origamindee 3.0.0

data/lib/origami/encryption.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1084 @@
+=begin
+
+    This file is part of Origami, PDF manipulation framework for Ruby
+    Copyright (C) 2016	Guillaume Delugré.
+
+    Origami is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    Origami is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with Origami.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+=end
+
+require 'openssl'
+require 'securerandom'
+require 'digest/md5'
+require 'digest/sha2'
+
+module Origami
+
+    class EncryptionError < Error #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    class EncryptionInvalidPasswordError < EncryptionError #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    class EncryptionNotSupportedError < EncryptionError #:nodoc:
+    end
+
+    class PDF
+
+        #
+        # Returns whether the PDF file is encrypted.
+        #
+        def encrypted?
+            trailer_key? :Encrypt
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Decrypts the current document.
+        # _passwd_:: The password to decrypt the document.
+        #
+        def decrypt(passwd = "")
+            raise EncryptionError, "PDF is not encrypted" unless self.encrypted?
+
+            # Turn the encryption dictionary into a standard encryption dictionary.
+            handler = trailer_key(:Encrypt)
+            handler = self.cast_object(handler.reference, Encryption::Standard::Dictionary)
+
+            unless handler.Filter == :Standard
+                raise EncryptionNotSupportedError, "Unknown security handler : '#{handler.Filter}'"
+            end
+
+            doc_id = trailer_key(:ID)
+            unless doc_id.is_a?(Array)
+                raise EncryptionError, "Document ID was not found or is invalid" unless handler.V.to_i == 5
+            else
+                doc_id = doc_id.first
+            end
+
+            encryption_key = handler.derive_encryption_key(passwd, doc_id)
+
+            self.extend(Encryption::EncryptedDocument)
+            self.encryption_handler = handler
+            self.encryption_key = encryption_key
+
+            decrypt_objects
+
+            self
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Encrypts the current document with the provided passwords.
+        # The document will be encrypted at writing-on-disk time.
+        # _userpasswd_:: The user password.
+        # _ownerpasswd_:: The owner password.
+        # _options_:: A set of options to configure encryption.
+        #
+        def encrypt(options = {})
+            raise EncryptionError, "PDF is already encrypted" if self.encrypted?
+
+            #
+            # Default encryption options.
+            #
+            params = {
+                :user_passwd => '',
+                :owner_passwd => '',
+                :cipher => 'aes',            # :RC4 or :AES
+                :key_size => 256,            # Key size in bits
+                :hardened => false,          # Use newer password validation (since Reader X)
+                :encrypt_metadata => true,   # Metadata shall be encrypted?
+                :permissions => Encryption::Standard::Permissions::ALL    # Document permissions
+            }.update(options)
+
+            # Get the cryptographic parameters.
+            version, revision = crypto_revision_from_options(params)
+
+            # Create the security handler.
+            handler, encryption_key = create_security_handler(version, revision, params)
+
+            # Turn this document into an EncryptedDocument instance.
+            self.extend(Encryption::EncryptedDocument)
+            self.encryption_handler = handler
+            self.encryption_key = encryption_key
+
+            self
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        #
+        # Installs the standard security dictionary, marking the document as being encrypted.
+        # Returns the handler and the encryption key used for protecting contents.
+        #
+        def create_security_handler(version, revision, params)
+
+            # Ensure the document has an ID.
+            doc_id = (trailer_key(:ID) || generate_id).first
+
+            # Create the standard encryption dictionary.
+            handler = Encryption::Standard::Dictionary.new
+            handler.Filter = :Standard
+            handler.V = version
+            handler.R = revision
+            handler.Length = params[:key_size]
+            handler.P = -1 # params[:Permissions]
+
+            # Build the crypt filter dictionary.
+            if revision >= 4
+                handler.EncryptMetadata = params[:encrypt_metadata]
+                handler.CF = Dictionary.new
+                crypt_filter = Encryption::CryptFilterDictionary.new
+                crypt_filter.AuthEvent = :DocOpen
+
+                if revision == 4
+                    crypt_filter.CFM = :AESV2
+                else
+                    crypt_filter.CFM = :AESV3
+                end
+
+                crypt_filter.Length = params[:key_size] >> 3
+
+                handler.CF[:StdCF] = crypt_filter
+                handler.StmF = handler.StrF = :StdCF
+            end
+
+            user_passwd, owner_passwd = params[:user_passwd], params[:owner_passwd]
+
+            # Setup keys.
+            handler.set_passwords(owner_passwd, user_passwd, doc_id)
+            encryption_key = handler.compute_user_encryption_key(user_passwd, doc_id)
+
+            # Install the encryption dictionary to the document.
+            self.trailer.Encrypt = self << handler
+
+            [ handler, encryption_key ]
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Converts the parameters passed to PDF#encrypt.
+        # Returns [ version, revision, crypt_filters ]
+        #
+        def crypto_revision_from_options(params)
+            case params[:cipher].upcase
+            when 'RC4'
+                crypto_revision_from_rc4_key(params[:key_size])
+            when 'AES'
+                crypto_revision_from_aes_key(params[:key_size], params[:hardened])
+            else
+                raise EncryptionNotSupportedError, "Cipher not supported : #{params[:cipher]}"
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Compute the required standard security handler version based on the RC4 key size.
+        # _key_size_:: Key size in bits.
+        # Returns [ version, revision ].
+        #
+        def crypto_revision_from_rc4_key(key_size)
+            raise EncryptionError, "Invalid RC4 key length" unless key_size.between?(40, 128) and key_size % 8 == 0
+
+            if key_size > 40
+                version = 2
+                revision = 3
+            else
+                version = 1
+                revision = 2
+            end
+
+            [ version, revision ]
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Compute the required standard security handler version based on the AES key size.
+        # _key_size_:: Key size in bits.
+        # _hardened_:: Use the extension level 8 hardened derivation algorithm.
+        # Returns [ version, revision ].
+        #
+        def crypto_revision_from_aes_key(key_size, hardened)
+            if key_size == 128
+                version = revision = 4
+            elsif key_size == 256
+                version = 5
+                if hardened
+                    revision = 6
+                else
+                    revision = 5
+                end
+            else
+                raise EncryptionError, "Invalid AES key length (Only 128 and 256 bits keys are supported)"
+            end
+
+            [ version, revision ]
+        end
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Module to provide support for encrypting and decrypting PDF documents.
+    #
+    module Encryption
+
+        #
+        # Generates _n_ random bytes from a fast PRNG.
+        #
+        def self.rand_bytes(n)
+            Random.new.bytes(n)
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Generates _n_ random bytes from a crypto PRNG.
+        #
+        def self.strong_rand_bytes(n)
+            SecureRandom.random_bytes(n)
+        end
+
+        module EncryptedDocument
+            attr_accessor :encryption_key
+            attr_accessor :encryption_handler
+
+            # Get the encryption cipher from the crypt filter name.
+            def encryption_cipher(name)
+                @encryption_handler.encryption_cipher(name)
+            end
+
+            # Get the default string encryption cipher.
+            def string_encryption_cipher
+                @encryption_handler.string_encryption_cipher
+            end
+
+            # Get the default stream encryption cipher.
+            def stream_encryption_cipher
+                @encryption_handler.stream_encryption_cipher
+            end
+
+            private
+
+            #
+            # For each object subject to encryption, convert it to an EncryptedObject and decrypt it if necessary.
+            #
+            def decrypt_objects
+                each_encryptable_object do |object|
+                    case object
+                    when String
+                        object.extend(EncryptedString) unless object.is_a?(EncryptedString)
+                        object.decrypt!
+
+                    when Stream
+                        object.extend(EncryptedStream) unless object.is_a?(EncryptedStream)
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+
+            #
+            # For each object subject to encryption, convert it to an EncryptedObject and mark it as not encrypted yet.
+            #
+            def encrypt_objects
+                each_encryptable_object do |object|
+                    case object
+                    when String
+                        unless object.is_a?(EncryptedString)
+                            object.extend(EncryptedString)
+                            object.decrypted = true
+                        end
+
+                    when Stream
+                        unless object.is_a?(EncryptedStream)
+                            object.extend(EncryptedStream)
+                            object.decrypted = true
+                        end
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Iterates over each encryptable objects in the document.
+            #
+            def each_encryptable_object(&b)
+
+                # Metadata may not be encrypted depending on the security handler configuration.
+                encrypt_metadata = (@encryption_handler.EncryptMetadata != false)
+                metadata = self.Catalog.Metadata
+
+                self.each_object(recursive: true)
+                    .lazy
+                    .select { |object|
+                        case object
+                        when Stream
+                            not object.is_a?(XRefStream) or (encrypt_metadata and object.equal?(metadata))
+                        when String
+                            not object.parent.equal?(@encryption_handler)
+                        end
+                    }
+                    .each(&b)
+            end
+
+            def physicalize(options = {})
+                encrypt_objects
+
+                super
+
+                # remove encrypt dictionary if requested
+                if options[:decrypt]
+                    delete_object(self.trailer[:Encrypt])
+                    self.trailer[:Encrypt] = nil
+                end
+
+                self
+            end
+
+            def build_object(object, revision, options)
+                if object.is_a?(EncryptedObject) and options[:decrypt]
+                    object.pre_build
+                    object.decrypt!
+                    object.decrypted = false # makes it believe no encryption pass is required
+                    object.post_build
+
+                    return
+                end
+
+                super
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Module for encrypted PDF objects.
+        #
+        module EncryptedObject #:nodoc
+            attr_accessor :decrypted
+
+            def post_build
+                encrypt!
+
+                super
+            end
+
+            private
+
+            def compute_object_key(cipher)
+                doc = self.document
+                raise EncryptionError, "Document is not encrypted" unless doc.is_a?(EncryptedDocument)
+
+                encryption_key = doc.encryption_key
+
+                if doc.encryption_handler.V < 5
+                    parent = self.indirect_parent
+                    no, gen = parent.no, parent.generation
+                    k = encryption_key + [no].pack("I")[0..2] + [gen].pack("I")[0..1]
+
+                    key_len = [k.length, 16].min
+                    k << "sAlT" if cipher == Encryption::AES
+
+                    Digest::MD5.digest(k)[0, key_len]
+                else
+                    encryption_key
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Module for encrypted String.
+        #
+        module EncryptedString
+            include EncryptedObject
+
+            def self.extended(obj)
+                obj.decrypted = false
+            end
+
+            def encrypt!
+                return self unless @decrypted
+
+                cipher = self.document.string_encryption_cipher
+                raise EncryptionError, "Cannot find string encryption filter" if cipher.nil?
+
+                key = compute_object_key(cipher)
+
+                encrypted_data =
+                    if cipher == RC4 or cipher == Identity
+                        cipher.encrypt(key, self.value)
+                    else
+                        iv = Encryption.rand_bytes(AES::BLOCKSIZE)
+                        cipher.encrypt(key, iv, self.value)
+                    end
+
+                @decrypted = false
+
+                self.replace(encrypted_data)
+                self.freeze
+
+                self
+            end
+
+            def decrypt!
+                return self if @decrypted
+
+                cipher = self.document.string_encryption_cipher
+                raise EncryptionError, "Cannot find string encryption filter" if cipher.nil?
+
+                key = compute_object_key(cipher)
+
+                self.replace(cipher.decrypt(key, self.to_str))
+                @decrypted = true
+
+                self
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Module for encrypted Stream.
+        #
+        module EncryptedStream
+            include EncryptedObject
+
+            def self.extended(obj)
+                obj.decrypted = false
+            end
+
+            def encrypt!
+                return self unless @decrypted
+
+                encode!
+
+                cipher = get_encryption_cipher
+                key = compute_object_key(cipher)
+
+                @encoded_data =
+                    if cipher == RC4 or cipher == Identity
+                        cipher.encrypt(key, self.encoded_data)
+                    else
+                        iv = Encryption.rand_bytes(AES::BLOCKSIZE)
+                        cipher.encrypt(key, iv, @encoded_data)
+                    end
+
+                @decrypted = false
+
+                @encoded_data.freeze
+                self.freeze
+
+                self
+            end
+
+            def decrypt!
+                return self if @decrypted
+
+                cipher = get_encryption_cipher
+                key = compute_object_key(cipher)
+
+                self.encoded_data = cipher.decrypt(key, @encoded_data)
+                @decrypted = true
+
+                self
+            end
+
+            private
+
+            #
+            # Get the stream encryption cipher.
+            # The cipher used may depend on the presence of a Crypt filter.
+            #
+            def get_encryption_cipher
+                if self.filters.first == :Crypt
+                    params = decode_params.first
+
+                    if params.is_a?(Dictionary) and params.Name.is_a?(Name)
+                        crypt_filter = params.Name.value
+                    else
+                        crypt_filter = :Identity
+                    end
+
+                    cipher = self.document.encryption_cipher(crypt_filter)
+                else
+                    cipher = self.document.stream_encryption_cipher
+                end
+
+                raise EncryptionError, "Cannot find stream encryption filter" if cipher.nil?
+
+                cipher
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Identity transformation.
+        #
+        module Identity
+            def Identity.encrypt(_key, data)
+                data
+            end
+
+            def Identity.decrypt(_key, data)
+                data
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Class wrapper for the RC4 algorithm.
+        #
+        class RC4
+
+            #
+            # Encrypts data using the given key
+            #
+            def RC4.encrypt(key, data)
+                RC4.new(key).encrypt(data)
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Decrypts data using the given key
+            #
+            def RC4.decrypt(key, data)
+                RC4.new(key).decrypt(data)
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Creates and initialises a new RC4 generator using given key
+            #
+            def initialize(key)
+                @key = key
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Encrypt/decrypt data with the RC4 encryption algorithm
+            #
+            def cipher(data)
+                return '' if data.empty?
+
+                rc4 = OpenSSL::Cipher::RC4.new.encrypt
+                rc4.key_len = @key.length
+                rc4.key = @key
+
+                rc4.update(data) + rc4.final
+            end
+
+            alias encrypt cipher
+            alias decrypt cipher
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Class wrapper for AES mode CBC.
+        #
+        class AES
+            BLOCKSIZE = 16
+
+            attr_writer :iv
+
+            def AES.encrypt(key, iv, data)
+                AES.new(key, iv).encrypt(data)
+            end
+
+            def AES.decrypt(key, data)
+                AES.new(key, nil).decrypt(data)
+            end
+
+            def initialize(key, iv, use_padding = true)
+                unless [16, 24, 32].include?(key.size)
+                    raise EncryptionError, "Key must have a length of 128, 192 or 256 bits."
+                end
+
+                if not iv.nil? and iv.size != BLOCKSIZE
+                    raise EncryptionError, "Initialization vector must have a length of #{BLOCKSIZE} bytes."
+                end
+
+                @key = key
+                @iv = iv
+                @use_padding = use_padding
+            end
+
+            def encrypt(data)
+                if @iv.nil?
+                    raise EncryptionError, "No initialization vector has been set."
+                end
+
+                if @use_padding
+                    padlen = BLOCKSIZE - (data.size % BLOCKSIZE)
+                    data << (padlen.chr * padlen)
+                end
+
+                aes = OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-#{@key.length << 3}-cbc").encrypt
+                aes.iv = @iv
+                aes.key = @key
+                aes.padding = 0
+
+                @iv + aes.update(data) + aes.final
+            end
+
+            def decrypt(data)
+                unless data.size % BLOCKSIZE == 0
+                    raise EncryptionError, "Data must be 16-bytes padded (data size = #{data.size} bytes)"
+                end
+
+                @iv = data.slice!(0, BLOCKSIZE)
+
+                aes = OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-#{@key.length << 3}-cbc").decrypt
+                aes.iv = @iv
+                aes.key = @key
+                aes.padding = 0
+
+                plain = (aes.update(data) + aes.final).unpack("C*")
+
+                if @use_padding
+                    padlen = plain[-1]
+                    unless padlen.between?(1, 16)
+                        raise EncryptionError, "Incorrect padding length : #{padlen}"
+                    end
+
+                    padlen.times do
+                        pad = plain.pop
+                        raise EncryptionError, "Incorrect padding byte : 0x#{pad.to_s 16}" if pad != padlen
+                    end
+                end
+
+                plain.pack("C*")
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Class representing a crypt filter Dictionary
+        #
+        class CryptFilterDictionary < Dictionary
+            include StandardObject
+
+            field   :Type,          :Type => Name, :Default => :CryptFilter
+            field   :CFM,           :Type => Name, :Default => :None
+            field   :AuthEvent,     :Type => Name, :Default => :DocOpen
+            field   :Length,        :Type => Integer
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Common class for encryption dictionaries.
+        #
+        class EncryptionDictionary < Dictionary
+            include StandardObject
+
+            field   :Filter,        :Type => Name, :Default => :Standard, :Required => true
+            field   :SubFilter,     :Type => Name, :Version => "1.3"
+            field   :V,             :Type => Integer, :Default => 0
+            field   :Length,        :Type => Integer, :Default => 40, :Version => "1.4"
+            field   :CF,            :Type => Dictionary, :Version => "1.5"
+            field   :StmF,          :Type => Name, :Default => :Identity, :Version => "1.5"
+            field   :StrF,          :Type => Name, :Default => :Identity, :Version => "1.5"
+            field   :EFF,           :Type => Name, :Version => "1.6"
+
+            #
+            # Returns the default string encryption cipher.
+            #
+            def string_encryption_cipher
+                encryption_cipher(self.StrF || :Identity)
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Returns the default stream encryption cipher.
+            #
+            def stream_encryption_cipher
+                encryption_cipher(self.StmF || :Identity)
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Returns the encryption cipher corresponding to a crypt filter name.
+            #
+            def encryption_cipher(name)
+                case self.V.to_i
+                when 1, 2
+                    Encryption::RC4
+                when 4, 5
+                    return Encryption::Identity if name == :Identity
+
+                    select_cipher_by_name(name)
+                else
+                    raise EncryptionNotSupportedError, "Unsupported encryption version: #{handler.V}"
+                end
+            end
+
+            private
+
+            #
+            # Returns the cipher associated with a crypt filter name.
+            #
+            def select_cipher_by_name(name)
+                raise EncryptionError, "Broken CF entry" unless self.CF.is_a?(Dictionary)
+
+                self.CF.select { |key, dict| key == name and dict.is_a?(Dictionary) }
+                       .map { |_, dict| cipher_from_crypt_filter_method(dict[:CFM] || :None) }
+                       .first
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Converts a crypt filter method identifier to its cipher class.
+            #
+            def cipher_from_crypt_filter_method(name)
+                case name.to_sym
+                when :None then Encryption::Identity
+                when :V2 then Encryption::RC4
+                when :AESV2 then Encryption::AES
+                when :AESV3
+                    raise EncryptionNotSupportedError, "AESV3 requires a version 5 handler" if self.V.to_i != 5
+                    Encryption::AES
+                else
+                     raise EncryptionNotSupportedError, "Unsupported crypt filter method: #{name}"
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # The standard security handler for PDF encryption.
+        #
+        module Standard
+            PADDING = "\x28\xBF\x4E\x5E\x4E\x75\x8A\x41\x64\x00\x4E\x56\xFF\xFA\x01\x08\x2E\x2E\x00\xB6\xD0\x68\x3E\x80\x2F\x0C\xA9\xFE\x64\x53\x69\x7A".b #:nodoc:
+
+            #
+            # Permission constants for encrypted documents.
+            #
+            module Permissions
+                RESERVED = 1 << 6 | 1 << 7 | 0xFFFFF000
+                PRINT = 1 << 2 | RESERVED
+                MODIFY_CONTENTS = 1 << 3 | RESERVED
+                COPY_CONTENTS = 1 << 4 | RESERVED
+                MODIFY_ANNOTATIONS = 1 << 5 | RESERVED
+                FILLIN_FORMS = 1 << 8 | RESERVED
+                EXTRACT_CONTENTS = 1 << 9 | RESERVED
+                ASSEMBLE_DOC = 1 << 10 | RESERVED
+                HIGH_QUALITY_PRINT = 1 << 11 | RESERVED
+
+                ALL = PRINT | MODIFY_CONTENTS | COPY_CONTENTS |
+                      MODIFY_ANNOTATIONS | FILLIN_FORMS | EXTRACT_CONTENTS |
+                      ASSEMBLE_DOC | HIGH_QUALITY_PRINT
+            end
+
+            #
+            # Class defining a standard encryption dictionary.
+            #
+            class Dictionary < EncryptionDictionary
+
+                field   :R,             :Type => Number, :Required => true
+                field   :O,             :Type => String, :Required => true
+                field   :U,             :Type => String, :Required => true
+                field   :OE,            :Type => String, :Version => '1.7', :ExtensionLevel => 3
+                field   :UE,            :Type => String, :Version => '1.7', :ExtensionLevel => 3
+                field   :Perms,         :Type => String, :Version => '1.7', :ExtensionLevel => 3
+                field   :P,             :Type => Integer, :Default => 0, :Required => true
+                field   :EncryptMetadata, :Type => Boolean, :Default => true, :Version => "1.5"
+
+                def version_required #:nodoc:
+                    if self.R > 5
+                        [ '1.7', 8 ]
+                    else
+                        super
+                    end
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Checks the given password and derives the document encryption key.
+                # Raises EncryptionInvalidPasswordError on invalid password.
+                #
+                def derive_encryption_key(passwd, doc_id)
+                    if is_user_password?(passwd, doc_id)
+                        compute_user_encryption_key(passwd, doc_id)
+                    elsif is_owner_password?(passwd, doc_id)
+                        if self.V.to_i < 5
+                            user_passwd = retrieve_user_password(passwd)
+                            compute_user_encryption_key(user_passwd, doc_id)
+                        else
+                            compute_owner_encryption_key(passwd)
+                        end
+                    else
+                        raise EncryptionInvalidPasswordError
+                    end
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Computes the key that will be used to encrypt/decrypt the document contents with user password.
+                # Called at all revisions.
+                #
+                def compute_user_encryption_key(user_password, file_id)
+                    return compute_legacy_user_encryption_key(user_password, file_id) if self.R < 5
+
+                    passwd = password_to_utf8(user_password)
+
+                    uks = self.U[40, 8]
+
+                    if self.R == 5
+                        ukey = Digest::SHA256.digest(passwd + uks)
+                    else
+                        ukey = compute_hardened_hash(passwd, uks)
+                    end
+
+                    iv = ::Array.new(AES::BLOCKSIZE, 0).pack("C*")
+                    AES.new(ukey, nil, false).decrypt(iv + self.UE.value)
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Computes the key that will be used to encrypt/decrypt the document contents.
+                # Only for Revision 4 and less.
+                #
+                def compute_legacy_user_encryption_key(user_password, file_id)
+                    padded = pad_password(user_password)
+                    padded.force_encoding('binary')
+
+                    padded << self.O
+                    padded << [ self.P ].pack("i")
+
+                    padded << file_id
+
+                    encrypt_metadata = self.EncryptMetadata != false
+                    padded << [ -1 ].pack("i") if self.R >= 4 and not encrypt_metadata
+
+                    key = Digest::MD5.digest(padded)
+
+                    50.times { key = Digest::MD5.digest(key[0, self.Length / 8]) } if self.R >= 3
+
+                    truncate_key(key)
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Computes the key that will be used to encrypt/decrypt the document contents with owner password.
+                # Revision 5 and above.
+                #
+                def compute_owner_encryption_key(owner_password)
+                    return if self.R < 5
+
+                    passwd = password_to_utf8(owner_password)
+                    oks = self.O[40, 8]
+
+                    if self.R == 5
+                        okey = Digest::SHA256.digest(passwd + oks + self.U)
+                    else
+                        okey = compute_hardened_hash(passwd, oks, self.U)
+                    end
+
+                    iv = ::Array.new(AES::BLOCKSIZE, 0).pack("C*")
+                    AES.new(okey, nil, false).decrypt(iv + self.OE.value)
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Set up document passwords.
+                #
+                def set_passwords(owner_password, user_password, salt = nil)
+                    return set_legacy_passwords(owner_password, user_password, salt) if self.R < 5
+
+                    upass = password_to_utf8(user_password)
+                    opass = password_to_utf8(owner_password)
+
+                    uvs, uks, ovs, oks = ::Array.new(4) { Encryption.rand_bytes(8) }
+                    file_key = Encryption.strong_rand_bytes(32)
+                    iv = ::Array.new(AES::BLOCKSIZE, 0).pack("C*")
+
+                    if self.R == 5
+                        self.U = Digest::SHA256.digest(upass + uvs) + uvs + uks
+                        self.O = Digest::SHA256.digest(opass + ovs + self.U) + ovs + oks
+                        ukey = Digest::SHA256.digest(upass + uks)
+                        okey = Digest::SHA256.digest(opass + oks + self.U)
+                    else
+                        self.U = compute_hardened_hash(upass, uvs) + uvs + uks
+                        self.O = compute_hardened_hash(opass, ovs, self.U) + ovs + oks
+                        ukey = compute_hardened_hash(upass, uks)
+                        okey = compute_hardened_hash(opass, oks, self.U)
+                    end
+
+                    self.UE = AES.new(ukey, iv, false).encrypt(file_key)[iv.size, 32]
+                    self.OE = AES.new(okey, iv, false).encrypt(file_key)[iv.size, 32]
+
+                    perms =
+                        [ self.P ].pack("V") +                              # 0-3
+                        [ -1 ].pack("V") +                                  # 4-7
+                        (self.EncryptMetadata == true ? "T" : "F") +        # 8
+                        "adb" +                                             # 9-11
+                        [ 0 ].pack("V")                                     # 12-15
+
+                    self.Perms = AES.new(file_key, iv, false).encrypt(perms)[iv.size, 16]
+
+                    file_key
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Set up document passwords.
+                # Only for Revision 4 and less.
+                #
+                def set_legacy_passwords(owner_password, user_password, salt)
+                    owner_key = compute_owner_key(owner_password)
+                    upadded = pad_password(user_password)
+
+                    owner_key_hash = RC4.encrypt(owner_key, upadded)
+                    19.times { |i| owner_key_hash = RC4.encrypt(xor(owner_key, i + 1), owner_key_hash) } if self.R >= 3
+
+                    self.O = owner_key_hash
+                    self.U = compute_user_password_hash(user_password, salt)
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Checks user password.
+                # For version 2, 3 and 4, _salt_ is the document ID.
+                # For version 5 and 6, _salt_ is the User Key Salt.
+                #
+                def is_user_password?(pass, salt)
+
+                    if self.R == 2
+                        compute_user_password_hash(pass, salt) == self.U
+                    elsif self.R == 3 or self.R == 4
+                        compute_user_password_hash(pass, salt)[0, 16] == self.U[0, 16]
+                    elsif self.R == 5
+                        uvs = self.U[32, 8]
+                        Digest::SHA256.digest(password_to_utf8(pass) + uvs) == self.U[0, 32]
+                    elsif self.R == 6
+                        uvs = self.U[32, 8]
+                        compute_hardened_hash(password_to_utf8(pass), uvs) == self.U[0, 32]
+                    end
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Checks owner password.
+                # For version 2,3 and 4, _salt_ is the document ID.
+                # For version 5, _salt_ is (Owner Key Salt + U)
+                #
+                def is_owner_password?(pass, salt)
+
+                    if self.R < 5
+                        user_password = retrieve_user_password(pass)
+                        is_user_password?(user_password, salt)
+                    elsif self.R == 5
+                        ovs = self.O[32, 8]
+                        Digest::SHA256.digest(password_to_utf8(pass) + ovs + self.U) == self.O[0, 32]
+                    elsif self.R == 6
+                        ovs = self.O[32, 8]
+                        compute_hardened_hash(password_to_utf8(pass), ovs, self.U[0,48]) == self.O[0, 32]
+                    end
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Retrieve user password from owner password.
+                # Cannot be used with revision 5.
+                #
+                def retrieve_user_password(owner_password)
+
+                    key = compute_owner_key(owner_password)
+
+                    if self.R == 2
+                        RC4.decrypt(key, self.O)
+                    elsif self.R == 3 or self.R == 4
+                        user_password = RC4.decrypt(xor(key, 19), self.O)
+                        19.times { |i| user_password = RC4.decrypt(xor(key, 18-i), user_password) }
+
+                        user_password
+                    end
+                end
+
+                private
+
+                #
+                # Used to encrypt/decrypt the O field.
+                # Rev 2,3,4: O = crypt(user_pass, owner_key).
+                # Rev 5: unused.
+                #
+                def compute_owner_key(owner_password) #:nodoc:
+
+                    opadded = pad_password(owner_password)
+
+                    owner_key = Digest::MD5.digest(opadded)
+                    50.times { owner_key = Digest::MD5.digest(owner_key) } if self.R >= 3
+
+                    truncate_key(owner_key)
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Compute the value of the U field.
+                # Cannot be used with revision 5.
+                #
+                def compute_user_password_hash(user_password, salt) #:nodoc:
+
+                    if self.R == 2
+                        key = compute_user_encryption_key(user_password, salt)
+                        user_key = RC4.encrypt(key, PADDING)
+                    elsif self.R == 3 or self.R == 4
+                        key = compute_user_encryption_key(user_password, salt)
+
+                        upadded = PADDING + salt
+                        hash = Digest::MD5.digest(upadded)
+
+                        user_key = RC4.encrypt(key, hash)
+
+                        19.times { |i| user_key = RC4.encrypt(xor(key,i+1), user_key) }
+
+                        user_key.ljust(32, 0xFF.chr)
+                    end
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Computes hardened hash used in revision 6 (extension level 8).
+                #
+                def compute_hardened_hash(password, salt, vector = '')
+                    block_size = 32
+                    input = Digest::SHA256.digest(password + salt + vector) + "\x00" * 32
+                    key = input[0, 16]
+                    iv = input[16, 16]
+                    digest, aes, h, x = nil, nil, nil, nil
+
+                    i = 0
+                    while i < 64 or i < x[-1].ord + 32
+
+                        block = input[0, block_size]
+
+                        aes = OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-128-cbc").encrypt
+                        aes.iv = iv
+                        aes.key = key
+                        aes.padding = 0
+
+                        64.times do |j|
+                            x = ''
+                            x += aes.update(password) unless password.empty?
+                            x += aes.update(block)
+                            x += aes.update(vector) unless vector.empty?
+
+                            if j == 0
+                                block_size = 32 + (x.unpack("C16").inject(0) {|a,b| a+b} % 3) * 16
+                                digest = Digest::SHA2.new(block_size << 3)
+                            end
+
+                            digest.update(x)
+                        end
+
+                        h = digest.digest
+                        key = h[0, 16]
+                        input[0, block_size] = h[0, block_size]
+                        iv = h[16, 16]
+
+                        i = i + 1
+                    end
+
+                    h[0, 32]
+                end
+
+                #
+                # Some revision handlers require different key sizes.
+                # Revision 2 uses 40-bit keys.
+                # Revisions 3 and higher rely on the Length field for the key size.
+                #
+                def truncate_key(key)
+                    if self.R == 2
+                        key[0, 5]
+                    elsif self.R >= 3
+                        key[0, self.Length / 8]
+                    end
+                end
+
+                def xor(str, byte) #:nodoc:
+                    str.bytes.map!{|b| b ^ byte }.pack("C*")
+                end
+
+                def pad_password(password) #:nodoc:
+                    password[0, 32].ljust(32, PADDING)
+                end
+
+                def password_to_utf8(passwd) #:nodoc:
+                    LiteralString.new(passwd).to_utf8[0, 127]
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+end