ox-bundlecachetest 2.14.23

data/ext/ox/dump.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1260 @@
+/* dump.c
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, Peter Ohler
+ * All rights reserved.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "base64.h"
+#include "cache8.h"
+#include "ox.h"
+
+#define USE_B64 0
+#define MAX_DEPTH 1000
+
+typedef unsigned long ulong;
+
+typedef struct _str {
+    const char *str;
+    size_t      len;
+} *Str;
+
+typedef struct _element {
+    struct _str   clas;
+    struct _str   attr;
+    unsigned long id;
+    int           indent; /* < 0 indicates no \n */
+    int           closed;
+    char          type;
+} *Element;
+
+typedef struct _out {
+    void (*w_start)(struct _out *out, Element e);
+    void (*w_end)(struct _out *out, Element e);
+    void (*w_time)(struct _out *out, VALUE obj);
+    char         *buf;
+    char         *end;
+    char         *cur;
+    Cache8        circ_cache;
+    unsigned long circ_cnt;
+    int           indent;
+    int           depth; /* used by dumpHash */
+    Options       opts;
+    VALUE         obj;
+} *Out;
+
+static void dump_obj_to_xml(VALUE obj, Options copts, Out out);
+
+static void dump_first_obj(VALUE obj, Out out);
+static void dump_obj(ID aid, VALUE obj, int depth, Out out);
+static void dump_gen_doc(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out);
+static void dump_gen_element(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out);
+static void dump_gen_instruct(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out);
+static int  dump_gen_attr(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ov);
+static int  dump_gen_nodes(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out);
+static void
+dump_gen_val_node(VALUE obj, int depth, const char *pre, size_t plen, const char *suf, size_t slen, Out out);
+
+static void dump_start(Out out, Element e);
+static void dump_end(Out out, Element e);
+
+static void grow(Out out, size_t len);
+
+static void dump_value(Out out, const char *value, size_t size);
+static void dump_str_value(Out out, const char *value, size_t size, const char *table);
+static int  dump_var(ID key, VALUE value, VALUE ov);
+static void dump_num(Out out, VALUE obj);
+static void dump_date(Out out, VALUE obj);
+static void dump_time_thin(Out out, VALUE obj);
+static void dump_time_xsd(Out out, VALUE obj);
+static int  dump_hash(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ov);
+
+static int is_xml_friendly(const uchar *str, int len, const char *table);
+
+static const char hex_chars[17] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+// The : character is equivalent to 10. Used for replacement characters up to 10
+// characters long such as '&#x10FFFF;'.
+static const char xml_friendly_chars[257] = "\
+:::::::::11::1::::::::::::::::::\
+11611156111111111111111111114141\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111";
+
+static const char xml_quote_chars[257] = "\
+:::::::::11::1::::::::::::::::::\
+11611151111111111111111111114141\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111";
+
+static const char xml_element_chars[257] = "\
+:::::::::11::1::::::::::::::::::\
+11111151111111111111111111114141\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111\
+11111111111111111111111111111111";
+
+inline static int is_xml_friendly(const uchar *str, int len, const char *table) {
+    for (; 0 < len; str++, len--) {
+        if ('1' != table[*str]) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+inline static size_t xml_str_len(const uchar *str, size_t len, const char *table) {
+    size_t size = 0;
+
+    for (; 0 < len; str++, len--) {
+        size += xml_friendly_chars[*str];
+    }
+    return size - len * (size_t)'0';
+}
+
+inline static void dump_hex(uchar c, Out out) {
+    uchar d = (c >> 4) & 0x0F;
+
+    *out->cur++ = hex_chars[d];
+    d           = c & 0x0F;
+    *out->cur++ = hex_chars[d];
+}
+
+static Type obj_class_code(VALUE obj) {
+    VALUE clas = rb_obj_class(obj);
+
+    switch (rb_type(obj)) {
+    case T_NIL: return NilClassCode;
+    case T_ARRAY: return ArrayCode;
+    case T_HASH: return HashCode;
+    case T_TRUE: return TrueClassCode;
+    case T_FALSE: return FalseClassCode;
+    case T_FIXNUM: return FixnumCode;
+    case T_FLOAT: return FloatCode;
+    case T_STRING:
+        return (is_xml_friendly((uchar *)StringValuePtr(obj), (int)RSTRING_LEN(obj), xml_element_chars)) ? StringCode
+                                                                                                         : String64Code;
+    case T_SYMBOL: {
+        const char *sym = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(obj));
+
+        return (is_xml_friendly((uchar *)sym, (int)strlen(sym), xml_element_chars)) ? SymbolCode : Symbol64Code;
+    }
+    case T_DATA: return (rb_cTime == clas) ? TimeCode : ((ox_date_class == clas) ? DateCode : 0);
+    case T_STRUCT: return (rb_cRange == clas) ? RangeCode : StructCode;
+    case T_OBJECT: return (ox_document_clas == clas || ox_element_clas == clas) ? RawCode : ObjectCode;
+    case T_REGEXP: return RegexpCode;
+    case T_BIGNUM: return BignumCode;
+    case T_COMPLEX: return ComplexCode;
+    case T_RATIONAL: return RationalCode;
+    case T_CLASS: return ClassCode;
+    default: return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+inline static void fill_indent(Out out, int cnt) {
+    if (0 <= cnt) {
+        *out->cur++ = '\n';
+        if (0 < out->opts->margin_len) {
+            memcpy(out->cur, out->opts->margin, out->opts->margin_len);
+            out->cur += out->opts->margin_len;
+        }
+        for (; 0 < cnt; cnt--) {
+            *out->cur++ = ' ';
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline static void fill_value(Out out, const char *value, size_t len) {
+    if (6 < len) {
+        memcpy(out->cur, value, len);
+        out->cur += len;
+    } else {
+        for (; 0 < len; len--, value++) {
+            *out->cur++ = *value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline static void fill_attr(Out out, char name, const char *value, size_t len) {
+    *out->cur++ = ' ';
+    *out->cur++ = name;
+    *out->cur++ = '=';
+    *out->cur++ = '"';
+    if (6 < len) {
+        memcpy(out->cur, value, len);
+        out->cur += len;
+    } else {
+        for (; 0 < len; len--, value++) {
+            *out->cur++ = *value;
+        }
+    }
+    *out->cur++ = '"';
+}
+
+inline static const char *ulong2str(ulong num, char *end) {
+    char *b;
+
+    *end-- = '\0';
+    for (b = end; 0 < num || b == end; num /= 10, b--) {
+        *b = (num % 10) + '0';
+    }
+    b++;
+
+    return b;
+}
+
+static int check_circular(Out out, VALUE obj, Element e) {
+    slot_t *slot;
+    slot_t  id;
+    int     result;
+
+    if (0 == (id = ox_cache8_get(out->circ_cache, obj, &slot))) {
+        out->circ_cnt++;
+        id     = out->circ_cnt;
+        *slot  = id;
+        e->id  = id;
+        result = 0;
+    } else {
+        e->type     = RefCode;
+        e->clas.len = 0;
+        e->clas.str = 0;
+        e->closed   = 1;
+        e->id       = id;
+        out->w_start(out, e);
+        result = 1;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void grow(Out out, size_t len) {
+    size_t size = out->end - out->buf;
+    long   pos  = out->cur - out->buf;
+
+    size *= 2;
+    if (size <= len * 2 + pos) {
+        size += len;
+    }
+    REALLOC_N(out->buf, char, size + 10); /* 10 extra for terminator character plus extra (paranoid) */
+    out->end = out->buf + size;
+    out->cur = out->buf + pos;
+}
+
+static void dump_start(Out out, Element e) {
+    size_t size = e->indent + 4 + out->opts->margin_len;
+
+    if (0 < e->attr.len) { /* a="attr" */
+        size += e->attr.len + 5;
+    }
+    if (0 < e->clas.len) { /* c="class" */
+        size += e->clas.len + 5;
+    }
+    if (0 < e->id) { /* i="id" */
+        size += 24;  /* over estimate, 19 digits */
+    }
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    if (out->buf + out->opts->margin_len < out->cur) {
+        fill_indent(out, e->indent);
+    }
+    *out->cur++ = '<';
+    *out->cur++ = e->type;
+    if (0 < e->attr.len) {
+        fill_attr(out, 'a', e->attr.str, e->attr.len);
+    }
+    if ((ObjectCode == e->type || ExceptionCode == e->type || StructCode == e->type || ClassCode == e->type) &&
+        0 < e->clas.len) {
+        fill_attr(out, 'c', e->clas.str, e->clas.len);
+    }
+    if (0 < e->id) {
+        char        buf[32];
+        char       *end = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
+        const char *s   = ulong2str(e->id, end);
+
+        fill_attr(out, 'i', s, end - s);
+    }
+    if (e->closed) {
+        if (out->opts->no_empty) {
+            *out->cur++ = '>';
+            *out->cur++ = '<';
+            *out->cur++ = '/';
+            *out->cur++ = e->type;
+        } else {
+            *out->cur++ = '/';
+        }
+    }
+    *out->cur++ = '>';
+    *out->cur   = '\0';
+}
+
+static void dump_end(Out out, Element e) {
+    size_t size = e->indent + 5 + out->opts->margin_len;
+
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    fill_indent(out, e->indent);
+    *out->cur++ = '<';
+    *out->cur++ = '/';
+    *out->cur++ = e->type;
+    *out->cur++ = '>';
+    *out->cur   = '\0';
+}
+
+inline static void dump_value(Out out, const char *value, size_t size) {
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    if (6 < size) {
+        memcpy(out->cur, value, size);
+        out->cur += size;
+    } else {
+        for (; 0 < size; size--, value++) {
+            *out->cur++ = *value;
+        }
+    }
+    *out->cur = '\0';
+}
+
+inline static void dump_str_value(Out out, const char *value, size_t size, const char *table) {
+    size_t xsize = xml_str_len((const uchar *)value, size, table);
+
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)xsize) {
+        grow(out, xsize);
+    }
+    for (; 0 < size; size--, value++) {
+        if ('1' == table[(uchar)*value]) {
+            *out->cur++ = *value;
+        } else {
+            switch (*value) {
+            case '"':
+                *out->cur++ = '&';
+                *out->cur++ = 'q';
+                *out->cur++ = 'u';
+                *out->cur++ = 'o';
+                *out->cur++ = 't';
+                *out->cur++ = ';';
+                break;
+            case '&':
+                *out->cur++ = '&';
+                *out->cur++ = 'a';
+                *out->cur++ = 'm';
+                *out->cur++ = 'p';
+                *out->cur++ = ';';
+                break;
+            case '\'':
+                *out->cur++ = '&';
+                *out->cur++ = 'a';
+                *out->cur++ = 'p';
+                *out->cur++ = 'o';
+                *out->cur++ = 's';
+                *out->cur++ = ';';
+                break;
+            case '<':
+                *out->cur++ = '&';
+                *out->cur++ = 'l';
+                *out->cur++ = 't';
+                *out->cur++ = ';';
+                break;
+            case '>':
+                *out->cur++ = '&';
+                *out->cur++ = 'g';
+                *out->cur++ = 't';
+                *out->cur++ = ';';
+                break;
+            default:
+                // Must be one of the invalid characters.
+                if (StrictEffort == out->opts->effort) {
+                    rb_raise(ox_syntax_error_class, "'\\#x%02x' is not a valid XML character.", *value);
+                }
+                if (Yes == out->opts->allow_invalid) {
+                    *out->cur++ = '&';
+                    *out->cur++ = '#';
+                    *out->cur++ = 'x';
+                    *out->cur++ = '0';
+                    *out->cur++ = '0';
+                    dump_hex(*value, out);
+                    *out->cur++ = ';';
+                } else if ('\0' != *out->opts->inv_repl) {
+                    // If the empty string then ignore. The first character of
+                    // the replacement is the length.
+                    memcpy(out->cur, out->opts->inv_repl + 1, (size_t)*out->opts->inv_repl);
+                    out->cur += *out->opts->inv_repl;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    *out->cur = '\0';
+}
+
+inline static void dump_num(Out out, VALUE obj) {
+    char  buf[32];
+    char *b   = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
+    long  num = NUM2LONG(obj);
+    int   neg = 0;
+
+    if (0 > num) {
+        neg = 1;
+        num = -num;
+    }
+    *b-- = '\0';
+    if (0 < num) {
+        for (; 0 < num; num /= 10, b--) {
+            *b = (num % 10) + '0';
+        }
+        if (neg) {
+            *b = '-';
+        } else {
+            b++;
+        }
+    } else {
+        *b = '0';
+    }
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)(sizeof(buf) - (b - buf))) {
+        grow(out, sizeof(buf) - (b - buf));
+    }
+    for (; '\0' != *b; b++) {
+        *out->cur++ = *b;
+    }
+    *out->cur = '\0';
+}
+
+static void dump_time_thin(Out out, VALUE obj) {
+    char            buf[64];
+    char           *b    = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
+    struct timespec ts   = rb_time_timespec(obj);
+    time_t          sec  = ts.tv_sec;
+    long            nsec = ts.tv_nsec;
+    char           *dot  = b - 10;
+    long            size;
+
+    *b-- = '\0';
+    for (; dot < b; b--, nsec /= 10) {
+        *b = '0' + (nsec % 10);
+    }
+    *b-- = '.';
+    for (; 0 < sec; b--, sec /= 10) {
+        *b = '0' + (sec % 10);
+    }
+    b++;
+    size = sizeof(buf) - (b - buf) - 1;
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    memcpy(out->cur, b, size);
+    out->cur += size;
+}
+
+static void dump_date(Out out, VALUE obj) {
+    char  buf[64];
+    char *b  = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
+    long  jd = NUM2LONG(rb_funcall2(obj, ox_jd_id, 0, 0));
+    long  size;
+
+    *b-- = '\0';
+    for (; 0 < jd; b--, jd /= 10) {
+        *b = '0' + (jd % 10);
+    }
+    b++;
+    if ('\0' == *b) {
+        b--;
+        *b = '0';
+    }
+    size = sizeof(buf) - (b - buf) - 1;
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    memcpy(out->cur, b, size);
+    out->cur += size;
+}
+
+static void dump_time_xsd(Out out, VALUE obj) {
+    struct tm      *tm;
+    struct timespec ts   = rb_time_timespec(obj);
+    time_t          sec  = ts.tv_sec;
+    long            nsec = ts.tv_nsec;
+    int             tzhour, tzmin;
+    char            tzsign = '+';
+
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= 33) {
+        grow(out, 33);
+    }
+    /* 2010-07-09T10:47:45.895826+09:00 */
+    tm = localtime(&sec);
+#if HAVE_ST_TM_GMTOFF
+    if (0 > tm->tm_gmtoff) {
+        tzsign = '-';
+        tzhour = (int)(tm->tm_gmtoff / -3600);
+        tzmin  = (int)(tm->tm_gmtoff / -60) - (tzhour * 60);
+    } else {
+        tzhour = (int)(tm->tm_gmtoff / 3600);
+        tzmin  = (int)(tm->tm_gmtoff / 60) - (tzhour * 60);
+    }
+#else
+    tzhour = 0;
+    tzmin  = 0;
+#endif
+    /* TBD replace with more efficient printer */
+    out->cur += sprintf(out->cur,
+                        "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d.%06ld%c%02d:%02d",
+                        tm->tm_year + 1900,
+                        tm->tm_mon + 1,
+                        tm->tm_mday,
+                        tm->tm_hour,
+                        tm->tm_min,
+                        tm->tm_sec,
+                        nsec / 1000,
+                        tzsign,
+                        tzhour,
+                        tzmin);
+}
+
+static void dump_first_obj(VALUE obj, Out out) {
+    char    buf[128];
+    Options copts = out->opts;
+    int     cnt;
+
+    if (Yes == copts->with_xml) {
+        if (0 < copts->margin_len) {
+            dump_value(out, copts->margin, copts->margin_len);
+        }
+        if ('\0' == *copts->encoding) {
+            dump_value(out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>", 21);
+        } else {
+            cnt = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"%s\"?>", copts->encoding);
+            dump_value(out, buf, cnt);
+        }
+    }
+    if (Yes == copts->with_instruct) {
+        if (out->buf < out->cur) {
+            dump_value(out, "\n", 1);
+        }
+        if (0 < copts->margin_len) {
+            dump_value(out, copts->margin, copts->margin_len);
+        }
+        cnt = snprintf(
+            buf,
+            sizeof(buf),
+            "<?ox version=\"1.0\" mode=\"object\"%s%s?>",
+            (Yes == copts->circular) ? " circular=\"yes\"" : ((No == copts->circular) ? " circular=\"no\"" : ""),
+            (Yes == copts->xsd_date) ? " xsd_date=\"yes\"" : ((No == copts->xsd_date) ? " xsd_date=\"no\"" : ""));
+        dump_value(out, buf, cnt);
+    }
+    if (Yes == copts->with_dtd) {
+        if (0 < copts->margin_len) {
+            dump_value(out, copts->margin, copts->margin_len);
+        }
+        cnt = snprintf(buf,
+                       sizeof(buf),
+                       "%s<!DOCTYPE %c SYSTEM \"ox.dtd\">",
+                       (out->buf < out->cur) ? "\n" : "",
+                       obj_class_code(obj));
+        dump_value(out, buf, cnt);
+    }
+    if (0 < copts->margin_len) {
+        dump_value(out, copts->margin, copts->margin_len);
+    }
+    dump_obj(0, obj, 0, out);
+}
+
+static void dump_obj(ID aid, VALUE obj, int depth, Out out) {
+    struct _element e;
+    VALUE           prev_obj = out->obj;
+    char            value_buf[64];
+    int             cnt;
+
+    if (MAX_DEPTH < depth) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eSysStackError, "maximum depth exceeded");
+    }
+    out->obj = obj;
+    if (0 == aid) {
+        e.attr.str = 0;
+        e.attr.len = 0;
+    } else {
+        e.attr.str = rb_id2name(aid);
+        // Ruby 2.3 started to return NULL for some IDs so check for
+        // NULL. Ignore if NULL aid.
+        if (NULL == e.attr.str) {
+            return;
+        }
+        e.attr.len = strlen(e.attr.str);
+    }
+    e.closed = 0;
+    if (0 == depth) {
+        e.indent = (0 <= out->indent) ? 0 : -1;
+    } else if (0 > out->indent) {
+        e.indent = -1;
+    } else if (0 == out->indent) {
+        e.indent = 0;
+    } else {
+        e.indent = depth * out->indent;
+    }
+    e.id       = 0;
+    e.clas.len = 0;
+    e.clas.str = 0;
+    switch (rb_type(obj)) {
+    case T_NIL:
+        e.type   = NilClassCode;
+        e.closed = 1;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        break;
+    case T_ARRAY:
+        if (0 != out->circ_cache && check_circular(out, obj, &e)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        cnt      = (int)RARRAY_LEN(obj);
+        e.type   = ArrayCode;
+        e.closed = (0 >= cnt);
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        if (!e.closed) {
+            const VALUE *np = RARRAY_PTR(obj);
+            int          i;
+            int          d2 = depth + 1;
+
+            for (i = cnt; 0 < i; i--, np++) {
+                dump_obj(0, *np, d2, out);
+            }
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        }
+        break;
+    case T_HASH:
+        if (0 != out->circ_cache && check_circular(out, obj, &e)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        cnt      = (int)RHASH_SIZE(obj);
+        e.type   = HashCode;
+        e.closed = (0 >= cnt);
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        if (0 < cnt) {
+            unsigned int od = out->depth;
+
+            out->depth = depth + 1;
+            rb_hash_foreach(obj, dump_hash, (VALUE)out);
+            out->depth = od;
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        }
+        break;
+    case T_TRUE:
+        e.type   = TrueClassCode;
+        e.closed = 1;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        break;
+    case T_FALSE:
+        e.type   = FalseClassCode;
+        e.closed = 1;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        break;
+    case T_FIXNUM:
+        e.type = FixnumCode;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        dump_num(out, obj);
+        e.indent = -1;
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+        break;
+    case T_FLOAT:
+        e.type = FloatCode;
+        cnt    = snprintf(value_buf, sizeof(value_buf), "%0.16g", rb_num2dbl(obj));
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        dump_value(out, value_buf, cnt);
+        e.indent = -1;
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+        break;
+    case T_STRING: {
+        const char *str;
+
+        if (0 != out->circ_cache && check_circular(out, obj, &e)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        str = StringValuePtr(obj);
+        cnt = (int)RSTRING_LEN(obj);
+#if USE_B64
+        if (is_xml_friendly((uchar *)str, cnt)) {
+            e.type = StringCode;
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            dump_str_value(out, str, cnt, '<');
+            e.indent = -1;
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        } else {
+            ulong size = b64_size(cnt);
+            char *b64  = ALLOCA_N(char, size + 1);
+
+            e.type = String64Code;
+            to_base64((uchar *)str, cnt, b64);
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            dump_value(out, b64, size);
+            e.indent = -1;
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        }
+#else
+        e.type = StringCode;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        dump_str_value(out, str, cnt, xml_element_chars);
+        e.indent = -1;
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+#endif
+        break;
+    }
+    case T_SYMBOL: {
+        const char *sym = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(obj));
+
+        cnt = (int)strlen(sym);
+#if USE_B64
+        if (is_xml_friendly((uchar *)sym, cnt)) {
+            e.type = SymbolCode;
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            dump_str_value(out, sym, cnt, '<');
+            e.indent = -1;
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        } else {
+            ulong size = b64_size(cnt);
+            char *b64  = ALLOCA_N(char, size + 1);
+
+            e.type = Symbol64Code;
+            to_base64((uchar *)sym, cnt, b64);
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            dump_value(out, b64, size);
+            e.indent = -1;
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        }
+#else
+        e.type = SymbolCode;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        dump_str_value(out, sym, cnt, xml_element_chars);
+        e.indent = -1;
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+#endif
+        break;
+    }
+    case T_DATA: {
+        VALUE clas;
+
+        clas = rb_obj_class(obj);
+        if (rb_cTime == clas) {
+            e.type = TimeCode;
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            out->w_time(out, obj);
+            e.indent = -1;
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        } else {
+            const char *classname = rb_class2name(clas);
+
+            if (0 == strcmp("Date", classname)) {
+                e.type = DateCode;
+                out->w_start(out, &e);
+                dump_date(out, obj);
+                e.indent = -1;
+                out->w_end(out, &e);
+            } else if (0 == strcmp("BigDecimal", classname)) {
+                volatile VALUE rs = rb_String(obj);
+
+                e.type = BigDecimalCode;
+                out->w_start(out, &e);
+                dump_value(out, StringValuePtr(rs), RSTRING_LEN(rs));
+                e.indent = -1;
+                out->w_end(out, &e);
+            } else {
+                if (StrictEffort == out->opts->effort) {
+                    rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "Failed to dump T_DATA %s\n", classname);
+                } else {
+                    e.type   = NilClassCode;
+                    e.closed = 1;
+                    out->w_start(out, &e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case T_STRUCT: {
+#ifdef RSTRUCT_GET
+        VALUE clas;
+
+        if (0 != out->circ_cache && check_circular(out, obj, &e)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        clas = rb_obj_class(obj);
+        if (rb_cRange == clas) {
+            VALUE beg  = RSTRUCT_GET(obj, 0);
+            VALUE end  = RSTRUCT_GET(obj, 1);
+            VALUE excl = RSTRUCT_GET(obj, 2);
+            int   d2   = depth + 1;
+
+            e.type     = RangeCode;
+            e.clas.len = 5;
+            e.clas.str = "Range";
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            dump_obj(ox_beg_id, beg, d2, out);
+            dump_obj(ox_end_id, end, d2, out);
+            dump_obj(ox_excl_id, excl, d2, out);
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        } else {
+            char num_buf[16];
+            int  d2 = depth + 1;
+            long i;
+            long cnt   = NUM2LONG(rb_struct_size(obj));
+            e.type     = StructCode;
+            e.clas.str = rb_class2name(clas);
+            e.clas.len = strlen(e.clas.str);
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+
+            for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+                VALUE v = RSTRUCT_GET(obj, (int)(i));
+                dump_obj(rb_intern(ulong2str(i, num_buf + sizeof(num_buf) - 1)), v, d2, out);
+            }
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        }
+#else
+        e.type   = NilClassCode;
+        e.closed = 1;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+#endif
+        break;
+    }
+    case T_OBJECT: {
+        VALUE clas;
+
+        if (0 != out->circ_cache && check_circular(out, obj, &e)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        clas       = rb_obj_class(obj);
+        e.clas.str = rb_class2name(clas);
+        e.clas.len = strlen(e.clas.str);
+        if (ox_document_clas == clas) {
+            e.type = RawCode;
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            dump_gen_doc(obj, depth + 1, out);
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        } else if (ox_element_clas == clas) {
+            e.type = RawCode;
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            dump_gen_element(obj, depth + 1, out);
+            out->w_end(out, &e);
+        } else { /* Object */
+            e.type   = (Qtrue == rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, rb_eException)) ? ExceptionCode : ObjectCode;
+            cnt      = (int)rb_ivar_count(obj);
+            e.closed = (0 >= cnt);
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+            if (0 < cnt) {
+                unsigned int od = out->depth;
+
+                out->depth = depth + 1;
+                rb_ivar_foreach(obj, dump_var, (VALUE)out);
+                out->depth = od;
+                out->w_end(out, &e);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case T_REGEXP: {
+        volatile VALUE rs = rb_funcall2(obj, ox_inspect_id, 0, 0);
+        const char    *s  = StringValuePtr(rs);
+
+        cnt    = (int)RSTRING_LEN(rs);
+        e.type = RegexpCode;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+#if USE_B64
+        if (is_xml_friendly((uchar *)s, cnt)) {
+            /*dump_value(out, "/", 1); */
+            dump_str_value(out, s, cnt, '<');
+        } else {
+            ulong size = b64_size(cnt);
+            char *b64  = ALLOCA_N(char, size + 1);
+
+            to_base64((uchar *)s, cnt, b64);
+            dump_value(out, b64, size);
+        }
+#else
+        dump_str_value(out, s, cnt, xml_element_chars);
+#endif
+        e.indent = -1;
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+        break;
+    }
+    case T_BIGNUM: {
+        volatile VALUE rs = rb_big2str(obj, 10);
+
+        e.type = BignumCode;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        dump_value(out, StringValuePtr(rs), RSTRING_LEN(rs));
+        e.indent = -1;
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+        break;
+    }
+    case T_COMPLEX: e.type = ComplexCode; out->w_start(out, &e);
+#ifdef RCOMPLEX
+        dump_obj(0, RCOMPLEX(obj)->real, depth + 1, out);
+        dump_obj(0, RCOMPLEX(obj)->imag, depth + 1, out);
+#else
+        dump_obj(0, rb_funcall2(obj, rb_intern("real"), 0, 0), depth + 1, out);
+        dump_obj(0, rb_funcall2(obj, rb_intern("imag"), 0, 0), depth + 1, out);
+#endif
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+        break;
+    case T_RATIONAL: e.type = RationalCode; out->w_start(out, &e);
+#ifdef RRATIONAL
+        dump_obj(0, RRATIONAL(obj)->num, depth + 1, out);
+        dump_obj(0, RRATIONAL(obj)->den, depth + 1, out);
+#else
+        dump_obj(0, rb_funcall2(obj, rb_intern("numerator"), 0, 0), depth + 1, out);
+        dump_obj(0, rb_funcall2(obj, rb_intern("denominator"), 0, 0), depth + 1, out);
+#endif
+        out->w_end(out, &e);
+        break;
+    case T_CLASS: {
+        e.type     = ClassCode;
+        e.clas.str = rb_class2name(obj);
+        e.clas.len = strlen(e.clas.str);
+        e.closed   = 1;
+        out->w_start(out, &e);
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        if (StrictEffort == out->opts->effort) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "Failed to dump %s Object (%02x)\n", rb_obj_classname(obj), rb_type(obj));
+        } else {
+            e.type   = NilClassCode;
+            e.closed = 1;
+            out->w_start(out, &e);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    out->obj = prev_obj;
+}
+
+static int dump_var(ID key, VALUE value, VALUE ov) {
+    Out out = (Out)ov;
+
+    if (T_DATA == rb_type(value) && key == ox_mesg_id) {
+        /* There is a secret recipe that keeps Exception mesg attributes as a
+         * T_DATA until it is needed. The safe way around this hack is to call
+         * the message() method and use the returned string as the
+         * message. Not pretty but it solves the most common use of this
+         * hack. If there are others they will have to be handled one at a
+         * time.
+         */
+        value = rb_funcall(out->obj, ox_message_id, 0);
+    }
+    dump_obj(key, value, out->depth, out);
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static int dump_hash(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ov) {
+    Out out = (Out)ov;
+
+    dump_obj(0, key, out->depth, out);
+    dump_obj(0, value, out->depth, out);
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void dump_gen_doc(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out) {
+    volatile VALUE attrs = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_attributes_id);
+    volatile VALUE nodes = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_nodes_id);
+
+    if ('\0' == *out->opts->encoding && Qnil != attrs) {
+        volatile VALUE renc = rb_hash_lookup(attrs, ox_encoding_sym);
+
+        if (Qnil != renc) {
+            const char *enc = StringValuePtr(renc);
+
+            strncpy(out->opts->encoding, enc, sizeof(out->opts->encoding) - 1);
+        }
+    }
+    if (Yes == out->opts->with_xml) {
+        if (0 < out->opts->margin_len) {
+            dump_value(out, out->opts->margin, out->opts->margin_len);
+        }
+        dump_value(out, "<?xml", 5);
+        if (Qnil != attrs) {
+            rb_hash_foreach(attrs, dump_gen_attr, (VALUE)out);
+        }
+        dump_value(out, "?>", 2);
+    }
+    if (Yes == out->opts->with_instruct) {
+        if (out->buf < out->cur) {
+            dump_value(out, "\n", 1);
+        }
+        if (0 < out->opts->margin_len) {
+            dump_value(out, out->opts->margin, out->opts->margin_len);
+        }
+        dump_value(out, "<?ox version=\"1.0\" mode=\"generic\"?>", 35);
+    }
+    if (Qnil != nodes) {
+        dump_gen_nodes(nodes, depth, out);
+    }
+}
+
+static void dump_gen_element(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out) {
+    volatile VALUE rname = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_at_value_id);
+    volatile VALUE attrs = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_attributes_id);
+    volatile VALUE nodes = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_nodes_id);
+    const char    *name  = StringValuePtr(rname);
+    long           nlen  = RSTRING_LEN(rname);
+    size_t         size;
+    int            indent;
+
+    if (0 > out->indent) {
+        indent = -1;
+    } else if (0 == out->indent) {
+        indent = 0;
+    } else {
+        indent = depth * out->indent;
+    }
+    size = indent + 4 + nlen + out->opts->margin_len;
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    if (0 == depth && 0 < out->opts->margin_len && 0 < out->indent) {
+        memcpy(out->cur, out->opts->margin, out->opts->margin_len);
+        out->cur += out->opts->margin_len;
+    }
+    fill_indent(out, indent);
+    *out->cur++ = '<';
+    fill_value(out, name, nlen);
+    if (Qnil != attrs) {
+        rb_hash_foreach(attrs, dump_gen_attr, (VALUE)out);
+    }
+    if (Qnil != nodes && 0 < RARRAY_LEN(nodes)) {
+        int do_indent;
+
+        *out->cur++ = '>';
+        do_indent   = dump_gen_nodes(nodes, depth, out);
+        if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+            grow(out, size);
+        }
+        if (do_indent) {
+            fill_indent(out, indent);
+        }
+        *out->cur++ = '<';
+        *out->cur++ = '/';
+        fill_value(out, name, nlen);
+    } else if (out->opts->no_empty) {
+        *out->cur++ = '>';
+        *out->cur++ = '<';
+        *out->cur++ = '/';
+        fill_value(out, name, nlen);
+    } else {
+        *out->cur++ = '/';
+    }
+    *out->cur++ = '>';
+    *out->cur   = '\0';
+}
+
+static void dump_gen_instruct(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out) {
+    volatile VALUE rname    = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_at_value_id);
+    volatile VALUE attrs    = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_attributes_id);
+    volatile VALUE rcontent = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_at_content_id);
+    const char    *name     = StringValuePtr(rname);
+    const char    *content  = 0;
+    long           nlen     = RSTRING_LEN(rname);
+    long           clen     = 0;
+    size_t         size;
+
+    if (T_STRING == rb_type(rcontent)) {
+        content = StringValuePtr(rcontent);
+        clen    = RSTRING_LEN(rcontent);
+        size    = 4 + nlen + clen;
+    } else {
+        size = 4 + nlen;
+    }
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    *out->cur++ = '<';
+    *out->cur++ = '?';
+    fill_value(out, name, nlen);
+    if (0 != content) {
+        if (' ' != *content) {
+            dump_value(out, " ", 1);
+        }
+        fill_value(out, content, clen);
+    } else if (Qnil != attrs) {
+        rb_hash_foreach(attrs, dump_gen_attr, (VALUE)out);
+    }
+    *out->cur++ = '?';
+    *out->cur++ = '>';
+    *out->cur   = '\0';
+}
+
+static int dump_gen_nodes(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out) {
+    long cnt           = RARRAY_LEN(obj);
+    int  indent_needed = 1;
+
+    if (0 < cnt) {
+        const VALUE *np = RARRAY_PTR(obj);
+        VALUE        clas;
+        int          d2 = depth + 1;
+
+        if (MAX_DEPTH < depth) {
+            rb_raise(rb_eSysStackError, "maximum depth exceeded");
+        }
+        for (; 0 < cnt; cnt--, np++) {
+            clas = rb_obj_class(*np);
+            if (ox_element_clas == clas) {
+                dump_gen_element(*np, d2, out);
+            } else if (ox_instruct_clas == clas) {
+                dump_gen_instruct(*np, d2, out);
+                indent_needed = (1 == cnt) ? 0 : 1;
+            } else if (rb_cString == clas) {
+                dump_str_value(out, StringValuePtr(*(VALUE *)np), RSTRING_LEN(*np), xml_element_chars);
+                indent_needed = (1 == cnt) ? 0 : 1;
+            } else if (ox_comment_clas == clas) {
+                dump_gen_val_node(*np, d2, "<!--", 4, "-->", 3, out);
+            } else if (ox_raw_clas == clas) {
+                dump_gen_val_node(*np, d2, "", 0, "", 0, out);
+            } else if (ox_cdata_clas == clas) {
+                dump_gen_val_node(*np, d2, "<![CDATA[", 9, "]]>", 3, out);
+            } else if (ox_doctype_clas == clas) {
+                dump_gen_val_node(*np, d2, "<!DOCTYPE ", 10, ">", 1, out);
+            } else {
+                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Unexpected class, %s, while dumping generic XML\n", rb_class2name(clas));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return indent_needed;
+}
+
+static int dump_gen_attr(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ov) {
+    Out out = (Out)ov;
+
+    const char *ks;
+    size_t      klen;
+    size_t      size;
+
+    switch (rb_type(key)) {
+    case T_SYMBOL: ks = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(key)); break;
+    case T_STRING: ks = StringValuePtr(key); break;
+    default:
+        key = rb_String(key);
+        ks  = StringValuePtr(key);
+        break;
+    }
+    klen  = strlen(ks);
+    value = rb_String(value);
+    size  = 4 + klen + RSTRING_LEN(value);
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    *out->cur++ = ' ';
+    fill_value(out, ks, klen);
+    *out->cur++ = '=';
+    *out->cur++ = '"';
+    dump_str_value(out, StringValuePtr(value), RSTRING_LEN(value), xml_quote_chars);
+    *out->cur++ = '"';
+
+    return ST_CONTINUE;
+}
+
+static void
+dump_gen_val_node(VALUE obj, int depth, const char *pre, size_t plen, const char *suf, size_t slen, Out out) {
+    volatile VALUE v = rb_attr_get(obj, ox_at_value_id);
+    const char    *val;
+    size_t         vlen;
+    size_t         size;
+    int            indent;
+
+    if (T_STRING != rb_type(v)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    val  = StringValuePtr(v);
+    vlen = RSTRING_LEN(v);
+    if (0 > out->indent) {
+        indent = -1;
+    } else if (0 == out->indent) {
+        indent = 0;
+    } else {
+        indent = depth * out->indent;
+    }
+    size = indent + plen + slen + vlen + out->opts->margin_len;
+    if (out->end - out->cur <= (long)size) {
+        grow(out, size);
+    }
+    fill_indent(out, indent);
+    fill_value(out, pre, plen);
+    fill_value(out, val, vlen);
+    fill_value(out, suf, slen);
+    *out->cur = '\0';
+}
+
+static void dump_obj_to_xml(VALUE obj, Options copts, Out out) {
+    VALUE clas = rb_obj_class(obj);
+
+    out->w_time     = (Yes == copts->xsd_date) ? dump_time_xsd : dump_time_thin;
+    out->buf        = ALLOC_N(char, 65336);
+    out->end        = out->buf + 65325; /* 10 less than end plus extra for possible errors */
+    out->cur        = out->buf;
+    out->circ_cache = 0;
+    out->circ_cnt   = 0;
+    out->opts       = copts;
+    out->obj        = obj;
+    *out->cur       = '\0';
+    if (Yes == copts->circular) {
+        ox_cache8_new(&out->circ_cache);
+    }
+    out->indent = copts->indent;
+
+    if (ox_document_clas == clas) {
+        dump_gen_doc(obj, -1, out);
+    } else if (ox_element_clas == clas) {
+        dump_gen_element(obj, 0, out);
+    } else if (ox_cdata_clas == clas) {
+        dump_gen_val_node(obj, 0, "<![CDATA[", 9, "]]>", 3, out);
+    } else if (ox_instruct_clas == clas) {
+        dump_gen_instruct(obj, 0, out);
+    } else if (ox_comment_clas == clas) {
+        dump_gen_val_node(obj, 0, "<!--", 4, "-->", 3, out);
+    } else if (ox_doctype_clas == clas) {
+        dump_gen_val_node(obj, 0, "<!DOCTYPE ", 10, ">", 1, out);
+    } else {
+        out->w_start = dump_start;
+        out->w_end   = dump_end;
+        dump_first_obj(obj, out);
+    }
+    if (0 <= out->indent) {
+        dump_value(out, "\n", 1);
+    }
+    if (Yes == copts->circular) {
+        ox_cache8_delete(out->circ_cache);
+    }
+}
+
+char *ox_write_obj_to_str(VALUE obj, Options copts) {
+    struct _out out;
+
+    dump_obj_to_xml(obj, copts, &out);
+    return out.buf;
+}
+
+void ox_write_obj_to_file(VALUE obj, const char *path, Options copts) {
+    struct _out out;
+    size_t      size;
+    FILE       *f;
+
+    dump_obj_to_xml(obj, copts, &out);
+    size = out.cur - out.buf;
+    if (0 == (f = fopen(path, "w"))) {
+        rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "%s\n", strerror(errno));
+    }
+    if (size != fwrite(out.buf, 1, size, f)) {
+        int err = ferror(f);
+        rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "Write failed. [%d:%s]\n", err, strerror(err));
+    }
+    xfree(out.buf);
+    fclose(f);
+}