nuggets 0.9.9 → 1.0.0

data/lib/nuggets/array/runiq.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+require 'nuggets/array/runiq_mixin'
+
+class Array
+  include Nuggets::Array::RuniqMixin
+end

data/lib/nuggets/array/runiq_mixin.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#--
+###############################################################################
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets -- Extending Ruby                                                   #
+#                                                                             #
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Jens Wille                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# Authors:                                                                    #
+#     Jens Wille <jens.wille@gmail.com>                                       #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
+# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free #
+# Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)   #
+# any later version.                                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS   #
+# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for     #
+# more details.                                                               #
+#                                                                             #
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License    #
+# along with nuggets. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
+#                                                                             #
+###############################################################################
+#++
+
+module Nuggets
+  class Array
+    module RuniqMixin
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.runiq => an_array
+  #
+  # Reverse #uniq.
+  def runiq
+    reverse.uniq.reverse
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.runiq! => an_array or +nil+
+  #
+  # Reverse #uniq!.
+  def runiq!
+    reverse!
+    res = uniq!
+    reverse!
+    res && self
+  end
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/nuggets/array/shuffle.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#--
+###############################################################################
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets -- Extending Ruby                                                   #
+#                                                                             #
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Jens Wille                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# Authors:                                                                    #
+#     Jens Wille <jens.wille@gmail.com>                                       #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
+# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free #
+# Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)   #
+# any later version.                                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS   #
+# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for     #
+# more details.                                                               #
+#                                                                             #
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License    #
+# along with nuggets. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
+#                                                                             #
+###############################################################################
+#++
+
+class Array
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.shuffle => new_array
+  #
+  # Shuffles _array_ in random order. Select a different shuffling algorithm:
+  # <tt>Array.send(:alias_method, :shuffle, :shuffle_kfy)</tt>.
+  def shuffle
+    sort_by { ::Kernel.rand }
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.shuffle_knuth => new_array
+  #
+  # Non-destructive version of #shuffle_knuth!.
+  def shuffle_knuth
+    dup.shuffle_knuth!
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.shuffle_kfy => new_array
+  #
+  # Non-destructive version of #shuffle_kfy!.
+  def shuffle_kfy
+    dup.shuffle_kfy!
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.shuffle! => array
+  #
+  # Destructive version of #shuffle.
+  def shuffle!
+    replace shuffle
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.shuffle_knuth! => array
+  #
+  # Shuffles _array_ in random order using Knuth's algorithm.
+  def shuffle_knuth!
+    0.upto(length - 2) { |i|
+      n = i + rand(length - i)
+      self[i], self[n] = self[n], self[i]
+    }
+
+    self
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.shuffle_kfy! => array
+  #
+  # Shuffles _array_ in random order using the Knuth-Fisher-Yates algorithm.
+  def shuffle_kfy!
+    (length - 1).downto(0) { |i|
+      n = rand(i + 1)
+      self[n], self[i] = self[i], self[n]
+    }
+
+    self
+  end
+
+end
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  a = %w[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]
+  p a
+
+  p a.shuffle
+  p a.shuffle
+
+  p a.shuffle_knuth
+  p a.shuffle_kfy
+
+  a.shuffle!
+  p a
+
+  require 'nuggets/integer/factorial'
+  require 'nuggets/enumerable/minmax'
+
+  a = %w[a b c]
+  n = 100_000
+  m = a.length.f!
+  e = n / m.to_f
+  puts '%d / %d / %d / %.2f' % [a.length, n, m, e]
+
+  algorithms = %w[shuffle shuffle_knuth shuffle_kfy]
+  max = algorithms.max(:length)
+
+  algorithms.each { |algorithm|
+    score = ::Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = 0 }
+
+    n.times {
+      score[a.send(algorithm)] += 1
+    }
+
+    x2 = 0
+    score.sort.each { |key, value|
+      x = value - e
+      y = x ** 2 / e
+      #puts '%s: %d (% .2f/%.2f)' % [key, value, x, y]
+
+      x2 += y
+    }
+    puts "%-#{max}s = %.2f (%.2f)" % [algorithm, x2, x2 / m]
+  }
+end

data/lib/nuggets/array/standard_deviation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+require 'nuggets/array/standard_deviation_mixin'
+
+class Array
+  include Nuggets::Array::StandardDeviationMixin
+end

data/lib/nuggets/array/standard_deviation_mixin.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#--
+###############################################################################
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets -- Extending Ruby                                                   #
+#                                                                             #
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Jens Wille                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# Authors:                                                                    #
+#     Jens Wille <jens.wille@gmail.com>                                       #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
+# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free #
+# Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)   #
+# any later version.                                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS   #
+# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for     #
+# more details.                                                               #
+#                                                                             #
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License    #
+# along with nuggets. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
+#                                                                             #
+###############################################################################
+#++
+
+require 'nuggets/array/variance_mixin'
+
+module Nuggets
+  class Array
+    module StandardDeviationMixin
+
+  def self.included(base)
+    base.send :include, Nuggets::Array::VarianceMixin
+  end
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.standard_deviation => aFloat
+  #
+  # Calculates the {standard deviation}[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation]
+  # of the values in _array_.
+  def standard_deviation(&block)
+    ::Math.sqrt(variance(&block))
+  end
+
+  alias_method :std, :standard_deviation
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/nuggets/array/to_hash.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#--
+###############################################################################
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets -- Extending Ruby                                                   #
+#                                                                             #
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Jens Wille                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# Authors:                                                                    #
+#     Jens Wille <jens.wille@gmail.com>                                       #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
+# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free #
+# Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)   #
+# any later version.                                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS   #
+# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for     #
+# more details.                                                               #
+#                                                                             #
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License    #
+# along with nuggets. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
+#                                                                             #
+###############################################################################
+#++
+
+require 'nuggets/array/flatten_once'
+
+class Array
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.to_hash => aHash
+  #   array.to_hash(value) => aHash
+  #   array.to_hash { |element| ... } => aHash
+  #
+  # If neither +value+ nor block is given, converts _array_, taken as an
+  # array of key/value pairs, into a hash, preserving sub-arrays (Thus:
+  # <tt>hash.to_a.to_h == hash</tt>). Otherwise, maps each element of
+  # _array_ to +value+ or the result of the block.
+  #
+  # Examples:
+  #   [[0, 0], [1, [2, 3]]].to_h  #=> { 0 => 0, 1 => [2, 3] }
+  #   %w[a b c d].to_h            #=> { "a" => "b", "c" => "d" }
+  #   %w[a b c d].to_h(1)         #=> { "a" => 1, "b" => 1, "c" => 1, "d" => 1 }
+  #   %w[a b].to_h { |e| e * 2 }  #=> { "a" => "aa", "b" => "bb" }
+  def to_hash(value = default = true)
+    hash = {}
+
+    if block_given?
+      raise ::ArgumentError, 'both block and value argument given' unless default
+
+      each { |element| hash[element] = yield element }
+    elsif !default
+      each { |element| hash[element] = value }
+    else
+      return ::Hash[*flatten_once]
+    end
+
+    hash
+  end
+
+  alias_method :to_h, :to_hash
+
+end

data/lib/nuggets/array/variance.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+require 'nuggets/array/variance_mixin'
+
+class Array
+  include Nuggets::Array::VarianceMixin
+end

data/lib/nuggets/array/variance_mixin.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#--
+###############################################################################
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets -- Extending Ruby                                                   #
+#                                                                             #
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Jens Wille                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# Authors:                                                                    #
+#     Jens Wille <jens.wille@gmail.com>                                       #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
+# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free #
+# Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)   #
+# any later version.                                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS   #
+# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for     #
+# more details.                                                               #
+#                                                                             #
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License    #
+# along with nuggets. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
+#                                                                             #
+###############################################################################
+#++
+
+module Nuggets
+  class Array
+    module VarianceMixin
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.variance => aFloat
+  #
+  # Calculates the variance[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance] of the
+  # values in _array_.
+  def variance
+    sx, sq = 0.0, 0.0
+
+    return sx if empty?
+
+    each { |x|
+      x = yield x if block_given?
+
+      sx += x
+      sq += x ** 2
+    }
+
+    (sq - sx ** 2 / size) / size
+  end
+
+  alias_method :var, :variance
+
+  # call-seq:
+  #   array.covariance => aFloat
+  #
+  # Calculates the covariance[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance] of
+  # the <tt>{x,y}</tt> pairs in _array_. If _array_ only contains values
+  # instead of pairs, +y+ will be the value and +x+ will be each value's
+  # position (rank) in _array_.
+  def covariance
+    sx, sy, sp = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
+
+    return sx if empty?
+
+    target = first.respond_to?(:to_ary) ? self :
+      self.class.new(size) { |i| [i + 1, at(i)] }
+
+    target.each { |x, y|
+      sx += x
+      sy += y
+      sp += x * y
+    }
+
+    (sp - sx * sy / size) / size
+  end
+
+  alias_method :cov, :covariance
+
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/nuggets/content_type.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#--
+###############################################################################
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets -- Extending Ruby                                                   #
+#                                                                             #
+# Copyright (C) 2007-2011 Jens Wille                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# Authors:                                                                    #
+#     Jens Wille <jens.wille@gmail.com>                                       #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
+# the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free #
+# Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)   #
+# any later version.                                                          #
+#                                                                             #
+# nuggets is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
+# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS   #
+# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for     #
+# more details.                                                               #
+#                                                                             #
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License    #
+# along with nuggets. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
+#                                                                             #
+###############################################################################
+#++
+
+begin
+  require 'filemagic/ext'
+rescue LoadError
+  def File.content_type(path)  # :nodoc:
+    nil
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  require 'nuggets/uri/content_type'
+rescue LoadError
+  module URI
+    def self.content_type(path)  # :nodoc:
+      nil
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+begin
+  require 'mime/types'
+rescue LoadError
+  module MIME    # :nodoc:
+    class Types  # :nodoc:
+      def self.of(path)
+        []
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Nuggets
+  module ContentType
+
+    extend self
+
+    # call-seq:
+    #   ContentType.of(path) => aString or +nil+
+    #
+    # Get the MIME-Type of the file living at +path+. Either by looking
+    # directly into the file (requires FileMagic), or, assuming +path+
+    # might denote a URI, by asking the web server (via OpenURI), or
+    # finally by just looking at the file extension (requires MIME::Types).
+    # Returns +nil+ in case no decision could be made.
+    #
+    # NOTE: This is really only useful with the filemagic and mime-types gems
+    # installed.
+    def of(path)
+      ::File.content_type(path) || ::URI.content_type(path) || (
+        t = ::MIME::Types.of(path).first and t.content_type
+      )
+    end
+
+  end
+end
+
+# Just a short-cut to make the code read nicer...
+ContentType = ::Nuggets::ContentType
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  [
+    __FILE__,
+    'bla/blub.jpg',
+    'bla/blub.blob',
+    'http://www.google.de',
+    'http://blackwinter.de/misc/ww.png',
+    'http://blackwinter.de/misc/ww.jpg',
+    'http://blackwinter.de/bla/blub.blob'
+  ].each { |f|
+    p [f, ::ContentType.of(f)]
+  }
+end