/baz/restart_files/restart.txt
|
|
1476
|
-
#
|
|
1477
|
-
# Note that this directory is relative to the APPLICATION ROOT, *not*
|
|
1478
|
-
# the value of DocumentRoot!
|
|
1479
|
-
PassengerRestartDir restart_files
|
|
1480
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1481
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1482
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">What are the security reasons for wanting to customize PassengerRestartDir?</div><p>Touching restart.txt will cause Phusion Passenger to restart the application.
|
|
1483
|
-
So anybody who can touch restart.txt can effectively cause a Denial-of-Service
|
|
1484
|
-
attack by touching restart.txt over and over. If your web server or one of your
|
|
1485
|
-
web applications has the permission to touch restart.txt, and one of them has a
|
|
1486
|
-
security flaw which allows an attacker to touch restart.txt, then that will
|
|
1487
|
-
allow the attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service.</p></div>
|
|
1488
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can prevent this from happening by pointing PassengerRestartDir to a
|
|
1489
|
-
directory that’s readable by Apache, but only writable by administrators.</p></div>
|
|
1490
|
-
<h3 id="_resource_control_and_optimization_options">5.12. Resource control and optimization options</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1491
|
-
<h4 id="_passengermaxpoolsize_lt_integer_gt">5.12.1. PassengerMaxPoolSize <integer></h4>
|
|
1492
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of Ruby on Rails or Rack application instances that may
|
|
1493
|
-
be simultaneously active. A larger number results in higher memory usage,
|
|
1494
|
-
but improved ability to handle concurrent HTTP clients.</p></div>
|
|
1495
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The optimal value depends on your system’s hardware and the server’s average
|
|
1496
|
-
load. You should experiment with different values. But generally speaking,
|
|
1497
|
-
the value should be at least equal to the number of CPUs (or CPU cores) that
|
|
1498
|
-
you have. If your system has 2 GB of RAM, then we recommend a value of <em>30</em>.
|
|
1499
|
-
If your system is a Virtual Private Server (VPS) and has about 256 MB RAM, and
|
|
1500
|
-
is also running other services such as MySQL, then we recommend a value of <em>2</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1501
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you find that your server is unable to handle the load on your Rails/Rack websites
|
|
1502
|
-
(i.e. running out of memory) then you should lower this value. (Though if your
|
|
1503
|
-
sites are really that popular, then you should strongly consider upgrading your
|
|
1504
|
-
hardware or getting more servers.)</p></div>
|
|
1505
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
|
|
1506
|
-
The default value is <em>6</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1507
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1508
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
1509
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
1510
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
1511
|
-
</td>
|
|
1512
|
-
<td class="content">We strongly recommend you to <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">use Ruby Enterprise Edition</a>. This allows you to reduce the memory usage of your Ruby on Rails applications
|
|
1513
|
-
by about 33%. And it’s not hard to install.</td>
|
|
1514
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
1515
|
-
</div>
|
|
1516
|
-
<h4 id="_passengermaxinstancesperapp_lt_integer_gt">5.12.2. PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp <integer></h4>
|
|
1517
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of application instances that may be simultaneously active
|
|
1518
|
-
for a single application. This helps to make sure that a single application
|
|
1519
|
-
will not occupy all available slots in the application pool.</p></div>
|
|
1520
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This value must be less than <a href="#PassengerMaxPoolSize">PassengerMaxPoolSize</a>. A value of 0
|
|
1521
|
-
means that there is no limit placed on the number of instances a single application
|
|
1522
|
-
may use, i.e. only the global limit of <a href="#PassengerMaxPoolSize">PassengerMaxPoolSize</a>
|
|
1523
|
-
will be enforced.</p></div>
|
|
1524
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
|
|
1525
|
-
The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1526
|
-
<h4 id="PassengerPoolIdleTime">5.12.3. PassengerPoolIdleTime <integer></h4>
|
|
1527
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of seconds that an application instance may be idle. That is,
|
|
1528
|
-
if an application instance hasn’t received any traffic after the given number of
|
|
1529
|
-
seconds, then it will be shutdown in order to conserve memory.</p></div>
|
|
1530
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Decreasing this value means that applications will have to be spawned
|
|
1531
|
-
more often. Since spawning is a relatively slow operation, some visitors may
|
|
1532
|
-
notice a small delay when they visit your Rails/Rack website. However, it will also
|
|
1533
|
-
free up resources used by applications more quickly.</p></div>
|
|
1534
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The optimal value depends on the average time that a visitor spends on a single
|
|
1535
|
-
Rails/Rack web page. We recommend a value of <tt>2 * x</tt>, where <tt>x</tt> is the average
|
|
1536
|
-
number of seconds that a visitor spends on a single Rails/Rack web page. But your
|
|
1537
|
-
mileage may vary.</p></div>
|
|
1538
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>When this value is set to <em>0</em>, application instances will not be shutdown unless
|
|
1539
|
-
it’s really necessary, i.e. when Phusion Passenger is out of worker processes
|
|
1540
|
-
for a given application and one of the inactive application instances needs to
|
|
1541
|
-
make place for another application instance. Setting the value to 0 is
|
|
1542
|
-
recommended if you’re on a non-shared host that’s only running a few
|
|
1543
|
-
applications, each which must be available at all times.</p></div>
|
|
1544
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
|
|
1545
|
-
The default value is <em>300</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1546
|
-
<h4 id="PassengerMaxRequests">5.12.4. PassengerMaxRequests <integer></h4>
|
|
1547
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The maximum number of requests an application instance will process. After
|
|
1548
|
-
serving that many requests, the application instance will be shut down and
|
|
1549
|
-
Phusion Passenger will restart it. A value of 0 means that there is no maximum:
|
|
1550
|
-
an application instance will thus be shut down when its idle timeout has been
|
|
1551
|
-
reached.</p></div>
|
|
1552
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option is useful if your application is leaking memory. By shutting
|
|
1553
|
-
it down after a certain number of requests, all of its memory is guaranteed
|
|
1554
|
-
to be freed by the operating system.</p></div>
|
|
1555
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1556
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1557
|
-
<li>
|
|
1558
|
-
<p>
|
|
1559
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1560
|
-
</p>
|
|
1561
|
-
</li>
|
|
1562
|
-
<li>
|
|
1563
|
-
<p>
|
|
1564
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1565
|
-
</p>
|
|
1566
|
-
</li>
|
|
1567
|
-
<li>
|
|
1568
|
-
<p>
|
|
1569
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1570
|
-
</p>
|
|
1571
|
-
</li>
|
|
1572
|
-
<li>
|
|
1573
|
-
<p>
|
|
1574
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverride Limits</tt> is on.
|
|
1575
|
-
</p>
|
|
1576
|
-
</li>
|
|
1577
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1578
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1579
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1580
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
1581
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
1582
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution" />
|
|
1583
|
-
</td>
|
|
1584
|
-
<td class="content">
|
|
1585
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="#PassengerMaxRequests">PassengerMaxRequests</a> directive should be considered
|
|
1586
|
-
as a workaround for misbehaving applications. It is advised that you fix the
|
|
1587
|
-
problem in your application rather than relying on these directives as a
|
|
1588
|
-
measure to avoid memory leaks.</p></div>
|
|
1589
|
-
</td>
|
|
1590
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
1591
|
-
</div>
|
|
1592
|
-
<h4 id="_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt">5.12.5. PassengerStatThrottleRate <integer></h4>
|
|
1593
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger performs several filesystem checks (or, in
|
|
1594
|
-
programmers jargon, <em>stat() calls</em>) each time a request is processed:</p></div>
|
|
1595
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1596
|
-
<li>
|
|
1597
|
-
<p>
|
|
1598
|
-
It checks whether <em>config/environment.rb</em>, <em>config.ru</em> or <em>passenger_wsgi.py</em>
|
|
1599
|
-
is present, in order to autodetect Rails, Rack and WSGI applications.
|
|
1600
|
-
</p>
|
|
1601
|
-
</li>
|
|
1602
|
-
<li>
|
|
1603
|
-
<p>
|
|
1604
|
-
It checks whether <em>restart.txt</em> has changed or whether <em>always_restart.txt</em>
|
|
1605
|
-
exists, in order to determine whether the application should be restarted.
|
|
1606
|
-
</p>
|
|
1607
|
-
</li>
|
|
1608
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1609
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>On some systems where disk I/O is expensive, e.g. systems where the harddisk is
|
|
1610
|
-
already being heavily loaded, or systems where applications are stored on NFS
|
|
1611
|
-
shares, these filesystem checks can incur a lot of overhead.</p></div>
|
|
1612
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can decrease or almost entirely eliminate this overhead by setting
|
|
1613
|
-
<em>PassengerStatThrottleRate</em>. Setting this option to a value of <em>x</em> means that
|
|
1614
|
-
the above list of filesystem checks will be performed at most once every <em>x</em>
|
|
1615
|
-
seconds. Setting it to a value of <em>0</em> means that no throttling will take place,
|
|
1616
|
-
or in other words, that the above list of filesystem checks will be performed on
|
|
1617
|
-
every request.</p></div>
|
|
1618
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1619
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1620
|
-
<li>
|
|
1621
|
-
<p>
|
|
1622
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1623
|
-
</p>
|
|
1624
|
-
</li>
|
|
1625
|
-
<li>
|
|
1626
|
-
<p>
|
|
1627
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1628
|
-
</p>
|
|
1629
|
-
</li>
|
|
1630
|
-
<li>
|
|
1631
|
-
<p>
|
|
1632
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1633
|
-
</p>
|
|
1634
|
-
</li>
|
|
1635
|
-
<li>
|
|
1636
|
-
<p>
|
|
1637
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverride Limits</tt> is on.
|
|
1638
|
-
</p>
|
|
1639
|
-
</li>
|
|
1640
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1641
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1642
|
-
<h3 id="_ruby_on_rails_specific_options">5.13. Ruby on Rails-specific options</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1643
|
-
<h4 id="_railsautodetect_lt_on_off_gt">5.13.1. RailsAutoDetect <on|off></h4>
|
|
1644
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Whether Phusion Passenger should automatically detect whether a virtual host’s
|
|
1645
|
-
document root is a Ruby on Rails application. The default is <em>on</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1646
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the global server configuration or in a virtual host
|
|
1647
|
-
configuration block.</p></div>
|
|
1648
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, consider the following configuration:</p></div>
|
|
1649
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1650
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1651
|
-
<pre><tt>RailsAutoDetect off
|
|
1652
|
-
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1653
|
-
ServerName www.mycook.com
|
|
1654
|
-
DocumentRoot /webapps/mycook/public
|
|
1655
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1656
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1657
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If one goes to <em>http://www.mycook.com/</em>, the visitor will see the contents of
|
|
1658
|
-
the <em>/webapps/mycook/public</em> folder, instead of the output of the Ruby on Rails
|
|
1659
|
-
application.</p></div>
|
|
1660
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to explicitly specify that the host is a Ruby on Rails
|
|
1661
|
-
application by using the <a href="#RailsBaseURI">RailsBaseURI</a> configuration option:</p></div>
|
|
1662
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1663
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1664
|
-
<pre><tt>RailsAutoDetect off
|
|
1665
|
-
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1666
|
-
ServerName www.mycook.com
|
|
1667
|
-
DocumentRoot /webapps/mycook/public
|
|
1668
|
-
RailsBaseURI / # This line has been added.
|
|
1669
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1670
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1671
|
-
<h4 id="RailsBaseURI">5.13.2. RailsBaseURI <uri></h4>
|
|
1672
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Used to specify that the given URI is a Rails application. See
|
|
1673
|
-
<a href="#deploying_rails_to_sub_uri">Deploying Rails to a sub URI</a> for an example.</p></div>
|
|
1674
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is allowed to specify this option multiple times. Do this to deploy multiple
|
|
1675
|
-
Rails applications in different sub-URIs under the same virtual host.</p></div>
|
|
1676
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1677
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1678
|
-
<li>
|
|
1679
|
-
<p>
|
|
1680
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1681
|
-
</p>
|
|
1682
|
-
</li>
|
|
1683
|
-
<li>
|
|
1684
|
-
<p>
|
|
1685
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1686
|
-
</p>
|
|
1687
|
-
</li>
|
|
1688
|
-
<li>
|
|
1689
|
-
<p>
|
|
1690
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1691
|
-
</p>
|
|
1692
|
-
</li>
|
|
1693
|
-
<li>
|
|
1694
|
-
<p>
|
|
1695
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverride Options</tt> is on.
|
|
1696
|
-
</p>
|
|
1697
|
-
</li>
|
|
1698
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1699
|
-
<h4 id="rails_env">5.13.3. RailsEnv <string></h4>
|
|
1700
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the default <tt>RAILS_ENV</tt> value.</p></div>
|
|
1701
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1702
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1703
|
-
<li>
|
|
1704
|
-
<p>
|
|
1705
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1706
|
-
</p>
|
|
1707
|
-
</li>
|
|
1708
|
-
<li>
|
|
1709
|
-
<p>
|
|
1710
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1711
|
-
</p>
|
|
1712
|
-
</li>
|
|
1713
|
-
<li>
|
|
1714
|
-
<p>
|
|
1715
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1716
|
-
</p>
|
|
1717
|
-
</li>
|
|
1718
|
-
<li>
|
|
1719
|
-
<p>
|
|
1720
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverride Options</tt> is on.
|
|
1721
|
-
</p>
|
|
1722
|
-
</li>
|
|
1723
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1724
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>production</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1725
|
-
<h4 id="RailsSpawnMethod">5.13.4. RailsSpawnMethod <string></h4>
|
|
1726
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
1727
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
1728
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
1729
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
1730
|
-
</td>
|
|
1731
|
-
<td class="content">
|
|
1732
|
-
<div class="title">"What spawn method should I use?"</div>
|
|
1733
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This subsection attempts to describe spawn methods, but it’s okay if you don’t (want to)
|
|
1734
|
-
understand it, as it’s mostly a technical detail. You can basically follow this rule of thumb:</p></div>
|
|
1735
|
-
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
|
1736
|
-
<div class="sidebar-content">
|
|
1737
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your application works on Mongrel, but not on Phusion Passenger, then set
|
|
1738
|
-
<tt>RailsSpawnMethod</tt> to <em>conservative</em>. Otherwise, leave it at <em>smart-lv2</em> (the default).</p></div>
|
|
1739
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1740
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>However, we do recommend you to try to understand it. The <em>smart</em> and <em>smart-lv2</em> spawn
|
|
1741
|
-
methods bring many benefits.</p></div>
|
|
1742
|
-
</td>
|
|
1743
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
1744
|
-
</div>
|
|
1745
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Internally, Phusion Passenger spawns multiple Ruby on Rails processes in order to handle
|
|
1746
|
-
requests. But there are multiple ways with which processes can be spawned, each having
|
|
1747
|
-
its own set of pros and cons. Supported spawn methods are:</p></div>
|
|
1748
|
-
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
1749
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1750
|
-
<em>smart</em>
|
|
1751
|
-
</dt>
|
|
1752
|
-
<dd>
|
|
1753
|
-
<p>
|
|
1754
|
-
When this spawn method is used, Phusion Passenger will attempt to cache Ruby on Rails
|
|
1755
|
-
framework code and application code for a limited period of time. Please read
|
|
1756
|
-
<a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a> for a more detailed
|
|
1757
|
-
explanation of what smart spawning exactly does.
|
|
1758
|
-
</p>
|
|
1759
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Pros:</strong>
|
|
1760
|
-
This can significantly decrease spawn time (by as much as 90%). And, when Ruby Enterprise
|
|
1761
|
-
Edition is used, <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">memory usage can be reduced by 33% on average</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1762
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Cons:</strong>
|
|
1763
|
-
Some Ruby on Rails applications and libraries are not compatible with smart spawning.
|
|
1764
|
-
If that’s the case for your application, then you should use <em>conservative</em> as
|
|
1765
|
-
spawning method.</p></div>
|
|
1766
|
-
</dd>
|
|
1767
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1768
|
-
<em>smart-lv2</em>
|
|
1769
|
-
</dt>
|
|
1770
|
-
<dd>
|
|
1771
|
-
<p>
|
|
1772
|
-
This spawning method is similar to <em>smart</em> but it skips the framework spawner
|
|
1773
|
-
and uses the application spawner directly. This means the framework code is not
|
|
1774
|
-
cached between multiple applications, although it is still cached within
|
|
1775
|
-
instances of the same application. Please read
|
|
1776
|
-
<a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a> for a more detailed
|
|
1777
|
-
explanation of what smart-lv2 spawning exactly does.
|
|
1778
|
-
</p>
|
|
1779
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Pros:</strong> It is compatible with a larger number of applications when compared to
|
|
1780
|
-
the <em>smart</em> method, and still performs some caching.</p></div>
|
|
1781
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Cons:</strong> It is slower than smart spawning if you have many applications which
|
|
1782
|
-
use the same framework version. It is therefore advised that shared hosts use the
|
|
1783
|
-
<em>smart</em> method instead.</p></div>
|
|
1784
|
-
</dd>
|
|
1785
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1786
|
-
<em>conservative</em>
|
|
1787
|
-
</dt>
|
|
1788
|
-
<dd>
|
|
1789
|
-
<p>
|
|
1790
|
-
This spawning method is similar to the one used in Mongrel Cluster. It does not
|
|
1791
|
-
perform any code caching at all. Please read
|
|
1792
|
-
<a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a> for a more detailed
|
|
1793
|
-
explanation of what conservative spawning exactly does.
|
|
1794
|
-
</p>
|
|
1795
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Pros:</strong>
|
|
1796
|
-
Conservative spawning is guaranteed to be compatible with all Rails applications
|
|
1797
|
-
and libraries.</p></div>
|
|
1798
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Cons:</strong>
|
|
1799
|
-
Much slower than smart spawning. Every spawn action will be equally slow, though no slower than
|
|
1800
|
-
the startup time of a single server in Mongrel Cluster. Conservative spawning will also
|
|
1801
|
-
render <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">Ruby Enterprise Edition’s memory reduction technology</a> useless.</p></div>
|
|
1802
|
-
</dd>
|
|
1803
|
-
</dl></div>
|
|
1804
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1805
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1806
|
-
<li>
|
|
1807
|
-
<p>
|
|
1808
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1809
|
-
</p>
|
|
1810
|
-
</li>
|
|
1811
|
-
<li>
|
|
1812
|
-
<p>
|
|
1813
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1814
|
-
</p>
|
|
1815
|
-
</li>
|
|
1816
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1817
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>smart-lv2</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1818
|
-
<h4 id="_railsframeworkspawneridletime_lt_integer_gt">5.13.5. RailsFrameworkSpawnerIdleTime <integer></h4>
|
|
1819
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The FrameworkSpawner server (explained in <a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a>) has an idle timeout, just like the backend processes spawned by
|
|
1820
|
-
Phusion Passenger do. That is, it will automatically shutdown if it hasn’t done
|
|
1821
|
-
anything for a given period.</p></div>
|
|
1822
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows you to set the FrameworkSpawner server’s idle timeout, in
|
|
1823
|
-
seconds. A value of <em>0</em> means that it should never idle timeout.</p></div>
|
|
1824
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Setting a higher value will mean that the FrameworkSpawner server is kept around
|
|
1825
|
-
longer, which may slightly increase memory usage. But as long as the
|
|
1826
|
-
FrameworkSpawner server is running, the time to spawn a Ruby on Rails backend
|
|
1827
|
-
process only takes about 40% of the time that is normally needed, assuming that
|
|
1828
|
-
you’re using the <em>smart</em> <a href="#RailsSpawnMethod">spawning method</a>. So if your
|
|
1829
|
-
system has enough memory, is it recommended that you set this option to a high
|
|
1830
|
-
value or to <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1831
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur in the global server configuration, and may occur at
|
|
1832
|
-
most once. The default value is <em>1800</em> (30 minutes).</p></div>
|
|
1833
|
-
<h4 id="_railsappspawneridletime_lt_integer_gt">5.13.6. RailsAppSpawnerIdleTime <integer></h4>
|
|
1834
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The ApplicationSpawner server (explained in <a href="#spawning_methods_explained">Spawning methods explained</a>) has an idle timeout, just like the backend processes spawned by
|
|
1835
|
-
Phusion Passenger do. That is, it will automatically shutdown if it hasn’t done
|
|
1836
|
-
anything for a given period.</p></div>
|
|
1837
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows you to set the ApplicationSpawner server’s idle timeout, in
|
|
1838
|
-
seconds. A value of <em>0</em> means that it should never idle timeout.</p></div>
|
|
1839
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Setting a higher value will mean that the ApplicationSpawner server is kept around
|
|
1840
|
-
longer, which may slightly increase memory usage. But as long as the
|
|
1841
|
-
ApplicationSpawner server is running, the time to spawn a Ruby on Rails backend
|
|
1842
|
-
process only takes about 10% of the time that is normally needed, assuming that
|
|
1843
|
-
you’re using the <em>smart</em> or <em>smart-lv2</em> <a href="#RailsSpawnMethod">spawning method</a>. So if your
|
|
1844
|
-
system has enough memory, is it recommended that you set this option to a high
|
|
1845
|
-
value or to <em>0</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1846
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur in the global server configuration, and may occur at
|
|
1847
|
-
most once. The default value is <em>600</em> (10 minutes).</p></div>
|
|
1848
|
-
<h3 id="_rack_specific_options">5.14. Rack-specific options</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1849
|
-
<h4 id="_rackautodetect_lt_on_off_gt">5.14.1. RackAutoDetect <on|off></h4>
|
|
1850
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Whether Phusion Passenger should automatically detect whether a virtual host’s
|
|
1851
|
-
document root is a Rack application. The default is <em>on</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1852
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the global server configuration or in a virtual host
|
|
1853
|
-
configuration block.</p></div>
|
|
1854
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, consider the following configuration:</p></div>
|
|
1855
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1856
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1857
|
-
<pre><tt>RackAutoDetect off
|
|
1858
|
-
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1859
|
-
ServerName www.rackapp.com
|
|
1860
|
-
DocumentRoot /webapps/my_rack_app/public
|
|
1861
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1862
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1863
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If one goes to <em>http://www.rackapp.com/</em>, the visitor will see the contents of
|
|
1864
|
-
the <em>/webapps/my_rack_app/public</em> folder, instead of the output of the Rack
|
|
1865
|
-
application.</p></div>
|
|
1866
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to explicitly specify that the host is a Rack
|
|
1867
|
-
application by using the <a href="#RackBaseURI">RackBaseURI</a> configuration option:</p></div>
|
|
1868
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1869
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1870
|
-
<pre><tt>RackAutoDetect off
|
|
1871
|
-
<VirtualHost *:80>
|
|
1872
|
-
ServerName www.rackapp.com
|
|
1873
|
-
DocumentRoot /webapps/my_rack_app/public
|
|
1874
|
-
RackBaseURI / # This line was added
|
|
1875
|
-
</VirtualHost></tt></pre>
|
|
1876
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1877
|
-
<h4 id="RackBaseURI">5.14.2. RackBaseURI <uri></h4>
|
|
1878
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Used to specify that the given URI is a Rack application. See
|
|
1879
|
-
<a href="#deploying_rack_to_sub_uri">Deploying Rack to a sub URI</a> for an example.</p></div>
|
|
1880
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is allowed to specify this option multiple times. Do this to deploy multiple
|
|
1881
|
-
Rack applications in different sub-URIs under the same virtual host.</p></div>
|
|
1882
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1883
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1884
|
-
<li>
|
|
1885
|
-
<p>
|
|
1886
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1887
|
-
</p>
|
|
1888
|
-
</li>
|
|
1889
|
-
<li>
|
|
1890
|
-
<p>
|
|
1891
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1892
|
-
</p>
|
|
1893
|
-
</li>
|
|
1894
|
-
<li>
|
|
1895
|
-
<p>
|
|
1896
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1897
|
-
</p>
|
|
1898
|
-
</li>
|
|
1899
|
-
<li>
|
|
1900
|
-
<p>
|
|
1901
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverride Options</tt> is on.
|
|
1902
|
-
</p>
|
|
1903
|
-
</li>
|
|
1904
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1905
|
-
<h4 id="rack_env">5.14.3. RackEnv <string></h4>
|
|
1906
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The given value will be accessible in Rack applications in the <tt>RACK_ENV</tt>
|
|
1907
|
-
environment variable. This allows one to define the environment in which
|
|
1908
|
-
Rack applications are run, very similar to <tt>RAILS_ENV</tt>.</p></div>
|
|
1909
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
|
|
1910
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1911
|
-
<li>
|
|
1912
|
-
<p>
|
|
1913
|
-
In the global server configuration.
|
|
1914
|
-
</p>
|
|
1915
|
-
</li>
|
|
1916
|
-
<li>
|
|
1917
|
-
<p>
|
|
1918
|
-
In a virtual host configuration block.
|
|
1919
|
-
</p>
|
|
1920
|
-
</li>
|
|
1921
|
-
<li>
|
|
1922
|
-
<p>
|
|
1923
|
-
In a <tt><Directory></tt> or <tt><Location></tt> block.
|
|
1924
|
-
</p>
|
|
1925
|
-
</li>
|
|
1926
|
-
<li>
|
|
1927
|
-
<p>
|
|
1928
|
-
In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <tt>AllowOverride Options</tt> is on.
|
|
1929
|
-
</p>
|
|
1930
|
-
</li>
|
|
1931
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1932
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>production</em>.</p></div>
|
|
1933
|
-
<h3 id="_deprecated_options">5.15. Deprecated options</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1934
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The following options have been deprecated, but are still supported for backwards
|
|
1935
|
-
compatibility reasons.</p></div>
|
|
1936
|
-
<h4 id="_railsruby">5.15.1. RailsRuby</h4>
|
|
1937
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated in favor of <a href="#PassengerRuby">PassengerRuby</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1938
|
-
<h4 id="_railsuserswitching">5.15.2. RailsUserSwitching</h4>
|
|
1939
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated in favor of <a href="#PassengerUserSwitching">PassengerUserSwitching</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1940
|
-
<h4 id="_railsdefaultuser">5.15.3. RailsDefaultUser</h4>
|
|
1941
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated in favor of <a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">PassengerDefaultUser</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1942
|
-
<h4 id="_railsallowmodrewrite">5.15.4. RailsAllowModRewrite</h4>
|
|
1943
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This option doesn’t do anything anymore in recent versions of Phusion Passenger.</p></div>
|
|
1944
|
-
</div>
|
|
1945
|
-
<h2 id="_troubleshooting">6. Troubleshooting</h2>
|
|
1946
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
1947
|
-
<h3 id="_operating_system_specific_problems">6.1. Operating system-specific problems</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1948
|
-
<h4 id="_macos_x_the_installer_cannot_locate_mamp_8217_s_apache">6.1.1. MacOS X: The installer cannot locate MAMP’s Apache</h4>
|
|
1949
|
-
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
|
1950
|
-
<div class="sidebar-content">
|
|
1951
|
-
<div class="sidebar-title">Symptoms</div>
|
|
1952
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The installer finds Apache 2 development headers at <tt>/Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/apxs</tt>.
|
|
1953
|
-
However, Apache cannot be found. The installer also outputs the following error:</p></div>
|
|
1954
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
1955
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
1956
|
-
<pre><tt>cannot open /Applications/MAMP/Library/build/config_vars.mk:
|
|
1957
|
-
No such file or directory at /Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/apxs line 218.</tt></pre>
|
|
1958
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1959
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1960
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Your MAMP installation seems to be broken. In particular, <em>config_vars.mk</em> is missing.
|
|
1961
|
-
Please read <a href="http://forum.mamp.info/viewtopic.php?t=1866">this forum topic</a> to learn how
|
|
1962
|
-
to fix this problem.</p></div>
|
|
1963
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>See also <a href="http://code.google.com/p/phusion-passenger/issues/detail?id=12">this bug report</a>.</p></div>
|
|
1964
|
-
<h3 id="_problems_during_installation">6.2. Problems during installation</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
1965
|
-
<h4 id="installing_ruby_dev">6.2.1. Ruby development headers aren’t installed</h4>
|
|
1966
|
-
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
|
1967
|
-
<div class="sidebar-content">
|
|
1968
|
-
<div class="sidebar-title">Symptoms</div>
|
|
1969
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Installing Phusion Passenger fails because of one of the following errors:</p></div>
|
|
1970
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
1971
|
-
<li>
|
|
1972
|
-
<p>
|
|
1973
|
-
The Phusion Passenger installer tells you that the Ruby development headers
|
|
1974
|
-
aren’t installed.
|
|
1975
|
-
</p>
|
|
1976
|
-
</li>
|
|
1977
|
-
<li>
|
|
1978
|
-
<p>
|
|
1979
|
-
The error message “<em>no such file to load — mkmf”</em> occurs.
|
|
1980
|
-
</p>
|
|
1981
|
-
</li>
|
|
1982
|
-
<li>
|
|
1983
|
-
<p>
|
|
1984
|
-
The error message “<em>ruby.h: No such file or directory”</em> occurs.
|
|
1985
|
-
</p>
|
|
1986
|
-
</li>
|
|
1987
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
1988
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
1989
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger makes use of a native extension, so the Ruby development headers
|
|
1990
|
-
must be installed. On most Linux systems, Ruby and the Ruby development headers
|
|
1991
|
-
are contained in separate packages, so having Ruby installed does not
|
|
1992
|
-
automatically imply having the development headers installed.</p></div>
|
|
1993
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Here’s how you can install the development headers:</p></div>
|
|
1994
|
-
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
1995
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
1996
|
-
Ubuntu/Debian
|
|
1997
|
-
</dt>
|
|
1998
|
-
<dd>
|
|
1999
|
-
<p>
|
|
2000
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2001
|
-
</p>
|
|
2002
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2003
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2004
|
-
<pre><tt>sudo apt-get install ruby1.8-dev</tt></pre>
|
|
2005
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2006
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2007
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2008
|
-
Fedora/CentOS/RHEL
|
|
2009
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2010
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2011
|
-
<p>
|
|
2012
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2013
|
-
</p>
|
|
2014
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2015
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2016
|
-
<pre><tt>su -c 'yum install ruby-devel'</tt></pre>
|
|
2017
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2018
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2019
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2020
|
-
FreeBSD
|
|
2021
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2022
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2023
|
-
<p>
|
|
2024
|
-
Please install Ruby from <em>ports</em> or with <tt>pkg_add</tt>. If that fails,
|
|
2025
|
-
please install Ruby from source.
|
|
2026
|
-
</p>
|
|
2027
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2028
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2029
|
-
MacOS X
|
|
2030
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2031
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2032
|
-
<p>
|
|
2033
|
-
Please install Ruby from source.
|
|
2034
|
-
</p>
|
|
2035
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2036
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2037
|
-
Other operating systems
|
|
2038
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2039
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2040
|
-
<p>
|
|
2041
|
-
Please consult your operating system’s native package database.
|
|
2042
|
-
There should be a package containing the Ruby development headers.
|
|
2043
|
-
If that fails, please install Ruby from source.
|
|
2044
|
-
</p>
|
|
2045
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2046
|
-
</dl></div>
|
|
2047
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
2048
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
2049
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
2050
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
2051
|
-
</td>
|
|
2052
|
-
<td class="content">If you’ve installed a new Ruby version (i.e. your system now contains
|
|
2053
|
-
multiple Ruby installations), then you will need to tell Phusion Passenger
|
|
2054
|
-
which Ruby installation you want to use. Please read
|
|
2055
|
-
<a href="#specifying_ruby_installation">Specifying the correct Ruby installation</a>.</td>
|
|
2056
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
2057
|
-
</div>
|
|
2058
|
-
<h4 id="_apache_development_headers_aren_8217_t_installed">6.2.2. Apache development headers aren’t installed</h4>
|
|
2059
|
-
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
|
2060
|
-
<div class="sidebar-content">
|
|
2061
|
-
<div class="sidebar-title">Symptoms</div>
|
|
2062
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Installing Phusion Passenger fails because of one of the following errors:</p></div>
|
|
2063
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2064
|
-
<li>
|
|
2065
|
-
<p>
|
|
2066
|
-
The installer says that the Apache development headers aren’t installed.
|
|
2067
|
-
</p>
|
|
2068
|
-
</li>
|
|
2069
|
-
<li>
|
|
2070
|
-
<p>
|
|
2071
|
-
The error message “<em>httpd.h: No such file or directory”</em> occurs.
|
|
2072
|
-
</p>
|
|
2073
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>(Instead of <em>httpd.h</em>, the message might also be <em>http_config.h</em> or something
|
|
2074
|
-
else similar to <em>http_*.h</em>.)</p></div>
|
|
2075
|
-
</li>
|
|
2076
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
2077
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2078
|
-
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
2079
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2080
|
-
Ubuntu
|
|
2081
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2082
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2083
|
-
<p>
|
|
2084
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2085
|
-
</p>
|
|
2086
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2087
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2088
|
-
<pre><tt>sudo apt-get install apache2-prefork-dev</tt></pre>
|
|
2089
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2090
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2091
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2092
|
-
Debian
|
|
2093
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2094
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2095
|
-
<p>
|
|
2096
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2097
|
-
</p>
|
|
2098
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2099
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2100
|
-
<pre><tt>sudo apt-get install apache2-dev</tt></pre>
|
|
2101
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2102
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2103
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2104
|
-
Fedora/CentOS/RHEL
|
|
2105
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2106
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2107
|
-
<p>
|
|
2108
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2109
|
-
</p>
|
|
2110
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2111
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2112
|
-
<pre><tt>su -c 'yum install httpd-devel'</tt></pre>
|
|
2113
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2114
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2115
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2116
|
-
FreeBSD
|
|
2117
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2118
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2119
|
-
<p>
|
|
2120
|
-
Please install Apache from <em>ports</em> or with <tt>pkg_add</tt>. If that fails,
|
|
2121
|
-
please install Apache from source.
|
|
2122
|
-
</p>
|
|
2123
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2124
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2125
|
-
MacOS X
|
|
2126
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2127
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2128
|
-
<p>
|
|
2129
|
-
Please install Apache from source.
|
|
2130
|
-
</p>
|
|
2131
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2132
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2133
|
-
Other operating systems
|
|
2134
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2135
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2136
|
-
<p>
|
|
2137
|
-
Please consult your operating system’s native package database.
|
|
2138
|
-
There should be a package containing the Apache development headers.
|
|
2139
|
-
If that fails, please install Apache from source.
|
|
2140
|
-
</p>
|
|
2141
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2142
|
-
</dl></div>
|
|
2143
|
-
<h4 id="_apr_development_headers_aren_8217_t_installed">6.2.3. APR development headers aren’t installed</h4>
|
|
2144
|
-
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
|
2145
|
-
<div class="sidebar-content">
|
|
2146
|
-
<div class="sidebar-title">Symptoms</div>
|
|
2147
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Installing Phusion Passenger fails because one of the following errors:</p></div>
|
|
2148
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2149
|
-
<li>
|
|
2150
|
-
<p>
|
|
2151
|
-
The installer tells you that APR development headers aren’t installed.
|
|
2152
|
-
</p>
|
|
2153
|
-
</li>
|
|
2154
|
-
<li>
|
|
2155
|
-
<p>
|
|
2156
|
-
The error message “<em>apr_pools.h: No such file or directory”</em> occurs.
|
|
2157
|
-
</p>
|
|
2158
|
-
</li>
|
|
2159
|
-
<li>
|
|
2160
|
-
<p>
|
|
2161
|
-
The error message “<em>apr_strings.h: No such file or directory”</em> occurs.
|
|
2162
|
-
</p>
|
|
2163
|
-
</li>
|
|
2164
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
2165
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2166
|
-
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
2167
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2168
|
-
Ubuntu
|
|
2169
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2170
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2171
|
-
<p>
|
|
2172
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2173
|
-
</p>
|
|
2174
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2175
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2176
|
-
<pre><tt>sudo apt-get install libapr1-dev</tt></pre>
|
|
2177
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2178
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2179
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2180
|
-
Debian
|
|
2181
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2182
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2183
|
-
<p>
|
|
2184
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2185
|
-
</p>
|
|
2186
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2187
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2188
|
-
<pre><tt>sudo apt-get install libapr1-dev</tt></pre>
|
|
2189
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2190
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2191
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2192
|
-
Fedora/CentOS/RHEL
|
|
2193
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2194
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2195
|
-
<p>
|
|
2196
|
-
Please type:
|
|
2197
|
-
</p>
|
|
2198
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2199
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2200
|
-
<pre><tt>su -c 'yum install apr-devel'</tt></pre>
|
|
2201
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2202
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2203
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2204
|
-
Other Linux distributions
|
|
2205
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2206
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2207
|
-
<p>
|
|
2208
|
-
Please consult your distribution’s package database. There should be a
|
|
2209
|
-
package which provides APR development headers.
|
|
2210
|
-
</p>
|
|
2211
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2212
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2213
|
-
Other operating systems
|
|
2214
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2215
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2216
|
-
<p>
|
|
2217
|
-
The APR development are bundled with Apache. If the APR headers aren’t,
|
|
2218
|
-
then it probably means that they have been removed after Apache’s been
|
|
2219
|
-
installed. Please reinstall Apache to get back the APR headers.
|
|
2220
|
-
</p>
|
|
2221
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2222
|
-
</dl></div>
|
|
2223
|
-
<h4 id="_phusion_passenger_is_using_the_wrong_apache_during_installation">6.2.4. Phusion Passenger is using the wrong Apache during installation</h4>
|
|
2224
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please <a href="#specifying_correct_apache_install">Specifying the correct Apache installation</a>, and re-run the Phusion Passenger installer.</p></div>
|
|
2225
|
-
<h4 id="_phusion_passenger_is_using_the_wrong_ruby_during_installation">6.2.5. Phusion Passenger is using the wrong Ruby during installation</h4>
|
|
2226
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please <a href="#specifying_ruby_installation">Specifying the correct Ruby installation</a>, and re-run the Phusion Passenger installer.</p></div>
|
|
2227
|
-
<h3 id="_problems_after_installation">6.3. Problems after installation</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2228
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
2229
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
2230
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
2231
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
|
|
2232
|
-
</td>
|
|
2233
|
-
<td class="content">
|
|
2234
|
-
<div class="title">The golden tip: read your Apache error logs!</div>
|
|
2235
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>mod_passenger</em> will write all errors to the Apache error log. So if
|
|
2236
|
-
you’re experiencing post-installation problems, please look
|
|
2237
|
-
inside the Apache error logs. It will tell you what exactly went wrong.</p></div>
|
|
2238
|
-
</td>
|
|
2239
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
2240
|
-
</div>
|
|
2241
|
-
<h4 id="_my_rails_application_works_on_mongrel_but_not_on_phusion_passenger">6.3.1. My Rails application works on Mongrel, but not on Phusion Passenger</h4>
|
|
2242
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please try setting <a href="#RailsSpawnMethod">RailsSpawnMethod</a> to <em>conservative</em>.</p></div>
|
|
2243
|
-
<h4 id="_phusion_passenger_has_been_compiled_against_the_wrong_apache_installation">6.3.2. Phusion Passenger has been compiled against the wrong Apache installation</h4>
|
|
2244
|
-
<div class="sidebarblock">
|
|
2245
|
-
<div class="sidebar-content">
|
|
2246
|
-
<div class="sidebar-title">Symptoms</div>
|
|
2247
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Apache crashes during startup (after being daemonized). The Apache error log
|
|
2248
|
-
says “<em>seg fault or similar nasty error detected in the parent process”</em>.</p></div>
|
|
2249
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2250
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This problem is most likely to occur on MacOS X. Most OS X users have multiple
|
|
2251
|
-
Apache installations on their system.</p></div>
|
|
2252
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>To solve this problem, please <a href="#specifying_correct_apache_install">specify the correct Apache installation</a>, and <a href="#install_passenger">reinstall Phusion Passenger</a>.</p></div>
|
|
2253
|
-
<h4 id="_i_get_a_304_forbidden_error">6.3.3. I get a "304 Forbidden" error</h4>
|
|
2254
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>See next subsection.</p></div>
|
|
2255
|
-
<h4 id="_static_assets_such_as_images_and_stylesheets_aren_8217_t_being_displayed">6.3.4. Static assets such as images and stylesheets aren’t being displayed</h4>
|
|
2256
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Static assets are accelerated, i.e. they are served directly by Apache and do not
|
|
2257
|
-
go through the Rails stack. There are two reasons why Apache doesn’t serve static
|
|
2258
|
-
assets correctly:</p></div>
|
|
2259
|
-
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
2260
|
-
<li>
|
|
2261
|
-
<p>
|
|
2262
|
-
Your Apache configuration is too strict, and does not allow HTTP clients to
|
|
2263
|
-
access static assets. This can be achieved with an <tt>Allow from all</tt> directive
|
|
2264
|
-
in the correct place. For example:
|
|
2265
|
-
</p>
|
|
2266
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2267
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2268
|
-
<pre><tt><Directory "/webapps/mycook/public">
|
|
2269
|
-
Options FollowSymLinks
|
|
2270
|
-
AllowOverride None
|
|
2271
|
-
Order allow,deny
|
|
2272
|
-
Allow from all
|
|
2273
|
-
</Directory></tt></pre>
|
|
2274
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2275
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>See also <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/phusion-passenger/browse_thread/thread/9699a639a87f85f4/b9d71a03bf2670a5">this discussion</a>.</p></div>
|
|
2276
|
-
</li>
|
|
2277
|
-
<li>
|
|
2278
|
-
<p>
|
|
2279
|
-
The Apache process doesn’t have permission to access your Rails application’s folder.
|
|
2280
|
-
Please make sure that the Rails application’s folder, as well as all of its parent folders,
|
|
2281
|
-
have the correct permissions and/or ownerships.
|
|
2282
|
-
</p>
|
|
2283
|
-
</li>
|
|
2284
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
2285
|
-
<h4 id="_the_apache_error_log_says_that_the_spawn_manager_script_does_not_exist_or_that_it_does_not_have_permission_to_execute_it">6.3.5. The Apache error log says that the spawn manager script does not exist, or that it does not have permission to execute it</h4>
|
|
2286
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you are sure that the <em>PassengerRoot</em> configuration option is set correctly,
|
|
2287
|
-
then this problem is most likely caused by the fact that you’re running Apache
|
|
2288
|
-
with SELinux. On Fedora, CentOS and RedHat Enterprise Linux, Apache is locked
|
|
2289
|
-
down by SELinux policies.</p></div>
|
|
2290
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>To solve this problem, you must set some permissions on the Phusion Passenger files
|
|
2291
|
-
and folders, so that Apache can access them.</p></div>
|
|
2292
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2293
|
-
<li>
|
|
2294
|
-
<p>
|
|
2295
|
-
If you’ve installed Phusion Passenger via a gem, then run this command to determine
|
|
2296
|
-
Phusion Passenger’s root folder:
|
|
2297
|
-
</p>
|
|
2298
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2299
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2300
|
-
<pre><tt>passenger-config --root</tt></pre>
|
|
2301
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2302
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Next, run the following command:</p></div>
|
|
2303
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2304
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2305
|
-
<pre><tt>chcon -R -h -t httpd_sys_content_t /path-to-passenger-root</tt></pre>
|
|
2306
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2307
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>where <em>/path-to-passenger-root</em> should be replaced with whatever
|
|
2308
|
-
<tt>passenger-config --root</tt> printed.</p></div>
|
|
2309
|
-
</li>
|
|
2310
|
-
<li>
|
|
2311
|
-
<p>
|
|
2312
|
-
If you’ve installed Phusion Passenger via the source tarball, then run the following
|
|
2313
|
-
command:
|
|
2314
|
-
</p>
|
|
2315
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2316
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2317
|
-
<pre><tt>chcon -R -h -t httpd_sys_content_t /path/to/passenger/folder</tt></pre>
|
|
2318
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2319
|
-
</li>
|
|
2320
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
2321
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Once the permissions are fixed, restart Apache.</p></div>
|
|
2322
|
-
<h4 id="_the_rails_application_reports_that_it_8217_s_unable_to_start_because_of_a_permission_error">6.3.6. The Rails application reports that it’s unable to start because of a permission error</h4>
|
|
2323
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please check whether your Rails application’s folder has the correct
|
|
2324
|
-
permissions. By default, Rails applications are started as the owner of the
|
|
2325
|
-
file <em>config/environment.rb</em>, except if the file is owned by root. If the
|
|
2326
|
-
file is owned by root, then the Rails application will be started as <em>nobody</em>
|
|
2327
|
-
(or as the user specify by <a href="#RailsDefaultUser">RailsDefaultUser</a>, if that’s
|
|
2328
|
-
specified).</p></div>
|
|
2329
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Please read <a href="#user_switching">User switching (security)</a> for details.</p></div>
|
|
2330
|
-
<h4 id="_my_rails_application_8217_s_log_file_is_not_being_written_to">6.3.7. My Rails application’s log file is not being written to</h4>
|
|
2331
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are a couple things that you should be aware of:</p></div>
|
|
2332
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2333
|
-
<li>
|
|
2334
|
-
<p>
|
|
2335
|
-
By default, Phusion Passenger runs Rails applications in <em>production</em> mode,
|
|
2336
|
-
so please be sure to check <em>production.log</em> instead of <em>development.log</em>. See
|
|
2337
|
-
<a href="#RailsEnv">RailsEnv</a> for configuration.
|
|
2338
|
-
</p>
|
|
2339
|
-
</li>
|
|
2340
|
-
<li>
|
|
2341
|
-
<p>
|
|
2342
|
-
By default, Phusion Passenger runs Rails applications as the owner of <em>environment.rb</em>.
|
|
2343
|
-
So the log file can only be written to if that user has write permission to the
|
|
2344
|
-
log file. Please <em>chmod</em> or <em>chown</em> your log file accordingly.
|
|
2345
|
-
</p>
|
|
2346
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="#User_switching">User switching (security)</a> for details.</p></div>
|
|
2347
|
-
</li>
|
|
2348
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
2349
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you’re using a RedHat-derived Linux distribution (such as Fedora or CentOS)
|
|
2350
|
-
then it is <a href="http://code.google.com/p/phusion-passenger/issues/detail?id=4">possible
|
|
2351
|
-
that SELinux is interfering</a>. RedHat’s SELinux policy only allows Apache to read/write
|
|
2352
|
-
directories that have the <em>httpd_sys_content_t</em> security context. Please run the
|
|
2353
|
-
following command to give your Rails application folder that context:</p></div>
|
|
2354
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2355
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2356
|
-
<pre><tt>chcon -R -h -t httpd_sys_content_t /path/to/your/rails/app</tt></pre>
|
|
2357
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2358
|
-
<h3 id="conflicting_apache_modules">6.4. Conflicting Apache modules</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2359
|
-
<h4 id="_mod_userdir">6.4.1. mod_userdir</h4>
|
|
2360
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>mod_userdir</em> is not compatible with Phusion Passenger at the moment.</p></div>
|
|
2361
|
-
<h4 id="_virtualdocumentroot">6.4.2. VirtualDocumentRoot</h4>
|
|
2362
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>VirtualDocumentRoot is not compatible with Phusion Passenger at the moment.</p></div>
|
|
2363
|
-
</div>
|
|
2364
|
-
<h2 id="_analysis_and_system_maintenance_tools">7. Analysis and system maintenance tools</h2>
|
|
2365
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
2366
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger provides a set of tools, which are useful for system analysis,
|
|
2367
|
-
maintenance and troubleshooting.</p></div>
|
|
2368
|
-
<h3 id="_inspecting_memory_usage">7.1. Inspecting memory usage</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2369
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Process inspection tools such as <tt>ps</tt> and <tt>top</tt> are useful, but they
|
|
2370
|
-
<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/phusion-passenger/msg/1fd1c233456d3180">rarely show the correct memory usage</a>.
|
|
2371
|
-
The real memory usage is usually lower than what <tt>ps</tt> and <tt>top</tt> report.</p></div>
|
|
2372
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are many technical reasons why this is so, but an explanation is beyond
|
|
2373
|
-
the scope of this Users Guide. We kindly refer the interested reader to
|
|
2374
|
-
operating systems literature about <em>virtual memory</em> and <em>copy-on-write</em>.</p></div>
|
|
2375
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The tool <tt>passenger-memory-stats</tt> allows one to easily analyze Phusion Passenger’s
|
|
2376
|
-
and Apache’s real memory usage. For example:</p></div>
|
|
2377
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2378
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2379
|
-
<pre><tt>[bash@localhost root]# passenger-memory-stats
|
|
2380
|
-
------------- Apache processes --------------.
|
|
2381
|
-
PID PPID Threads VMSize Private Name
|
|
2382
|
-
---------------------------------------------.
|
|
2383
|
-
5947 1 9 90.6 MB 0.5 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
2384
|
-
5948 5947 1 18.9 MB 0.7 MB /usr/sbin/fcgi-pm -k start
|
|
2385
|
-
6029 5947 1 42.7 MB 0.5 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
2386
|
-
6030 5947 1 42.7 MB 0.5 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
2387
|
-
6031 5947 1 42.5 MB 0.3 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
2388
|
-
6033 5947 1 42.5 MB 0.4 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
2389
|
-
6034 5947 1 50.5 MB 0.4 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
2390
|
-
23482 5947 1 82.6 MB 0.4 MB /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
|
|
2391
|
-
### Processes: 8
|
|
2392
|
-
### Total private dirty RSS: 3.50 MB
|
|
2393
|
-
|
|
2394
|
-
--------- Passenger processes ---------.
|
|
2395
|
-
PID Threads VMSize Private Name
|
|
2396
|
-
---------------------------------------.
|
|
2397
|
-
6026 1 10.9 MB 4.7 MB Passenger spawn server
|
|
2398
|
-
23481 1 26.7 MB 3.0 MB Passenger FrameworkSpawner: 2.0.2
|
|
2399
|
-
23791 1 26.8 MB 2.9 MB Passenger ApplicationSpawner: /var/www/projects/app1-foobar
|
|
2400
|
-
23793 1 26.9 MB 17.1 MB Rails: /var/www/projects/app1-foobar
|
|
2401
|
-
### Processes: 4
|
|
2402
|
-
### Total private dirty RSS: 27.76 M</tt></pre>
|
|
2403
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2404
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>Private</em> or <em>private dirty RSS</em> field shows the <strong>real</strong> memory usage of processes. Here,
|
|
2405
|
-
we see that all the Apache worker processes only take less than 1 MB memory each.
|
|
2406
|
-
This is a lot less than the 50 MB-ish memory usage as shown in the <em>VMSize</em> column
|
|
2407
|
-
(which is what a lot of people think is the real memory usage, but is actually not).</p></div>
|
|
2408
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
2409
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
2410
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
2411
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
2412
|
-
</td>
|
|
2413
|
-
<td class="content">This tool only works on Linux. Unfortunately other operating systems don’t
|
|
2414
|
-
provide facilities for determining processes' private dirty RSS.</td>
|
|
2415
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
2416
|
-
</div>
|
|
2417
|
-
<h3 id="_inspecting_phusion_passenger_8217_s_internal_status">7.2. Inspecting Phusion Passenger’s internal status</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2418
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>One can inspect Phusion Passenger’s internal status with the tool <tt>passenger-status</tt>.
|
|
2419
|
-
This tool must typically be run as root. For example:</p></div>
|
|
2420
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2421
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2422
|
-
<pre><tt>[bash@localhost root]# passenger-status
|
|
2423
|
-
----------- General information -----------
|
|
2424
|
-
max = 6
|
|
2425
|
-
count = 1
|
|
2426
|
-
active = 0
|
|
2427
|
-
inactive = 1
|
|
2428
|
-
|
|
2429
|
-
----------- Domains -----------
|
|
2430
|
-
/var/www/projects/app1-foobar:
|
|
2431
|
-
PID: 9617 Sessions: 0 Processed: 7 Uptime: 2m 23s</tt></pre>
|
|
2432
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2433
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>general information</em> section shows the following information:</p></div>
|
|
2434
|
-
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
2435
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2436
|
-
max
|
|
2437
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2438
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2439
|
-
<p>
|
|
2440
|
-
The maximum number of application instances that Phusion Passenger will
|
|
2441
|
-
spawn. This equals the value given for <a href="#PassengerMaxPoolSize">PassengerMaxPoolSize</a>.
|
|
2442
|
-
</p>
|
|
2443
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2444
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2445
|
-
count
|
|
2446
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2447
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2448
|
-
<p>
|
|
2449
|
-
The number of application instances that are currently alive. This value
|
|
2450
|
-
is always less than or equal to <em>max</em>.
|
|
2451
|
-
</p>
|
|
2452
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2453
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2454
|
-
active
|
|
2455
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2456
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2457
|
-
<p>
|
|
2458
|
-
The number of application instances that are currently processing
|
|
2459
|
-
requests. This value is always less than or equal to <em>count</em>.
|
|
2460
|
-
</p>
|
|
2461
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2462
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2463
|
-
inactive
|
|
2464
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2465
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2466
|
-
<p>
|
|
2467
|
-
The number of application instances that are currently <strong>not</strong> processing
|
|
2468
|
-
requests, i.e. are idle. Idle application instances will be shutdown after a while,
|
|
2469
|
-
as can be specified with <a href="#PassengerPoolIdleTime">PassengerPoolIdleTime</a> (unless this
|
|
2470
|
-
value is set to 0, in which case application instances are never shut down via idle
|
|
2471
|
-
time). The value of <em>inactive</em> equals <tt>count - active</tt>.
|
|
2472
|
-
</p>
|
|
2473
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2474
|
-
</dl></div>
|
|
2475
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>domains</em> section shows, for each application directory, information about running
|
|
2476
|
-
application instances:</p></div>
|
|
2477
|
-
<div class="dlist"><dl>
|
|
2478
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2479
|
-
Sessions
|
|
2480
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2481
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2482
|
-
<p>
|
|
2483
|
-
Shows how many HTTP client are currently in the queue of that application
|
|
2484
|
-
Instance, waiting to be processed.
|
|
2485
|
-
</p>
|
|
2486
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2487
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2488
|
-
Processed
|
|
2489
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2490
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2491
|
-
<p>
|
|
2492
|
-
Indicates how many requests the instance has served until now. <strong>Tip:</strong> it’s
|
|
2493
|
-
possible to limit this number with the <a href="#PassengerMaxRequests">PassengerMaxRequests</a>
|
|
2494
|
-
configuration directive.
|
|
2495
|
-
</p>
|
|
2496
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2497
|
-
<dt class="hdlist1">
|
|
2498
|
-
Uptime
|
|
2499
|
-
</dt>
|
|
2500
|
-
<dd>
|
|
2501
|
-
<p>
|
|
2502
|
-
Shows for how long the application instance has been running.
|
|
2503
|
-
</p>
|
|
2504
|
-
</dd>
|
|
2505
|
-
</dl></div>
|
|
2506
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Since Phusion Passenger uses fair load balancing by default, the number of sessions for the
|
|
2507
|
-
application instances should be fairly close to each other. For example, this is fairly
|
|
2508
|
-
normal:</p></div>
|
|
2509
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2510
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2511
|
-
<pre><tt> PID: 4281 Sessions: 2 Processed: 7 Uptime: 5m 11s
|
|
2512
|
-
PID: 4268 Sessions: 0 Processed: 5 Uptime: 4m 52s
|
|
2513
|
-
PID: 4265 Sessions: 1 Processed: 6 Uptime: 5m 38s
|
|
2514
|
-
PID: 4275 Sessions: 1 Processed: 7 Uptime: 3m 14s</tt></pre>
|
|
2515
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2516
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>But if you see a "spike", i.e. an application instance has an unusually high number of
|
|
2517
|
-
sessions compared to the others, then there might be a problem:</p></div>
|
|
2518
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2519
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2520
|
-
<pre><tt> PID: 4281 Sessions: 2 Processed: 7 Uptime: 5m 11s
|
|
2521
|
-
PID: 17468 Sessions: 8 <-+ Processed: 2 Uptime: 4m 47s
|
|
2522
|
-
PID: 4265 Sessions: 1 | Processed: 6 Uptime: 5m 38s
|
|
2523
|
-
PID: 4275 Sessions: 1 | Processed: 7 Uptime: 3m 14s
|
|
2524
|
-
|
|
|
2525
|
-
+---- "spike"</tt></pre>
|
|
2526
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2527
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Possible reasons why spikes can occur:</p></div>
|
|
2528
|
-
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
2529
|
-
<li>
|
|
2530
|
-
<p>
|
|
2531
|
-
Your application is busy processing a request that takes a very long time.
|
|
2532
|
-
If this is the case, then you might want to turn
|
|
2533
|
-
<a href="#PassengerUseGlobalQueue">global queuing</a> on.
|
|
2534
|
-
</p>
|
|
2535
|
-
</li>
|
|
2536
|
-
<li>
|
|
2537
|
-
<p>
|
|
2538
|
-
Your application is frozen, i.e. has stopped responding. See
|
|
2539
|
-
<a href="#debugging_frozen">Debugging frozen applications</a> for tips.
|
|
2540
|
-
</p>
|
|
2541
|
-
</li>
|
|
2542
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
2543
|
-
<h3 id="debugging_frozen">7.3. Debugging frozen applications</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2544
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If one of your application instances is frozen (stopped responding), then you
|
|
2545
|
-
can figure out where it is frozen by killing it with <em>SIGABRT</em>. This will cause the
|
|
2546
|
-
application to raise an exception, with a backtrace.</p></div>
|
|
2547
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The exception (with full backtrace information) is normally logged into the Apache
|
|
2548
|
-
error log. But if your application or if its web framework has its own exception logging
|
|
2549
|
-
routines, then exceptions might be logged into the application’s log files instead.
|
|
2550
|
-
This is the case with Ruby on Rails. So if you kill a Ruby on Rails application with
|
|
2551
|
-
<em>SIGABRT</em>, please check the application’s <em>production.log</em> first (assuming that you’re
|
|
2552
|
-
running it in a <em>production</em> environment). If you don’t see a backtrace there, check
|
|
2553
|
-
the Apache error log.</p></div>
|
|
2554
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
2555
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
2556
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
2557
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
2558
|
-
</td>
|
|
2559
|
-
<td class="content">It is safe to kill application instances, even in live environments. Phusion Passenger
|
|
2560
|
-
will restart killed application instances, as if nothing bad happened.</td>
|
|
2561
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
2562
|
-
</div>
|
|
2563
|
-
</div>
|
|
2564
|
-
<h2 id="_tips">8. Tips</h2>
|
|
2565
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
2566
|
-
<h3 id="user_switching">8.1. User switching (security)</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2567
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>There is a problem that plagues most PHP web hosts, namely the fact that all PHP
|
|
2568
|
-
applications are run in the same user context as the web server. So for
|
|
2569
|
-
example, Joe’s PHP application will be able to read Jane’s PHP application’s
|
|
2570
|
-
passwords. This is obviously undesirable on many servers.</p></div>
|
|
2571
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger solves this problem by implementing <em>user switching</em>. A Rails
|
|
2572
|
-
application is started as the owner of the file <em>config/environment.rb</em>,
|
|
2573
|
-
and a Rack application is started as the owner of the file <em>config.ru</em>.
|
|
2574
|
-
So if <em>/home/webapps/foo/config/environment.rb</em> is owned by <em>joe</em>, then Phusion
|
|
2575
|
-
Passenger will launch the corresponding Rails application as <em>joe</em> as well.</p></div>
|
|
2576
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This behavior is the default, and you don’t need to configure anything. But
|
|
2577
|
-
there are things that you should keep in mind:</p></div>
|
|
2578
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2579
|
-
<li>
|
|
2580
|
-
<p>
|
|
2581
|
-
The owner of <em>environment.rb</em> must have read access to the Rails application’s
|
|
2582
|
-
folder, and read/write access to the Rails application’s <em>logs</em> folder.
|
|
2583
|
-
Likewise, the owner of <em>config.ru</em> must have read access to the Rack application’s
|
|
2584
|
-
folder.
|
|
2585
|
-
</p>
|
|
2586
|
-
</li>
|
|
2587
|
-
<li>
|
|
2588
|
-
<p>
|
|
2589
|
-
This feature is only available if Apache is started by <em>root</em>. This is the
|
|
2590
|
-
case on most Apache installations.
|
|
2591
|
-
</p>
|
|
2592
|
-
</li>
|
|
2593
|
-
<li>
|
|
2594
|
-
<p>
|
|
2595
|
-
Under no circumstances will applications be run as <em>root</em>. If
|
|
2596
|
-
<em>environment.rb</em>/<em>config.ru</em> is owned as root or by an unknown user, then the
|
|
2597
|
-
Rails/Rack application will run as the user specified by
|
|
2598
|
-
<a href="#PassengerDefaultUser">PassengerDefaultUser</a>.
|
|
2599
|
-
</p>
|
|
2600
|
-
</li>
|
|
2601
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
2602
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>User switching can be disabled with the
|
|
2603
|
-
<a href="#PassengerUserSwitching">PassengerUserSwitching</a> option.</p></div>
|
|
2604
|
-
<h3 id="reducing_memory_usage">8.2. Reducing memory consumption of Ruby on Rails applications by 33%</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2605
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Is it possible to reduce memory consumption of your Rails applications by 33% on average,
|
|
2606
|
-
by using <a href="http://www.rubyenterpriseedition.com/">Ruby Enterprise Edition</a>.
|
|
2607
|
-
Please visit the website for details.</p></div>
|
|
2608
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this feature does not apply to Rack applications.</p></div>
|
|
2609
|
-
<h3 id="capistrano">8.3. Capistrano recipe</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2610
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger can be combined with <a href="http://capify.org/">Capistrano</a>.
|
|
2611
|
-
The following Capistrano recipe demonstrates Phusion Passenger support.
|
|
2612
|
-
It assumes that you’re using Git as version control system.</p></div>
|
|
2613
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2614
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2615
|
-
<pre><tt>set :application, "myapp"
|
|
2616
|
-
set :domain, "example.com"
|
|
2617
|
-
set :repository, "ssh://#{domain}/path-to-your-git-repo/#{application}.git"
|
|
2618
|
-
set :use_sudo, false
|
|
2619
|
-
set :deploy_to, "/path-to-your-web-app-directory/#{application}"
|
|
2620
|
-
set :scm, "git"
|
|
2621
|
-
|
|
2622
|
-
role :app, domain
|
|
2623
|
-
role :web, domain
|
|
2624
|
-
role :db, domain, :primary => true
|
|
2625
|
-
|
|
2626
|
-
namespace :deploy do
|
|
2627
|
-
task :start, :roles => :app do
|
|
2628
|
-
run "touch #{current_release}/tmp/restart.txt"
|
|
2629
|
-
end
|
|
2630
|
-
|
|
2631
|
-
task :stop, :roles => :app do
|
|
2632
|
-
# Do nothing.
|
|
2633
|
-
end
|
|
2634
|
-
|
|
2635
|
-
desc "Restart Application"
|
|
2636
|
-
task :restart, :roles => :app do
|
|
2637
|
-
run "touch #{current_release}/tmp/restart.txt"
|
|
2638
|
-
end
|
|
2639
|
-
end</tt></pre>
|
|
2640
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2641
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You may notice that after each deploy, a new spawner server is
|
|
2642
|
-
created (it’ll show up in <tt>passenger-memory-stats</tt>). Indeed, Capistrano will deploy
|
|
2643
|
-
to a path ending with <em>/current</em> (ie : <em>/u/apps/yourapp/current</em>), so that you don’t
|
|
2644
|
-
have to care about revisions in your virtual host configuration. This <em>/current</em> directory
|
|
2645
|
-
is a symlink to the current revision deployed (<em>/path_to_app/releases/date_of_the_release</em>).
|
|
2646
|
-
Phusion Passenger recognizes applications by their full canonical path, so after
|
|
2647
|
-
deploying a new version, Phusion Passenger will think that the new version is
|
|
2648
|
-
a totally different application, thereby creating a new spawner server:</p></div>
|
|
2649
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2650
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2651
|
-
<pre><tt>1001 30291 [...] Passenger ApplicationSpawner: /u/apps/my_app/releases/20080509104413
|
|
2652
|
-
1001 31371 [...] Passenger ApplicationSpawner: /u/apps/my_app/releases/20080509104632</tt></pre>
|
|
2653
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2654
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Don’t worry about this. The (old) spawner server will terminate itself after its
|
|
2655
|
-
timeout period (10 minutes by default), so you will not run out of memory.</p></div>
|
|
2656
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you really want to release the spawner server’s memory immediately, then you can add a command
|
|
2657
|
-
to your Capistrano script to terminate the Passenger spawn server after each deploy. That
|
|
2658
|
-
command is as follows:</p></div>
|
|
2659
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2660
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2661
|
-
<pre><tt>kill $( passenger-memory-stats | grep 'Passenger spawn server' | awk '{ print $1 }' )</tt></pre>
|
|
2662
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2663
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Killing the spawn server is completely safe, because Phusion Passenger will restart the
|
|
2664
|
-
spawn server if it has been terminated.</p></div>
|
|
2665
|
-
<h3 id="_moving_phusion_passenger_to_a_different_directory">8.4. Moving Phusion Passenger to a different directory</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2666
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to relocate the Phusion Passenger files to a different directory. It
|
|
2667
|
-
involves two steps:</p></div>
|
|
2668
|
-
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
2669
|
-
<li>
|
|
2670
|
-
<p>
|
|
2671
|
-
Moving the directory.
|
|
2672
|
-
</p>
|
|
2673
|
-
</li>
|
|
2674
|
-
<li>
|
|
2675
|
-
<p>
|
|
2676
|
-
Updating the “PassengerRoot” configuration option in Apache.
|
|
2677
|
-
</p>
|
|
2678
|
-
</li>
|
|
2679
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
2680
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if Phusion Passenger is located in <em>/opt/passenger/</em>, and you’d like to
|
|
2681
|
-
move it to <em>/usr/local/passenger/</em>, then do this:</p></div>
|
|
2682
|
-
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
|
|
2683
|
-
<li>
|
|
2684
|
-
<p>
|
|
2685
|
-
Run the following command:
|
|
2686
|
-
</p>
|
|
2687
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2688
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2689
|
-
<pre><tt>mv /opt/passenger /usr/local/passenger</tt></pre>
|
|
2690
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2691
|
-
</li>
|
|
2692
|
-
<li>
|
|
2693
|
-
<p>
|
|
2694
|
-
Edit your Apache configuration file, and set:
|
|
2695
|
-
</p>
|
|
2696
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2697
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2698
|
-
<pre><tt>PassengerRoot /usr/local/passenger</tt></pre>
|
|
2699
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2700
|
-
</li>
|
|
2701
|
-
</ol></div>
|
|
2702
|
-
<h3 id="_installing_multiple_ruby_on_rails_versions">8.5. Installing multiple Ruby on Rails versions</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2703
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Each Ruby on Rails applications that are going to be deployed may require a
|
|
2704
|
-
specific Ruby on Rails version. You can install a specific version with
|
|
2705
|
-
this command:</p></div>
|
|
2706
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2707
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2708
|
-
<pre><tt>gem install rails -v X.X.X</tt></pre>
|
|
2709
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2710
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>where <em>X.X.X</em> is the version number of Ruby on Rails.</p></div>
|
|
2711
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>All of these versions will exist in parallel, and will not conflict with each
|
|
2712
|
-
other. Phusion Passenger will automatically make use of the correct version.</p></div>
|
|
2713
|
-
<h3 id="_x_sendfile_support">8.6. X-Sendfile support</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2714
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger does not provide X-Sendfile support by itself. Please install
|
|
2715
|
-
<a href="http://tn123.ath.cx/mod_xsendfile/">mod_xsendfile</a> for X-Sendfile support.</p></div>
|
|
2716
|
-
<h3 id="_upload_progress">8.7. Upload progress</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2717
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger does not provide upload progress support by itself. Please
|
|
2718
|
-
try drogus’s <a href="http://github.com/drogus/apache-upload-progress-module/tree/master">
|
|
2719
|
-
Apache upload progress module</a> instead.</p></div>
|
|
2720
|
-
<h3 id="_making_the_application_restart_after_each_request">8.8. Making the application restart after each request</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2721
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In some situations it might be desirable to restart the web application after
|
|
2722
|
-
each request, for example when developing a non-Rails application that doesn’t
|
|
2723
|
-
support code reloading, or when developing a web framework.</p></div>
|
|
2724
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>To achieve this, simply create the file <em>tmp/always_restart.txt</em> in your
|
|
2725
|
-
application’s root folder. Unlike <em>restart.txt</em>, Phusion Passenger does not
|
|
2726
|
-
delete this file. If both files are present (<em>restart.txt</em> and <em>always_restart.txt</em>),
|
|
2727
|
-
then Phusion Passenger will still restart the application, but won’t delete
|
|
2728
|
-
<em>restart.txt</em>.</p></div>
|
|
2729
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
2730
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
2731
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
2732
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
2733
|
-
</td>
|
|
2734
|
-
<td class="content">If you’re just developing a Rails application then you probably don’t need
|
|
2735
|
-
this feature. If you set <em>RailsEnv development</em> in your Apache configuration,
|
|
2736
|
-
then Rails will automatically reload your application code after each request.
|
|
2737
|
-
<em>always_restart.txt</em> is only useful if you’re working on Ruby on Rails itself,
|
|
2738
|
-
or when you’re not developing a Rails application and your web framework
|
|
2739
|
-
does not support code reloading.</td>
|
|
2740
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
2741
|
-
</div>
|
|
2742
|
-
</div>
|
|
2743
|
-
<h2 id="_appendix_a_about_this_document">9. Appendix A: About this document</h2>
|
|
2744
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
2745
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The text of this document is licensed under the
|
|
2746
|
-
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons
|
|
2747
|
-
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License</a>.</p></div>
|
|
2748
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
2749
|
-
<a class="image" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">
|
|
2750
|
-
<img src="images/by_sa.png" alt="images/by_sa.png" />
|
|
2751
|
-
</a>
|
|
2752
|
-
</span></p></div>
|
|
2753
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is brought to you by <a href="http://www.phusion.nl/">Phusion</a>.</p></div>
|
|
2754
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
2755
|
-
<a class="image" href="http://www.phusion.nl/">
|
|
2756
|
-
<img src="images/phusion_banner.png" alt="images/phusion_banner.png" />
|
|
2757
|
-
</a>
|
|
2758
|
-
</span></p></div>
|
|
2759
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.</p></div>
|
|
2760
|
-
</div>
|
|
2761
|
-
<h2 id="_appendix_b_terminology">10. Appendix B: Terminology</h2>
|
|
2762
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
2763
|
-
<h3 id="application_root">10.1. Application root</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2764
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The root directory of an application that’s served by Phusion Passenger.</p></div>
|
|
2765
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of Ruby on Rails applications, this is the directory that contains
|
|
2766
|
-
<em>Rakefile</em>, <em>app/</em>, <em>config/</em>, <em>public/</em>, etc. In other words, the directory
|
|
2767
|
-
pointed to by <tt>RAILS_ROOT</tt>. For example, take the following directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
2768
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2769
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2770
|
-
<pre><tt>/apps/foo/ <------ This is the Rails application's application root!
|
|
2771
|
-
|
|
|
2772
|
-
+- app/
|
|
2773
|
-
| |
|
|
2774
|
-
| +- controllers/
|
|
2775
|
-
| |
|
|
2776
|
-
| +- models/
|
|
2777
|
-
| |
|
|
2778
|
-
| +- views/
|
|
2779
|
-
|
|
|
2780
|
-
+- config/
|
|
2781
|
-
| |
|
|
2782
|
-
| +- environment.rb
|
|
2783
|
-
| |
|
|
2784
|
-
| +- ...
|
|
2785
|
-
|
|
|
2786
|
-
+- public/
|
|
2787
|
-
| |
|
|
2788
|
-
| +- ...
|
|
2789
|
-
|
|
|
2790
|
-
+- ...</tt></pre>
|
|
2791
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2792
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of Rack applications, this is the directory that contains <em>config.ru</em>.
|
|
2793
|
-
For example, take the following directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
2794
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2795
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2796
|
-
<pre><tt>/apps/bar/ <----- This is the Rack application's application root!
|
|
2797
|
-
|
|
|
2798
|
-
+- public/
|
|
2799
|
-
| |
|
|
2800
|
-
| +- ...
|
|
2801
|
-
|
|
|
2802
|
-
+- config.ru
|
|
2803
|
-
|
|
|
2804
|
-
+- ...</tt></pre>
|
|
2805
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2806
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In case of Python (WSGI) applications, this is the directory that contains
|
|
2807
|
-
<em>passenger_wsgi.py</em>. For example, take the following directory structure:</p></div>
|
|
2808
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2809
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2810
|
-
<pre><tt>/apps/baz/ <----- This is the WSGI application's application root!
|
|
2811
|
-
|
|
|
2812
|
-
+- public/
|
|
2813
|
-
| |
|
|
2814
|
-
| +- ...
|
|
2815
|
-
|
|
|
2816
|
-
+- passenger_wsgi.py
|
|
2817
|
-
|
|
|
2818
|
-
+- ...</tt></pre>
|
|
2819
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2820
|
-
</div>
|
|
2821
|
-
<h2 id="spawning_methods_explained">11. Appendix C: Spawning methods explained</h2>
|
|
2822
|
-
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
2823
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>At its core, Phusion Passenger is an HTTP proxy and process manager. It spawns
|
|
2824
|
-
Ruby on Rails/Rack/WSGI worker processes (which may also be referred to as
|
|
2825
|
-
<em>backend processes</em>), and forwards incoming HTTP request to one of the worker
|
|
2826
|
-
processes.</p></div>
|
|
2827
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>While this may sound simple, there’s not just one way to spawn worker processes.
|
|
2828
|
-
Let’s go over the different spawning methods. For simplicity’s sake, let’s
|
|
2829
|
-
assume that we’re only talking about Ruby on Rails applications.</p></div>
|
|
2830
|
-
<h3 id="_the_most_straightforward_and_traditional_way_conservative_spawning">11.1. The most straightforward and traditional way: conservative spawning</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2831
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger could create a new Ruby process, which will then load the
|
|
2832
|
-
Rails application along with the entire Rails framework. This process will then
|
|
2833
|
-
enter an request handling main loop.</p></div>
|
|
2834
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is the most straightforward way to spawn worker processes. If you’re
|
|
2835
|
-
familiar with the Mongrel application server, then this approach is exactly
|
|
2836
|
-
what mongrel_cluster performs: it creates N worker processes, each which loads
|
|
2837
|
-
a full copy of the Rails application and the Rails framework in memory. The Thin
|
|
2838
|
-
application server employs pretty much the same approach.</p></div>
|
|
2839
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that Phusion Passenger’s version of conservative spawning differs slightly
|
|
2840
|
-
from mongrel_cluster. Mongrel_cluster creates entirely new Ruby processes. In
|
|
2841
|
-
programmers jargon, mongrel_cluster creates new Ruby processes by forking the
|
|
2842
|
-
current process and exec()-ing a new Ruby interpreter. Phusion Passenger on the
|
|
2843
|
-
other hand creates processes that reuse the already loaded Ruby interpreter. In
|
|
2844
|
-
programmers jargon, Phusion Passenger calls fork(), but not exec().</p></div>
|
|
2845
|
-
<h3 id="_the_smart_spawning_method">11.2. The smart spawning method</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2846
|
-
<div class="admonitionblock">
|
|
2847
|
-
<table><tr>
|
|
2848
|
-
<td class="icon">
|
|
2849
|
-
<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
|
|
2850
|
-
</td>
|
|
2851
|
-
<td class="content">Smart spawning is only available for Ruby on Rails applications, not for
|
|
2852
|
-
Rack applications or WSGI applications.</td>
|
|
2853
|
-
</tr></table>
|
|
2854
|
-
</div>
|
|
2855
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>While conservative spawning works well, it’s not as efficient as it could be
|
|
2856
|
-
because each worker process has its own private copy of the Rails application
|
|
2857
|
-
as well as the Rails framework. This wastes memory as well as startup time.</p></div>
|
|
2858
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
2859
|
-
<img src="images/conservative_spawning.png" alt="Worker processes and conservative spawning" title="Worker processes and conservative spawning" />
|
|
2860
|
-
</span><br />
|
|
2861
|
-
<em>Figure: Worker processes and conservative spawning. Each worker process has its
|
|
2862
|
-
own private copy of the application code and Rails framework code.</em></p></div>
|
|
2863
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to make the different worker processes share the memory occupied
|
|
2864
|
-
by application and Rails framework code, by utilizing so-called
|
|
2865
|
-
copy-on-write semantics of the virtual memory system on modern operating
|
|
2866
|
-
systems. As a side effect, the startup time is also reduced. This is technique
|
|
2867
|
-
is exploited by Phusion Passenger’s <em>smart</em> and <em>smart-lv2</em> spawn methods.</p></div>
|
|
2868
|
-
<h4 id="_how_it_works">11.2.1. How it works</h4>
|
|
2869
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>When the <em>smart-lv2</em> spawn method is being used, Phusion Passenger will first
|
|
2870
|
-
create a so-called <em>ApplicationSpawner server</em> process. This process loads the
|
|
2871
|
-
entire Rails application along with the Rails framework, by loading
|
|
2872
|
-
<em>environment.rb</em>. Then, whenever Phusion Passenger needs a new worker process,
|
|
2873
|
-
it will instruct the ApplicationSpawner server to do so. The ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2874
|
-
server will create a worker new process
|
|
2875
|
-
that reuses the already loaded Rails application/framework. Creating a worker
|
|
2876
|
-
process through an already running ApplicationSpawner server is very fast, about
|
|
2877
|
-
10 times faster than loading the Rails application/framework from scratch. If
|
|
2878
|
-
the Ruby interpreter is copy-on-write friendly (that is, if you’re running
|
|
2879
|
-
<a href="#reducing_memory_usage">Ruby Enterprise Edition</a>) then all created worker
|
|
2880
|
-
processes will share as much common
|
|
2881
|
-
memory as possible. That is, they will all share the same application and Rails
|
|
2882
|
-
framework code.</p></div>
|
|
2883
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
|
|
2884
|
-
<img src="images/smart-lv2.png" alt="images/smart-lv2.png" />
|
|
2885
|
-
</span><br />
|
|
2886
|
-
<em>Figure: Worker processes and the smart-lv2 spawn method. All worker processes,
|
|
2887
|
-
as well as the ApplicationSpawner, share the same application code and Rails
|
|
2888
|
-
framework code.</em></p></div>
|
|
2889
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>smart</em> spawn method goes even further, by caching the Rails framework in
|
|
2890
|
-
another process called the <em>FrameworkSpawner server</em>. This process only loads
|
|
2891
|
-
the Rails framework, not the application. When a FrameworkSpawner server is
|
|
2892
|
-
instructed to create a new worker process, it will create a new
|
|
2893
|
-
ApplicationSpawner to which the instruction will be delegated. All those
|
|
2894
|
-
ApplicationSpawner servers, as well as all worker processes created by those
|
|
2895
|
-
ApplicationSpawner servers, will share the same Rails framework code.</p></div>
|
|
2896
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>smart-lv2</em> method allows different worker processes that belong to the same
|
|
2897
|
-
application to share memory. The <em>smart</em> method allows different worker
|
|
2898
|
-
processes - that happen to use the same Rails version - to share memory, even if
|
|
2899
|
-
they don’t belong to the same application.</p></div>
|
|
2900
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Notes:</p></div>
|
|
2901
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2902
|
-
<li>
|
|
2903
|
-
<p>
|
|
2904
|
-
Vendored Rails frameworks cannot be shared by different applications, even if
|
|
2905
|
-
both vendored Rails frameworks are the same version. So for efficiency reasons
|
|
2906
|
-
we don’t recommend vendoring Rails.
|
|
2907
|
-
</p>
|
|
2908
|
-
</li>
|
|
2909
|
-
<li>
|
|
2910
|
-
<p>
|
|
2911
|
-
ApplicationSpawner and FrameworkSpawner servers have an idle timeout just
|
|
2912
|
-
like worker processes. If an ApplicationSpawner/FrameworkSpawner server hasn’t
|
|
2913
|
-
been instructed to do anything for a while, it will be shutdown in order to
|
|
2914
|
-
conserve memory. This idle timeout is configurable.
|
|
2915
|
-
</p>
|
|
2916
|
-
</li>
|
|
2917
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
2918
|
-
<h4 id="_summary_of_benefits">11.2.2. Summary of benefits</h4>
|
|
2919
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that Phusion Passenger needs a new worker process for an application
|
|
2920
|
-
that uses Rails 2.2.1.</p></div>
|
|
2921
|
-
<div class="ulist"><ul>
|
|
2922
|
-
<li>
|
|
2923
|
-
<p>
|
|
2924
|
-
If the <em>smart-lv2</em> spawning method is used, and an ApplicationSpawner server
|
|
2925
|
-
for this application is already running, then worker process creation time is
|
|
2926
|
-
about 10 times faster than conservative spawning. This worker process will also
|
|
2927
|
-
share application and Rails framework code memory with the ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2928
|
-
server and the worker processes that had been spawned by this ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2929
|
-
server.
|
|
2930
|
-
</p>
|
|
2931
|
-
</li>
|
|
2932
|
-
<li>
|
|
2933
|
-
<p>
|
|
2934
|
-
If the <em>smart</em> spawning method is used, and a FrameworkSpawner server for
|
|
2935
|
-
Rails 2.2.1 is already running, but no ApplicationSpawner server for this
|
|
2936
|
-
application is running, then worker process creation time is about 2 times
|
|
2937
|
-
faster than conservative spawning. If there is an ApplicationSpawner server
|
|
2938
|
-
for this application running, then worker process creation time is about 10
|
|
2939
|
-
times faster. This worker process will also share application and Rails
|
|
2940
|
-
framework code memory with the ApplicationSpawner and FrameworkSpawner
|
|
2941
|
-
servers.
|
|
2942
|
-
</p>
|
|
2943
|
-
</li>
|
|
2944
|
-
</ul></div>
|
|
2945
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>You could compare ApplicationSpawner and FrameworkSpawner servers with stem
|
|
2946
|
-
cells, that have the ability to quickly change into more specific cells (worker
|
|
2947
|
-
process).</p></div>
|
|
2948
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>In practice, the smart spawning methods could mean a memory saving of about 33%,
|
|
2949
|
-
assuming that your Ruby interpreter is <a href="#reducing_memory_usage">copy-on-write friendly</a>.</p></div>
|
|
2950
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Of course, smart spawning is not without gotchas. But if you understand the
|
|
2951
|
-
gotchas you can easily reap the benefits of smart spawning.</p></div>
|
|
2952
|
-
<h3 id="_smart_spawning_gotcha_1_unintential_file_descriptor_sharing">11.3. Smart spawning gotcha #1: unintential file descriptor sharing</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
2953
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Because worker processes are created by forking from an ApplicationSpawner
|
|
2954
|
-
server, it will share all file descriptors that are opened by the
|
|
2955
|
-
ApplicationSpawner server. (This is part of the semantics of the Unix
|
|
2956
|
-
<em>fork()</em> system call. You might want to Google it if you’re not familiar with
|
|
2957
|
-
it.) A file descriptor is a handle which can be an opened file, an opened socket
|
|
2958
|
-
connection, a pipe, etc. If different worker processes write to such a file
|
|
2959
|
-
descriptor at the same time, then their write calls will be interleaved, which
|
|
2960
|
-
may potentially cause problems.</p></div>
|
|
2961
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>The problem commonly involves socket connections that are unintentially being
|
|
2962
|
-
shared. You can fix it by closing and reestablishing the connection when Phusion
|
|
2963
|
-
Passenger is creating a new worker process. Phusion Passenger provides the API
|
|
2964
|
-
call <tt>PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process)</tt> to do so. So you
|
|
2965
|
-
could insert the following code in your <em>environment.rb</em>:</p></div>
|
|
2966
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
2967
|
-
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.4
|
|
2968
|
-
by Lorenzo Bettini
|
|
2969
|
-
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
|
|
2970
|
-
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
|
|
2971
|
-
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">defined</span></span><span style="color: #990000">?(</span>PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
|
|
2972
|
-
PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">on_event</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(:</span>starting_worker_process<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">|</span>forked<span style="color: #990000">|</span>
|
|
2973
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> forked
|
|
2974
|
-
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in smart spawning mode.</span></span>
|
|
2975
|
-
<span style="color: #990000">...</span> code to reestablish socket connections here <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
|
|
2976
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span>
|
|
2977
|
-
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in conservative spawning mode. We don't need to do anything.</span></span>
|
|
2978
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
2979
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
2980
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
|
|
2981
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that Phusion Passenger automatically reestablishes the connection to the
|
|
2982
|
-
database upon creating a new worker process, which is why you normally do not
|
|
2983
|
-
encounter any database issues when using smart spawning mode.</p></div>
|
|
2984
|
-
<h4 id="_example_1_memcached_connection_sharing_harmful">11.3.1. Example 1: Memcached connection sharing (harmful)</h4>
|
|
2985
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose we have a Rails application that connects to a Memcached server in
|
|
2986
|
-
<em>environment.rb</em>. This causes the ApplicationSpawner to have a socket connection
|
|
2987
|
-
(file descriptor) to the Memcached server, as shown in the following figure:</p></div>
|
|
2988
|
-
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
2989
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2990
|
-
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
2991
|
-
| ApplicationSpawner |-----------[Memcached server]
|
|
2992
|
-
+--------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
2993
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
2994
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger then proceeds with creating a new Rails worker process, which
|
|
2995
|
-
is to process incoming HTTP requests. The result will look like this:</p></div>
|
|
2996
|
-
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
2997
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
2998
|
-
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
2999
|
-
| ApplicationSpawner |------+----[Memcached server]
|
|
3000
|
-
+--------------------+ |
|
|
3001
|
-
|
|
|
3002
|
-
+--------------------+ |
|
|
3003
|
-
| Worker process 1 |-----/
|
|
3004
|
-
+--------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
3005
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
3006
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Since a <em>fork()</em> makes a (virtual) complete copy of a process, all its file
|
|
3007
|
-
descriptors will be copied as well. What we see here is that ApplicationSpawner
|
|
3008
|
-
and Worker process 1 both share the same connection to Memcached.</p></div>
|
|
3009
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Now supposed that your site gets Slashdotted and Phusion Passenger needs to
|
|
3010
|
-
spawn another worker process. It does so by forking ApplicationSpawner. The
|
|
3011
|
-
result is now as follows:</p></div>
|
|
3012
|
-
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
3013
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
3014
|
-
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
3015
|
-
| ApplicationSpawner |------+----[Memcached server]
|
|
3016
|
-
+--------------------+ |
|
|
3017
|
-
|
|
|
3018
|
-
+--------------------+ |
|
|
3019
|
-
| Worker process 1 |-----/|
|
|
3020
|
-
+--------------------+ |
|
|
3021
|
-
|
|
|
3022
|
-
+--------------------+ |
|
|
3023
|
-
| Worker process 2 |-----/
|
|
3024
|
-
+--------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
3025
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
3026
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>As you can see, Worker process 1 and Worker process 2 have the same Memcache
|
|
3027
|
-
connection.</p></div>
|
|
3028
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose that users Joe and Jane visit your website at the same time. Joe’s
|
|
3029
|
-
request is handled by Worker process 1, and Jane’s request is handled by Worker
|
|
3030
|
-
process 2. Both worker processes want to fetch something from Memcached. Suppose
|
|
3031
|
-
that in order to do that, both handlers need to send a "FETCH" command to Memcached.</p></div>
|
|
3032
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>But suppose that, after worker process 1 having only sent "FE", a context switch
|
|
3033
|
-
occurs, and worker process 2 starts sending a "FETCH" command to Memcached as
|
|
3034
|
-
well. If worker process 2 succeeds in sending only one bye, <em>F</em>, then Memcached
|
|
3035
|
-
will receive a command which begins with "FEF", a command that it does not
|
|
3036
|
-
recognize. In other words: the data from both handlers get interleaved. And thus
|
|
3037
|
-
Memcached is forced to handle this as an error.</p></div>
|
|
3038
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This problem can be solved by reestablishing the connection to Memcached after forking:</p></div>
|
|
3039
|
-
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
3040
|
-
<div class="content">
|
|
3041
|
-
<pre><tt>+--------------------+
|
|
3042
|
-
| ApplicationSpawner |------+----[Memcached server]
|
|
3043
|
-
+--------------------+ | |
|
|
3044
|
-
| |
|
|
3045
|
-
+--------------------+ | |
|
|
3046
|
-
| Worker process 1 |-----/| |
|
|
3047
|
-
+--------------------+ | | <--- created this
|
|
3048
|
-
X | new
|
|
3049
|
-
| connection
|
|
3050
|
-
X <-- closed this |
|
|
3051
|
-
+--------------------+ | old |
|
|
3052
|
-
| Worker process 2 |-----/ connection |
|
|
3053
|
-
+--------------------+ |
|
|
3054
|
-
| |
|
|
3055
|
-
+-------------------------------------+</tt></pre>
|
|
3056
|
-
</div></div>
|
|
3057
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Worker process 2 now has its own, separate communication channel with Memcached.
|
|
3058
|
-
The code in <em>environment.rb</em> looks like this:</p></div>
|
|
3059
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
3060
|
-
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.4
|
|
3061
|
-
by Lorenzo Bettini
|
|
3062
|
-
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
|
|
3063
|
-
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
|
|
3064
|
-
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">defined</span></span><span style="color: #990000">?(</span>PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
|
|
3065
|
-
PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">on_event</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(:</span>starting_worker_process<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">|</span>forked<span style="color: #990000">|</span>
|
|
3066
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> forked
|
|
3067
|
-
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in smart spawning mode.</span></span>
|
|
3068
|
-
reestablish_connection_to_memcached
|
|
3069
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span>
|
|
3070
|
-
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in conservative spawning mode. We don't need to do anything.</span></span>
|
|
3071
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
3072
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
3073
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
|
|
3074
|
-
<h4 id="_example_2_log_file_sharing_not_harmful">11.3.2. Example 2: Log file sharing (not harmful)</h4>
|
|
3075
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>There are also cases in which unintential file descriptor sharing is not harmful.
|
|
3076
|
-
One such case is log file file descriptor sharing. Even if two processes write
|
|
3077
|
-
to the log file at the same time, the worst thing that can happen is that the
|
|
3078
|
-
data in the log file is interleaved.</p></div>
|
|
3079
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>To guarantee that the data written to the log file is never interleaved, you
|
|
3080
|
-
must synchronize write access via an inter-process synchronization mechanism,
|
|
3081
|
-
such as file locks. Reopening the log file, like you would have done in the
|
|
3082
|
-
Memcached example, doesn’t help.</p></div>
|
|
3083
|
-
<h3 id="_smart_spawning_gotcha_2_the_need_to_revive_threads">11.4. Smart spawning gotcha #2: the need to revive threads</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
3084
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>Another part of the <em>fork()</em> system call’s semantics is the fact that threads
|
|
3085
|
-
disappear after a fork call. So if you’ve created any threads in environment.rb,
|
|
3086
|
-
then those threads will no longer be running in newly created worker process.
|
|
3087
|
-
You need to revive them when a new worker process is created. Use the
|
|
3088
|
-
<tt>:starting_worker_process</tt> event that Phusion Passenger provides, like this:</p></div>
|
|
3089
|
-
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
3090
|
-
<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.4
|
|
3091
|
-
by Lorenzo Bettini
|
|
3092
|
-
http://www.lorenzobettini.it
|
|
3093
|
-
http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
|
|
3094
|
-
<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">defined</span></span><span style="color: #990000">?(</span>PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">)</span>
|
|
3095
|
-
PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">on_event</span></span><span style="color: #990000">(:</span>starting_worker_process<span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">do</span></span> <span style="color: #990000">|</span>forked<span style="color: #990000">|</span>
|
|
3096
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">if</span></span> forked
|
|
3097
|
-
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in smart spawning mode.</span></span>
|
|
3098
|
-
<span style="color: #990000">...</span> code to revive threads here <span style="color: #990000">...</span>
|
|
3099
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">else</span></span>
|
|
3100
|
-
<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900"># We're in conservative spawning mode. We don't need to do anything.</span></span>
|
|
3101
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
3102
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span>
|
|
3103
|
-
<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
|
|
3104
|
-
<h3 id="_smart_spawning_gotcha_3_code_load_order">11.5. Smart spawning gotcha #3: code load order</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
3105
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>This gotcha is only applicable to the <em>smart</em> spawn method, not the <em>smart-lv2</em>
|
|
3106
|
-
spawn method.</p></div>
|
|
3107
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>If your application expects the Rails framework to be not loaded during the
|
|
3108
|
-
beginning of <em>environment.rb</em>, then it can cause problems when an
|
|
3109
|
-
ApplicationSpawner is created from a FrameworkSpawner, which already has the
|
|
3110
|
-
Rails framework loaded. The most common case is when applications try to patch
|
|
3111
|
-
Rails by dropping a modified file that has the same name as Rails’s own file,
|
|
3112
|
-
in a path that comes earlier in the Ruby search path.</p></div>
|
|
3113
|
-
<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, suppose that we have an application which has a patched version
|
|
3114
|
-
of <em>active_record/base.rb</em> located in <em>RAILS_ROOT/lib/patches</em>, and
|
|
3115
|
-
<em>RAILS_ROOT/lib/patches</em> comes first in the Ruby load path. When conservative
|
|
3116
|
-
spawning is used, the patched version of <em>base.rb</em> is properly loaded. When
|
|
3117
|
-
<em>smart</em> (not <em>smart-lv2</em>) spawning is used, the original <em>base.rb</em> is used
|
|
3118
|
-
because it was already loaded, so a subsequent <tt>require "active_record/base"</tt>
|
|
3119
|
-
has no effect.</p></div>
|
|
3120
|
-
</div>
|
|
3121
|
-
<div id="footer">
|
|
3122
|
-
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
3123
|
-
Last updated 2009-03-12 19:53:39 CEST
|
|
3124
|
-
</div>
|
|
3125
|
-
</div>
|
|
3126
|
-
</body>
|
|
3127
|
-
</html>
|