oauth2 1.4.3 → 2.0.8

data/SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+| Version  | Supported | EOL     | Post-EOL / Enterprise                 |
+|----------|-----------|---------|---------------------------------------|
+| 2.latest | ✅         | 04/2024 | [Tidelift Subscription][tidelift-ref] |
+| 1.latest | ✅         | 04/2023 | [Tidelift Subscription][tidelift-ref] |
+| <= 1     | ⛔         | ⛔       | ⛔                                     |
+
+### EOL Policy
+
+Non-commercial support for the oldest version of Ruby (which itself is going EOL) will be dropped each year in April.
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+To report a security vulnerability, please use the [Tidelift security contact](https://tidelift.com/security).
+Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
+
+## OAuth2 for Enterprise
+
+Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription.
+
+The maintainers of oauth2 and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source packages you use to build your applications. Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact packages you use. [Learn more.][tidelift-ref]
+
+[tidelift-ref]: https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/rubygems-oauth2?utm_source=rubygems-oauth2&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=enterprise&utm_term=repo

data/lib/oauth2/access_token.rb

@@ -1,56 +1,90 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module OAuth2
-  class AccessToken
-    attr_reader :client, :token, :expires_in, :expires_at, :params
-    attr_accessor :options, :refresh_token
+  class AccessToken # rubocop:disable Metrics/ClassLength
+    TOKEN_KEYS_STR = %w[access_token id_token token accessToken idToken].freeze
+    TOKEN_KEYS_SYM = %i[access_token id_token token accessToken idToken].freeze
+    TOKEN_KEY_LOOKUP = TOKEN_KEYS_STR + TOKEN_KEYS_SYM
+
+    attr_reader :client, :token, :expires_in, :expires_at, :expires_latency, :params
+    attr_accessor :options, :refresh_token, :response
 
     class << self
       # Initializes an AccessToken from a Hash
       #
-      # @param [Client] the OAuth2::Client instance
-      # @param [Hash] a hash of AccessToken property values
-      # @return [AccessToken] the initalized AccessToken
+      # @param [Client] client the OAuth2::Client instance
+      # @param [Hash] hash a hash of AccessToken property values
+      # @option hash [String] 'access_token', 'id_token', 'token', :access_token, :id_token, or :token the access token
+      # @return [AccessToken] the initialized AccessToken
       def from_hash(client, hash)
-        hash = hash.dup
-        new(client, hash.delete('access_token') || hash.delete(:access_token), hash)
+        fresh = hash.dup
+        supported_keys = TOKEN_KEY_LOOKUP & fresh.keys
+        key = supported_keys[0]
+        extra_tokens_warning(supported_keys, key)
+        token = fresh.delete(key)
+        new(client, token, fresh)
       end
 
       # Initializes an AccessToken from a key/value application/x-www-form-urlencoded string
       #
       # @param [Client] client the OAuth2::Client instance
       # @param [String] kvform the application/x-www-form-urlencoded string
-      # @return [AccessToken] the initalized AccessToken
+      # @return [AccessToken] the initialized AccessToken
       def from_kvform(client, kvform)
         from_hash(client, Rack::Utils.parse_query(kvform))
       end
+
+    private
+
+      # Having too many is sus, and may lead to bugs. Having none is fine (e.g. refresh flow doesn't need a token).
+      def extra_tokens_warning(supported_keys, key)
+        return if OAuth2.config.silence_extra_tokens_warning
+        return if supported_keys.length <= 1
+
+        warn("OAuth2::AccessToken.from_hash: `hash` contained more than one 'token' key (#{supported_keys}); using #{key.inspect}.")
+      end
     end
 
-    # Initalize an AccessToken
+    # Initialize an AccessToken
     #
     # @param [Client] client the OAuth2::Client instance
-    # @param [String] token the Access Token value
+    # @param [String] token the Access Token value (optional, may not be used in refresh flows)
     # @param [Hash] opts the options to create the Access Token with
     # @option opts [String] :refresh_token (nil) the refresh_token value
     # @option opts [FixNum, String] :expires_in (nil) the number of seconds in which the AccessToken will expire
     # @option opts [FixNum, String] :expires_at (nil) the epoch time in seconds in which AccessToken will expire
+    # @option opts [FixNum, String] :expires_latency (nil) the number of seconds by which AccessToken validity will be reduced to offset latency, @version 2.0+
     # @option opts [Symbol] :mode (:header) the transmission mode of the Access Token parameter value
     #    one of :header, :body or :query
     # @option opts [String] :header_format ('Bearer %s') the string format to use for the Authorization header
     # @option opts [String] :param_name ('access_token') the parameter name to use for transmission of the
     #    Access Token value in :body or :query transmission mode
-    def initialize(client, token, opts = {}) # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
+    def initialize(client, token, opts = {})
       @client = client
       @token = token.to_s
+
       opts = opts.dup
-      [:refresh_token, :expires_in, :expires_at].each do |arg|
+      %i[refresh_token expires_in expires_at expires_latency].each do |arg|
         instance_variable_set("@#{arg}", opts.delete(arg) || opts.delete(arg.to_s))
       end
+      no_tokens = (@token.nil? || @token.empty?) && (@refresh_token.nil? || @refresh_token.empty?)
+      if no_tokens
+        if @client.options[:raise_errors]
+          error = Error.new(opts)
+          raise(error)
+        else
+          warn('OAuth2::AccessToken has no token')
+        end
+      end
       @expires_in ||= opts.delete('expires')
       @expires_in &&= @expires_in.to_i
-      @expires_at &&= @expires_at.to_i
+      @expires_at &&= convert_expires_at(@expires_at)
+      @expires_latency &&= @expires_latency.to_i
       @expires_at ||= Time.now.to_i + @expires_in if @expires_in
-      @options = {:mode          => opts.delete(:mode) || :header,
-                  :header_format => opts.delete(:header_format) || 'Bearer %s',
-                  :param_name    => opts.delete(:param_name) || 'access_token'}
+      @expires_at -= @expires_latency if @expires_latency
+      @options = {mode: opts.delete(:mode) || :header,
+                  header_format: opts.delete(:header_format) || 'Bearer %s',
+                  param_name: opts.delete(:param_name) || 'access_token'}
       @params = opts
     end
 
@@ -72,28 +106,36 @@ module OAuth2
     #
     # @return [Boolean]
     def expired?
-      expires? && (expires_at < Time.now.to_i)
+      expires? && (expires_at <= Time.now.to_i)
     end
 
     # Refreshes the current Access Token
     #
     # @return [AccessToken] a new AccessToken
     # @note options should be carried over to the new AccessToken
-    def refresh!(params = {})
+    def refresh(params = {}, access_token_opts = {})
       raise('A refresh_token is not available') unless refresh_token
+
       params[:grant_type] = 'refresh_token'
       params[:refresh_token] = refresh_token
-      new_token = @client.get_token(params)
+      new_token = @client.get_token(params, access_token_opts)
       new_token.options = options
-      new_token.refresh_token = refresh_token unless new_token.refresh_token
+      if new_token.refresh_token
+        # Keep it, if there is one
+      else
+        new_token.refresh_token = refresh_token
+      end
       new_token
     end
+    # A compatibility alias
+    # @note does not modify the receiver, so bang is not the default method
+    alias refresh! refresh
 
     # Convert AccessToken to a hash which can be used to rebuild itself with AccessToken.from_hash
     #
     # @return [Hash] a hash of AccessToken property values
     def to_hash
-      params.merge(:access_token => token, :refresh_token => refresh_token, :expires_at => expires_at)
+      params.merge(access_token: token, refresh_token: refresh_token, expires_at: expires_at)
     end
 
     # Make a request with the Access Token
@@ -101,7 +143,7 @@ module OAuth2
     # @param [Symbol] verb the HTTP request method
     # @param [String] path the HTTP URL path of the request
     # @param [Hash] opts the options to make the request with
-    # @see Client#request
+    #   @see Client#request
     def request(verb, path, opts = {}, &block)
       configure_authentication!(opts)
       @client.request(verb, path, opts, &block)
@@ -149,7 +191,7 @@ module OAuth2
 
   private
 
-    def configure_authentication!(opts) # rubocop:disable MethodLength, Metrics/AbcSize
+    def configure_authentication!(opts)
       case options[:mode]
       when :header
         opts[:headers] ||= {}
@@ -162,12 +204,18 @@ module OAuth2
         if opts[:body].is_a?(Hash)
           opts[:body][options[:param_name]] = token
         else
-          opts[:body] << "&#{options[:param_name]}=#{token}"
+          opts[:body] += "&#{options[:param_name]}=#{token}"
         end
         # @todo support for multi-part (file uploads)
       else
         raise("invalid :mode option of #{options[:mode]}")
       end
     end
+
+    def convert_expires_at(expires_at)
+      Time.iso8601(expires_at.to_s).to_i
+    rescue ArgumentError
+      expires_at.to_i
+    end
   end
 end

data/lib/oauth2/authenticator.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'base64'
 
 module OAuth2
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ module OAuth2
     end
 
     def self.encode_basic_auth(user, password)
-      'Basic ' + Base64.encode64(user + ':' + password).delete("\n")
+      "Basic #{Base64.strict_encode64("#{user}:#{password}")}"
     end
 
   private
@@ -43,13 +45,18 @@ module OAuth2
     # Adds client_id and client_secret request parameters if they are not
     # already set.
     def apply_params_auth(params)
-      {'client_id' => id, 'client_secret' => secret}.merge(params)
+      result = {}
+      result['client_id'] = id unless id.nil?
+      result['client_secret'] = secret unless secret.nil?
+      result.merge(params)
     end
 
     # When using schemes that don't require the client_secret to be passed i.e TLS Client Auth,
     # we don't want to send the secret
     def apply_client_id(params)
-      { 'client_id' => id }.merge(params)
+      result = {}
+      result['client_id'] = id unless id.nil?
+      result.merge(params)
     end
 
     # Adds an `Authorization` header with Basic Auth credentials if and only if
@@ -57,10 +64,10 @@ module OAuth2
     def apply_basic_auth(params)
       headers = params.fetch(:headers, {})
       headers = basic_auth_header.merge(headers)
-      params.merge(:headers => headers)
+      params.merge(headers: headers)
     end
 
-    # @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617#section-2
+    # @see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2617#section-2
     def basic_auth_header
       {'Authorization' => self.class.encode_basic_auth(id, secret)}
     end

data/lib/oauth2/client.rb

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 require 'faraday'
 require 'logger'
 
 module OAuth2
+  ConnectionError = Class.new(Faraday::ConnectionFailed)
+  TimeoutError = Class.new(Faraday::TimeoutError)
+
   # The OAuth2::Client class
   class Client # rubocop:disable Metrics/ClassLength
+    RESERVED_PARAM_KEYS = %w[body headers params parse snaky].freeze
+
     attr_reader :id, :secret, :site
     attr_accessor :options
     attr_writer :connection
@@ -14,17 +21,19 @@ module OAuth2
     #
     # @param [String] client_id the client_id value
     # @param [String] client_secret the client_secret value
-    # @param [Hash] opts the options to create the client with
-    # @option opts [String] :site the OAuth2 provider site host
-    # @option opts [String] :redirect_uri the absolute URI to the Redirection Endpoint for use in authorization grants and token exchange
-    # @option opts [String] :authorize_url ('/oauth/authorize') absolute or relative URL path to the Authorization endpoint
-    # @option opts [String] :token_url ('/oauth/token') absolute or relative URL path to the Token endpoint
-    # @option opts [Symbol] :token_method (:post) HTTP method to use to request token (:get or :post)
-    # @option opts [Symbol] :auth_scheme (:basic_auth) HTTP method to use to authorize request (:basic_auth or :request_body)
-    # @option opts [Hash] :connection_opts ({}) Hash of connection options to pass to initialize Faraday with
-    # @option opts [FixNum] :max_redirects (5) maximum number of redirects to follow
-    # @option opts [Boolean] :raise_errors (true) whether or not to raise an OAuth2::Error
-    #  on responses with 400+ status codes
+    # @param [Hash] options the options to create the client with
+    # @option options [String] :site the OAuth2 provider site host
+    # @option options [String] :redirect_uri the absolute URI to the Redirection Endpoint for use in authorization grants and token exchange
+    # @option options [String] :authorize_url ('/oauth/authorize') absolute or relative URL path to the Authorization endpoint
+    # @option options [String] :token_url ('/oauth/token') absolute or relative URL path to the Token endpoint
+    # @option options [Symbol] :token_method (:post) HTTP method to use to request token (:get, :post, :post_with_query_string)
+    # @option options [Symbol] :auth_scheme (:basic_auth) HTTP method to use to authorize request (:basic_auth or :request_body)
+    # @option options [Hash] :connection_opts ({}) Hash of connection options to pass to initialize Faraday with
+    # @option options [FixNum] :max_redirects (5) maximum number of redirects to follow
+    # @option options [Boolean] :raise_errors (true) whether or not to raise an OAuth2::Error on responses with 400+ status codes
+    # @option options [Logger] :logger (::Logger.new($stdout)) which logger to use when OAUTH_DEBUG is enabled
+    # @option options [Proc] :extract_access_token proc that takes the client and the response Hash and extracts the access token from the response (DEPRECATED)
+    # @option options [Class] :access_token_class [Class] class of access token for easier subclassing OAuth2::AccessToken, @version 2.0+
     # @yield [builder] The Faraday connection builder
     def initialize(client_id, client_secret, options = {}, &block)
       opts = options.dup
@@ -32,20 +41,25 @@ module OAuth2
       @secret = client_secret
       @site = opts.delete(:site)
       ssl = opts.delete(:ssl)
-      @options = {:authorize_url    => '/oauth/authorize',
-                  :token_url        => '/oauth/token',
-                  :token_method     => :post,
-                  :auth_scheme      => :request_body,
-                  :connection_opts  => {},
-                  :connection_build => block,
-                  :max_redirects    => 5,
-                  :raise_errors     => true}.merge(opts)
+      warn('OAuth2::Client#initialize argument `extract_access_token` will be removed in oauth2 v3. Refactor to use `access_token_class`.') if opts[:extract_access_token]
+      @options = {
+        authorize_url: 'oauth/authorize',
+        token_url: 'oauth/token',
+        token_method: :post,
+        auth_scheme: :basic_auth,
+        connection_opts: {},
+        connection_build: block,
+        max_redirects: 5,
+        raise_errors: true,
+        logger: ::Logger.new($stdout),
+        access_token_class: AccessToken,
+      }.merge(opts)
       @options[:connection_opts][:ssl] = ssl if ssl
     end
 
     # Set the site host
     #
-    # @param [String] the OAuth2 provider site host
+    # @param value [String] the OAuth2 provider site host
     def site=(value)
       @connection = nil
       @site = value
@@ -53,15 +67,16 @@ module OAuth2
 
     # The Faraday connection object
     def connection
-      @connection ||= begin
-        conn = Faraday.new(site, options[:connection_opts])
-        if options[:connection_build]
-          conn.build do |b|
-            options[:connection_build].call(b)
+      @connection ||=
+        Faraday.new(site, options[:connection_opts]) do |builder|
+          oauth_debug_logging(builder)
+          if options[:connection_build]
+            options[:connection_build].call(builder)
+          else
+            builder.request :url_encoded             # form-encode POST params
+            builder.adapter Faraday.default_adapter  # make requests with Net::HTTP
           end
         end
-        conn
-      end
     end
 
     # The authorize endpoint URL of the OAuth2 provider
@@ -80,6 +95,9 @@ module OAuth2
     end
 
     # Makes a request relative to the specified site root.
+    # Updated HTTP 1.1 specification (IETF RFC 7231) relaxed the original constraint (IETF RFC 2616),
+    #   allowing the use of relative URLs in Location headers.
+    # @see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-7.1.2
     #
     # @param [Symbol] verb one of :get, :post, :put, :delete
     # @param [String] url URL path of request
@@ -90,35 +108,36 @@ module OAuth2
     # @option opts [Boolean] :raise_errors whether or not to raise an OAuth2::Error on 400+ status
     #   code response for this request.  Will default to client option
     # @option opts [Symbol] :parse @see Response::initialize
-    # @yield [req] The Faraday request
-    def request(verb, url, opts = {}) # rubocop:disable CyclomaticComplexity, MethodLength, Metrics/AbcSize
-      connection.response :logger, ::Logger.new($stdout) if ENV['OAUTH_DEBUG'] == 'true'
-
-      url = connection.build_url(url).to_s
-
-      response = connection.run_request(verb, url, opts[:body], opts[:headers]) do |req|
-        req.params.update(opts[:params]) if opts[:params]
-        yield(req) if block_given?
-      end
-      response = Response.new(response, :parse => opts[:parse])
+    # @option opts [true, false] :snaky (true) @see Response::initialize
+    # @yield [req] @see Faraday::Connection#run_request
+    def request(verb, url, opts = {}, &block)
+      response = execute_request(verb, url, opts, &block)
 
       case response.status
       when 301, 302, 303, 307
         opts[:redirect_count] ||= 0
         opts[:redirect_count] += 1
         return response if opts[:redirect_count] > options[:max_redirects]
+
         if response.status == 303
           verb = :get
           opts.delete(:body)
         end
-        request(verb, response.headers['location'], opts)
+        location = response.headers['location']
+        if location
+          full_location = response.response.env.url.merge(location)
+          request(verb, full_location, opts)
+        else
+          error = Error.new(response)
+          raise(error, "Got #{response.status} status code, but no Location header was present")
+        end
       when 200..299, 300..399
         # on non-redirecting 3xx statuses, just return the response
         response
       when 400..599
         error = Error.new(response)
         raise(error) if opts.fetch(:raise_errors, options[:raise_errors])
-        response.error = error
+
         response
       else
         error = Error.new(response)
@@ -128,54 +147,84 @@ module OAuth2
 
     # Initializes an AccessToken by making a request to the token endpoint
     #
-    # @param [Hash] params a Hash of params for the token endpoint
-    # @param [Hash] access token options, to pass to the AccessToken object
-    # @param [Class] class of access token for easier subclassing OAuth2::AccessToken
+    # @param params [Hash] a Hash of params for the token endpoint, except:
+    #   @option params [Symbol] :parse @see Response#initialize
+    #   @option params [true, false] :snaky (true) @see Response#initialize
+    # @param access_token_opts [Hash] access token options, to pass to the AccessToken object
+    # @param extract_access_token [Proc] proc that extracts the access token from the response (DEPRECATED)
+    # @yield [req] @see Faraday::Connection#run_request
     # @return [AccessToken] the initialized AccessToken
-    def get_token(params, access_token_opts = {}, access_token_class = AccessToken) # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/MethodLength
-      params = Authenticator.new(id, secret, options[:auth_scheme]).apply(params)
-      opts = {:raise_errors => options[:raise_errors], :parse => params.delete(:parse)}
-      headers = params.delete(:headers) || {}
+    def get_token(params, access_token_opts = {}, extract_access_token = nil, &block)
+      warn('OAuth2::Client#get_token argument `extract_access_token` will be removed in oauth2 v3. Refactor to use `access_token_class` on #initialize.') if extract_access_token
+      extract_access_token ||= options[:extract_access_token]
+      parse, snaky, params, headers = parse_snaky_params_headers(params)
+
+      request_opts = {
+        raise_errors: options[:raise_errors],
+        parse: parse,
+        snaky: snaky,
+      }
       if options[:token_method] == :post
-        opts[:body] = params
-        opts[:headers] = {'Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
+
+        # NOTE: If proliferation of request types continues we should implement a parser solution for Request,
+        #       just like we have with Response.
+        request_opts[:body] = if headers['Content-Type'] == 'application/json'
+                                params.to_json
+                              else
+                                params
+                              end
+
+        request_opts[:headers] = {'Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
       else
-        opts[:params] = params
-        opts[:headers] = {}
+        request_opts[:params] = params
+        request_opts[:headers] = {}
       end
-      opts[:headers].merge!(headers)
-      response = request(options[:token_method], token_url, opts)
-      if options[:raise_errors] && !(response.parsed.is_a?(Hash) && response.parsed['access_token'])
-        error = Error.new(response)
-        raise(error)
+      request_opts[:headers].merge!(headers)
+      response = request(http_method, token_url, request_opts, &block)
+
+      # In v1.4.x, the deprecated extract_access_token option retrieves the token from the response.
+      # We preserve this behavior here, but a custom access_token_class that implements #from_hash
+      # should be used instead.
+      if extract_access_token
+        parse_response_legacy(response, access_token_opts, extract_access_token)
+      else
+        parse_response(response, access_token_opts)
       end
-      access_token_class.from_hash(self, response.parsed.merge(access_token_opts))
+    end
+
+    # The HTTP Method of the request
+    # @return [Symbol] HTTP verb, one of :get, :post, :put, :delete
+    def http_method
+      http_meth = options[:token_method].to_sym
+      return :post if http_meth == :post_with_query_string
+
+      http_meth
     end
 
     # The Authorization Code strategy
     #
-    # @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-15#section-4.1
+    # @see http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-15#section-4.1
     def auth_code
       @auth_code ||= OAuth2::Strategy::AuthCode.new(self)
     end
 
     # The Implicit strategy
     #
-    # @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-26#section-4.2
+    # @see http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-26#section-4.2
     def implicit
       @implicit ||= OAuth2::Strategy::Implicit.new(self)
     end
 
     # The Resource Owner Password Credentials strategy
     #
-    # @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-15#section-4.3
+    # @see http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-15#section-4.3
     def password
       @password ||= OAuth2::Strategy::Password.new(self)
     end
 
     # The Client Credentials strategy
     #
-    # @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-15#section-4.4
+    # @see http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-v2-15#section-4.4
     def client_credentials
       @client_credentials ||= OAuth2::Strategy::ClientCredentials.new(self)
     end
@@ -195,10 +244,10 @@ module OAuth2
     #
     # @api semipublic
     #
-    # @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1
-    # @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.3
-    # @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.1
-    # @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-10.6
+    # @see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1
+    # @see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.3
+    # @see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.2.1
+    # @see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.6
     # @return [Hash] the params to add to a request or URL
     def redirection_params
       if options[:redirect_uri]
@@ -207,5 +256,99 @@ module OAuth2
         {}
       end
     end
+
+  private
+
+    def parse_snaky_params_headers(params)
+      params = params.map do |key, value|
+        if RESERVED_PARAM_KEYS.include?(key)
+          [key.to_sym, value]
+        else
+          [key, value]
+        end
+      end.to_h
+      parse = params.key?(:parse) ? params.delete(:parse) : Response::DEFAULT_OPTIONS[:parse]
+      snaky = params.key?(:snaky) ? params.delete(:snaky) : Response::DEFAULT_OPTIONS[:snaky]
+      params = authenticator.apply(params)
+      # authenticator may add :headers, and we remove them here
+      headers = params.delete(:headers) || {}
+      [parse, snaky, params, headers]
+    end
+
+    def execute_request(verb, url, opts = {})
+      url = connection.build_url(url).to_s
+
+      begin
+        response = connection.run_request(verb, url, opts[:body], opts[:headers]) do |req|
+          req.params.update(opts[:params]) if opts[:params]
+          yield(req) if block_given?
+        end
+      rescue Faraday::ConnectionFailed => e
+        raise ConnectionError, e
+      rescue Faraday::TimeoutError => e
+        raise TimeoutError, e
+      end
+
+      parse = opts.key?(:parse) ? opts.delete(:parse) : Response::DEFAULT_OPTIONS[:parse]
+      snaky = opts.key?(:snaky) ? opts.delete(:snaky) : Response::DEFAULT_OPTIONS[:snaky]
+
+      Response.new(response, parse: parse, snaky: snaky)
+    end
+
+    # Returns the authenticator object
+    #
+    # @return [Authenticator] the initialized Authenticator
+    def authenticator
+      Authenticator.new(id, secret, options[:auth_scheme])
+    end
+
+    def parse_response_legacy(response, access_token_opts, extract_access_token)
+      access_token = build_access_token_legacy(response, access_token_opts, extract_access_token)
+
+      return access_token if access_token
+
+      if options[:raise_errors]
+        error = Error.new(response)
+        raise(error)
+      end
+
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def parse_response(response, access_token_opts)
+      access_token_class = options[:access_token_class]
+      data = response.parsed
+
+      unless data.is_a?(Hash) && !data.empty?
+        return unless options[:raise_errors]
+
+        error = Error.new(response)
+        raise(error)
+      end
+
+      build_access_token(response, access_token_opts, access_token_class)
+    end
+
+    # Builds the access token from the response of the HTTP call
+    #
+    # @return [AccessToken] the initialized AccessToken
+    def build_access_token(response, access_token_opts, access_token_class)
+      access_token_class.from_hash(self, response.parsed.merge(access_token_opts)).tap do |access_token|
+        access_token.response = response if access_token.respond_to?(:response=)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Builds the access token from the response of the HTTP call with legacy extract_access_token
+    #
+    # @return [AccessToken] the initialized AccessToken
+    def build_access_token_legacy(response, access_token_opts, extract_access_token)
+      extract_access_token.call(self, response.parsed.merge(access_token_opts))
+    rescue StandardError
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def oauth_debug_logging(builder)
+      builder.response :logger, options[:logger], bodies: true if ENV['OAUTH_DEBUG'] == 'true'
+    end
   end
 end