passenger-jmazzi 2.2.9

data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/pcre_could_not_be_extracted.txt.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<red><b>The PCRE source tarball could not be extracted</b></red>
+
+Nginx requires PCRE for its rewrite module, so this installer will attempt to
+install Nginx without the rewrite module.
+
+If you want to make use of Nginx's rewrite module, please install PCRE manually
+by downloading it from:
+
+  http://www.pcre.org/
+
+Press ENTER to continue, or Ctrl-C to abort.

data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/possible_solutions_for_compilation_and_installation_problems.txt.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<red>It looks like something went wrong</red>
+
+Please read our Users guide for troubleshooting tips:
+
+   <b><%= @users_guide %></b>
+
+If that doesn't help, please use our support facilities at:
+
+   <b><%= @passenger_website %></b>
+
+We'll do our best to help you.

data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/possible_solutions_for_download_and_extraction_problems.txt.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<red><b>Unable to download or extract Nginx source tarball</b></red>
+
+Possible reasons:
+
+ <b>* You are not connected to the Internet.</b>
+   If this is the case, then please connect to the Internet and try again.
+
+ <b>* The URL that this installer tried to download from no longer exists.</b>
+   If this is the case, then please download and extract the Nginx source
+   manually. Then restart this installer, and choose option 2 ("No: I want
+   to customize my Nginx installation").
+
+ <b>* The download was corrupted.</b>
+   Please re-run this installer; it will re-download Nginx. If this still
+   fails, then please download and extract the Nginx source manually. Then
+   restart this installer, and choose option 2 ("No: I want to customize my
+   Nginx installation").
+
+ <b>* This installer is not able to write to /tmp.</b>
+   Please fix the permissions for this directory, or run this installer as <b>root</b>.

data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/query_download_and_install.txt.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<banner>Automatically download and install Nginx?</banner>
+
+Nginx doesn't support loadable modules such as some other web servers do,
+so in order to install Nginx with Passenger support, it must be recompiled.
+
+Do you want this installer to download, compile and install Nginx for you?
+
+ <yellow><b>1. Yes: download, compile and install Nginx for me. (recommended)</b></yellow>
+    The easiest way to get started. A stock Nginx <%= @nginx_version %> with Passenger
+    support, but with no other additional third party modules, will be
+    installed for you to a directory of your choice.
+
+ <yellow><b>2. No: I want to customize my Nginx installation. (for advanced users)</b></yellow>
+    Choose this if you want to compile Nginx with more third party modules
+    besides Passenger, or if you need to pass additional options to Nginx's
+    'configure' script. This installer will  1) ask you for the location of
+    the Nginx source code,  2) run the 'configure' script according to your
+    instructions, and  3) run 'make install'.
+
+Whichever you choose, if you already have an existing Nginx configuration file,
+then it will be preserved.

data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/run_installer_as_root.txt.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<red>Permission problems</red>
+
+This installer must be able to write to the following directory:
+
+  <b><%= @dir %></b>
+
+But it can't do that, because you're running the installer as <b><%= `whoami`.strip %></b>.
+Please re-run this installer as <b>root</b>.

data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/nginx/welcome.txt.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<banner>Welcome to the Phusion Passenger Nginx module installer, v<%= @version %>.</banner>
+
+This installer will guide you through the entire installation process. It
+shouldn't take more than 5 minutes in total.
+
+Here's what you can expect from the installation process:
+
+ <b>1.</b> This installer will compile and install Nginx with Passenger support.
+ <b>2.</b> You'll learn how to configure Passenger in Nginx.
+ <b>3.</b> You'll learn how to deploy a Ruby on Rails application.
+
+Don't worry if anything goes wrong. This installer will advise you on how to
+solve any problems.
+
+<b>Press Enter to continue, or Ctrl-C to abort.</b>

data/lib/phusion_passenger/templates/version_not_found.html.erb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<% layout 'error_layout', :title => "Ruby on Rails version not found" do %>
+<h1 class="error_title">Ruby on Rails version not found</h1>
+<div id="content">
+
+</div>
+<% end %>

data/lib/phusion_passenger/utils.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+# encoding: binary
+#  Phusion Passenger - http://www.modrails.com/
+#  Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Phusion
+#
+#  "Phusion Passenger" is a trademark of Hongli Lai & Ninh Bui.
+#
+#  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+#  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+#  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+#  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+#  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+#  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+#  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+#  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+#  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+#  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+#  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+#  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+#  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+#  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+#  THE SOFTWARE.
+
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'thread'
+if (!defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) || RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby") && RUBY_VERSION < "1.8.7"
+	require 'fastthread'
+end
+require 'pathname'
+require 'etc'
+require 'fcntl'
+require 'tempfile'
+require 'stringio'
+require 'phusion_passenger/exceptions'
+if !defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) || RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby"
+	require 'phusion_passenger/native_support'
+end
+
+module PhusionPassenger
+
+# Utility functions.
+module Utils
+protected
+	# Return the canonicalized version of +path+. This path is guaranteed to
+	# to be "normal", i.e. it doesn't contain stuff like ".." or "/",
+	# and it fully resolves symbolic links.
+	#
+	# Raises SystemCallError if something went wrong. Raises ArgumentError
+	# if +path+ is nil. Raises InvalidPath if +path+ does not appear
+	# to be a valid path.
+	def canonicalize_path(path)
+		raise ArgumentError, "The 'path' argument may not be nil" if path.nil?
+		return Pathname.new(path).realpath.to_s
+	rescue Errno::ENOENT => e
+		raise InvalidAPath, e.message
+	end
+	
+	# Assert that +app_root+ is a valid Ruby on Rails application root.
+	# Raises InvalidPath if that is not the case.
+	def assert_valid_app_root(app_root)
+		assert_valid_directory(app_root)
+		assert_valid_file("#{app_root}/config/environment.rb")
+	end
+	
+	# Assert that +path+ is a directory. Raises +InvalidPath+ if it isn't.
+	def assert_valid_directory(path)
+		if !File.directory?(path)
+			raise InvalidPath, "'#{path}' is not a valid directory."
+		end
+	end
+	
+	# Assert that +path+ is a file. Raises +InvalidPath+ if it isn't.
+	def assert_valid_file(path)
+		if !File.file?(path)
+			raise InvalidPath, "'#{path}' is not a valid file."
+		end
+	end
+	
+	# Assert that +username+ is a valid username. Raises
+	# ArgumentError if that is not the case.
+	def assert_valid_username(username)
+		# If username does not exist then getpwnam() will raise an ArgumentError.
+		username && Etc.getpwnam(username)
+	end
+	
+	# Assert that +groupname+ is a valid group name. Raises
+	# ArgumentError if that is not the case.
+	def assert_valid_groupname(groupname)
+		# If groupname does not exist then getgrnam() will raise an ArgumentError.
+		groupname && Etc.getgrnam(groupname)
+	end
+	
+	def close_all_io_objects_for_fds(file_descriptors_to_leave_open)
+		ObjectSpace.each_object(IO) do |io|
+			begin
+				if !file_descriptors_to_leave_open.include?(io.fileno) && !io.closed?
+					io.close
+				end
+			rescue
+			end
+		end
+	end
+	
+	def marshal_exception(exception)
+		data = {
+			:message => exception.message,
+			:class => exception.class.to_s,
+			:backtrace => exception.backtrace
+		}
+		if exception.is_a?(InitializationError)
+			data[:is_initialization_error] = true
+			if exception.child_exception
+				data[:child_exception] = marshal_exception(exception.child_exception)
+			end
+		else
+			begin
+				data[:exception] = Marshal.dump(exception)
+			rescue ArgumentError, TypeError
+				e = UnknownError.new(exception.message, exception.class.to_s,
+							exception.backtrace)
+				data[:exception] = Marshal.dump(e)
+			end
+		end
+		return Marshal.dump(data)
+	end
+	
+	def unmarshal_exception(data)
+		hash = Marshal.load(data)
+		if hash[:is_initialization_error]
+			if hash[:child_exception]
+				child_exception = unmarshal_exception(hash[:child_exception])
+			else
+				child_exception = nil
+			end
+			
+			case hash[:class]
+			when AppInitError.to_s
+				exception_class = AppInitError
+			when FrameworkInitError.to_s
+				exception_class = FrameworkInitError
+			else
+				exception_class = InitializationError
+			end
+			return exception_class.new(hash[:message], child_exception)
+		else
+			begin
+				return Marshal.load(hash[:exception])
+			rescue ArgumentError, TypeError
+				return UnknownError.new(hash[:message], hash[:class], hash[:backtrace])
+			end
+		end
+	end
+	
+	# Print the given exception, including the stack trace, to STDERR.
+	#
+	# +current_location+ is a string which describes where the code is
+	# currently at. Usually the current class name will be enough.
+	def print_exception(current_location, exception, destination = STDERR)
+		if !exception.is_a?(SystemExit)
+			destination.puts(exception.backtrace_string(current_location))
+			destination.flush if destination.respond_to?(:flush)
+		end
+	end
+	
+	# Fork a new process and run the given block inside the child process, just like
+	# fork(). Unlike fork(), this method is safe, i.e. there's no way for the child
+	# process to escape the block. Any uncaught exceptions in the child process will
+	# be printed to standard output, citing +current_location+ as the source.
+	# Futhermore, the child process will exit by calling Kernel#exit!, thereby
+	# bypassing any at_exit or ensure blocks.
+	#
+	# If +double_fork+ is true, then the child process will fork and immediately exit.
+	# This technique can be used to avoid zombie processes, at the expense of not
+	# being able to waitpid() the second child.
+	def safe_fork(current_location = self.class, double_fork = false)
+		pid = fork
+		if pid.nil?
+			begin
+				if double_fork
+					pid2 = fork
+					if pid2.nil?
+						srand
+						yield
+					end
+				else
+					srand
+					yield
+				end
+			rescue Exception => e
+				print_exception(current_location.to_s, e)
+			ensure
+				exit!
+			end
+		else
+			if double_fork
+				Process.waitpid(pid) rescue nil
+				return pid
+			else
+				return pid
+			end
+		end
+	end
+	
+	class PseudoIO
+		def initialize(sink)
+			@sink = sink || File.open("/dev/null", "w")
+			@buffer = StringIO.new
+		end
+		
+		def done!
+			result = @buffer.string
+			@buffer = nil
+			return result
+		end
+		
+		def method_missing(*args, &block)
+			@buffer.send(*args, &block) if @buffer && args.first != :reopen
+			return @sink.send(*args, &block)
+		end
+		
+		def respond_to?(symbol, include_private = false)
+			return @sink.respond_to?(symbol, include_private)
+		end
+	end
+	
+	# Run the given block. A message will be sent through +channel+ (a
+	# MessageChannel object), telling the remote side whether the block
+	# raised an exception, called exit(), or succeeded.
+	#
+	# If _sink_ is non-nil, then every operation on $stderr/STDERR inside
+	# the block will be performed on _sink_ as well. If _sink_ is nil
+	# then all operations on $stderr/STDERR inside the block will be
+	# silently discarded, i.e. if one writes to $stderr/STDERR then nothing
+	# will be actually written to the console.
+	# 
+	# Returns whether the block succeeded, i.e. whether it didn't raise an
+	# exception.
+	#
+	# Exceptions are not propagated, except SystemExit and a few
+	# non-StandardExeption classes such as SignalException. Of the
+	# exceptions that are propagated, only SystemExit will be reported.
+	def report_app_init_status(channel, sink = STDERR)
+		begin
+			old_global_stderr = $stderr
+			old_stderr = STDERR
+			stderr_output = ""
+			
+			pseudo_stderr = PseudoIO.new(sink)
+			Object.send(:remove_const, 'STDERR') rescue nil
+			Object.const_set('STDERR', pseudo_stderr)
+			$stderr = pseudo_stderr
+			
+			begin
+				yield
+			ensure
+				Object.send(:remove_const, 'STDERR') rescue nil
+				Object.const_set('STDERR', old_stderr)
+				$stderr = old_global_stderr
+				stderr_output = pseudo_stderr.done!
+			end
+			
+			channel.write('success')
+			return true
+		rescue StandardError, ScriptError, NoMemoryError => e
+			if ENV['TESTING_PASSENGER'] == '1'
+				print_exception(self.class.to_s, e)
+			end
+			channel.write('exception')
+			channel.write_scalar(marshal_exception(e))
+			channel.write_scalar(stderr_output)
+			return false
+		rescue SystemExit => e
+			channel.write('exit')
+			channel.write_scalar(marshal_exception(e))
+			channel.write_scalar(stderr_output)
+			raise
+		end
+	end
+	
+	# Receive status information that was sent to +channel+ by
+	# report_app_init_status. If an error occured according to the
+	# received information, then an appropriate exception will be
+	# raised.
+	#
+	# If <tt>print_exception</tt> evaluates to true, then the
+	# exception message and the backtrace will also be printed.
+	# Where it is printed to depends on the type of
+	# <tt>print_exception</tt>:
+	# - If it responds to #puts, then the exception information will
+	#   be printed using this method.
+	# - If it responds to #to_str, then the exception information
+	#   will be appended to the file whose filename equals the return
+	#   value of the #to_str call.
+	# - Otherwise, it will be printed to STDERR.
+	#
+	# Raises:
+	# - AppInitError: this class wraps the exception information
+	#   received through the channel.
+	# - IOError, SystemCallError, SocketError: these errors are
+	#   raised if an error occurred while receiving the information
+	#   through the channel.
+	def unmarshal_and_raise_errors(channel, print_exception = nil, app_type = "rails")
+		args = channel.read
+		if args.nil?
+			raise EOFError, "Unexpected end-of-file detected."
+		end
+		status = args[0]
+		if status == 'exception'
+			child_exception = unmarshal_exception(channel.read_scalar)
+			stderr = channel.read_scalar
+			exception = AppInitError.new(
+				"Application '#{@app_root}' raised an exception: " <<
+				"#{child_exception.class} (#{child_exception.message})",
+				child_exception,
+				app_type,
+				stderr.empty? ? nil : stderr)
+		elsif status == 'exit'
+			child_exception = unmarshal_exception(channel.read_scalar)
+			stderr = channel.read_scalar
+			exception = AppInitError.new("Application '#{@app_root}' exited during startup",
+				child_exception, app_type, stderr.empty? ? nil : stderr)
+		else
+			exception = nil
+		end
+		
+		if print_exception && exception
+			if print_exception.respond_to?(:puts)
+				print_exception(self.class.to_s, child_exception, print_exception)
+			elsif print_exception.respond_to?(:to_str)
+				filename = print_exception.to_str
+				File.open(filename, 'a') do |f|
+					print_exception(self.class.to_s, child_exception, f)
+				end
+			else
+				print_exception(self.class.to_s, child_exception)
+			end
+		end
+		raise exception if exception
+	end
+	
+	# Lower the current process's privilege to the owner of the given file.
+	# No exceptions will be raised in the event that privilege lowering fails.
+	def lower_privilege(filename, lowest_user = "nobody")
+		stat = File.lstat(filename)
+		begin
+			if !switch_to_user(stat.uid)
+				switch_to_user(lowest_user)
+			end
+		rescue Errno::EPERM
+			# No problem if we were unable to switch user.
+		end
+	end
+
+	def switch_to_user(user)
+		begin
+			if user.is_a?(String)
+				pw = Etc.getpwnam(user)
+				username = user
+				uid = pw.uid
+				gid = pw.gid
+			else
+				pw = Etc.getpwuid(user)
+				username = pw.name
+				uid = user
+				gid = pw.gid
+			end
+		rescue
+			return false
+		end
+		if uid == 0
+			return false
+		else
+			# Some systems are broken. initgroups can fail because of
+			# all kinds of stupid reasons. So we ignore any errors
+			# raised by initgroups.
+			begin
+				Process.groups = Process.initgroups(username, gid)
+			rescue
+			end
+			Process::Sys.setgid(gid)
+			Process::Sys.setuid(uid)
+			ENV['HOME'] = pw.dir
+			return true
+		end
+	end
+	
+	def to_boolean(value)
+		return !(value.nil? || value == false || value == "false")
+	end
+	
+	def sanitize_spawn_options(options)
+		defaults = {
+			"lower_privilege" => true,
+			"lowest_user"     => "nobody",
+			"environment"     => "production",
+			"app_type"        => "rails",
+			"spawn_method"    => "smart-lv2",
+			"framework_spawner_timeout" => -1,
+			"app_spawner_timeout"       => -1,
+			"print_exceptions" => true
+		}
+		options = defaults.merge(options)
+		options["lower_privilege"]           = to_boolean(options["lower_privilege"])
+		options["framework_spawner_timeout"] = options["framework_spawner_timeout"].to_i
+		options["app_spawner_timeout"]       = options["app_spawner_timeout"].to_i
+		# Force this to be a boolean for easy use with Utils#unmarshal_and_raise_errors.
+		options["print_exceptions"]          = to_boolean(options["print_exceptions"])
+		return options
+	end
+	
+	@@passenger_tmpdir = nil
+	
+	def passenger_tmpdir(create = true)
+		PhusionPassenger::Utils.passenger_tmpdir(create)
+	end
+	
+	# Returns the directory in which to store Phusion Passenger-specific
+	# temporary files. If +create+ is true, then this method creates the
+	# directory if it doesn't exist.
+	def self.passenger_tmpdir(create = true)
+		dir = @@passenger_tmpdir
+		if dir.nil? || dir.empty?
+			dir = "#{Dir.tmpdir}/passenger.#{Process.pid}"
+			@@passenger_tmpdir = dir
+		end
+		if create && !File.exist?(dir)
+			# This is a very minimal implementation of the function
+			# passengerCreateTempDir() in Utils.cpp. This implementation
+			# is only meant to make the unit tests pass. For production
+			# systems one should pre-create the temp directory with
+			# passengerCreateTempDir().
+			system("mkdir", "-p", "-m", "u=wxs,g=wx,o=wx", dir)
+			system("mkdir", "-p", "-m", "u=wxs,g=wx,o=wx", "#{dir}/backends")
+		end
+		return dir
+	end
+	
+	def self.passenger_tmpdir=(dir)
+		@@passenger_tmpdir = dir
+	end
+	
+	####################################
+end
+
+end # module PhusionPassenger
+
+class Exception
+	def backtrace_string(current_location = nil)
+		if current_location.nil?
+			location = nil
+		else
+			location = "in #{current_location} "
+		end
+		return "*** Exception #{self.class} #{location}" <<
+			"(#{self}) (process #{$$}):\n" <<
+			"\tfrom " << backtrace.join("\n\tfrom ")
+	end
+end
+
+class ConditionVariable
+	# This is like ConditionVariable.wait(), but allows one to wait a maximum
+	# amount of time. Returns true if this condition was signaled, false if a
+	# timeout occurred.
+	def timed_wait(mutex, secs)
+		if secs > 100000000
+			# NOTE: If one calls timeout() on FreeBSD 5 with an
+			# argument of more than 100000000, then MRI will become
+			# stuck in an infite loop, blocking all threads. It seems
+			# that MRI uses select() to implement sleeping.
+			# I think that a value of more than 100000000 overflows
+			# select()'s data structures, causing it to behave incorrectly.
+			# So we just make sure we can't sleep more than 100000000
+			# seconds.
+			secs = 100000000
+		end
+		if defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) && RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
+			if secs > 0
+				return wait(mutex, secs)
+			else
+				return wait(mutex)
+			end
+		else
+			require 'timeout' unless defined?(Timeout)
+			if secs > 0
+				Timeout.timeout(secs) do
+					wait(mutex)
+				end
+			else
+				wait(mutex)
+			end
+			return true
+		end
+	rescue Timeout::Error
+		return false
+	end
+	
+	# This is like ConditionVariable.wait(), but allows one to wait a maximum
+	# amount of time. Raises Timeout::Error if the timeout has elapsed.
+	def timed_wait!(mutex, secs)
+		require 'timeout' unless defined?(Timeout)
+		if secs > 100000000
+			# See the corresponding note for timed_wait().
+			secs = 100000000
+		end
+		if defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) && RUBY_ENGINE == "jruby"
+			if secs > 0
+				if !wait(mutex, secs)
+					raise Timeout::Error, "Timeout"
+				end
+			else
+				wait(mutex)
+			end
+		else
+			if secs > 0
+				Timeout.timeout(secs) do
+					wait(mutex)
+				end
+			else
+				wait(mutex)
+			end
+		end
+		return nil
+	end
+end
+
+class IO
+	if defined?(PhusionPassenger::NativeSupport)
+		# Send an IO object (i.e. a file descriptor) over this IO channel.
+		# This only works if this IO channel is a Unix socket.
+		#
+		# Raises SystemCallError if something went wrong.
+		def send_io(io)
+			PhusionPassenger::NativeSupport.send_fd(self.fileno, io.fileno)
+		end
+	
+		# Receive an IO object (i.e. a file descriptor) from this IO channel.
+		# This only works if this IO channel is a Unix socket.
+		#
+		# Raises SystemCallError if something went wrong.
+		def recv_io
+			return IO.new(PhusionPassenger::NativeSupport.recv_fd(self.fileno))
+		end
+	end
+	
+	def close_on_exec!
+		if defined?(Fcntl::F_SETFD)
+			fcntl(Fcntl::F_SETFD, Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC)
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+module Signal
+	# Like Signal.list, but only returns signals that we can actually trap.
+	def self.list_trappable
+		ruby_engine = defined?(RUBY_ENGINE) ? RUBY_ENGINE : "ruby"
+		case ruby_engine
+		when "ruby"
+			result = Signal.list
+			result.delete("ALRM")
+			result.delete("VTALRM")
+		when "jruby"
+			result = Signal.list
+			result.delete("QUIT")
+			result.delete("ILL")
+			result.delete("FPE")
+			result.delete("KILL")
+			result.delete("SEGV")
+			result.delete("USR1")
+		else
+			result = Signal.list
+		end
+		
+		# Don't touch SIGCHLD no matter what! On OS X waitpid() will
+		# malfunction if SIGCHLD doesn't have a correct handler.
+		result.delete("CLD")
+		result.delete("CHLD")
+		
+		# Other stuff that we don't want to trap no matter which
+		# Ruby engine.
+		result.delete("STOP")
+		
+		return result
+	end
+end
+
+# Ruby's implementation of UNIXSocket#recv_io and UNIXSocket#send_io
+# are broken on 64-bit FreeBSD 7, OpenBSD and x86_64/ppc64 OS X. So we override them
+# with our own implementation.
+if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /freebsd/ || RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /openbsd/ || (RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin/ && RUBY_PLATFORM !~ /universal/)
+	require 'socket'
+	UNIXSocket.class_eval do
+		def recv_io
+			super
+		end
+
+		def send_io(io)
+			super
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+module GC
+	if !respond_to?(:copy_on_write_friendly?)
+		# Checks whether the current Ruby interpreter's garbage
+		# collector is copy-on-write friendly.
+		def self.copy_on_write_friendly?
+			return false
+		end
+	end
+end