numo-narray-alt 0.9.13 → 0.9.14

data/ext/numo/narray/src/t_dcomplex.c

@@ -38,12 +38,19 @@ static ID id_to_a;
 VALUE cT;
 extern VALUE cRT;
 
+#include "mh/extract.h"
+#include "mh/aref.h"
 #include "mh/coerce_cast.h"
 #include "mh/to_a.h"
 #include "mh/fill.h"
 #include "mh/format.h"
 #include "mh/format_to_a.h"
 #include "mh/inspect.h"
+#include "mh/each.h"
+#include "mh/map.h"
+#include "mh/each_with_index.h"
+#include "mh/map_with_index.h"
+#include "mh/abs.h"
 #include "mh/op/add.h"
 #include "mh/op/sub.h"
 #include "mh/op/mul.h"
@@ -53,6 +60,13 @@ extern VALUE cRT;
 #include "mh/reciprocal.h"
 #include "mh/sign.h"
 #include "mh/square.h"
+#include "mh/conj.h"
+#include "mh/im.h"
+#include "mh/real.h"
+#include "mh/imag.h"
+#include "mh/arg.h"
+#include "mh/set_imag.h"
+#include "mh/set_real.h"
 #include "mh/comp/eq.h"
 #include "mh/comp/ne.h"
 #include "mh/comp/nearly_eq.h"
@@ -61,6 +75,7 @@ extern VALUE cRT;
 #include "mh/round/ceil.h"
 #include "mh/round/trunc.h"
 #include "mh/round/rint.h"
+#include "mh/copysign.h"
 #include "mh/isnan.h"
 #include "mh/isinf.h"
 #include "mh/isposinf.h"
@@ -68,6 +83,7 @@ extern VALUE cRT;
 #include "mh/isfinite.h"
 #include "mh/sum.h"
 #include "mh/prod.h"
+#include "mh/kahan_sum.h"
 #include "mh/mean.h"
 #include "mh/var.h"
 #include "mh/stddev.h"
@@ -80,6 +96,7 @@ extern VALUE cRT;
 #include "mh/eye.h"
 #include "mh/rand.h"
 #include "mh/rand_norm.h"
+#include "mh/poly.h"
 #include "mh/math/sqrt.h"
 #include "mh/math/cbrt.h"
 #include "mh/math/log.h"
@@ -102,12 +119,19 @@ extern VALUE cRT;
 #include "mh/math/atanh.h"
 #include "mh/math/sinc.h"
 
+DEF_NARRAY_EXTRACT_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_AREF_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_COERCE_CAST_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_TO_A_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FILL_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FORMAT_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FORMAT_TO_A_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_INSPECT_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_EACH_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_MAP_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_EACH_WITH_INDEX_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_MAP_WITH_INDEX_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_ABS_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
 DEF_NARRAY_ADD_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_SUB_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_MUL_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
@@ -117,6 +141,13 @@ DEF_NARRAY_MINUS_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_RECIPROCAL_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_SIGN_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_SQUARE_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_CONJ_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_IM_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_REAL_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
+DEF_NARRAY_IMAG_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
+DEF_NARRAY_ARG_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
+DEF_NARRAY_SET_IMAG_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
+DEF_NARRAY_SET_REAL_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
 DEF_NARRAY_EQ_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_NE_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_NEARLY_EQ_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
@@ -125,6 +156,7 @@ DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ROUND_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_CEIL_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_TRUNC_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_RINT_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_COPYSIGN_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISNAN_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISINF_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISPOSINF_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
@@ -132,6 +164,7 @@ DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISNEGINF_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISFINITE_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_SUM_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_PROD_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
+DEF_NARRAY_KAHAN_SUM_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_MEAN_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_VAR_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_STDDEV_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex, double, numo_cDFloat)
@@ -144,6 +177,7 @@ DEF_NARRAY_FLT_LOGSEQ_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_EYE_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_CMP_RAND_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_CMP_RAND_NORM_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, double)
+DEF_NARRAY_POLY_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_SQRT_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_CBRT_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_LOG_METHOD_FUNC(dcomplex, numo_cDComplex)
@@ -269,28 +303,6 @@ static VALUE dcomplex_allocate(VALUE self) {
   return self;
 }
 
-/*
-  Extract an element only if self is a dimensionless NArray.
-  @overload extract
-    @return [Numeric,Numo::NArray]
-    --- Extract element value as Ruby Object if self is a dimensionless NArray,
-  otherwise returns self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_extract(VALUE self) {
-  volatile VALUE v;
-  char* ptr;
-  narray_t* na;
-  GetNArray(self, na);
-
-  if (na->ndim == 0) {
-    ptr = na_get_pointer_for_read(self) + na_get_offset(self);
-    v = m_extract(ptr);
-    na_release_lock(self);
-    return v;
-  }
-  return self;
-}
-
 static VALUE dcomplex_new_dim0(dtype x) {
   VALUE v;
   dtype* ptr;
@@ -1392,29 +1404,6 @@ static VALUE dcomplex_s_cast(VALUE type, VALUE obj) {
   return Qnil;
 }
 
-/*
-  Multi-dimensional element reference.
-  @overload [](dim0,...,dimL)
-    @param [Numeric,Range,Array,Numo::Int32,Numo::Int64,Numo::Bit,TrueClass,FalseClass,Symbol]
-    dim0,...,dimL  multi-dimensional indices.
-    @return [Numeric,Numo::DComplex] an element or NArray view.
-  @see Numo::NArray#[]
-  @see #[]=
- */
-static VALUE dcomplex_aref(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
-  int nd;
-  size_t pos;
-  char* ptr;
-
-  nd = na_get_result_dimension(self, argc, argv, sizeof(dtype), &pos);
-  if (nd) {
-    return na_aref_main(argc, argv, self, 0, nd);
-  } else {
-    ptr = na_get_pointer_for_read(self) + pos;
-    return m_extract(ptr);
-  }
-}
-
 /*
   Multi-dimensional element assignment.
   @overload []=(dim0,...,dimL,val)
@@ -1449,962 +1438,6 @@ static VALUE dcomplex_aset(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   return argv[argc];
 }
 
-static void iter_dcomplex_each(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, s1;
-  char* p1;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  VALUE y;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      y = m_data_to_num(x);
-      rb_yield(y);
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      y = m_data_to_num(x);
-      rb_yield(y);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Calls the given block once for each element in self,
-  passing that element as a parameter.
-  @overload each
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self
-    For a block `{|x| ... }`,
-    @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element of NArray.
-  @see #each_with_index
-  @see #map
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_each(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { Qnil, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_each, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 1, 0, ain, 0 };
-
-  na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-  return self;
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_map(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_map(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_map(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_map(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      if (is_aligned(p1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned(p2, sizeof(dtype))) {
-        if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s2 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            ((dtype*)p2)[i] = m_map(((dtype*)p1)[i]);
-          }
-          return;
-        }
-        if (is_aligned_step(s1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned_step(s2, sizeof(dtype))) {
-          //
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            *(dtype*)p2 = m_map(*(dtype*)p1);
-            p1 += s1;
-            p2 += s2;
-          }
-          return;
-          //
-        }
-      }
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_map(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary map.
-  @overload map
-    @return [Numo::DComplex] map of self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_map(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_map, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static inline void yield_each_with_index(dtype x, size_t* c, VALUE* a, int nd, int md) {
-  int j;
-
-  a[0] = m_data_to_num(x);
-  for (j = 0; j <= nd; j++) {
-    a[j + 1] = SIZET2NUM(c[j]);
-  }
-  rb_yield(rb_ary_new4(md, a));
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_each_with_index(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, s1;
-  char* p1;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  VALUE* a;
-  size_t* c;
-  int nd, md;
-
-  c = (size_t*)(lp->opt_ptr);
-  nd = lp->ndim;
-  if (nd > 0) {
-    nd--;
-  }
-  md = nd + 2;
-  a = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, md);
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  c[nd] = 0;
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      yield_each_with_index(x, c, a, nd, md);
-      c[nd]++;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      yield_each_with_index(x, c, a, nd, md);
-      c[nd]++;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Invokes the given block once for each element of self,
-  passing that element and indices along each axis as parameters.
-  @overload each_with_index
-    For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
-    @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
-    @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self
-  @see #each
-  @see #map_with_index
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_each_with_index(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { Qnil, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_each_with_index, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 1, 0, ain, 0 };
-
-  na_ndloop_with_index(&ndf, 1, self);
-  return self;
-}
-
-static inline dtype yield_map_with_index(dtype x, size_t* c, VALUE* a, int nd, int md) {
-  int j;
-  VALUE y;
-
-  a[0] = m_data_to_num(x);
-  for (j = 0; j <= nd; j++) {
-    a[j + 1] = SIZET2NUM(c[j]);
-  }
-  y = rb_yield(rb_ary_new4(md, a));
-  return m_num_to_data(y);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_map_with_index(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-  VALUE* a;
-  size_t* c;
-  int nd, md;
-
-  c = (size_t*)(lp->opt_ptr);
-  nd = lp->ndim;
-  if (nd > 0) {
-    nd--;
-  }
-  md = nd + 2;
-  a = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, md);
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  c[nd] = 0;
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = yield_map_with_index(x, c, a, nd, md);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-        c[nd]++;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = yield_map_with_index(x, c, a, nd, md);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-        c[nd]++;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = yield_map_with_index(x, c, a, nd, md);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-        c[nd]++;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = yield_map_with_index(x, c, a, nd, md);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-        c[nd]++;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Invokes the given block once for each element of self,
-  passing that element and indices along each axis as parameters.
-  Creates a new NArray containing the values returned by the block.
-  Inplace option is allowed, i.e., `nary.inplace.map` overwrites `nary`.
-  @overload map_with_index
-    For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
-    @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
-    @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
-    @return [Numo::NArray] mapped array
-  @see #map
-  @see #each_with_index
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_map_with_index(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { Qnil, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_map_with_index, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop_with_index(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_abs(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-  rtype y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_abs(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_abs(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_abs(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_abs(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  abs of self.
-  @overload abs
-    @return [Numo::DFloat] abs of self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_abs(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cRT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_abs, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_conj(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_conj(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_conj(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_conj(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      if (is_aligned(p1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned(p2, sizeof(dtype))) {
-        if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s2 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            ((dtype*)p2)[i] = m_conj(((dtype*)p1)[i]);
-          }
-          return;
-        }
-        if (is_aligned_step(s1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned_step(s2, sizeof(dtype))) {
-          //
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            *(dtype*)p2 = m_conj(*(dtype*)p1);
-            p1 += s1;
-            p2 += s2;
-          }
-          return;
-          //
-        }
-      }
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_conj(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary conj.
-  @overload conj
-    @return [Numo::DComplex] conj of self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_conj(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_conj, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_im(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_im(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_im(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_im(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      if (is_aligned(p1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned(p2, sizeof(dtype))) {
-        if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s2 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            ((dtype*)p2)[i] = m_im(((dtype*)p1)[i]);
-          }
-          return;
-        }
-        if (is_aligned_step(s1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned_step(s2, sizeof(dtype))) {
-          //
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            *(dtype*)p2 = m_im(*(dtype*)p1);
-            p1 += s1;
-            p2 += s2;
-          }
-          return;
-          //
-        }
-      }
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_im(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary im.
-  @overload im
-    @return [Numo::DComplex] im of self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_im(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_im, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_real(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-  rtype y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_real(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_real(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_real(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_real(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  real of self.
-  @overload real
-    @return [Numo::DFloat] real of self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_real(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cRT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_real, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_imag(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-  rtype y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_imag(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_imag(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_imag(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_imag(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  imag of self.
-  @overload imag
-    @return [Numo::DFloat] imag of self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_imag(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cRT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_imag, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_arg(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-  rtype y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_arg(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_arg(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_arg(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        y = m_arg(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  arg of self.
-  @overload arg
-    @return [Numo::DFloat] arg of self.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_arg(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cRT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_arg, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_set_imag(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-  rtype y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1 + *idx1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_imag(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1 + *idx1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_imag(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_imag(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_imag(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE dcomplex_set_imag(VALUE self, VALUE a1) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { cRT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_set_imag, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
-
-  na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, a1);
-  return a1;
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_set_real(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-  rtype y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1 + *idx1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_real(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1 + *idx1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_real(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_real(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (; i--;) {
-        GET_DATA(p1, dtype, x);
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, rtype, y);
-        x = m_set_real(x, y);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE dcomplex_set_real(VALUE self, VALUE a1) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { cRT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_set_real, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
-
-  na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, a1);
-  return a1;
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_copysign(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-  if (is_aligned(p1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned(p2, sizeof(dtype)) &&
-      is_aligned(p3, sizeof(dtype))) {
-
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s2 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          check_intdivzero(((dtype*)p2)[i]);
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_copysign(((dtype*)p1)[i], ((dtype*)p2)[i]);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          check_intdivzero(((dtype*)p2)[i]);
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_copysign(((dtype*)p1)[i], ((dtype*)p2)[i]);
-        }
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (is_aligned_step(s1, sizeof(dtype)) && is_aligned_step(s2, sizeof(dtype)) &&
-        is_aligned_step(s3, sizeof(dtype))) {
-      //
-
-      if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-          if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-            for (; i < n; i++) {
-              ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_copysign(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-            }
-          } else {
-            for (; i < n; i++) {
-              ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_copysign(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            *(dtype*)p3 = m_copysign(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-            p1 += s1;
-            p3 += s3;
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-            *(dtype*)p1 = m_copysign(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-            p1 += s1;
-            p2 += s2;
-          }
-        } else {
-          for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-            *(dtype*)p3 = m_copysign(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-            p1 += s1;
-            p2 += s2;
-            p3 += s3;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    dtype x, y, z;
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    check_intdivzero(y);
-    z = m_copysign(x, y);
-    SET_DATA_STRIDE(p3, s3, dtype, z);
-  }
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE dcomplex_copysign_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_copysign, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary copysign.
-  @overload copysign other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self copysign other
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_copysign(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-
-  VALUE klass, v;
-
-  klass = na_upcast(rb_obj_class(self), rb_obj_class(other));
-  if (klass == cT) {
-    return dcomplex_copysign_self(self, other);
-  } else {
-    v = rb_funcall(klass, id_cast, 1, self);
-    return rb_funcall(v, id_copysign, 1, other);
-  }
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_kahan_sum(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  p2 = lp->args[1].ptr + lp->args[1].iter[0].pos;
-
-  *(dtype*)p2 = f_kahan_sum(n, p1, s1);
-}
-static void iter_dcomplex_kahan_sum_nan(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  p2 = lp->args[1].ptr + lp->args[1].iter[0].pos;
-
-  *(dtype*)p2 = f_kahan_sum_nan(n, p1, s1);
-}
-
-/*
-  kahan_sum of self.
-  @overload kahan_sum(axis:nil, keepdims:false, nan:false)
-    @param [TrueClass] nan  If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm (avoid NaN for sum/mean etc, or,
-    return NaN for min/max etc).
-    @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs kahan_sum along the axis.
-    @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
-    dimensions with size one.
-    @return [Numo::DComplex] returns result of kahan_sum.
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_kahan_sum(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
-  VALUE v, reduce;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { sym_reduce, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = {
-    iter_dcomplex_kahan_sum, STRIDE_LOOP_NIP | NDF_FLAT_REDUCE, 2, 1, ain, aout
-  };
-
-  reduce = na_reduce_dimension(argc, argv, 1, &self, &ndf, iter_dcomplex_kahan_sum_nan);
-
-  v = na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, reduce);
-
-  return dcomplex_extract(v);
-}
-
-static void iter_dcomplex_poly(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  dtype x, y, a;
-
-  x = *(dtype*)(lp->args[0].ptr + lp->args[0].iter[0].pos);
-  i = lp->narg - 2;
-  y = *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos);
-  for (; --i;) {
-    y = m_mul(x, y);
-    a = *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos);
-    y = m_add(y, a);
-  }
-  i = lp->narg - 1;
-  *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos) = y;
-}
-
-/*
-  Calculate polynomial.
-    `x.poly(a0,a1,a2,...,an) = a0 + a1*x + a2*x**2 + ... + an*x**n`
-  @overload poly a0, a1, ..., an
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a0,a1,...,an
-    @return [Numo::DComplex]
-*/
-static VALUE dcomplex_poly(VALUE self, VALUE args) {
-  int argc, i;
-  VALUE* argv;
-  volatile VALUE v, a;
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_dcomplex_poly, NO_LOOP, 0, 1, 0, aout };
-
-  argc = (int)RARRAY_LEN(args);
-  ndf.nin = argc + 1;
-  ndf.ain = ALLOCA_N(ndfunc_arg_in_t, argc + 1);
-  for (i = 0; i < argc + 1; i++) {
-    ndf.ain[i].type = cT;
-  }
-  argv = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, argc + 1);
-  argv[0] = self;
-  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-    argv[i + 1] = RARRAY_PTR(args)[i];
-  }
-  a = rb_ary_new4(argc + 1, argv);
-  v = na_ndloop2(&ndf, a);
-  return dcomplex_extract(v);
-}
-
 VALUE mTM;
 
 void Init_numo_dcomplex(void) {
@@ -2475,11 +1508,27 @@ void Init_numo_dcomplex(void) {
   rb_define_const(cT, "MIN", M_MIN);
   rb_define_alloc_func(cT, dcomplex_s_alloc_func);
   rb_define_method(cT, "allocate", dcomplex_allocate, 0);
+  /**
+   * Extract an element only if self is a dimensionless NArray.
+   * @overload extract
+   *   @return [Numeric,Numo::NArray]
+   *   --- Extract element value as Ruby Object if self is a dimensionless NArray,
+   * otherwise returns self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "extract", dcomplex_extract, 0);
 
   rb_define_method(cT, "store", dcomplex_store, 1);
 
   rb_define_singleton_method(cT, "cast", dcomplex_s_cast, 1);
+  /**
+   * Multi-dimensional element reference.
+   * @overload [](dim0,...,dimL)
+   *   @param [Numeric,Range,Array,Numo::Int32,Numo::Int64,Numo::Bit,TrueClass,FalseClass,
+   *     Symbol] dim0,...,dimL  multi-dimensional indices.
+   *   @return [Numeric,Numo::DComplex] an element or NArray view.
+   * @see Numo::NArray#[]
+   * @see #[]=
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "[]", dcomplex_aref, -1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "[]=", dcomplex_aset, -1);
   /**
@@ -2521,10 +1570,54 @@ void Init_numo_dcomplex(void) {
    *   @return [String]
    */
   rb_define_method(cT, "inspect", dcomplex_inspect, 0);
+  /**
+   * Calls the given block once for each element in self,
+   * passing that element as a parameter.
+   * @overload each
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self
+   *   For a block `{|x| ... }`,
+   *   @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element of NArray.
+   * @see #each_with_index
+   * @see #map
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "each", dcomplex_each, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary map.
+   * @overload map
+   *   @return [Numo::DComplex] map of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "map", dcomplex_map, 0);
+  /**
+   * Invokes the given block once for each element of self,
+   * passing that element and indices along each axis as parameters.
+   * @overload each_with_index
+   *   For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
+   *   @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
+   *   @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self
+   * @see #each
+   * @see #map_with_index
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "each_with_index", dcomplex_each_with_index, 0);
+  /**
+   * Invokes the given block once for each element of self,
+   * passing that element and indices along each axis as parameters.
+   * Creates a new NArray containing the values returned by the block.
+   * Inplace option is allowed, i.e., `nary.inplace.map` overwrites `nary`.
+   * @overload map_with_index
+   *   For a block `{|x,i,j,...| ... }`,
+   *   @yieldparam [Numeric] x  an element
+   *   @yieldparam [Integer] i,j,...  multitimensional indices
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] mapped array
+   * @see #map
+   * @see #each_with_index
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "map_with_index", dcomplex_map_with_index, 0);
+  /**
+   * abs of self.
+   * @overload abs
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] abs of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "abs", dcomplex_abs, 0);
   /**
    * Binary add.
@@ -2586,10 +1679,35 @@ void Init_numo_dcomplex(void) {
    *   @return [Numo::DComplex] square of self.
    */
   rb_define_method(cT, "square", dcomplex_square, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary conj.
+   * @overload conj
+   *   @return [Numo::DComplex] conj of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "conj", dcomplex_conj, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary im.
+   * @overload im
+   *   @return [Numo::DComplex] im of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "im", dcomplex_im, 0);
+  /**
+   * real of self.
+   * @overload real
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] real of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "real", dcomplex_real, 0);
+  /**
+   * imag of self.
+   * @overload imag
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] imag of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "imag", dcomplex_imag, 0);
+  /**
+   * arg of self.
+   * @overload arg
+   *   @return [Numo::DFloat] arg of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "arg", dcomplex_arg, 0);
   rb_define_alias(cT, "angle", "arg");
   rb_define_method(cT, "set_imag", dcomplex_set_imag, 1);
@@ -2649,6 +1767,12 @@ void Init_numo_dcomplex(void) {
    *   @return [Numo::DComplex] rint of self.
    */
   rb_define_method(cT, "rint", dcomplex_rint, 0);
+  /**
+   * Binary copysign.
+   * @overload copysign other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self copysign other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "copysign", dcomplex_copysign, 1);
   /**
    * Condition of isnan.
@@ -2702,6 +1826,16 @@ void Init_numo_dcomplex(void) {
    *   @return [Numo::DComplex] returns result of prod.
    */
   rb_define_method(cT, "prod", dcomplex_prod, -1);
+  /**
+   * kahan_sum of self.
+   * @overload kahan_sum(axis:nil, keepdims:false, nan:false)
+   *   @param [TrueClass] nan  If true, apply NaN-aware algorithm (avoid NaN for sum/mean etc,
+   *     or, return NaN for min/max etc).
+   *   @param [Numeric,Array,Range] axis  Performs kahan_sum along the axis.
+   *   @param [TrueClass] keepdims  If true, the reduced axes are left in the result array as
+   *     dimensions with size one.
+   *   @return [Numo::DComplex] returns result of kahan_sum.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "kahan_sum", dcomplex_kahan_sum, -1);
   /**
    * mean of self.
@@ -2879,6 +2013,13 @@ void Init_numo_dcomplex(void) {
    *   #  [4.5528+7.11003i, 5.62117+6.69094i, 5.05443+5.35133i]]
    */
   rb_define_method(cT, "rand_norm", dcomplex_rand_norm, -1);
+  /**
+   * Calculate polynomial.
+   *   `x.poly(a0,a1,a2,...,an) = a0 + a1*x + a2*x**2 + ... + an*x**n`
+   * @overload poly a0, a1, ..., an
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a0,a1,...,an
+   *   @return [Numo::DComplex]
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "poly", dcomplex_poly, -2);
   rb_define_singleton_method(cT, "[]", dcomplex_s_cast, -2);