packetgen 4.0.0 → 4.1.0

data/lib/packetgen/header/tcp.rb

@@ -29,50 +29,56 @@ module PacketGen
     #   |                             data                              |
     #   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     # A TCP header consists of:
-    # * a source port ({#sport}, {BinStruct::Int16} type),
-    # * a destination port ({#dport}, +Int16+ type),
-    # * a sequence number ({#seqnum}, {BinStruct::Int32} type),
-    # * an acknownledge number ({#acknum}, +Int32+ type),
-    # * a 16-bit field ({#u16}, +Int16+ type) composed of:
-    #   * a 4-bit {#data_offset} self[attr],
+    # * a source port ({#sport}, +BinStruct::Int16+ type),
+    # * a destination port ({#dport}, +BinStruct::Int16+ type),
+    # * a sequence number ({#seqnum}, +BinStruct::Int32+ type),
+    # * an acknownledge number ({#acknum}, +BinStruct::Int32+ type),
+    # * a 16-bit field ({#u16}, +BinStruct::Int16+ type) composed of:
+    #   * a 4-bit {#data_offset},
     #   * a 3-bit {#reserved} field,
     #   * a 9-bit {#flags} field,
-    # * a {#window} field (+Int16+ type),
-    # * a {#checksum} field (+Int16+ type),
-    # * a urgent pointer ({#urg_pointer}, +Int16+ type),
+    # * a {#window} field (+BinStruct::Int16+ type),
+    # * a {#checksum} field (+BinStruct::Int16+ type),
+    # * a urgent pointer ({#urg_pointer}, +BinStruct::Int16+ type),
     # * an optional {#options} field ({Options} type),
-    # * and a {#body} ({BinStruct::String} type).
+    # * and a {#body} (+BinStruct::String+ type).
     #
-    # == Create a TCP header
+    # @example Create a TCP header
     #  # standalone
     #  tcph = PacketGen::Header::TCP.new
     #  # in a IP packet
     #  pkt = PacketGen.gen('IP').add('TCP')
     #  # access to TCP header
-    #  pkt.tcp   # => PacketGen::Header::TCP
+    #  pkt.tcp.class   # => PacketGen::Header::TCP
     #
-    # == TCP attributes
+    # @example TCP attributes
+    #  tcph = PacketGen::Header::TCP.new
     #  tcph.sport = 4500
     #  tcph.dport = 80
     #  tcph.seqnum = 43
     #  tcph.acknum = 0x45678925
     #  tcph.wsize = 0x240
     #  tcph.urg_pointer = 0x40
-    #  tcph.body.read 'this is a body'
+    #  tcph.body = 'this is a body'
     #
-    # == Flags
-    # TCP flags may be accesed as a 9-bit integer:
+    # @example TCP Flags
+    #  tcph = PacketGen::Header::TCP.new
+    #  # TCP flags may be accesed as a 9-bit integer:
     #  tcph.flags = 0x1002
-    # Each flag may be accessed independently:
-    #  tcph.flag_syn?    # => Boolean
+    #  # Each flag may be accessed independently:
+    #  tcph.flag_syn?    # => true
     #  tcph.flag_rst = true
     #
-    # == Options
-    # {#options} TCP attribute is a {Options}. {Option} may added to it:
-    #  tcph.options << PacketGen::Header::TCP::MSS.new(1250)
-    # or:
-    #  tcph.options << { opt: 'MSS', self[attr]: 1250 }
+    # @example TCP Options
+    #  tcph = PacketGen::Header::TCP.new
+    #  # options TCP attribute is a PacketGen::Header::TCP::Options.
+    #  # PacketGen::Header::TCP::Option may added to it:
+    #  tcph.options << PacketGen::Header::TCP::MSS.new(value: 1250)
+    #  # or
+    #  tcph.options << { kind: 'MSS', value: 1250 }
+    #  tcph.options.last.class #=> PacketGen::Header::TCP::MSS
     # @author Sylvain Daubert
+    # @author LemonTree55
     class TCP < Base
     end
   end
@@ -151,7 +157,8 @@ module PacketGen
       #  @return [Options]
       define_attr :options, TCP::Options, builder: ->(h, t) { t.new(length_from: -> { h.data_offset > 5 ? (h.data_offset - 5) * 4 : 0 }) }
       # @!attribute body
-      #  @return [BinStruct::String,Header::Base]
+      #  TCP body
+      #  @return [BinStruct::String,Headerable]
       define_attr :body, BinStruct::String
 
       alias source_port sport
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ module PacketGen
       # @option options [Integer] :window
       # @option options [Integer] :checksum
       # @option options [Integer] :urg_pointer
-      # @option options [String] :body
+      # @option options [String, Headerable] :body
       def initialize(options={})
         opts = { data_offset: 5 }.merge!(options)
         super(opts)
@@ -195,7 +202,7 @@ module PacketGen
       end
 
       # Set all flags at once
-      # @parameter [Integer] value
+      # @param [Integer] value
       # @return [Integer]
       def flags=(value)
         new_u16 = (self.u16 & 0xfe00) | (value & 0x1ff)

data/lib/packetgen/header/tftp.rb

@@ -10,25 +10,26 @@ module PacketGen
   module Header
     # A TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol,
     # {https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1350 RFC 1350}) header consists of:
-    # * a {#opcode} ({BinStruct::Int16Enum}),
+    # * an {#opcode} (+BinStruct::Int16Enum+),
     # * and a body. Its content depends on opcode.
     #
     # Specialized subclasses exists to handle {TFTP::RRQ Read Request},
     # {TFTP::WRQ Write Request}, {TFTP::DATA DATA}, {TFTP::ACK ACK} and
     # {TFTP::ERROR ERROR} packets.
     #
-    # == Create a TFTP header
+    # @example Create a TFTP header
     #  # standalone
     #  tftp = PacketGen::Header::TFTP.new
     #  # in a packet
     #  pkt = PacketGen.gen('IP').add('UDP').add('TFTP')
     #  # access to TFTP header
-    #  pkt.tftp   # => PacketGen::Header::TFTP
+    #  pkt.tftp.class   # => PacketGen::Header::TFTP
     #
-    # == TFTP attributes
+    # @example TFTP attributes
+    #  tftp = PacketGen::Header::TFTP.new
     #  tftp.opcode = 'RRQ'
     #  tftp.opcode = 1
-    #  tftp.body.read 'this is a body'
+    #  tftp.body = 'this is a body'
     #
     # == TFTP parsing
     # When parsing, only first packet (read or write request) should be decoded
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ module PacketGen
     #   packets[0].tftp.decode!(packets[1..-1])
     #   packets.map { |pkt| pkt.headers.last.class.to_s }.join(',')  # => TFTP::RRQ,TFTP::DATA,UDP,TFTP::ACK
     # @author Sylvain Daubert
+    # @author LemonTree55
     # @since 2.3.0
     class TFTP < Base
       # Known opcodes
@@ -63,7 +65,8 @@ module PacketGen
       define_attr :opcode, BinStruct::Int16Enum, enum: OPCODES
 
       # @!attribute body
-      #   @return [String]
+      #   TFTP body, if opcode is unknown
+      #   @return [String,Headerable]
       define_attr :body, BinStruct::String
 
       def initialize(options={})
@@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ module PacketGen
       def read(str)
         if self.instance_of? TFTP
           super
-          if OPCODES.value? opcode
+          if OPCODES.value?(opcode)
             TFTP.const_get(human_opcode).new.read(str)
           else
             self
@@ -145,7 +148,8 @@ module PacketGen
         pkt.udp.dport = udp_dport
       end
 
-      # TFTP Read Request header
+      # TFTP Read Request header.
+      # This header remove {#body} attribute and repalces it with {#filename} and {#mode}.
       class RRQ < TFTP
         remove_attr :body
 
@@ -171,7 +175,8 @@ module PacketGen
         define_attr_before :body, :block_num, BinStruct::Int16
       end
 
-      # TFTP ACK header
+      # TFTP ACK header.
+      # This header remove {#body} attribute and repalces it with {#block_num}.
       class ACK < TFTP
         remove_attr :body
 
@@ -181,7 +186,8 @@ module PacketGen
         define_attr :block_num, BinStruct::Int16
       end
 
-      # TFTP ERROR header
+      # TFTP ERROR header.
+      # This header remove {#body} attribute and repalces it with {#error_code} and {#error_msg}.
       class ERROR < TFTP
         remove_attr :body
 

data/lib/packetgen/header/udp.rb

@@ -17,28 +17,30 @@ module PacketGen
     #   |             Length            |           Checksum            |
     #   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     # A UDP header consists of:
-    # * a source port field ({#sport}, {BinStruct::Int16} type),
-    # * a destination port field ({#dport}, +Int16+ type),
-    # * a UDP length field ({#length}, +Int16+ type),
-    # * a {#checksum} field (+Int16+ type),
+    # * a source port field ({#sport}, +BinStruct::Int16+ type),
+    # * a destination port field ({#dport}, +BinStruct:Int16+ type),
+    # * a UDP length field ({#length}, +BinStruct:Int16+ type),
+    # * a {#checksum} field (+BinStruct:Int16+ type),
     # * and a {#body}.
     #
-    # == Create a UDP header
+    # @example Create a UDP header
     #  # standalone
     #  udp = PacketGen::Header::UDP.new
     #  # in a packet
-    #  pkt = PAcketGen.gen('IP').eadd('UDP')
+    #  pkt = PacketGen.gen('IP').add('UDP')
     #  # access to IP header
-    #  pkt.udp    # => PacketGen::Header::UDP
+    #  pkt.udp.class    # => PacketGen::Header::UDP
     #
-    # == UDP attributes
+    # @example UDP attributes
+    #  udp = PacketGen::Header::UDP.new
     #  udp.sport = 65432
     #  udp.dport = 53
     #  udp.length = 43
     #  udp.checksum = 0xffff
-    #  udp.body.read 'this is a UDP body'
+    #  udp.body = 'this is a UDP body'
     #
     # @author Sylvain Daubert
+    # @author LemonTree55
     class UDP < Base
       # IP protocol number for UDP
       IP_PROTOCOL = 17
@@ -60,7 +62,8 @@ module PacketGen
       #  @return [Integer]
       define_attr :checksum, BinStruct::Int16
       # @!attribute body
-      #  @return [BinStruct::String,Header::Base]
+      #  UDP body
+      #  @return [BinStruct::String,Headerable]
       define_attr :body, BinStruct::String
 
       alias source_port sport
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ module PacketGen
         self.length += self[:body].sz if self[:body].sz.positive?
       end
 
-      # Compute checksum and set +checksum+ field
+      # Compute checksum and set {#checksum} field
       # @return [Integer]
       def calc_checksum
         ip = ip_header(self)
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@ module PacketGen
         self.checksum = IP.reduce_checksum(sum)
       end
 
-      # Compute length and set +length+ field
+      # Compute length and set {#length} field
       # @return [Integer]
       def calc_length
         Base.calculate_and_set_length(self)
@@ -100,7 +103,6 @@ module PacketGen
         self
       end
     end
-
     self.add_class UDP
 
     IP.bind UDP, protocol: UDP::IP_PROTOCOL

data/lib/packetgen/header.rb

@@ -14,21 +14,27 @@ module PacketGen
   #
   # == Add a foreign header class
   # PacketGen permits adding your own header classes.
-  # First, define the new header class. By example:
-  #  module MyModule
-  #    class MyHeader < PacketGen::Header::Base
-  #      define_attr :field1, BinStruct::Int32
-  #      define_attr :field2, BinStruct::Int32
-  #    end
+  # First, define the new header class. Then, this class must be declared to PacketGen using {Header.add_class}.
+  # Finally, bindings must be declared.
+  #
+  # @example Foreign header class
+  #   # Define a new header
+  #   module MyModule
+  #     class MyHeader < PacketGen::Header::Base
+  #       define_attr :field1, BinStruct::Int32
+  #       define_attr :field2, BinStruct::Int32
+  #     end
   #   end
-  # Then, class must be declared to PacketGen:
-  #  PacketGen::Header.add_class(MyModule::MyHeader)
-  # Finally, bindings must be declared:
-  #  # bind MyHeader as IP protocol number 254 (needed by Packet#parse and Packet#add)
-  #  PacketGen::Header::IP.bind_header(MyModule::MyHeader, protocol: 254)
-  # And use it:
-  #  pkt = Packet.gen('IP').add('MyHeader', field1: 0x12345678, field3: 0x87654321)
+  #
+  #   # Declare the new header to PacketGen
+  #   PacketGen::Header.add_class(MyModule::MyHeader)
+  #   # bind it as IP protocol number 254 (needed by Packet#parse and Packet#add)
+  #   PacketGen::Header::IP.bind(MyModule::MyHeader, protocol: 254)
+  #
+  #   # Use it
+  #   pkt = PacketGen.gen('IP').add('MyModule::MyHeader', field1: 0x12345678, field3: 0x87654321)
   # @author Sylvain Daubert
+  # @author LemonTree55
   module Header
     @added_header_classes = {}
 

data/lib/packetgen/headerable.rb

@@ -9,7 +9,13 @@
 module PacketGen
   # This mixin module defines minimal API for a class to act as a header
   # in {Packet}.
+  #
+  # Some others methods may optionally be defined by a {Headerable} object:
+  # * +#calc_length+ to calculate length from content. It should be defined if header as a length attribute.
+  # * +#calc_checksum+ to calculate checksum. It should be defined if header as a checksum attriibute.
+  # * +#reply+ to invert fields in header for a reply.
   # @author Sylvain Daubert
+  # @author LemonTree55
   # @since 3.0.2
   module Headerable
     # This modules handles class methods for {Headerable headerable classes}.
@@ -51,7 +57,7 @@ module PacketGen
     end
 
     # @abstract Should be redefined by subclasses. This method should check invariant
-    #   attributes.from header.
+    #   attributes from header.
     # Called by {Packet#parse} when guessing first header to check if header is correct
     # @return [Boolean]
     def parse?
@@ -74,8 +80,8 @@ module PacketGen
       @packet
     end
 
-    # @abstract This method is called when a header is added to a packet.
-    #   This base method does nothing but may be overriden by subclasses.
+    # @abstract This base method does nothing but may be overriden by subclasses.
+    # This method is called when a header is added to a packet.
     # @param [Packet] packet packet to which self is added
     # @return [void]
     def added_to_packet(packet) end

data/lib/packetgen/inspect.rb

@@ -61,18 +61,13 @@ module PacketGen
       str << Inspect::FMT_ATTR % [type, attr, value]
     end
 
-    # Format an attribute for +#inspect+.
-    # 3 cases are handled:
-    # * attribute value is a {BinStruct::Int}: show value as integer and in
-    #   hexdecimal format,
-    # * attribute value responds to +#to_human+: call it,
-    # * else, +#to_s+ is used to format attribute value.
+    # Format an attribute for +#inspect+. Call +#format_inspect} on +value+.
     # @param [Symbol] attr attribute name
     # @param [Object] value attribute value
     # @param [Integer] level
     # @return [String]
     def self.inspect_attribute(attr, value, level=1)
-      type = value.class.to_s.sub(/.*::/, '')
+      type = value.type_name
       self.format(type, attr, value.format_inspect, level)
     end
 

data/lib/packetgen/packet.rb

@@ -7,50 +7,58 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2016 Sylvain Daubert <sylvain.daubert@laposte.net>
 # This program is published under MIT license.
 
-# rubocop:disable Metrics/ClassLength
-
 module PacketGen
   # An object of type {Packet} handles a network packet. This packet may contain
   # multiple protocol headers, starting from MAC layer or from Network (OSI) layer.
   #
-  # Creating a packet is fairly simple:
-  #  Packet.gen 'IP', src: '192.168.1.1', dst: '192.168.1.2'
+  # A Packet is created using {.gen} method. Headers may be added to this packet using {#add}.
+  # It may also be created from parsing a binary string, using {.parse} method.
+  #
+  # @example Very simple packet
+  #   # Create a packet with a single IP header. IP source and destination addresses are set.
+  #   pkt = PacketGen::Packet.gen('IP', src: '192.168.1.1', dst: '192.168.1.2')
   #
-  # == Create a packet
-  # Packets may be hand-made or parsed from a binary string:
-  #  Packet.gen('IP', src: '192.168.1.1', dst: '192.168.1.2').add('UDP', sport: 45000, dport: 23)
-  #  Packet.parse(binary_string)
+  # @example Parsing a binary string
+  #  # a IP/ICMP packet, as binary string
+  #  binary_string = "E\x00\x00\x1C\xAA`\x00\x00@\x01M-\xC0\xA8\x01\x01\xC0\xA8\x01\x02\x00\b;1abcd".b
+  #  pkt = PacketGen::Packet.parse(binary_string)
+  #  pkt.is?('IP')    #=> true
+  #  pkt.is?('ICMP')  #=> true
   #
-  # == Access packet information
-  #  pkt = Packet.gen('IP').add('UDP')
-  #  # read information
-  #  pkt.udp.sport
-  #  pkt.ip.ttl
-  #  # set information
-  #  pkt.udp.dport = 2323
-  #  pkt.ip.ttl = 1
-  #  pkt.ip(ttl: 1, id: 1234)
+  # Information for each level is accessible through the associated header. Header is accessible through a
+  # method defined with its name at packet level (i.e. +#ip+ for a IP header).
   #
-  # == Save a packet to a file
-  #  pkt.write('file.pcapng')
+  # @example Accessing header information
+  #   pkt = PacketGen::Packet.gen('IP').add('UDP')
+  #   # read information
+  #   pkt.udp.sport #=> 0
+  #   pkt.ip.ttl    #=> 64
+  #   # set information
+  #   pkt.udp.dport = 2323
+  #   pkt.ip.ttl = 1
+  #   # Set multiple attributes at once
+  #   pkt.ip(ttl: 1, id: 1234)
   #
-  # == Get packets
-  # Packets may be captured from wire:
-  #  Packet.capture do |packet|
-  #    do_some_stuffs
-  #  end
-  #  packets = Packet.capture(iface: 'eth0', max: 5)  # get 5 packets from eth0
+  # Packets may be written to files using {#write}:
+  #   pkt = PacketGen::Packet.gen('Eth')
+  #   pkt.write('file.pcapng')
   #
-  # Packets may also be read from a file:
-  #  packets = Packet.read(file.pcapng)
+  # Packets may be captured from network interfaces:
+  #   # Capture all packets from default interface. Never end.
+  #   PacketGen::Packet.capture do |packet|
+  #     do_some_stuffs
+  #   end
   #
-  # == Save packets to a file
-  #  Packet.write 'file.pcapng', packets
+  #   # Get 5 packets from eth0 interface
+  #   packets = Packet.capture(iface: 'eth0', max: 5)
   #
+  # Finally, packets may also be read from a file:
+  #   packets = Packet.read(file.pcapng)
   # @author Sylvain Daubert
+  # @author LemonTree55
   class Packet
     # Get packet headers, ordered as they appear in the packet.
-    # @return [Array<Header::Base>]
+    # @return [Array<Headerable>]
     attr_reader :headers
     # Activaye or deactivate header cache (activated by default)
     # @return [Boolean]
@@ -142,7 +150,15 @@ module PacketGen
     # @param [String] protocol
     # @param [Hash] options protocol specific options
     # @return [self]
-    # @raise [BindingError] unknown protocol
+    # @raise [ArgumentError] unknown protocol
+    # @raise [BindingError] unknown binding
+    # @see #<<
+    # @example
+    #  pkt = PacketGen::Packet.gen('Eth')
+    #  # Add a IP header
+    #  pkt.add('IP')
+    #  # Add a TCP header, with some attributes and body set
+    #  pkt.add('TCP', dport: 80, seqnum: 123456, body: "abcd".b)
     def add(protocol, options={})
       klass = check_protocol(protocol)
 
@@ -174,6 +190,7 @@ module PacketGen
     end
 
     # Check if a protocol header is embedded in packet.
+    # @example
     #   pkt = PacketGen.gen('IP').add('UDP')
     #   pkt.is?('IP')   #=> true
     #   pkt.is?('TCP')  #=> false
@@ -210,16 +227,22 @@ module PacketGen
       end
     end
 
-    # Get packet body
-    # @return [Types]
+    # Get packet body. If packet (i.e. last header) has no +:body+ field, return +nil+.
+    # @return [Headerable,BinStruct::String,nil]
     def body
       last_header[:body] if last_header.respond_to?(:body)
     end
 
     # Set packet body
-    # @param [String] str
+    # @param [String] str Binary string
     # @return [void]
+    # @raise [Error] Packet (i.e. last header) has no +:body+ field.
+    # @note To set a {Headerable} object, prefer #{<<}
+    # @see #<<
+    # @since 4.1.0 raise {Error} if no body on packet
     def body=(str)
+      raise Error, 'no body in last headeré' unless last_header.respond_to?(:body)
+
       last_header.body = str
     end
 
@@ -270,6 +293,13 @@ module PacketGen
     # @return [self] +self+ updated with new headers from +other+
     # @raise [BindingError] do not known how to encapsulate
     # @since 1.1.0
+    # @example
+    #   # Create a first IP packet
+    #   ip1 = PacketGen::Packet.gen('IP', id: 1)
+    #   # Create second IP packet, to encapsulate in first
+    #   ip2 = PacketGen.gen('IP', id: 2)
+    #   ip1.encapsulate(ip2)
+    #   ip1.ip(2) == ip2.ip
     def encapsulate(other, parsing: false)
       other.headers.each_with_index do |h, i|
         add_header(h, parsing: i.positive? || parsing)
@@ -282,6 +312,12 @@ module PacketGen
     # @raise [FormatError] any headers not in +self+
     # @raise [BindingError] removed headers result in an unknown binding
     # @since 1.1.0
+    # @example
+    #  # IP/IP encapsulation
+    #  pkt = PacketGen::Packet.gen('IP', id: 1).add('IP', id:2)
+    #  # Remove outer IP header
+    #  pkt.decapsulate(pkt.ip(1))
+    #  pkt.ip.id #=> 2
     def decapsulate(*hdrs)
       hdrs.each do |hdr|
         prev_hdr = previous_header(hdr)
@@ -290,6 +326,7 @@ module PacketGen
         add_header(next_hdr, previous_header: prev_hdr) if prev_hdr && next_hdr
       end
       invalidate_header_cache
+      self
     rescue ArgumentError => e
       raise FormatError, e.message
     end
@@ -334,7 +371,7 @@ module PacketGen
       to_s == other.to_s
     end
 
-    # +true+ is {#==} is +true+ with another packet, or if +other+ is a protocol name String, whose protocol is in Packet.
+    # +true+ if {#==} is +true+ with another packet, or if +other+ is a protocol name String, whose protocol is in Packet.
     # @param [Packet] other
     # @return [Boolean]
     # @since 3.1.2
@@ -349,8 +386,9 @@ module PacketGen
       end
     end
 
-    # Invert all possible attributes.in packet to create a reply.
+    # Invert all possible attributes in packet to create a reply.
     # @return [self]
+    # @note Only modify headers responding to +#reply!+.
     # @since 2.7.0
     def reply!
       headers.each do |header|
@@ -362,12 +400,32 @@ module PacketGen
     # Forge a new packet from current one with all possible fields
     # inverted. The new packet may be a reply to current one.
     # @return [Packet]
+    # @note Only modify headers responding to +#reply!+.
     # @since 2.7.0
     def reply
       pkt = dup
       pkt.reply!
     end
 
+    # Append an already defined header to packet
+    # @param [Headerable] header
+    # @return [self]
+    # @raise [ArgumentError] unknown protocol
+    # @raise [BindingError] unknown binding
+    # @example
+    #  pkt = PacketGen.gen('Eth')
+    #  # Add a new header from its type
+    #  pkt.add('IP')
+    #  # Add a new pre-generated header
+    #  pkt << PacketGen::Header::TCP.new
+    # @see #add
+    # @since 4.1.0
+    # @author LemonTree55
+    def <<(header)
+      add_header(header)
+      self
+    end
+
     private
 
     # Dup +@headers+ instance variable. Internally used by +#dup+ and +#clone+

data/lib/packetgen/pcapng/block.rb

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ module PacketGen
   module PcapNG
     # @abstract Base class for all block types
     # @author Sylvain Daubert
+    # @author LemonTree55
     class Block < BinStruct::Struct
       # @return [:little, :big]
       attr_accessor :endian
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ module PacketGen
       def to_io(str_or_io)
         return str_or_io if str_or_io.respond_to?(:read)
 
-        StringIO.new(force_binary(str_or_io.to_s))
+        StringIO.new(str_or_io.to_s.b)
       end
 
       def remove_padding(io, data_len)