parallel_workforce 1.0.0

data/LICENSE

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data/README.md

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+# ParallelWorkforce
+
+Easily parallelize functionality by partitioning work in either a Sidekiq (preferred) or ActiveJob worker pool.
+
+See more info at the EnjoyTech blog.
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'parallel_workforce'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install parallel_workforce
+
+## Usage
+
+Parallel execution requires two things:
+
+* Creating one or more actor classes that has a keyword arguments `initializer` and a no-args `perform` method.
+* Invoking `ParallelWorkforce.perform_all` with an array of `actor_classes` and an equally sized array for `actor_args_array`
+  with initializer arguments for the actor classes.
+
+  Optional arguments for `execute_serially` and `job_class` can be used with `perform_all` to override configuration settings.
+
+  An optional `serial_execution_indexes` can also be used to execute specific indexes serially. This is useful to easily
+  perform "fast" actors in the current thread and only sending "slow" actors to be executed in workers. The specified serial
+  actors are performed after enqueuing the remaining actors and waiting for them to complete.
+
+  Additionally, a block can be passed to `perform_all` that allows arbitrary
+  execution in the current thread after the jobs have been enqueued and before checking for job responses.
+
+## Example
+
+Create cryptographic hashes of passwords in parallel in workers using BCrypt. Then verify the generated hashes against the passwords.
+
+### Create a class that performs the work.
+
+```ruby
+require 'bcrypt'
+
+class PasswordHashGenerator
+  attr_reader :password
+
+  def initialize(password:)
+    @password = password
+  end
+
+  def perform
+    BCrypt::Password.create(password, cost: 15).to_s
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Invoke the workers and verify the results.
+
+```ruby
+require 'bcrypt'
+
+passwords = ['password 1', 'password 2', 'password 3']
+
+password_hashes = ParallelWorkforce.perform_all(
+  actor_classes: Array.new(passwords.size) { PasswordHashGenerator },
+  actor_args_array: passwords.map { |password| { password: password } },
+)
+
+# check that password hashes match
+passwords.zip(password_hashes).each do |password, password_hash|
+  raise "Password does not match hash" if BCrypt::Password.new(password_hash) != password
+end
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+Execute `ParallelWorkforce.configure` before executing `ParallelWorkforce.perform_all` to configure. In a Rails application, add a file `parallel_workforce_config.rb` in your `config/initializers` directory.
+
+```ruby
+ParallelWorkforce.configure do |configuration|
+  configuration.job_class = MyJobClass
+  # etc
+end
+```
+
+* `job_class` - The class to use to respond to enqueued jobs. See classes under the `ParallelWorkforce::Job` namespace. Defaults to `ParallelWorkforce::Job::ActiveJob`.
+* `logger` - Defaults to `Rails.logger` if `Rails` is loaded.
+* `revision_builder` - Used to determine if the calling thread and worker have a different revision of code. Defaults to a class that builds a hash from the contents of all `.rb` files contained within the current working directory.
+* `serial_mode_checker` - An object with an `execute_serially?` method that allows forcing Actors to execute in calling thread instead of in workers. This can be used to turn off parallel execution globally. Default is `nil`.
+* `serializer` - An object with a `serialize(object)` method that returns a `String` and `deserialize(string)` method that returns an `Object`. Default imlementation uses `Marshal.dump` and `Marshal.load`.
+* `redis_connector` - An object with a `with` method that yields a Redis connection. Defaults to `ParallelWorkforce::RedisConnector::RedisPool`. If using Sidekiq, it's best to use `ParallelWorkforce::RedisConnector::SidekiqRedisPool`.
+* `job_timeout` - Time allowed to execte a job before timing out. Default is `10` seconds.
+* `job_key_expiration` - Time allowed for result key in Redis to remain before it expires. This should be larger than `job_timeout`. Default is `20` seconds.
+* `production_environment` - Removes serialization/deserialization when executing serially that helps locate problems with objects that fail to serialize. When `Rails` is loaded, uses `Rails.env.production?`, otherwise `true`.
+* `allow_nested_parallelization` - By default, executing `ParallelWorkforce.perform_all` within a ParallelWorkforce `Actor` will execute serially. This can be enabled to allow nesting worker invocations, but ensure that the worker pool is large enough to handle blocked workers waiting for a response. Too small of a pool will lead to timeouts as no workers will be available.
+
+## Development
+
+After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
+
+To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release`, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).
+
+## Contributing
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/EnjoyTech/parallel_workforce.

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+task default: :spec

data/bin/console

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "parallel_workforce"
+
+# You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
+# with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
+
+# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
+# require "pry"
+# Pry.start
+
+require "irb"
+IRB.start(__FILE__)

data/bin/setup

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+set -vx
+
+bundle install
+
+# Do any other automated setup that you need to do here

data/lib/parallel_workforce/configuration.rb

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+module ParallelWorkforce
+  class Configuration
+    attr_accessor(
+      :job_class,
+      :logger,
+      :revision_builder,
+      :serial_mode_checker,
+      :serializer,
+      :redis_connector,
+      :job_timeout,
+      :job_key_expiration,
+      :production_environment,
+      :allow_nested_parallelization,
+    )
+
+    def initialize
+      @job_class = defined?(ActiveJob) && ParallelWorkforce::Job::ActiveJob
+      @logger = defined?(Rails) && Rails.logger
+      @revision_builder = ParallelWorkforce::RevisionBuilder::FilesHash.new
+      @serial_mode_checker = nil
+      @serializer = ParallelWorkforce::Serializer::Marshal.new
+      @redis_connector = ParallelWorkforce::RedisConnector::RedisPool.new
+      @job_timeout = 10
+      @job_key_expiration = 20
+      @production_environment = defined?(Rails) ? Rails.env.production? : true
+      @allow_nested_parallelization = false
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/parallel_workforce/executor.rb

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+require 'securerandom'
+
+module ParallelWorkforce
+  # rubocop:disable Metrics/ClassLength
+  class Executor
+    attr_reader(
+      :actor_classes,
+      :actor_args_array,
+      :execute_serially,
+      :serial_execution_indexes,
+      :job_class,
+      :execution_block,
+    )
+
+    # +actor_classes+: a single class or array of classes that can be instantiated with no args and have a `perform` method.
+    # If an array is passed, the array size must batch the actor_args_array size.
+    # Return results array with element from each actor in the order of the actor_args_array
+    # rubocop:disable Metrics/ParameterLists
+    def initialize(actor_classes:, actor_args_array:,
+        serial_execution_indexes: nil, execute_serially: nil, job_class: nil, execution_block: nil)
+      @actor_classes = normalize_actor_classes!(actor_classes, actor_args_array)
+      @actor_args_array = actor_args_array
+      @serial_execution_indexes = serial_execution_indexes
+      @execute_serially = execute_serially.nil? ? calculate_execute_serially : execute_serially
+      @job_class = job_class || configuration.job_class
+      @execution_block = execution_block
+    end
+    # rubocop:enable Metrics/ParameterLists
+
+    def perform_all
+      serial_execution_indexes = calculate_serial_execution_indexes
+      serial_actor_classes, serial_actor_args_array, parallel_actor_classes, parallel_actor_args_array =
+        split_serial_parallel(serial_execution_indexes, actor_classes, actor_args_array)
+
+      serial_results = nil
+      parallel_results = execute_actors(parallel_actor_classes, parallel_actor_args_array) do
+        serial_results = serial_actor_classes.zip(serial_actor_args_array).collect do |actor_class, actor_args|
+          execute_actor_serially(actor_class, actor_args)
+        end
+      end
+
+      Array.new(actor_args_array.length) do |index|
+        if index == serial_execution_indexes.first
+          serial_execution_indexes.shift
+          serial_results.shift
+        else
+          parallel_results.shift
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def split_serial_parallel(serial_execution_indexes, actor_classes, actor_args_array)
+      serial_execution_indexes = serial_execution_indexes.dup
+
+      [[], [], [], []].tap do |result|
+        actor_classes.zip(actor_args_array).each_with_index do |(actor_class, actor_args), index|
+          if index == serial_execution_indexes.first
+            serial_execution_indexes.shift
+            result[0] << actor_class
+            result[1] << actor_args
+          else
+            result[2] << actor_class
+            result[3] << actor_args
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def calculate_serial_execution_indexes
+      if execute_serially
+        actor_args_array.length.times.to_a
+      elsif serial_execution_indexes
+        serial_execution_indexes.sort.each do |index|
+          if index < 0 || index >= actor_args_array.size
+            raise ArgumentError.new("serial_execution_indexes must be between 0 and #{actor_args_array.size}")
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        []
+      end
+    end
+
+    def configuration
+      ParallelWorkforce.configuration
+    end
+
+    def calculate_execute_serially
+      if ParallelWorkforce::Job::Util::Performer.parallel_workforce_thread? && !configuration.allow_nested_parallelization
+        return true
+      end
+
+      configuration.serial_mode_checker&.execute_serially?
+    end
+
+    def serialize(object)
+      configuration.serializer.serialize(object)
+    end
+
+    def deserialize(string)
+      configuration.serializer.deserialize(string)
+    end
+
+    def serialize_and_deserialize(object)
+      return object if configuration.production_environment
+
+      deserialize(serialize(object))
+    end
+
+    def normalize_actor_classes!(actor_classes, actor_args_array)
+      actor_classes = actor_classes.is_a?(Array) ? actor_classes : Array.new(actor_args_array.length) { actor_classes }
+
+      if actor_classes.length != actor_args_array.length
+        raise ArgumentError.new("actor_classes and actor_args_array must be same length")
+      end
+
+      actor_classes
+    end
+
+    # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
+    def execute_actors(actor_classes, actor_args_array, &execute_actors_serially_proc)
+      result_key = "ParallelWorkforce::Executor:result_key:#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
+
+      result = []
+
+      actor_classes.zip(actor_args_array).each.with_index do |(actor_class, actor_args), index|
+        enqueue_actor(actor_class, actor_args, index, result_key)
+      end
+
+      configuration.redis_connector.with do |redis|
+        redis.expire(result_key, configuration.job_key_expiration)
+      end
+
+      execute_actors_serially_proc.call
+
+      execution_block&.call
+
+      # concat results from enqueued actors
+      result.concat(wait_for_actor_results(result_key, actor_classes, actor_args_array))
+
+      result
+    ensure
+      configuration.redis_connector.with do |redis|
+        redis.del(result_key) if result_key
+      end
+    end
+    # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize
+
+    def execute_actor_serially(actor_class, actor_args)
+      # Mimic serialization behavior in parallel actor execution
+      serialize_and_deserialize(
+        ParallelWorkforce::Job::Util::Performer.perform(
+          actor_class,
+          serialize_and_deserialize(actor_args),
+        ),
+      )
+    end
+
+    def enqueue_actor(actor_class, actor_args, index, result_key)
+      job_class.enqueue_actor(
+        actor_class_name: actor_class.name,
+        result_key: result_key,
+        index: index,
+        server_revision:  configuration.revision_builder&.revision,
+        serialized_actor_args: serialize(actor_args),
+      )
+    end
+
+    # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
+    # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
+    def wait_for_actor_results(result_key, actor_classes, actor_args_array)
+      return [] if (num_results = actor_classes.length) == 0
+
+      result_values = Array.new(num_results)
+      result_count = 0
+
+      configuration.redis_connector.with do |redis|
+        begin
+          Timeout.timeout(configuration.job_timeout) do
+            until result_count == num_results
+              _key, response = redis.blpop(result_key, configuration.job_timeout)
+              raise ParallelWorkforce::TimeoutError.new("Timeout waiting for Redis#blpop") if response.nil?
+
+              result_count += 1
+
+              index, value = parse_response!(response, actor_classes, actor_args_array)
+
+              result_values[index] = value
+            end
+          end
+        rescue Timeout::Error
+          raise ParallelWorkforce::TimeoutError.new("Timeout from ParallelWorkforce job")
+        end
+      end
+
+      result_values
+    end
+    # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize
+    # rubocop:enable Metrics/MethodLength
+
+    def parse_response!(response, actor_classes, actor_args_array)
+      # NOTE: Always stored in Redis with Ruby marshaling, not serializer
+      message = Marshal.load(response)
+      if (error = message[:error])
+        raise ParallelWorkforce::ActorPerformError.new("Error received from parallel actor: #{error}")
+      elsif message[:error_revision]
+        # recoverable error
+        index = message[:index]
+        [index, execute_actor_serially(actor_classes[index], actor_args_array[index])]
+      else
+        begin
+          [message[:index], deserialize(message[:serialized_value])]
+        rescue ParallelWorkforce::SerializerError => e
+          ParallelWorkforce.log(:warn, "Cannot deserialize serialized_value: #{e}")
+
+          index = message[:index]
+          [index, execute_actor_serially(actor_classes[index], actor_args_array[index])]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  # rubocop:enable Metrics/ClassLength
+end

data/lib/parallel_workforce/job/active_job.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+module ParallelWorkforce
+  module Job
+    class ActiveJob < ActiveJob::Base
+      discard_on Exception if defined?(discard_on)
+
+      class << self
+        def enqueue_actor(actor_class_name:, result_key:, index:, server_revision:, serialized_actor_args:)
+          perform_later(
+            actor_class_name: actor_class_name,
+            result_key: result_key,
+            index: index,
+            server_revision: server_revision,
+            serialized_actor_args: serialized_actor_args,
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      def perform(args)
+        ParallelWorkforce::Job::Util::Performer.new(**args.symbolize_keys).perform
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/parallel_workforce/job/active_job_rails.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+module ParallelWorkforce
+  module Job
+    class ActiveJobRails < ParallelWorkforce::Job::ActiveJob
+      class << self
+        def enqueue_actor(actor_class_name:, result_key:, index:, server_revision:, serialized_actor_args:)
+          perform_later(
+            actor_class_name: actor_class_name,
+            result_key: result_key,
+            index: index,
+            server_revision: server_revision,
+            serialized_actor_args: serialized_actor_args,
+            time_zone_name: Time.zone.name,
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      def perform(args)
+        args.symbolize_keys!
+        Time.use_zone(args.delete(:time_zone_name)) do
+          ParallelWorkforce::Job::Util::Performer.new(**args).perform
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/parallel_workforce/job/sidekiq.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+module ParallelWorkforce
+  module Job
+    class Sidekiq
+      include ::Sidekiq::Worker
+
+      sidekiq_options retry: false
+
+      class << self
+        def enqueue_actor(actor_class_name:, result_key:, index:, server_revision:, serialized_actor_args:)
+          perform_async(
+            actor_class_name: actor_class_name,
+            result_key: result_key,
+            index: index,
+            server_revision: server_revision,
+            serialized_actor_args: serialized_actor_args,
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      def perform(args)
+        args = args.each_with_object({}) { |(k, v), result| result[k.to_sym] = v }
+        ParallelWorkforce::Job::Util::Performer.new(**args).perform
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end