openwferu 0.9.0

data/lib/ru/flowexpression.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, John Mettraux, OpenWFE.org
+# All rights reserved.
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+# . Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  
+# 
+# . Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+# . Neither the name of the "OpenWFE" nor the names of its contributors may be
+#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#   specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $Id: definitions.rb 2725 2006-06-02 13:26:32Z jmettraux $
+#
+
+#
+# "made in Japan"
+#
+# John Mettraux at openwfe.org
+#
+
+require 'ru/rudefinitions'
+require 'ru/contextual'
+require 'ru/dollar'
+require 'ru/logging'
+
+
+module OpenWFEru
+
+    #
+    # FlowExpression
+    #
+
+    class FlowExpression
+        include Contextual, Logging
+
+        attr_accessor \
+            :fei, \
+            :parent_id, \
+            :environment_id, \
+            :attributes, \
+            :children, \
+            :apply_time 
+
+        def initialize (fei, parent_id, env_id, app_context, attributes)
+
+            @fei = fei
+            @parent_id = parent_id
+            @environment_id = env_id
+            @application_context = app_context
+            @attributes = attributes
+
+            @apply_time = nil
+
+            #ldebug do
+            #    "initialize()\n"+
+            #    "self   : #{@fei}\n"+
+            #    "parent : #{@parent_id}"
+            #end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # the two most important methods for flow expressions
+
+        def apply (workitem)
+            get_parent().reply(workitem) if @parent_id
+        end
+
+        def reply (workitem)
+            #
+            # a default implementation
+            #
+            reply_to_parent(workitem)
+        end
+
+        def reply_to_parent (workitem)
+            get_expression_pool.reply_to_parent(self, workitem)
+        end
+
+        #
+        # some convenience methods
+
+        def get_parent ()
+            get_expression_pool().fetch(@parent_id)
+        end
+
+        def get_expression_pool ()
+            @application_context[S_EXPRESSION_POOL]
+        end
+
+        def get_expression_map ()
+            @application_context[S_EXPRESSION_MAP]
+        end
+
+        def store_itself ()
+            get_expression_pool().update(self)
+        end
+
+        def get_environment ()
+            return nil if not @environment_id
+            return get_expression_pool().fetch(@environment_id)
+        end
+
+        #
+        # Returns true if the expression's environment was generated
+        # for itself (usually DefineExpression do have such envs)
+        #
+        def owns_its_environment? ()
+
+            #ldebug { "owns_its_environment?()  #{@fei.to_debug_s}" }
+
+            return false if not @environment_id
+
+            ei = @fei.dup()
+            vi = @environment_id.dup()
+
+            ei.expressionName = "neutral"
+            vi.expressionName = "neutral"
+
+            #ldebug do
+            #    "owns_its_environment?()\n"+
+            #    "   exp  #{ei.to_debug_s}\n"+
+            #    "   env  #{vi.to_debug_s}"
+            #end
+
+            return ei == vi
+        end
+
+        def set_variable (varname, value)
+            get_environment()[varname] = value
+        end
+
+        def lookup_variable (varname)
+            return get_environment()[varname]
+        end
+
+        def delete_variable (varname)
+            get_environment().delete(varname)
+        end
+
+        def lookup_attribute (attname, workitem)
+            text = @attributes[attname]
+            return nil if not text
+            return OpenWFEru::dosub(text, self, workitem)
+        end
+
+        def lookup_boolean_attribute (attname, workitem, default=false)
+            value = lookup_attribute(attname, workitem)
+            return default if not value
+            return value.downcase == 'true'
+        end
+
+        def lookup_attributes (attributes, workitem)
+            result = {}
+            attributes.each do |k, v|
+                result[k] = OpenWFEru::dosub(v, self, workitem)
+            end
+            return result
+        end
+
+        def list_attributes (workitem)
+            result = {}
+            @attributes.each do |k, v|
+                result[k] = OpenWFEru::dosub(v, self, workitem)
+                ldebug { "list_attributes()    added '#{k}' -> '#{result[k]}'" }
+            end
+            return result
+        end
+
+        #
+        # creates a new environment just for this expression
+        #
+        def new_environment ()
+
+            ldebug { "new_environment() for #{@fei.to_debug_s}" }
+
+            @environment_id = @fei.dup
+            @environment_id.expressionName = EN_ENVIRONMENT
+
+            parent_fei = nil
+            parent = nil
+            parent = get_expression_pool().fetch(@parent_id) if @parent_id
+            parent_fei = parent.environment_id if parent
+
+            env = Environment\
+                .new(@environment_id, parent_fei, nil, @application_context, nil)
+
+            ldebug { "new_environment() is #{env.fei.to_debug_s}" }
+
+            env.store_itself()
+        end
+
+        #
+        # takes care of removing all the children
+        #
+        def clean_children
+            @children.each do |children_fei|
+                get_expression_pool.remove(children_fei)
+            end
+        end
+
+        #
+        # some eye candy
+        #
+        def to_s
+            s = "* #{@fei.to_debug_s}"
+
+            if @parent_id
+                s << "\n   `--p--> #{@parent_id.to_debug_s}"
+            end
+
+            if @environment_id
+                s << "\n   `--e--> #{@environment_id.to_debug_s}"
+            end
+
+            if @children
+                @children.each do |c|
+                    sc = if c.kind_of?(OpenWFE::FlowExpressionId)
+                        c.to_debug_s
+                    else
+                        ">#{c.to_s}<"
+                    end
+                    s << "\n   `--c--> #{sc}"
+                end
+            end
+
+            return s
+        end
+    end
+
+end
+

data/lib/ru/logging.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, John Mettraux, OpenWFE.org
+# All rights reserved.
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+# . Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  
+# 
+# . Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+# . Neither the name of the "OpenWFE" nor the names of its contributors may be
+#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#   specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $Id: definitions.rb 2725 2006-06-02 13:26:32Z jmettraux $
+#
+
+#
+# "made in Japan"
+#
+# John Mettraux at openwfe.org
+#
+
+require 'logger'
+require 'ru/rudefinitions'
+
+module OpenWFEru
+
+    module Logging
+
+        def init_default_logging (filename)
+            log = Logger.new(filename)
+            @application_context[S_LOGGER] = log
+        end
+
+        def ldebug (&block)
+            log = get_logger
+            log.debug(who(), &block) if log
+        end
+
+        def linfo (&block)
+            log = get_logger
+            log.info(who(), &block) if log
+        end
+
+        def lwarn (&block)
+            log = get_logger
+            log.warn(who(), &block) if log
+        end
+
+        private
+
+            def get_logger
+                return @application_context[S_LOGGER] if @application_context
+                return Logger.new(STDOUT)
+            end
+
+            def who
+                if respond_to?(:service_name)
+                    "#{self.class} '#{self.service_name}'"
+                else
+                    "#{self.class}"
+                end
+            end
+
+    end
+
+end
+

data/lib/ru/participant.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, John Mettraux, OpenWFE.org
+# All rights reserved.
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+# . Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  
+# 
+# . Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+# . Neither the name of the "OpenWFE" nor the names of its contributors may be
+#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#   specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $Id: definitions.rb 2725 2006-06-02 13:26:32Z jmettraux $
+#
+
+#
+# "made in Japan"
+#
+# John Mettraux at openwfe.org
+#
+
+require 'ru/contextual'
+
+
+module OpenWFEru
+
+    #
+    # The 'participant' concept is displayed as a module, so that 
+    # other pieces of code may easily 'mix it in'.
+    #
+    module Participant
+        include Contextual
+
+        #
+        # a participant will be receiving workitems via this method
+        #
+        def consume (workitem)
+        end
+
+        #
+        # when the workflow engine is cancelling a workflow branch, the
+        # already activated participants are notified via this method
+        #
+        def cancel (cancelitem)
+        end
+    end
+
+end
+

data/lib/ru/participantmap.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, John Mettraux, OpenWFE.org
+# All rights reserved.
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+# . Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  
+# 
+# . Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+# . Neither the name of the "OpenWFE" nor the names of its contributors may be
+#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#   specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $Id: definitions.rb 2725 2006-06-02 13:26:32Z jmettraux $
+#
+
+#
+# "made in Japan"
+#
+# John Mettraux at openwfe.org
+#
+
+require 'workitem'
+require 'ru/service'
+
+
+module OpenWFEru
+
+    class ParticipantMap < Service
+
+        attr_accessor \
+            :participants
+
+        def initialize (service_name, application_context)
+            super(service_name, application_context)
+
+            @participants = []
+        end
+
+        def register_participant (regex, participant)
+
+            regex = Regexp.new(regex) if not regex.kind_of? Regexp
+
+            participant.application_context = @application_context
+
+            @participants << [ regex, participant ]
+        end
+
+        def lookup_participant (participant_name)
+
+            @participants.each do |tuple|
+                return tuple[1] if tuple[0].match(participant_name)
+            end
+
+            return nil
+        end
+
+        def dispatch (participant_name, workitem)
+
+            participant = lookup_participant(participant_name)
+
+            raise "Didn't find participant named '#{participant_name}'" \
+                if not participant
+
+            workitem.participantName = participant_name
+
+            if workitem.kind_of? OpenWFE::CancelItem
+                participant.cancel(workitem)
+            else
+                participant.consume(workitem)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+end
+

data/lib/ru/participants.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, John Mettraux, OpenWFE.org
+# All rights reserved.
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+# . Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  
+# 
+# . Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+# . Neither the name of the "OpenWFE" nor the names of its contributors may be
+#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#   specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $Id: definitions.rb 2725 2006-06-02 13:26:32Z jmettraux $
+#
+
+#
+# "made in Japan"
+#
+# John Mettraux at openwfe.org
+#
+
+require 'ru/participant'
+require 'ru/rudefinitions'
+
+
+#
+# some base participant implementations
+
+module OpenWFEru
+
+    class LocalParticipant
+        include Participant
+
+        def reply_to_engine (workitem)
+            @application_context[S_EXPRESSION_POOL]\
+                .reply(workitem.lastExpressionId, workitem)
+        end
+    end
+
+    class PrintParticipant < LocalParticipant
+
+        def consume (workitem)
+
+            tracer = @application_context['__tracer']
+
+            if tracer
+                tracer << workitem.participantName
+            else
+                puts workitem.participantName
+            end
+
+            reply_to_engine(workitem)
+        end
+    end
+end
+

data/lib/ru/rudefinitions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, John Mettraux, OpenWFE.org
+# All rights reserved.
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+# . Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  
+# 
+# . Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+# . Neither the name of the "OpenWFE" nor the names of its contributors may be
+#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#   specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $Id: definitions.rb 2725 2006-06-02 13:26:32Z jmettraux $
+#
+
+#
+# "made in Japan"
+#
+
+module OpenWFEru
+
+    OPENWFE_VERSION = '1.7.2pre17'
+
+    #
+    # service names
+
+    S_LOGGER = 'logger'
+
+    S_EXPRESSION_MAP = 'expressionMap'
+    S_EXPRESSION_POOL = 'expressionPool'
+    S_EXPRESSION_STORAGE = 'expressionStorage'
+    S_PARTICIPANT_MAP = 'participantMap'
+    S_SCHEDULER = 'scheduler'
+
+    #
+    # some field names
+
+    FIELD_RESULT = '__result__'
+
+    #
+    # some special expression names
+
+    EN_ENVIRONMENT = 'environment'
+
+    #
+    # some expression attribute names
+
+    A_SYNC = 'sync'
+    A_FORGET = 'forget'
+
+end
+

data/lib/ru/ruutils.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006, John Mettraux, OpenWFE.org
+# All rights reserved.
+# 
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+# 
+# . Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+#   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  
+# 
+# . Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
+#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
+#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+# 
+# . Neither the name of the "OpenWFE" nor the names of its contributors may be
+#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+#   specific prior written permission.
+# 
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# $Id: definitions.rb 2725 2006-06-02 13:26:32Z jmettraux $
+#
+
+#
+# made somewhere over Japan
+#
+# John Mettraux at openwfe.org
+#
+
+
+module OpenWFEru
+
+    #
+    # Returns true if the given string starts with the 'start' string.
+    #
+    def OpenWFEru.starts_with (string, start)
+        #
+        # my favourite way of doing that would be by adding this 
+        # method to the String class, but that could be intrusive
+        # (as OpenWFEru is meant at first as an embeddable workflow engine).
+        #
+        return false if not string
+        return false if string.length < start.length
+        return string[0, start.length] == start
+    end
+
+    #
+    # Attempts at displaying a nice stack trace
+    #
+    def OpenWFEru.exception_to_s (exception)
+        s = ""
+        s << "#{exception}\n"
+        s << exception.backtrace.join("\n")
+        return s
+    end
+
+end
+