numo-narray-alt 0.9.11 → 0.9.13

data/ext/numo/narray/src/t_robject.c

@@ -60,7 +60,46 @@ static ID id_truncate;
 VALUE cT;
 extern VALUE cRT;
 
+#include "mh/coerce_cast.h"
+#include "mh/to_a.h"
+#include "mh/fill.h"
+#include "mh/format.h"
+#include "mh/format_to_a.h"
+#include "mh/inspect.h"
+#include "mh/op/add.h"
+#include "mh/op/sub.h"
+#include "mh/op/mul.h"
+#include "mh/op/div.h"
+#include "mh/op/mod.h"
+#include "mh/divmod.h"
+#include "mh/pow.h"
+#include "mh/minus.h"
+#include "mh/reciprocal.h"
+#include "mh/sign.h"
+#include "mh/square.h"
+#include "mh/round/floor.h"
+#include "mh/round/round.h"
+#include "mh/round/ceil.h"
+#include "mh/round/trunc.h"
+#include "mh/comp/eq.h"
+#include "mh/comp/ne.h"
+#include "mh/comp/nearly_eq.h"
+#include "mh/comp/gt.h"
+#include "mh/comp/ge.h"
+#include "mh/comp/lt.h"
+#include "mh/comp/le.h"
+#include "mh/bit/and.h"
+#include "mh/bit/or.h"
+#include "mh/bit/xor.h"
+#include "mh/bit/not.h"
+#include "mh/bit/left_shift.h"
+#include "mh/bit/right_shift.h"
 #include "mh/clip.h"
+#include "mh/isnan.h"
+#include "mh/isinf.h"
+#include "mh/isposinf.h"
+#include "mh/isneginf.h"
+#include "mh/isfinite.h"
 #include "mh/sum.h"
 #include "mh/prod.h"
 #include "mh/mean.h"
@@ -87,7 +126,46 @@ extern VALUE cRT;
 
 typedef VALUE robject; // Type aliases for shorter notation
                        // following the codebase naming convention.
+DEF_NARRAY_COERCE_CAST_METHOD_FUNC(robject)
+DEF_NARRAY_TO_A_METHOD_FUNC(robject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FILL_METHOD_FUNC(robject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FORMAT_METHOD_FUNC(robject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FORMAT_TO_A_METHOD_FUNC(robject)
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_INSPECT_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_ADD_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_SUB_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_MUL_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_DIV_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_MOD_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_DIVMOD_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_POW_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_MINUS_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_RECIPROCAL_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_SIGN_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_SQUARE_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_FLOOR_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_ROUND_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_CEIL_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_TRUNC_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_EQ_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_NE_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_NEARLY_EQ_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_GT_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_GE_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_LT_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_LE_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_BIT_AND_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_BIT_OR_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_BIT_XOR_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_BIT_NOT_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_LEFT_SHIFT_METHOD_FUNC()
+DEF_NARRAY_ROBJ_RIGHT_SHIFT_METHOD_FUNC()
 DEF_NARRAY_CLIP_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISNAN_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISINF_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISPOSINF_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISNEGINF_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
+DEF_NARRAY_FLT_ISFINITE_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_SUM_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_PROD_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject)
 DEF_NARRAY_FLT_MEAN_METHOD_FUNC(robject, numo_cRObject, VALUE, numo_cRObject)
@@ -1286,204 +1364,6 @@ static VALUE robject_aset(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
   return argv[argc];
 }
 
-/*
-  return NArray with cast to the type of self.
-  @overload coerce_cast(type)
-    @return [nil]
-*/
-static VALUE robject_coerce_cast(VALUE self, VALUE type) {
-  return Qnil;
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_to_a(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, s1;
-  char* p1;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  volatile VALUE a, y;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  a = rb_ary_new2(i);
-  rb_ary_push(lp->args[1].value, a);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      y = m_data_to_num(x);
-      rb_ary_push(a, y);
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      y = m_data_to_num(x);
-      rb_ary_push(a, y);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Convert self to Array.
-  @overload to_a
-    @return [Array]
-*/
-static VALUE robject_to_a(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_loop_opt }, { sym_option } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { rb_cArray, 0 } }; // dummy?
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_to_a, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 3, 1, ain, aout };
-  return na_ndloop_cast_narray_to_rarray(&ndf, self, Qnil);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_fill(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char* p1;
-  ssize_t s1;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  VALUE x = lp->option;
-  dtype y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  y = m_num_to_data(x);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      SET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, y);
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      SET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, y);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Fill elements with other.
-  @overload fill other
-    @param [Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::RObject] self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_fill(VALUE self, VALUE val) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { OVERWRITE, 0 }, { sym_option } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_fill, FULL_LOOP, 2, 0, ain, 0 };
-
-  na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, val);
-  return self;
-}
-
-static VALUE format_robject(VALUE fmt, dtype* x) {
-  // fix-me
-  char s[48];
-  int n;
-
-  if (NIL_P(fmt)) {
-    n = m_sprintf(s, *x);
-    return rb_str_new(s, n);
-  }
-  return rb_funcall(fmt, '%', 1, m_data_to_num(*x));
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_format(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype* x;
-  VALUE y;
-  VALUE fmt = lp->option;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      x = (dtype*)(p1 + *idx1);
-      idx1++;
-      y = format_robject(fmt, x);
-      SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, VALUE, y);
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      x = (dtype*)p1;
-      p1 += s1;
-      y = format_robject(fmt, x);
-      SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, VALUE, y);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Format elements into strings.
-  @overload format format
-    @param [String] format
-    @return [Numo::RObject] array of formatted strings.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_format(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
-  VALUE fmt = Qnil;
-
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_option } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cRObject, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_format, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &fmt);
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, fmt);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_format_to_a(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char* p1;
-  ssize_t s1;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype* x;
-  VALUE y;
-  volatile VALUE a;
-  VALUE fmt = lp->option;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  a = rb_ary_new2(i);
-  rb_ary_push(lp->args[1].value, a);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      x = (dtype*)(p1 + *idx1);
-      idx1++;
-      y = format_robject(fmt, x);
-      rb_ary_push(a, y);
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      x = (dtype*)p1;
-      p1 += s1;
-      y = format_robject(fmt, x);
-      rb_ary_push(a, y);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Format elements into strings.
-  @overload format_to_a format
-    @param [String] format
-    @return [Array] array of formatted strings.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_format_to_a(int argc, VALUE* argv, VALUE self) {
-  VALUE fmt = Qnil;
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[3] = { { Qnil, 0 }, { sym_loop_opt }, { sym_option } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { rb_cArray, 0 } }; // dummy?
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_format_to_a, FULL_LOOP_NIP, 3, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &fmt);
-  return na_ndloop_cast_narray_to_rarray(&ndf, self, fmt);
-}
-
-static VALUE iter_robject_inspect(char* ptr, size_t pos, VALUE fmt) {
-  return rb_inspect(*(VALUE*)(ptr + pos));
-}
-
-/*
-  Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of NArray.
-  @overload inspect
-    @return [String]
-*/
-static VALUE robject_inspect(VALUE ary) {
-  return na_ndloop_inspect(ary, iter_robject_inspect, Qnil);
-}
-
 static void iter_robject_each(na_loop_t* const lp) {
   size_t i, s1;
   char* p1;
@@ -1793,1983 +1673,101 @@ static VALUE robject_abs(VALUE self) {
   return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
 }
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_robject_add(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
+static void iter_robject_poly(na_loop_t* const lp) {
+  size_t i;
+  dtype x, y, a;
 
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_add(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_add(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_add(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_add(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_add(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
+  x = *(dtype*)(lp->args[0].ptr + lp->args[0].iter[0].pos);
+  i = lp->narg - 2;
+  y = *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos);
+  for (; --i;) {
+    y = m_mul(x, y);
+    a = *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos);
+    y = m_add(y, a);
   }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_add_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_add, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
+  i = lp->narg - 1;
+  *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos) = y;
 }
 
 /*
-  Binary add.
-  @overload + other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self + other
+  Calculate polynomial.
+    `x.poly(a0,a1,a2,...,an) = a0 + a1*x + a2*x**2 + ... + an*x**n`
+  @overload poly a0, a1, ..., an
+    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a0,a1,...,an
+    @return [Numo::RObject]
 */
-static VALUE robject_add(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_add_self(self, other);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_robject_sub(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
+static VALUE robject_poly(VALUE self, VALUE args) {
+  int argc, i;
+  VALUE* argv;
+  volatile VALUE v, a;
+  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
+  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_poly, NO_LOOP, 0, 1, 0, aout };
 
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_sub(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_sub(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_sub(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_sub(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_sub(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
+  argc = (int)RARRAY_LEN(args);
+  ndf.nin = argc + 1;
+  ndf.ain = ALLOCA_N(ndfunc_arg_in_t, argc + 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < argc + 1; i++) {
+    ndf.ain[i].type = cT;
   }
-
-  return;
-  //
+  argv = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, argc + 1);
+  argv[0] = self;
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    argv[i + 1] = RARRAY_PTR(args)[i];
+  }
+  a = rb_ary_new4(argc + 1, argv);
+  v = na_ndloop2(&ndf, a);
+  return robject_extract(v);
 }
-#undef check_intdivzero
 
-static VALUE robject_sub_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_sub, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
+void Init_numo_robject(void) {
+  VALUE hCast, mNumo;
 
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
+  mNumo = rb_define_module("Numo");
 
-/*
-  Binary sub.
-  @overload - other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self - other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_sub(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_sub_self(self, other);
-}
+  id_ne = rb_intern("!=");
+  id_pow = rb_intern("**");
+  id_minus = rb_intern("-@");
+  id_lt = rb_intern("<");
+  id_left_shift = rb_intern("<<");
+  id_le = rb_intern("<=");
+  id_ufo = rb_intern("<=>");
+  id_eq = rb_intern("==");
+  id_gt = rb_intern(">");
+  id_ge = rb_intern(">=");
+  id_right_shift = rb_intern(">>");
+  id_abs = rb_intern("abs");
+  id_bit_and = rb_intern("bit_and");
+  id_bit_not = rb_intern("bit_not");
+  id_bit_or = rb_intern("bit_or");
+  id_bit_xor = rb_intern("bit_xor");
+  id_cast = rb_intern("cast");
+  id_ceil = rb_intern("ceil");
+  id_copysign = rb_intern("copysign");
+  id_divmod = rb_intern("divmod");
+  id_finite_p = rb_intern("finite?");
+  id_floor = rb_intern("floor");
+  id_infinite_p = rb_intern("infinite?");
+  id_mulsum = rb_intern("mulsum");
+  id_nan = rb_intern("nan");
+  id_nan_p = rb_intern("nan?");
+  id_nearly_eq = rb_intern("nearly_eq");
+  id_reciprocal = rb_intern("reciprocal");
+  id_round = rb_intern("round");
+  id_square = rb_intern("square");
+  id_to_a = rb_intern("to_a");
+  id_truncate = rb_intern("truncate");
 
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
+  /**
+   * Document-class: Numo::RObject
+   *
+   * Ruby object N-dimensional array class.
+   */
+  cT = rb_define_class_under(mNumo, "RObject", cNArray);
 
-static void iter_robject_mul(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_mul(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_mul(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_mul(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_mul(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_mul(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_mul_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_mul, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary mul.
-  @overload * other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self * other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_mul_self(self, other);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  if ((y) == 0) {                                                                              \
-    lp->err_type = rb_eZeroDivError;                                                           \
-    return;                                                                                    \
-  }
-
-static void iter_robject_div(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_div(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_div(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_div(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_div(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_div(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_div_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_div, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary div.
-  @overload / other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self / other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_div(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_div_self(self, other);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  if ((y) == 0) {                                                                              \
-    lp->err_type = rb_eZeroDivError;                                                           \
-    return;                                                                                    \
-  }
-
-static void iter_robject_mod(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_mod(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_mod(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_mod(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_mod(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_mod(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_mod_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_mod, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary mod.
-  @overload % other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self % other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_mod(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_mod_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_divmod(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3, *p4;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3, s4;
-  dtype x, y, a, b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 3, p4, s4);
-  for (i = n; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    if (y == 0) {
-      lp->err_type = rb_eZeroDivError;
-      return;
-    }
-    m_divmod(x, y, a, b);
-    SET_DATA_STRIDE(p3, s3, dtype, a);
-    SET_DATA_STRIDE(p4, s4, dtype, b);
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_divmod_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_divmod, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 2, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary divmod.
-  @overload divmod other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] divmod of self and other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_divmod(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_divmod_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_pow(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    x = m_pow(x, y);
-    SET_DATA_STRIDE(p3, s3, dtype, x);
-  }
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_pow_int32(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x;
-  int32_t y;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, int32_t, y);
-    x = m_pow_int(x, y);
-    SET_DATA_STRIDE(p3, s3, dtype, x);
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_pow_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain_i[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { numo_cInt32, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_pow, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-  ndfunc_t ndf_i = { iter_robject_pow_int32, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain_i, aout };
-
-  // fixme : use na.integer?
-  if (FIXNUM_P(other) || rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, numo_cInt32)) {
-    return na_ndloop(&ndf_i, 2, self, other);
-  } else {
-    return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary power.
-  @overload ** other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self to the other-th power.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_pow(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_pow_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_minus(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_minus(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_minus(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_minus(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_minus(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary minus.
-  @overload -@
-    @return [Numo::RObject] minus of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_minus(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_minus, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_reciprocal(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_reciprocal(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_reciprocal(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_reciprocal(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_reciprocal(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary reciprocal.
-  @overload reciprocal
-    @return [Numo::RObject] reciprocal of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_reciprocal(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_reciprocal, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_sign(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_sign(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_sign(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_sign(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_sign(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary sign.
-  @overload sign
-    @return [Numo::RObject] sign of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_sign(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_sign, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_square(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_square(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_square(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_square(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_square(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary square.
-  @overload square
-    @return [Numo::RObject] square of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_square(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_square, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_eq(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a3;
-  size_t p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 2, a3, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    b = (m_eq(x, y)) ? 1 : 0;
-    STORE_BIT(a3, p3, b);
-    p3 += s3;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_eq_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_eq, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Comparison eq other.
-  @overload eq other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self eq other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_eq_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_ne(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a3;
-  size_t p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 2, a3, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    b = (m_ne(x, y)) ? 1 : 0;
-    STORE_BIT(a3, p3, b);
-    p3 += s3;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_ne_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_ne, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Comparison ne other.
-  @overload ne other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ne other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_ne(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_ne_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_nearly_eq(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a3;
-  size_t p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 2, a3, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    b = (m_nearly_eq(x, y)) ? 1 : 0;
-    STORE_BIT(a3, p3, b);
-    p3 += s3;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_nearly_eq_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_nearly_eq, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Comparison nearly_eq other.
-  @overload nearly_eq other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self nearly_eq other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_nearly_eq(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_nearly_eq_self(self, other);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_robject_bit_and(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_bit_and(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_bit_and(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_bit_and(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_bit_and(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_bit_and(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_bit_and_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_bit_and, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary bit_and.
-  @overload & other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self & other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_bit_and(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_bit_and_self(self, other);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_robject_bit_or(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_bit_or(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_bit_or(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_bit_or(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_bit_or(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_bit_or(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_bit_or_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_bit_or, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary bit_or.
-  @overload | other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self | other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_bit_or(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_bit_or_self(self, other);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_robject_bit_xor(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_bit_xor(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_bit_xor(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_bit_xor(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_bit_xor(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_bit_xor(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_bit_xor_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_bit_xor, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary bit_xor.
-  @overload ^ other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self ^ other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_bit_xor(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_bit_xor_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_bit_not(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_bit_not(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_bit_not(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_bit_not(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_bit_not(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary bit_not.
-  @overload ~
-    @return [Numo::RObject] bit_not of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_bit_not(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_bit_not, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_robject_left_shift(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_left_shift(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_left_shift(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_left_shift(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_left_shift(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_left_shift(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_left_shift_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_left_shift, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary left_shift.
-  @overload << other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self << other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_left_shift(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_left_shift_self(self, other);
-}
-
-#define check_intdivzero(y)                                                                    \
-  {}
-
-static void iter_robject_right_shift(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i = 0;
-  size_t n;
-  char *p1, *p2, *p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 2, p3, s3);
-
-  //
-
-  if (s2 == 0) { // Broadcasting from scalar value.
-    check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-    if (s1 == sizeof(dtype) && s3 == sizeof(dtype)) {
-      if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p1)[i] = m_right_shift(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      } else {
-        for (; i < n; i++) {
-          ((dtype*)p3)[i] = m_right_shift(((dtype*)p1)[i], *(dtype*)p2);
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_right_shift(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (p1 == p3) { // inplace case
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p1 = m_right_shift(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        check_intdivzero(*(dtype*)p2);
-        *(dtype*)p3 = m_right_shift(*(dtype*)p1, *(dtype*)p2);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-        p3 += s3;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  return;
-  //
-}
-#undef check_intdivzero
-
-static VALUE robject_right_shift_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_right_shift, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Binary right_shift.
-  @overload >> other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::NArray] self >> other
-*/
-static VALUE robject_right_shift(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_right_shift_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_floor(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_floor(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_floor(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_floor(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_floor(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary floor.
-  @overload floor
-    @return [Numo::RObject] floor of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_floor(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_floor, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_round(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_round(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_round(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_round(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_round(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary round.
-  @overload round
-    @return [Numo::RObject] round of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_round(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_round, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_ceil(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_ceil(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_ceil(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_ceil(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_ceil(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary ceil.
-  @overload ceil
-    @return [Numo::RObject] ceil of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_ceil(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_ceil, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_trunc(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i, n;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t *idx1, *idx2;
-  dtype x;
-
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, n);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 1, p2, s2, idx2);
-
-  if (idx1) {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_trunc(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_trunc(x);
-        SET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (idx2) {
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-        x = m_trunc(x);
-        SET_DATA_INDEX(p2, idx2, dtype, x);
-      }
-    } else {
-      //
-      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        *(dtype*)p2 = m_trunc(*(dtype*)p1);
-        p1 += s1;
-        p2 += s2;
-      }
-      return;
-      //
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Unary trunc.
-  @overload trunc
-    @return [Numo::RObject] trunc of self.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_trunc(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_trunc, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_gt(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a3;
-  size_t p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 2, a3, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    b = (m_gt(x, y)) ? 1 : 0;
-    STORE_BIT(a3, p3, b);
-    p3 += s3;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_gt_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_gt, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Comparison gt other.
-  @overload gt other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self gt other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_gt(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_gt_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_ge(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a3;
-  size_t p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 2, a3, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    b = (m_ge(x, y)) ? 1 : 0;
-    STORE_BIT(a3, p3, b);
-    p3 += s3;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_ge_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_ge, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Comparison ge other.
-  @overload ge other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ge other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_ge(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_ge_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_lt(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a3;
-  size_t p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 2, a3, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    b = (m_lt(x, y)) ? 1 : 0;
-    STORE_BIT(a3, p3, b);
-    p3 += s3;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_lt_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_lt, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Comparison lt other.
-  @overload lt other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self lt other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_lt(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_lt_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_le(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char *p1, *p2;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a3;
-  size_t p3;
-  ssize_t s1, s2, s3;
-  dtype x, y;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 0, p1, s1);
-  INIT_PTR(lp, 1, p2, s2);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 2, a3, p3, s3);
-  for (; i--;) {
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-    GET_DATA_STRIDE(p2, s2, dtype, y);
-    b = (m_le(x, y)) ? 1 : 0;
-    STORE_BIT(a3, p3, b);
-    p3 += s3;
-  }
-}
-
-static VALUE robject_le_self(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[2] = { { cT, 0 }, { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_le, STRIDE_LOOP, 2, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 2, self, other);
-}
-
-/*
-  Comparison le other.
-  @overload le other
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
-    @return [Numo::Bit] result of self le other.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_le(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
-  return robject_le_self(self, other);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_isnan(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char* p1;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a2;
-  size_t p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 1, a2, p2, s2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isnan(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isnan(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Condition of isnan.
-  @overload isnan
-    @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isnan.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_isnan(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_isnan, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_isinf(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char* p1;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a2;
-  size_t p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 1, a2, p2, s2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isinf(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isinf(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Condition of isinf.
-  @overload isinf
-    @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isinf.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_isinf(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_isinf, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_isposinf(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char* p1;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a2;
-  size_t p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 1, a2, p2, s2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isposinf(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isposinf(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Condition of isposinf.
-  @overload isposinf
-    @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isposinf.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_isposinf(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_isposinf, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_isneginf(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char* p1;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a2;
-  size_t p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 1, a2, p2, s2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isneginf(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isneginf(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Condition of isneginf.
-  @overload isneginf
-    @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isneginf.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_isneginf(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_isneginf, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_isfinite(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  char* p1;
-  BIT_DIGIT* a2;
-  size_t p2;
-  ssize_t s1, s2;
-  size_t* idx1;
-  dtype x;
-  BIT_DIGIT b;
-  INIT_COUNTER(lp, i);
-  INIT_PTR_IDX(lp, 0, p1, s1, idx1);
-  INIT_PTR_BIT(lp, 1, a2, p2, s2);
-  if (idx1) {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_INDEX(p1, idx1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isfinite(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (; i--;) {
-      GET_DATA_STRIDE(p1, s1, dtype, x);
-      b = (m_isfinite(x)) ? 1 : 0;
-      STORE_BIT(a2, p2, b);
-      p2 += s2;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-  Condition of isfinite.
-  @overload isfinite
-    @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isfinite.
-*/
-static VALUE robject_isfinite(VALUE self) {
-  ndfunc_arg_in_t ain[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { numo_cBit, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_isfinite, FULL_LOOP, 1, 1, ain, aout };
-
-  return na_ndloop(&ndf, 1, self);
-}
-
-static void iter_robject_poly(na_loop_t* const lp) {
-  size_t i;
-  dtype x, y, a;
-
-  x = *(dtype*)(lp->args[0].ptr + lp->args[0].iter[0].pos);
-  i = lp->narg - 2;
-  y = *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos);
-  for (; --i;) {
-    y = m_mul(x, y);
-    a = *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos);
-    y = m_add(y, a);
-  }
-  i = lp->narg - 1;
-  *(dtype*)(lp->args[i].ptr + lp->args[i].iter[0].pos) = y;
-}
-
-/*
-  Calculate polynomial.
-    `x.poly(a0,a1,a2,...,an) = a0 + a1*x + a2*x**2 + ... + an*x**n`
-  @overload poly a0, a1, ..., an
-    @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] a0,a1,...,an
-    @return [Numo::RObject]
-*/
-static VALUE robject_poly(VALUE self, VALUE args) {
-  int argc, i;
-  VALUE* argv;
-  volatile VALUE v, a;
-  ndfunc_arg_out_t aout[1] = { { cT, 0 } };
-  ndfunc_t ndf = { iter_robject_poly, NO_LOOP, 0, 1, 0, aout };
-
-  argc = (int)RARRAY_LEN(args);
-  ndf.nin = argc + 1;
-  ndf.ain = ALLOCA_N(ndfunc_arg_in_t, argc + 1);
-  for (i = 0; i < argc + 1; i++) {
-    ndf.ain[i].type = cT;
-  }
-  argv = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, argc + 1);
-  argv[0] = self;
-  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-    argv[i + 1] = RARRAY_PTR(args)[i];
-  }
-  a = rb_ary_new4(argc + 1, argv);
-  v = na_ndloop2(&ndf, a);
-  return robject_extract(v);
-}
-
-void Init_numo_robject(void) {
-  VALUE hCast, mNumo;
-
-  mNumo = rb_define_module("Numo");
-
-  id_ne = rb_intern("!=");
-  id_pow = rb_intern("**");
-  id_minus = rb_intern("-@");
-  id_lt = rb_intern("<");
-  id_left_shift = rb_intern("<<");
-  id_le = rb_intern("<=");
-  id_ufo = rb_intern("<=>");
-  id_eq = rb_intern("==");
-  id_gt = rb_intern(">");
-  id_ge = rb_intern(">=");
-  id_right_shift = rb_intern(">>");
-  id_abs = rb_intern("abs");
-  id_bit_and = rb_intern("bit_and");
-  id_bit_not = rb_intern("bit_not");
-  id_bit_or = rb_intern("bit_or");
-  id_bit_xor = rb_intern("bit_xor");
-  id_cast = rb_intern("cast");
-  id_ceil = rb_intern("ceil");
-  id_copysign = rb_intern("copysign");
-  id_divmod = rb_intern("divmod");
-  id_finite_p = rb_intern("finite?");
-  id_floor = rb_intern("floor");
-  id_infinite_p = rb_intern("infinite?");
-  id_mulsum = rb_intern("mulsum");
-  id_nan = rb_intern("nan");
-  id_nan_p = rb_intern("nan?");
-  id_nearly_eq = rb_intern("nearly_eq");
-  id_reciprocal = rb_intern("reciprocal");
-  id_round = rb_intern("round");
-  id_square = rb_intern("square");
-  id_to_a = rb_intern("to_a");
-  id_truncate = rb_intern("truncate");
-
-  /**
-   * Document-class: Numo::RObject
-   *
-   * Ruby object N-dimensional array class.
-   */
-  cT = rb_define_class_under(mNumo, "RObject", cNArray);
-
-  hCast = rb_hash_new();
-  /* Upcasting rules of RObject. */
-  rb_define_const(cT, "UPCAST", hCast);
-  rb_hash_aset(hCast, rb_cArray, cT);
+  hCast = rb_hash_new();
+  /* Upcasting rules of RObject. */
+  rb_define_const(cT, "UPCAST", hCast);
+  rb_hash_aset(hCast, rb_cArray, cT);
 
 #ifdef RUBY_INTEGER_UNIFICATION
   rb_hash_aset(hCast, rb_cInteger, cT);
@@ -3815,49 +1813,241 @@ void Init_numo_robject(void) {
   rb_define_singleton_method(cT, "cast", robject_s_cast, 1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "[]", robject_aref, -1);
   rb_define_method(cT, "[]=", robject_aset, -1);
+  /**
+   * return NArray with cast to the type of self.
+   * @overload coerce_cast(type)
+   *   @return [nil]
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "coerce_cast", robject_coerce_cast, 1);
+  /**
+   * Convert self to Array.
+   * @overload to_a
+   *   @return [Array]
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "to_a", robject_to_a, 0);
+  /**
+   * Fill elements with other.
+   * @overload fill other
+   *   @param [Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "fill", robject_fill, 1);
+  /**
+   * Format elements into strings.
+   * @overload format format
+   *   @param [String] format
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] array of formatted strings.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "format", robject_format, -1);
+  /**
+   * Format elements into strings.
+   * @overload format_to_a format
+   *   @param [String] format
+   *   @return [Array] array of formatted strings.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "format_to_a", robject_format_to_a, -1);
+  /**
+   * Returns a string containing a human-readable representation of NArray.
+   * @overload inspect
+   *   @return [String]
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "inspect", robject_inspect, 0);
   rb_define_method(cT, "each", robject_each, 0);
   rb_define_method(cT, "map", robject_map, 0);
   rb_define_method(cT, "each_with_index", robject_each_with_index, 0);
   rb_define_method(cT, "map_with_index", robject_map_with_index, 0);
   rb_define_method(cT, "abs", robject_abs, 0);
+  /**
+   * Binary add.
+   * @overload + other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self + other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "+", robject_add, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary sub.
+   * @overload - other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self - other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "-", robject_sub, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary mul.
+   * @overload * other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self * other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "*", robject_mul, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary div.
+   * @overload / other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self / other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "/", robject_div, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary mod.
+   * @overload % other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self % other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "%", robject_mod, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary divmod.
+   * @overload divmod other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] divmod of self and other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "divmod", robject_divmod, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary power.
+   * @overload ** other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self to the other-th power.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "**", robject_pow, 1);
   rb_define_alias(cT, "pow", "**");
+  /**
+   * Unary minus.
+   * @overload -@
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] minus of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "-@", robject_minus, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary reciprocal.
+   * @overload reciprocal
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] reciprocal of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "reciprocal", robject_reciprocal, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary sign.
+   * @overload sign
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] sign of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "sign", robject_sign, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary square.
+   * @overload square
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] square of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "square", robject_square, 0);
   rb_define_alias(cT, "conj", "view");
   rb_define_alias(cT, "im", "view");
   rb_define_alias(cT, "conjugate", "conj");
+  /**
+   * Comparison eq other.
+   * @overload eq other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] result of self eq other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "eq", robject_eq, 1);
+  /**
+   * Comparison ne other.
+   * @overload ne other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ne other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "ne", robject_ne, 1);
+  /**
+   * Comparison nearly_eq other.
+   * @overload nearly_eq other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] result of self nearly_eq other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "nearly_eq", robject_nearly_eq, 1);
   rb_define_alias(cT, "close_to", "nearly_eq");
+  /**
+   * Binary bit_and.
+   * @overload & other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self & other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "&", robject_bit_and, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary bit_or.
+   * @overload | other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self | other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "|", robject_bit_or, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary bit_xor.
+   * @overload ^ other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self ^ other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "^", robject_bit_xor, 1);
+  /**
+   * Unary bit_not.
+   * @overload ~
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] bit_not of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "~", robject_bit_not, 0);
+  /**
+   * Binary left_shift.
+   * @overload << other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self << other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "<<", robject_left_shift, 1);
+  /**
+   * Binary right_shift.
+   * @overload >> other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::NArray] self >> other
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, ">>", robject_right_shift, 1);
+  /**
+   * Unary floor.
+   * @overload floor
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] floor of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "floor", robject_floor, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary round.
+   * @overload round
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] round of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "round", robject_round, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary ceil.
+   * @overload ceil
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] ceil of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "ceil", robject_ceil, 0);
+  /**
+   * Unary trunc.
+   * @overload trunc
+   *   @return [Numo::RObject] trunc of self.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "trunc", robject_trunc, 0);
+  /**
+   * Comparison gt other.
+   * @overload gt other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] result of self gt other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "gt", robject_gt, 1);
+  /**
+   * Comparison ge other.
+   * @overload ge other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] result of self ge other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "ge", robject_ge, 1);
+  /**
+   * Comparison lt other.
+   * @overload lt other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] result of self lt other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "lt", robject_lt, 1);
+  /**
+   * Comparison le other.
+   * @overload le other
+   *   @param [Numo::NArray,Numeric] other
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] result of self le other.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "le", robject_le, 1);
   rb_define_alias(cT, ">", "gt");
   rb_define_alias(cT, ">=", "ge");
@@ -3894,10 +2084,35 @@ void Init_numo_robject(void) {
    *     # [3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8]
    */
   rb_define_method(cT, "clip", robject_clip, 2);
+  /**
+   * Condition of isnan.
+   * @overload isnan
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isnan.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "isnan", robject_isnan, 0);
+  /**
+   * Condition of isinf.
+   * @overload isinf
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isinf.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "isinf", robject_isinf, 0);
+  /**
+   * Condition of isposinf.
+   * @overload isposinf
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isposinf.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "isposinf", robject_isposinf, 0);
+  /**
+   * Condition of isneginf.
+   * @overload isneginf
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isneginf.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "isneginf", robject_isneginf, 0);
+  /**
+   * Condition of isfinite.
+   * @overload isfinite
+   *   @return [Numo::Bit] Condition of isfinite.
+   */
   rb_define_method(cT, "isfinite", robject_isfinite, 0);
   /**
    * sum of self.