oj 3.11.5 → 3.16.5

data/ext/oj/rails.c

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "code.h"
 #include "encode.h"
+#include "mem.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ typedef struct _encoder {
     struct _rOptTable ropts;
     struct _options   opts;
     VALUE             arg;
-} * Encoder;
+} *Encoder;
 
 bool oj_rails_hash_opt  = false;
 bool oj_rails_array_opt = false;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ static ROptTable copy_opts(ROptTable src, ROptTable dest) {
     if (NULL == src->table) {
         dest->table = NULL;
     } else {
-        dest->table = ALLOC_N(struct _rOpt, dest->alen);
+        dest->table = OJ_R_ALLOC_N(struct _rOpt, dest->alen);
         memcpy(dest->table, src->table, sizeof(struct _rOpt) * dest->alen);
     }
     return NULL;
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ static void dump_struct(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     int            cnt;
     int            i;
     int            len;
-    const char *   name;
+    const char    *name;
 
 #ifdef RSTRUCT_LEN
 #if RSTRUCT_LEN_RETURNS_INTEGER_OBJECT
@@ -157,9 +158,9 @@ static void dump_struct(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     assure_size(out, 2);
     *out->cur++ = '{';
     for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
-        volatile VALUE s = rb_sym_to_s(rb_ary_entry(ma, i));
+        volatile VALUE s = rb_sym2str(RARRAY_AREF(ma, i));
 
-        name = rb_string_value_ptr((VALUE *)&s);
+        name = RSTRING_PTR(s);
         len  = (int)RSTRING_LEN(s);
         assure_size(out, size + sep_len + 6);
         if (0 < i) {
@@ -167,17 +168,14 @@ static void dump_struct(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
         }
         fill_indent(out, d3);
         *out->cur++ = '"';
-        memcpy(out->cur, name, len);
-        out->cur += len;
+        APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, name, len);
         *out->cur++ = '"';
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.before_size) {
-            strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.before_sep);
-            out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.before_size;
+            APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.before_sep, out->opts->dump_opts.before_size);
         }
         *out->cur++ = ':';
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.after_size) {
-            strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.after_sep);
-            out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.after_size;
+            APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.after_sep, out->opts->dump_opts.after_size);
         }
 #ifdef RSTRUCT_LEN
         v = RSTRUCT_GET(obj, i);
@@ -201,8 +199,8 @@ static void dump_enumerable(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
 }
 
 static void dump_bigdecimal(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
-    volatile VALUE rstr = rb_funcall(obj, oj_to_s_id, 0);
-    const char *   str  = rb_string_value_ptr((VALUE *)&rstr);
+    volatile VALUE rstr = oj_safe_string_convert(obj);
+    const char    *str  = RSTRING_PTR(rstr);
 
     if ('I' == *str || 'N' == *str || ('-' == *str && 'I' == str[1])) {
         oj_dump_nil(Qnil, depth, out, false);
@@ -265,14 +263,7 @@ static void dump_sec_nano(VALUE obj, int64_t sec, long nsec, Out out) {
                       tzmin);
     } else if (0 == out->opts->sec_prec) {
         if (0 == tzsecs && rb_funcall2(obj, oj_utcq_id, 0, 0)) {
-            len = sprintf(buf,
-                          "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02dZ",
-                          ti.year,
-                          ti.mon,
-                          ti.day,
-                          ti.hour,
-                          ti.min,
-                          ti.sec);
+            len = sprintf(buf, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02dZ", ti.year, ti.mon, ti.day, ti.hour, ti.min, ti.sec);
         } else {
             len = sprintf(buf,
                           "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d%c%02d:%02d",
@@ -303,18 +294,7 @@ static void dump_sec_nano(VALUE obj, int64_t sec, long nsec, Out out) {
             format[32] = '0' + out->opts->sec_prec;
             len -= 9 - out->opts->sec_prec;
         }
-        len = sprintf(buf,
-                      format,
-                      ti.year,
-                      ti.mon,
-                      ti.day,
-                      ti.hour,
-                      ti.min,
-                      ti.sec,
-                      nsec,
-                      tzsign,
-                      tzhour,
-                      tzmin);
+        len = sprintf(buf, format, ti.year, ti.mon, ti.day, ti.hour, ti.min, ti.sec, nsec, tzsign, tzhour, tzmin);
     }
     oj_dump_cstr(buf, len, 0, 0, out);
 }
@@ -323,20 +303,15 @@ static void dump_time(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     long long sec;
     long long nsec;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_RB_TIME_TIMESPEC
     if (16 <= sizeof(struct timespec)) {
         struct timespec ts = rb_time_timespec(obj);
 
         sec  = (long long)ts.tv_sec;
         nsec = ts.tv_nsec;
     } else {
-        sec  = rb_num2ll(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_sec_id, 0, 0));
-        nsec = rb_num2ll(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_nsec_id, 0, 0));
+        sec  = NUM2LL(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_sec_id, 0, 0));
+        nsec = NUM2LL(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_nsec_id, 0, 0));
     }
-#else
-    sec  = rb_num2ll(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_sec_id, 0, 0));
-    nsec = rb_num2ll(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_nsec_id, 0, 0));
-#endif
     dump_sec_nano(obj, sec, nsec, out);
 }
 
@@ -345,17 +320,17 @@ static void dump_timewithzone(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     long long nsec = 0;
 
     if (rb_respond_to(obj, oj_tv_nsec_id)) {
-        nsec = rb_num2ll(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_nsec_id, 0, 0));
+        nsec = NUM2LL(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_nsec_id, 0, 0));
     } else if (rb_respond_to(obj, oj_tv_usec_id)) {
-        nsec = rb_num2ll(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_usec_id, 0, 0)) * 1000;
+        nsec = NUM2LL(rb_funcall2(obj, oj_tv_usec_id, 0, 0)) * 1000;
     }
     dump_sec_nano(obj, sec, nsec, out);
 }
 
 static void dump_to_s(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
-    volatile VALUE rstr = rb_funcall(obj, oj_to_s_id, 0);
+    volatile VALUE rstr = oj_safe_string_convert(obj);
 
-    oj_dump_cstr(rb_string_value_ptr((VALUE *)&rstr), (int)RSTRING_LEN(rstr), 0, 0, out);
+    oj_dump_cstr(RSTRING_PTR(rstr), (int)RSTRING_LEN(rstr), 0, 0, out);
 }
 
 static ID parameters_id = 0;
@@ -363,7 +338,7 @@ static ID parameters_id = 0;
 typedef struct _strLen {
     const char *str;
     int         len;
-} * StrLen;
+} *StrLen;
 
 static void dump_actioncontroller_parameters(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     if (0 == parameters_id) {
@@ -381,11 +356,11 @@ static StrLen columns_array(VALUE rcols, int *ccnt) {
     int            cnt = (int)RARRAY_LEN(rcols);
 
     *ccnt = cnt;
-    cols  = ALLOC_N(struct _strLen, cnt);
+    cols  = OJ_R_ALLOC_N(struct _strLen, cnt);
     for (i = 0, cp = cols; i < cnt; i++, cp++) {
-        v = rb_ary_entry(rcols, i);
+        v = RARRAY_AREF(rcols, i);
         if (T_STRING != rb_type(v)) {
-            v = rb_funcall(v, oj_to_s_id, 0);
+            v = oj_safe_string_convert(v);
         }
         cp->str = StringValuePtr(v);
         cp->len = (int)RSTRING_LEN(v);
@@ -405,14 +380,12 @@ static void dump_row(VALUE row, StrLen cols, int ccnt, int depth, Out out) {
         assure_size(out, size);
         if (out->opts->dump_opts.use) {
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.array_size) {
-                strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl);
-                out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.array_size;
+                APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.array_size);
             }
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
                 int i;
                 for (i = d2; 0 < i; i--) {
-                    strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                    out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                    APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
                 }
             }
         } else {
@@ -420,7 +393,7 @@ static void dump_row(VALUE row, StrLen cols, int ccnt, int depth, Out out) {
         }
         oj_dump_cstr(cols->str, cols->len, 0, 0, out);
         *out->cur++ = ':';
-        dump_rails_val(rb_ary_entry(row, i), depth, out, true);
+        dump_rails_val(RARRAY_AREF(row, i), depth, out, true);
         if (i < ccnt - 1) {
             *out->cur++ = ',';
         }
@@ -429,15 +402,13 @@ static void dump_row(VALUE row, StrLen cols, int ccnt, int depth, Out out) {
     assure_size(out, size);
     if (out->opts->dump_opts.use) {
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.array_size) {
-            strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl);
-            out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.array_size;
+            APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.array_size);
         }
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
             int i;
 
             for (i = depth; 0 < i; i--) {
-                strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
             }
         }
     } else {
@@ -477,38 +448,34 @@ static void dump_activerecord_result(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok)
         assure_size(out, size);
         if (out->opts->dump_opts.use) {
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.array_size) {
-                strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl);
-                out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.array_size;
+                APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.array_size);
             }
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
                 int i;
                 for (i = d2; 0 < i; i--) {
-                    strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                    out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                    APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
                 }
             }
         } else {
             fill_indent(out, d2);
         }
-        dump_row(rb_ary_entry(rows, i), cols, ccnt, d2, out);
+        dump_row(RARRAY_AREF(rows, i), cols, ccnt, d2, out);
         if (i < rcnt - 1) {
             *out->cur++ = ',';
         }
     }
-    xfree(cols);
+    OJ_R_FREE(cols);
     size = depth * out->indent + 1;
     assure_size(out, size);
     if (out->opts->dump_opts.use) {
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.array_size) {
-            strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl);
-            out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.array_size;
+            APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.array_size);
         }
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
             int i;
 
             for (i = depth; 0 < i; i--) {
-                strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
             }
         }
     } else {
@@ -520,7 +487,7 @@ static void dump_activerecord_result(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok)
 typedef struct _namedFunc {
     const char *name;
     DumpFunc    func;
-} * NamedFunc;
+} *NamedFunc;
 
 static void dump_as_string(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     if (oj_code_dump(oj_compat_codes, obj, depth, out)) {
@@ -533,9 +500,7 @@ static void dump_as_string(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
 static void dump_as_json(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     volatile VALUE ja;
 
-    if (Yes == out->opts->trace) {
-        oj_trace("as_json", obj, __FILE__, __LINE__, depth + 1, TraceRubyIn);
-    }
+    TRACE(out->opts->trace, "as_json", obj, depth + 1, TraceRubyIn);
     // Some classes elect to not take an options argument so check the arity
     // of as_json.
     if (0 == rb_obj_method_arity(obj, oj_as_json_id)) {
@@ -543,9 +508,7 @@ static void dump_as_json(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     } else {
         ja = rb_funcall2(obj, oj_as_json_id, out->argc, out->argv);
     }
-    if (Yes == out->opts->trace) {
-        oj_trace("as_json", obj, __FILE__, __LINE__, depth + 1, TraceRubyOut);
-    }
+    TRACE(out->opts->trace, "as_json", obj, depth + 1, TraceRubyOut);
 
     out->argc = 0;
     if (ja == obj || !as_ok) {
@@ -603,11 +566,11 @@ static ROpt create_opt(ROptTable rot, VALUE clas) {
     rot->len++;
     if (NULL == rot->table) {
         rot->alen  = 256;
-        rot->table = ALLOC_N(struct _rOpt, rot->alen);
+        rot->table = OJ_R_ALLOC_N(struct _rOpt, rot->alen);
         memset(rot->table, 0, sizeof(struct _rOpt) * rot->alen);
     } else if (rot->alen <= rot->len) {
         rot->alen *= 2;
-        REALLOC_N(rot->table, struct _rOpt, rot->alen);
+        OJ_R_REALLOC_N(rot->table, struct _rOpt, rot->alen);
         memset(rot->table + olen, 0, sizeof(struct _rOpt) * olen);
     }
     if (0 == olen) {
@@ -660,9 +623,9 @@ static void encoder_free(void *ptr) {
         Encoder e = (Encoder)ptr;
 
         if (NULL != e->ropts.table) {
-            xfree(e->ropts.table);
+            OJ_R_FREE(e->ropts.table);
         }
-        xfree(ptr);
+        OJ_R_FREE(ptr);
     }
 }
 
@@ -676,6 +639,17 @@ static void encoder_mark(void *ptr) {
     }
 }
 
+static const rb_data_type_t oj_encoder_type = {
+    "Oj/encoder",
+    {
+        encoder_mark,
+        encoder_free,
+        NULL,
+    },
+    0,
+    0,
+};
+
 /* Document-method: new
  *	call-seq: new(options=nil)
  *
@@ -683,7 +657,7 @@ static void encoder_mark(void *ptr) {
  * - *options* [_Hash_] formatting options
  */
 static VALUE encoder_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
-    Encoder e = ALLOC(struct _encoder);
+    Encoder e = OJ_R_ALLOC(struct _encoder);
 
     e->opts = oj_default_options;
     e->arg  = Qnil;
@@ -693,14 +667,14 @@ static VALUE encoder_new(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
         oj_parse_options(*argv, &e->opts);
         e->arg = *argv;
     }
-    return Data_Wrap_Struct(encoder_class, encoder_mark, encoder_free, e);
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(encoder_class, &oj_encoder_type, e);
 }
 
 static VALUE resolve_classpath(const char *name) {
     char        class_name[1024];
     VALUE       clas;
-    char *      end = class_name + sizeof(class_name) - 1;
-    char *      s;
+    char       *end = class_name + sizeof(class_name) - 1;
+    char       *s;
     const char *n = name;
     ID          cid;
 
@@ -766,8 +740,7 @@ static void optimize(int argc, VALUE *argv, ROptTable rot, bool on) {
             oj_rails_float_opt = on;
         } else if (oj_string_writer_class == *argv) {
             string_writer_optimized = on;
-        } else if (NULL != (ro = oj_rails_get_opt(rot, *argv)) ||
-                   NULL != (ro = create_opt(rot, *argv))) {
+        } else if (NULL != (ro = oj_rails_get_opt(rot, *argv)) || NULL != (ro = create_opt(rot, *argv))) {
             ro->on = on;
         }
     }
@@ -786,7 +759,8 @@ static void optimize(int argc, VALUE *argv, ROptTable rot, bool on) {
  * - *classes* [_Class_] a list of classes to optimize
  */
 static VALUE encoder_optimize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
-    Encoder e = (Encoder)DATA_PTR(self);
+    Encoder e;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct _encoder, &oj_encoder_type, e);
 
     optimize(argc, argv, &e->ropts, true);
 
@@ -828,6 +802,7 @@ rails_mimic_json(VALUE self) {
         json = rb_define_module("JSON");
     }
     oj_mimic_json_methods(json);
+    // Setting the default mode breaks the prmoise in the docs not to.
     // oj_default_options.mode = RailsMode;
 
     return Qnil;
@@ -841,7 +816,8 @@ rails_mimic_json(VALUE self) {
  * - *classes* [_Class_] a list of classes to deoptimize
  */
 static VALUE encoder_deoptimize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
-    Encoder e = (Encoder)DATA_PTR(self);
+    Encoder e;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct _encoder, &oj_encoder_type, e);
 
     optimize(argc, argv, &e->ropts, false);
 
@@ -870,8 +846,11 @@ static VALUE rails_deoptimize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self) {
  * @return true if the class is being optimized for rails and false otherwise
  */
 static VALUE encoder_optimized(VALUE self, VALUE clas) {
-    Encoder e  = (Encoder)DATA_PTR(self);
-    ROpt    ro = oj_rails_get_opt(&e->ropts, clas);
+    Encoder e;
+    ROpt    ro;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct _encoder, &oj_encoder_type, e);
+    ro = oj_rails_get_opt(&e->ropts, clas);
 
     if (NULL == ro) {
         return Qfalse;
@@ -896,7 +875,7 @@ static VALUE rails_optimized(VALUE self, VALUE clas) {
 typedef struct _oo {
     Out   out;
     VALUE obj;
-} * OO;
+} *OO;
 
 static VALUE protect_dump(VALUE ov) {
     OO oo = (OO)ov;
@@ -907,7 +886,6 @@ static VALUE protect_dump(VALUE ov) {
 }
 
 static VALUE encode(VALUE obj, ROptTable ropts, Options opts, int argc, VALUE *argv) {
-    char            buf[4096];
     struct _out     out;
     struct _options copts = *opts;
     volatile VALUE  rstr  = Qnil;
@@ -924,19 +902,18 @@ static VALUE encode(VALUE obj, ROptTable ropts, Options opts, int argc, VALUE *a
     } else {
         copts.escape_mode = RailsEsc;
     }
-    out.buf       = buf;
-    out.end       = buf + sizeof(buf) - 10;
-    out.allocated = false;
-    out.omit_nil  = copts.dump_opts.omit_nil;
-    out.caller    = 0;
-    out.cur       = out.buf;
-    out.circ_cnt  = 0;
-    out.opts      = &copts;
-    out.hash_cnt  = 0;
-    out.indent    = copts.indent;
-    out.argc      = argc;
-    out.argv      = argv;
-    out.ropts     = ropts;
+
+    oj_out_init(&out);
+
+    out.omit_nil = copts.dump_opts.omit_nil;
+    out.cur      = out.buf;
+    out.circ_cnt = 0;
+    out.opts     = &copts;
+    out.hash_cnt = 0;
+    out.indent   = copts.indent;
+    out.argc     = argc;
+    out.argv     = argv;
+    out.ropts    = ropts;
     if (Yes == copts.circular) {
         oj_cache8_new(&out.circ_cache);
     }
@@ -962,9 +939,9 @@ static VALUE encode(VALUE obj, ROptTable ropts, Options opts, int argc, VALUE *a
     if (Yes == copts.circular) {
         oj_cache8_delete(out.circ_cache);
     }
-    if (out.allocated) {
-        xfree(out.buf);
-    }
+
+    oj_out_free(&out);
+
     if (0 != line) {
         rb_jump_tag(line);
     }
@@ -979,7 +956,8 @@ static VALUE encode(VALUE obj, ROptTable ropts, Options opts, int argc, VALUE *a
  * Returns encoded object as a JSON string.
  */
 static VALUE encoder_encode(VALUE self, VALUE obj) {
-    Encoder e = (Encoder)DATA_PTR(self);
+    Encoder e;
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, struct _encoder, &oj_encoder_type, e);
 
     if (Qnil != e->arg) {
         VALUE argv[1] = {e->arg};
@@ -1081,28 +1059,16 @@ static VALUE rails_set_encoder(VALUE self) {
     verbose = rb_gv_get("$VERBOSE");
     rb_gv_set("$VERBOSE", Qfalse);
     rb_undef_method(encoding, "use_standard_json_time_format=");
-    rb_define_module_function(encoding,
-                              "use_standard_json_time_format=",
-                              rails_use_standard_json_time_format,
-                              1);
+    rb_define_module_function(encoding, "use_standard_json_time_format=", rails_use_standard_json_time_format, 1);
     rb_undef_method(encoding, "use_standard_json_time_format");
-    rb_define_module_function(encoding,
-                              "use_standard_json_time_format",
-                              rails_use_standard_json_time_format_get,
-                              0);
+    rb_define_module_function(encoding, "use_standard_json_time_format", rails_use_standard_json_time_format_get, 0);
 
     pv          = rb_iv_get(encoding, "@escape_html_entities_in_json");
     escape_html = Qtrue == pv;
     rb_undef_method(encoding, "escape_html_entities_in_json=");
-    rb_define_module_function(encoding,
-                              "escape_html_entities_in_json=",
-                              rails_escape_html_entities_in_json,
-                              1);
+    rb_define_module_function(encoding, "escape_html_entities_in_json=", rails_escape_html_entities_in_json, 1);
     rb_undef_method(encoding, "escape_html_entities_in_json");
-    rb_define_module_function(encoding,
-                              "escape_html_entities_in_json",
-                              rails_escape_html_entities_in_json_get,
-                              0);
+    rb_define_module_function(encoding, "escape_html_entities_in_json", rails_escape_html_entities_in_json_get, 0);
 
     pv                              = rb_iv_get(encoding, "@time_precision");
     oj_default_options.sec_prec     = NUM2INT(pv);
@@ -1174,12 +1140,15 @@ oj_optimize_rails(VALUE self) {
  *
  * The Oj ActiveSupport compliant encoder.
  */
-void oj_mimic_rails_init() {
+void oj_mimic_rails_init(void) {
     VALUE rails = rb_define_module_under(Oj, "Rails");
 
     rb_define_module_function(rails, "encode", rails_encode, -1);
 
     encoder_class = rb_define_class_under(rails, "Encoder", rb_cObject);
+    rb_gc_register_address(&encoder_class);
+    rb_undef_alloc_func(encoder_class);
+
     rb_define_module_function(encoder_class, "new", encoder_new, -1);
     rb_define_module_function(rails, "optimize", rails_optimize, -1);
     rb_define_module_function(rails, "deoptimize", rails_deoptimize, -1);
@@ -1201,7 +1170,7 @@ static void dump_to_hash(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out) {
 
 static void dump_float(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     char   buf[64];
-    char * b;
+    char  *b;
     double d   = rb_num2dbl(obj);
     int    cnt = 0;
 
@@ -1221,9 +1190,9 @@ static void dump_float(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
         } else if (oj_rails_float_opt) {
             cnt = oj_dump_float_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), obj, d, "%0.16g");
         } else {
-            volatile VALUE rstr = rb_funcall(obj, oj_to_s_id, 0);
+            volatile VALUE rstr = oj_safe_string_convert(obj);
 
-            strcpy(buf, rb_string_value_ptr((VALUE *)&rstr));
+            strcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(rstr));
             cnt = (int)RSTRING_LEN(rstr);
         }
     }
@@ -1262,25 +1231,23 @@ static void dump_array(VALUE a, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
         } else {
             size = d2 * out->indent + 2;
         }
+        assure_size(out, size * cnt);
         cnt--;
         for (i = 0; i <= cnt; i++) {
-            assure_size(out, size);
             if (out->opts->dump_opts.use) {
                 if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.array_size) {
-                    strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl);
-                    out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.array_size;
+                    APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.array_size);
                 }
                 if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
                     int i;
                     for (i = d2; 0 < i; i--) {
-                        strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                        out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                        APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
                     }
                 }
             } else {
                 fill_indent(out, d2);
             }
-            dump_rails_val(rb_ary_entry(a, i), d2, out, true);
+            dump_rails_val(RARRAY_AREF(a, i), d2, out, true);
             if (i < cnt) {
                 *out->cur++ = ',';
             }
@@ -1289,15 +1256,13 @@ static void dump_array(VALUE a, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
         assure_size(out, size);
         if (out->opts->dump_opts.use) {
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.array_size) {
-                strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl);
-                out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.array_size;
+                APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.array_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.array_size);
             }
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
                 int i;
 
                 for (i = depth; 0 < i; i--) {
-                    strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                    out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                    APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
                 }
             }
         } else {
@@ -1318,7 +1283,7 @@ static int hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ov) {
         return ST_CONTINUE;
     }
     if (rtype != T_STRING && rtype != T_SYMBOL) {
-        key   = rb_funcall(key, oj_to_s_id, 0);
+        key   = oj_safe_string_convert(key);
         rtype = rb_type(key);
     }
     if (!out->opts->dump_opts.use) {
@@ -1335,14 +1300,12 @@ static int hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ov) {
         size = depth * out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size + out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size + 1;
         assure_size(out, size);
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size) {
-            strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.hash_nl);
-            out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size;
+            APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.hash_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size);
         }
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
             int i;
             for (i = depth; 0 < i; i--) {
-                strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
             }
         }
         if (rtype == T_STRING) {
@@ -1353,13 +1316,11 @@ static int hash_cb(VALUE key, VALUE value, VALUE ov) {
         size = out->opts->dump_opts.before_size + out->opts->dump_opts.after_size + 2;
         assure_size(out, size);
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.before_size) {
-            strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.before_sep);
-            out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.before_size;
+            APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.before_sep, out->opts->dump_opts.before_size);
         }
         *out->cur++ = ':';
         if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.after_size) {
-            strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.after_sep);
-            out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.after_size;
+            APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.after_sep, out->opts->dump_opts.after_size);
         }
     }
     dump_rails_val(value, depth, out, true);
@@ -1402,15 +1363,13 @@ static void dump_hash(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
             size = depth * out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size + out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size + 1;
             assure_size(out, size);
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size) {
-                strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.hash_nl);
-                out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size;
+                APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.hash_nl, out->opts->dump_opts.hash_size);
             }
             if (0 < out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size) {
                 int i;
 
                 for (i = depth; 0 < i; i--) {
-                    strcpy(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str);
-                    out->cur += out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size;
+                    APPEND_CHARS(out->cur, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_str, out->opts->dump_opts.indent_size);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1487,9 +1446,7 @@ static DumpFunc rails_funcs[] = {
 static void dump_rails_val(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
     int type = rb_type(obj);
 
-    if (Yes == out->opts->trace) {
-        oj_trace("dump", obj, __FILE__, __LINE__, depth, TraceIn);
-    }
+    TRACE(out->opts->trace, "dump", obj, depth, TraceIn);
     if (MAX_DEPTH < depth) {
         rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "Too deeply nested.\n");
     }
@@ -1498,16 +1455,12 @@ static void dump_rails_val(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out, bool as_ok) {
 
         if (NULL != f) {
             f(obj, depth, out, as_ok);
-            if (Yes == out->opts->trace) {
-                oj_trace("dump", obj, __FILE__, __LINE__, depth, TraceOut);
-            }
+            TRACE(out->opts->trace, "dump", obj, depth, TraceOut);
             return;
         }
     }
     oj_dump_nil(Qnil, depth, out, false);
-    if (Yes == out->opts->trace) {
-        oj_trace("dump", Qnil, __FILE__, __LINE__, depth, TraceOut);
-    }
+    TRACE(out->opts->trace, "dump", Qnil, depth, TraceOut);
 }
 
 void oj_dump_rails_val(VALUE obj, int depth, Out out) {