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nokogiri 1.4.4

42 security vulnerabilities found in version 1.4.4

Nokogiri Command Injection Vulnerability via Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer#load_file

critical severity CVE-2019-5477
critical severity CVE-2019-5477
Patched versions: >= 1.10.4

A command injection vulnerability in Nokogiri v1.10.3 and earlier allows commands to be executed in a subprocess by Ruby's Kernel.open method. Processes are vulnerable only if the undocumented method Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer#load_file is being passed untrusted user input.

This vulnerability appears in code generated by the Rexical gem versions v1.0.6 and earlier. Rexical is used by Nokogiri to generate lexical scanner code for parsing CSS queries. The underlying vulnerability was addressed in Rexical v1.0.7 and Nokogiri upgraded to this version of Rexical in Nokogiri v1.10.4.

Upgrade to Nokogiri v1.10.4, or avoid calling the undocumented method Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer#load_file with untrusted user input.

Nokogiri gem, via libxslt, is affected by improper access control vulnerability

critical severity CVE-2019-11068
critical severity CVE-2019-11068
Patched versions: >= 1.10.3

Nokogiri v1.10.3 has been released.

This is a security release. It addresses a CVE in upstream libxslt rated as "Priority: medium" by Canonical, and "NVD Severity: high" by Debian. More details are available below.

If you're using your distro's system libraries, rather than Nokogiri's vendored libraries, there's no security need to upgrade at this time, though you may want to check with your distro whether they've patched this (Canonical has patched Ubuntu packages). Note that this patch is not yet (as of 2019-04-22) in an upstream release of libxslt.

Full details about the security update are available in Github Issue [#1892] https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/1892.

CVE-2019-11068

Permalinks are:

Description:

libxslt through 1.1.33 allows bypass of a protection mechanism because callers of xsltCheckRead and xsltCheckWrite permit access even upon receiving a -1 error code. xsltCheckRead can return -1 for a crafted URL that is not actually invalid and is subsequently loaded.

Canonical rates this as "Priority: Medium".

Debian rates this as "NVD Severity: High (attack range: remote)".

Nokogiri gem contains several vulnerabilities in libxml2 and libxslt

critical severity CVE-2016-4658
critical severity CVE-2016-4658
Patched versions: >= 1.7.1

Nokogiri version 1.7.1 has been released, pulling in several upstream patches to the vendored libxml2 to address the following CVEs:

CVE-2016-4658 CVSS v3 Base Score: 9.8 (Critical) libxml2 in Apple iOS before 10, OS X before 10.12, tvOS before 10, and watchOS before 3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted XML document.

CVE-2016-5131 CVSS v3 Base Score: 8.8 (HIGH) Use-after-free vulnerability in libxml2 through 2.9.4, as used in Google Chrome before 52.0.2743.82, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to the XPointer range-to function.

Nokogiri Gem for JRuby XML Document Root Element Handling Memory Consumption Remote DoS

high severity OSVDB-118481
high severity OSVDB-118481
Patched versions: ~> 1.6.2.2, >= 1.6.3

Nokogiri Gem for JRuby contains a flaw that is triggered when handling a root element in an XML document. This may allow a remote attacker to cause a consumption of memory resources.

Out-of-bounds Write in zlib affects Nokogiri

high severity GHSA-v6gp-9mmm-c6p5
high severity GHSA-v6gp-9mmm-c6p5
Affected versions: < 1.13.4

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored zlib from 1.2.11 to 1.2.12, which addresses CVE-2018-25032. That CVE is scored as CVSS 7.4 "High" on the NVD record as of 2022-04-05.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4, and only if the packaged version of zlib is being used. Please see this document for a complete description of which platform gems vendor zlib. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's zlib release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.

Impact

CVE-2018-25032 in zlib

  • Severity: High
  • Type: CWE-787 Out of bounds write
  • Description: zlib before 1.2.12 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.

Denial of Service (DoS) in Nokogiri on JRuby

high severity GHSA-gx8x-g87m-h5q6
high severity GHSA-gx8x-g87m-h5q6
Affected versions: < 1.13.4

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored org.cyberneko.html library to 1.9.22.noko2 which addresses CVE-2022-24839. That CVE is rated 7.5 (High Severity).

See GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv for more information.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.

Impact

CVE-2022-24839 in nekohtml

  • Severity: High 7.5
  • Type: CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • Description: The fork of org.cyberneko.html used by Nokogiri (Rubygem) raises a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError exception when parsing ill-formed HTML markup.
  • See also: GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv

Vulnerable dependencies in Nokogiri

high severity GHSA-fq42-c5rg-92c2
high severity GHSA-fq42-c5rg-92c2
Affected versions: < 1.13.2

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.2 upgrades two of its packaged dependencies:

  • vendored libxml2 from v2.9.12 to v2.9.13
  • vendored libxslt from v1.1.34 to v1.1.35

Those library versions address the following upstream CVEs:

Those library versions also address numerous other issues including performance improvements, regression fixes, and bug fixes, as well as memory leaks and other use-after-free issues that were not assigned CVEs.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.2, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 and libxslt release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.2.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link an older version Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.9.13 and libxslt >= 1.1.35, which will also address these same CVEs.

Impact

libxslt CVE-2021-30560

All versions of libxslt prior to v1.1.35 are affected.

Applications using untrusted XSL stylesheets to transform XML are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack and should be upgraded immediately.

libxml2 CVE-2022-23308

The upstream commit and the explanation linked above indicate that an application may be vulnerable to a denial of service, memory disclosure, or code execution if it parses an untrusted document with parse options DTDVALID set to true, and NOENT set to false.

An analysis of these parse options:

  • While NOENT is off by default for Document, DocumentFragment, Reader, and Schema parsing, it is on by default for XSLT (stylesheet) parsing in Nokogiri v1.12.0 and later.
  • DTDVALID is an option that Nokogiri does not set for any operations, and so this CVE applies only to applications setting this option explicitly.

It seems reasonable to assume that any application explicitly setting the parse option DTDVALID when parsing untrusted documents is vulnerable and should be upgraded immediately.

Integer Overflow or Wraparound in libxml2 affects Nokogiri

high severity GHSA-cgx6-hpwq-fhv5
high severity GHSA-cgx6-hpwq-fhv5
Patched versions: >= 1.13.5

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.5 upgrades the packaged version of its dependency libxml2 from v2.9.13 to v2.9.14.

libxml2 v2.9.14 addresses CVE-2022-29824. This version also includes several security-related bug fixes for which CVEs were not created, including a potential double-free, potential memory leaks, and integer-overflow.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.5, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 and libxslt release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.5.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.9.14 which will also address these same issues.

Impact

libxml2 CVE-2022-29824

  • CVSS3 score:
  • Type: Denial of service, information disclosure
  • Description: In libxml2 before 2.9.14, several buffer handling functions in buf.c (xmlBuf*) and tree.c (xmlBuffer*) don't check for integer overflows. This can result in out-of-bounds memory writes. Exploitation requires a victim to open a crafted, multi-gigabyte XML file. Other software using libxml2's buffer functions, for example libxslt through 1.1.35, is affected as well.
  • Fixed: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/2554a24

All versions of libml2 prior to v2.9.14 are affected.

Applications parsing or serializing multi-gigabyte documents (in excess of INT_MAX bytes) may be vulnerable to an integer overflow bug in buffer handling that could lead to exposure of confidential data, modification of unrelated data, or a segmentation fault resulting in a denial-of-service.

References

Update packaged dependency libxml2 from 2.9.10 to 2.9.12

high severity GHSA-7rrm-v45f-jp64
high severity GHSA-7rrm-v45f-jp64
Patched versions: >= 1.11.4

Summary

Nokogiri v1.11.4 updates the vendored libxml2 from v2.9.10 to v2.9.12 which addresses:

Note that two additional CVEs were addressed upstream but are not relevant to this release. CVE-2021-3516 via xmllint is not present in Nokogiri, and CVE-2020-7595 has been patched in Nokogiri since v1.10.8 (see #1992).

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.11.4, and only if the packaged version of libxml2 is being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.11.4.

Impact

I've done a brief analysis of the published CVEs that are addressed in this upstream release. The libxml2 maintainers have not released a canonical set of CVEs, and so this list is pieced together from secondary sources and may be incomplete.

All information below is sourced from security.archlinux.org, which appears to have the most up-to-date information as of this analysis.

CVE-2019-20388

Verified that the fix commit first appears in v2.9.11. It seems possible that this issue would be present in programs using Nokogiri < v1.11.4.

CVE-2020-7595

This has been patched in Nokogiri since v1.10.8 (see #1992).

CVE-2020-24977

Verified that the fix commit first appears in v2.9.11. It seems possible that this issue would be present in programs using Nokogiri < v1.11.4.

CVE-2021-3516

Verified that the fix commit first appears in v2.9.11. This vector does not exist within Nokogiri, which does not ship xmllint.

CVE-2021-3517

Verified that the fix commit first appears in v2.9.11. It seems possible that this issue would be present in programs using Nokogiri < v1.11.4.

CVE-2021-3518

Verified that the fix commit first appears in v2.9.11. It seems possible that this issue would be present in programs using Nokogiri < v1.11.4.

CVE-2021-3537

Verified that the fix commit first appears in v2.9.11. It seems possible that this issue would be present in programs using Nokogiri < v1.11.4.

CVE-2021-3541

Verified that the fix commit first appears in v2.9.11. It seems possible that this issue would be present in programs using Nokogiri < v1.11.4, however Nokogiri's default parse options prevent the attack from succeeding (it is necessary to opt into DTDLOAD which is off by default).

For more details supporting this analysis of this CVE, please visit #2233.

Improper Handling of Unexpected Data Type in Nokogiri

high severity CVE-2022-29181
high severity CVE-2022-29181
Patched versions: >= 1.13.6

Summary

Nokogiri < v1.13.6 does not type-check all inputs into the XML and HTML4 SAX parsers. For CRuby users, this may allow specially crafted untrusted inputs to cause illegal memory access errors (segfault) or reads from unrelated memory.

Severity

The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as High 8.2 (CVSS3.1).

Mitigation

CRuby users should upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.6.

JRuby users are not affected.

Workarounds

To avoid this vulnerability in affected applications, ensure the untrusted input is a String by calling #to_s or equivalent.

Denial of Service (DoS) in Nokogiri on JRuby

high severity CVE-2022-24839
high severity CVE-2022-24839
Patched versions: >= 1.13.4

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored org.cyberneko.html library to 1.9.22.noko2 which addresses CVE-2022-24839. That CVE is rated 7.5 (High Severity).

See GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv for more information.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.

Impact

CVE-2022-24839 in nekohtml

  • Severity: High 7.5
  • Type: CWE-400 Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • Description: The fork of org.cyberneko.html used by Nokogiri (Rubygem) raises a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError exception when parsing ill-formed HTML markup.
  • See also: GHSA-9849-p7jc-9rmv

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in Nokogiri

high severity CVE-2022-24836
high severity CVE-2022-24836
Patched versions: >= 1.13.4

Summary

Nokogiri < v1.13.4 contains an inefficient regular expression that is susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to detect encoding in HTML documents.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.

Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference (XXE) in Nokogiri on JRuby

high severity CVE-2021-41098
high severity CVE-2021-41098
Patched versions: >= 1.12.5

Severity

The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as High Severity 7.5 (CVSS3.0) for JRuby users. (This security advisory does not apply to CRuby users.)

Impact

In Nokogiri v1.12.4 and earlier, on JRuby only, the SAX parser resolves external entities by default.

Users of Nokogiri on JRuby who parse untrusted documents using any of these classes are affected:

  • Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Parser
  • Nokogiri::HTML4::SAX::Parser or its alias Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::Parser
  • Nokogiri::XML::SAX::PushParser
  • Nokogiri::HTML4::SAX::PushParser or its alias Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::PushParser

Mitigation

JRuby users should upgrade to Nokogiri v1.12.5 or later. There are no workarounds available for v1.12.4 or earlier.

CRuby users are not affected.

Nokogiri Implements libxml2 version vulnerable to use-after-free

high severity CVE-2021-3518
high severity CVE-2021-3518
Patched versions: >= 1.11.4

There's a flaw in libxml2 in versions before 2.9.11. An attacker who is able to submit a crafted file to be processed by an application linked with libxml2 could trigger a use-after-free. The greatest impact from this flaw is to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Nokogiri contains libxml Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability

high severity CVE-2021-3517
high severity CVE-2021-3517
Patched versions: >= 1.11.4

There is a flaw in the xml entity encoding functionality of libxml2 in versions before 2.9.11. An attacker who is able to supply a crafted file to be processed by an application linked with the affected functionality of libxml2 could trigger an out-of-bounds read. The most likely impact of this flaw is to application availability, with some potential impact to confidentiality and integrity if an attacker is able to use memory information to further exploit the application.

Nokogiri prior to version 1.11.4 used a vulnerable version of libxml2. Nokogiri 1.11.4 updated libxml2 to version 2.9.11 to address this and other vulnerabilities in libxml2.

Update packaged libxml2 (2.9.12 → 2.9.13) and libxslt (1.1.34 → 1.1.35)

high severity CVE-2021-30560
high severity CVE-2021-30560
Patched versions: >= 1.13.2

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.2 upgrades two of its packaged dependencies:

  • vendored libxml2 from v2.9.12 to v2.9.13
  • vendored libxslt from v1.1.34 to v1.1.35

Those library versions address the following upstream CVEs:

  • libxslt: CVE-2021-30560 (CVSS 8.8, High severity)
  • libxml2: CVE-2022-23308 (Unspecified severity, see more information below)

Those library versions also address numerous other issues including performance improvements, regression fixes, and bug fixes, as well as memory leaks and other use-after-free issues that were not assigned CVEs.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.2, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 and libxslt release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.2.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link an older version Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.9.13 and libxslt >= 1.1.35, which will also address these same CVEs.

Impact

  • libxslt CVE-2021-30560
  • CVSS3 score: 8.8 (High)

Fixed by https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/-/commit/50f9c9c

All versions of libxslt prior to v1.1.35 are affected.

Applications using untrusted XSL stylesheets to transform XML are vulnerable to a denial-of-service attack and should be upgraded immediately.

libxml2 CVE-2022-23308

The upstream commit and the explanation linked above indicate that an application may be vulnerable to a denial of service, memory disclosure, or code execution if it parses an untrusted document with parse options DTDVALID set to true, and NOENT set to false.

An analysis of these parse options:

  • While NOENT is off by default for Document, DocumentFragment, Reader, and Schema parsing, it is on by default for XSLT (stylesheet) parsing in Nokogiri v1.12.0 and later.
  • DTDVALID is an option that Nokogiri does not set for any operations, and so this CVE applies only to applications setting this option explicitly.

It seems reasonable to assume that any application explicitly setting the parse option DTDVALID when parsing untrusted documents is vulnerable and should be upgraded immediately.

libxml2 2.9.10 has an infinite loop in a certain end-of-file situation

high severity CVE-2020-7595
high severity CVE-2020-7595
Patched versions: >= 1.10.8

Nokogiri has backported the patch for CVE-2020-7595 into its vendored version of libxml2, and released this as v1.10.8

CVE-2020-7595 has not yet been addressed in an upstream libxml2 release, and so Nokogiri versions <= v1.10.7 are vulnerable.

Nokogiri implementation of libxslt vulnerable to heap corruption

high severity CVE-2019-5815
high severity CVE-2019-5815
Patched versions: >= 1.10.5

Type confusion in xsltNumberFormatGetMultipleLevel prior to libxslt 1.1.33 could allow attackers to potentially exploit heap corruption via crafted XML data.

Nokogiri prior to version 1.10.5 contains a vulnerable version of libxslt. Nokogiri version 1.10.5 upgrades the dependency to libxslt 1.1.34, which contains a patch for this issue.

Nokogiri affected by libxslt Use of Uninitialized Resource/ Use After Free vulnerability

high severity CVE-2019-18197
high severity CVE-2019-18197
Patched versions: >= 1.10.5

In xsltCopyText in transform.c in libxslt 1.1.33, a pointer variable isn't reset under certain circumstances. If the relevant memory area happened to be freed and reused in a certain way, a bounds check could fail and memory outside a buffer could be written to, or uninitialized data could be disclosed.

Nokogiri prior to version 1.10.5 contains a vulnerable version of libxslt. Nokogiri version 1.10.5 upgrades the dependency to libxslt 1.1.34, which contains a patch for this issue.

libxslt Type Confusion vulnerability that affects Nokogiri

high severity CVE-2019-13118
high severity CVE-2019-13118
Patched versions: >= 1.10.5

In numbers.c in libxslt 1.1.33, a type holding grouping characters of an xsl:number instruction was too narrow and an invalid character/length combination could be passed to xsltNumberFormatDecimal, leading to a read of uninitialized stack data.

Nokogiri prior to version 1.10.5 used a vulnerable version of libxslt. Nokogiri 1.10.5 updated libxslt to version 1.1.34 to address this and other vulnerabilities in libxslt.

Nokogiri gem, via libxslt, is affected by multiple vulnerabilities

high severity CVE-2019-13117
high severity CVE-2019-13117
Patched versions: >= 1.10.5

Nokogiri v1.10.5 has been released.

This is a security release. It addresses three CVEs in upstream libxml2, for which details are below.

If you're using your distro's system libraries, rather than Nokogiri's vendored libraries, there's no security need to upgrade at this time, though you may want to check with your distro whether they've patched this (Canonical has patched Ubuntu packages). Note that libxslt 1.1.34 addresses these vulnerabilities.

Full details about the security update are available in Github Issue [#1943] https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/1943.

CVE-2019-13117

https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2019/CVE-2019-13117.html

Priority: Low

Description: In numbers.c in libxslt 1.1.33, an xsl:number with certain format strings could lead to a uninitialized read in xsltNumberFormatInsertNumbers. This could allow an attacker to discern whether a byte on the stack contains the characters A, a, I, i, or 0, or any other character.

Patched with commit https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/commit/c5eb6cf3aba0af048596106ed839b4ae17ecbcb1

CVE-2019-13118

https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2019/CVE-2019-13118.html

Priority: Low

Description: In numbers.c in libxslt 1.1.33, a type holding grouping characters of an xsl:number instruction was too narrow and an invalid character/length combination could be passed to xsltNumberFormatDecimal, leading to a read of uninitialized stack data

Patched with commit https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/commit/6ce8de69330783977dd14f6569419489875fb71b

CVE-2019-18197

https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2019/CVE-2019-18197.html

Priority: Medium

Description: In xsltCopyText in transform.c in libxslt 1.1.33, a pointer variable isn't reset under certain circumstances. If the relevant memory area happened to be freed and reused in a certain way, a bounds check could fail and memory outside a buffer could be written to, or uninitialized data could be disclosed.

Patched with commit https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxslt/commit/2232473733b7313d67de8836ea3b29eec6e8e285

Out-of-bounds Write in zlib affects Nokogiri

high severity CVE-2018-25032
high severity CVE-2018-25032
Patched versions: >= 1.13.4

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored zlib from 1.2.11 to 1.2.12, which addresses CVE-2018-25032. That CVE is scored as CVSS 7.4 "High" on the NVD record as of 2022-04-05.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4, and only if the packaged version of zlib is being used. Please see this document for a complete description of which platform gems vendor zlib. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's zlib release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.

Impact

CVE-2018-25032 in zlib

  • Severity: High
  • Type: CWE-787 Out of bounds write
  • Description: zlib before 1.2.12 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches.

Nokogiri gem, via libxml2, is affected by multiple vulnerabilities

high severity CVE-2018-14404
high severity CVE-2018-14404
Patched versions: >= 1.8.5

Nokogiri 1.8.5 has been released.

This is a security and bugfix release. It addresses two CVEs in upstream libxml2 rated as "medium" by Red Hat, for which details are below.

If you're using your distro's system libraries, rather than Nokogiri's vendored libraries, there's no security need to upgrade at this time, though you may want to check with your distro whether they've patched this (Canonical has patched Ubuntu packages). Note that these patches are not yet (as of 2018-10-04) in an upstream release of libxml2.

Full details about the security update are available in Github Issue #1785. [#1785]: https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/1785

[MRI] Pulled in upstream patches from libxml2 that address CVE-2018-14404 and CVE-2018-14567. Full details are available in #1785. Note that these patches are not yet (as of 2018-10-04) in an upstream release of libxml2.

CVE-2018-14404

Permalink:

https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2018/CVE-2018-14404.html

Description:

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability exists in the xpath.c:xmlXPathCompOpEval() function of libxml2 through 2.9.8 when parsing an invalid XPath expression in the XPATH_OP_AND or XPATH_OP_OR case. Applications processing untrusted XSL format inputs with the use of the libxml2 library may be vulnerable to a denial of service attack due to a crash of the application

Canonical rates this vulnerability as "Priority: Medium"

CVE-2018-14567

Permalink:

https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2018/CVE-2018-14567.html

Description:

infinite loop in LZMA decompression

Canonical rates this vulnerability as "Priority: Medium"

Nokogiri gem, via libxml, is affected by DoS and RCE vulnerabilities

high severity CVE-2017-9050
high severity CVE-2017-9050
Patched versions: >= 1.8.1

The version of libxml2 packaged with Nokogiri contains several vulnerabilities. Nokogiri has mitigated these issues by upgrading to libxml 2.9.5.

It was discovered that a type confusion error existed in libxml2. An attacker could use this to specially construct XML data that could cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-0663)

It was discovered that libxml2 did not properly validate parsed entity references. An attacker could use this to specially construct XML data that could expose sensitive information. (CVE-2017-7375)

It was discovered that a buffer overflow existed in libxml2 when handling HTTP redirects. An attacker could use this to specially construct XML data that could cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-7376)

Marcel Böhme and Van-Thuan Pham discovered a buffer overflow in libxml2 when handling elements. An attacker could use this to specially construct XML data that could cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2017-9047)

Marcel Böhme and Van-Thuan Pham discovered a buffer overread in libxml2 when handling elements. An attacker could use this to specially construct XML data that could cause a denial of service. (CVE-2017-9048)

Marcel Böhme and Van-Thuan Pham discovered multiple buffer overreads in libxml2 when handling parameter-entity references. An attacker could use these to specially construct XML data that could cause a denial of service. (CVE-2017-9049, CVE-2017-9050)

Nokogiri gem contains two upstream vulnerabilities in libxslt 1.1.29

high severity CVE-2017-5029
high severity CVE-2017-5029
Patched versions: >= 1.7.2

nokogiri version 1.7.2 has been released.

This is a security update based on 1.7.1, addressing two upstream libxslt 1.1.29 vulnerabilities classified as "Medium" by Canonical and given a CVSS3 score of "6.5 Medium" and "8.8 High" by RedHat.

These patches only apply when using Nokogiri's vendored libxslt package. If you're using your distro's system libraries, there's no need to upgrade from 1.7.0.1 or 1.7.1 at this time.

Full details are available at the github issue linked to in the changelog below.

1.7.2 / 2017-05-09

Security Notes

[MRI] Upstream libxslt patches are applied to the vendored libxslt 1.1.29 which address CVE-2017-5029 and CVE-2016-4738.

For more information:

Nokogiri gem, via libxml, is affected by DoS vulnerabilities

high severity CVE-2017-16932
high severity CVE-2017-16932
Patched versions: >= 1.8.1

The version of libxml2 packaged with Nokogiri contains a vulnerability. Nokogiri has mitigated these issue by upgrading to libxml 2.9.5.

Wei Lei discovered that libxml2 incorrecty handled certain parameter entities. An attacker could use this issue with specially constructed XML data to cause libxml2 to consume resources, leading to a denial of service.

Nokogiri gem, via libxml, is affected by DoS vulnerabilities

high severity CVE-2017-15412
high severity CVE-2017-15412
Patched versions: >= 1.8.2

The version of libxml2 packaged with Nokogiri contains a vulnerability. Nokogiri has mitigated these issue by upgrading to libxml 2.9.6.

It was discovered that libxml2 incorrecty handled certain files. An attacker could use this issue with specially constructed XML data to cause libxml2 to consume resources, leading to a denial of service.

CVE-2012-6685 rubygem-nokogiri: XML eXternal Entity (XXE) flaw

high severity CVE-2012-6685
high severity CVE-2012-6685
Patched versions: >= 1.5.4

Nokogiri before 1.5.4 is vulnerable to XXE attacks

XML Injection in Xerces Java affects Nokogiri

medium severity GHSA-xxx9-3xcr-gjj3
medium severity GHSA-xxx9-3xcr-gjj3
Affected versions: < 1.13.4

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored xerces:xercesImpl from 2.12.0 to 2.12.2, which addresses CVE-2022-23437. That CVE is scored as CVSS 6.5 "Medium" on the NVD record.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.

Impact

CVE-2022-23437 in xerces-J

  • Severity: Medium
  • Type: CWE-91 XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
  • Description: There's a vulnerability within the Apache Xerces Java (XercesJ) XML parser when handling specially crafted XML document payloads. This causes, the XercesJ XML parser to wait in an infinite loop, which may sometimes consume system resources for prolonged duration. This vulnerability is present within XercesJ version 2.12.1 and the previous versions.
  • See also: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h65f-jvqw-m9fj

Use-after-free in libxml2 via Nokogiri::XML::Reader

medium severity GHSA-xc9x-jj77-9p9j
medium severity GHSA-xc9x-jj77-9p9j
Patched versions: ~> 1.15.6, >= 1.16.2

Summary

Nokogiri upgrades its dependency libxml2 as follows:

  • v1.15.6 upgrades libxml2 to 2.11.7 from 2.11.6
  • v1.16.2 upgrades libxml2 to 2.12.5 from 2.12.4

libxml2 v2.11.7 and v2.12.5 address the following vulnerability:

CVE-2024-25062 / https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-25062

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

JRuby users are not affected.

Severity

The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as Moderate.

Impact

From the CVE description, this issue applies to the xmlTextReader module (which underlies Nokogiri::XML::Reader):

When using the XML Reader interface with DTD validation and XInclude expansion enabled, processing crafted XML documents can lead to an xmlValidatePopElement use-after-free.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri ~> 1.15.6 or >= 1.16.2.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same issues.

Use-after-free in libxml2 via Nokogiri::XML::Reader

medium severity GHSA-vcc3-rw6f-jv97
medium severity GHSA-vcc3-rw6f-jv97
Affected versions: < 1.15.6

Summary

Nokogiri upgrades its dependency libxml2 as follows:

  • v1.15.6 upgrades libxml2 to 2.11.7 from 2.11.6
  • v1.16.2 upgrades libxml2 to 2.12.5 from 2.12.4

libxml2 v2.11.7 and v2.12.5 address the following vulnerability:

CVE-2024-25062 / https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-25062

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

JRuby users are not affected.

Severity

The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as Moderate.

Impact

From the CVE description, this issue applies to the xmlTextReader module (which underlies Nokogiri::XML::Reader):

When using the XML Reader interface with DTD validation and XInclude expansion enabled, processing crafted XML documents can lead to an xmlValidatePopElement use-after-free.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri ~> 1.15.6 or >= 1.16.2.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same issues.

Update packaged libxml2 to v2.10.4 to resolve multiple CVEs

medium severity GHSA-pxvg-2qj5-37jq
medium severity GHSA-pxvg-2qj5-37jq
Patched versions: >= 1.14.3

Summary

Nokogiri v1.14.3 upgrades the packaged version of its dependency libxml2 to v2.10.4 from v2.10.3.

libxml2 v2.10.4 addresses the following known vulnerabilities:

  • CVE-2023-29469: Hashing of empty dict strings isn't deterministic
  • CVE-2023-28484: Fix null deref in xmlSchemaFixupComplexType
  • Schemas: Fix null-pointer-deref in xmlSchemaCheckCOSSTDerivedOK

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.14.3, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.14.3.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.10.4 which will also address these same issues.

Impact

No public information has yet been published about the security-related issues other than the upstream commits. Examination of those changesets indicate that the more serious issues relate to libxml2 dereferencing NULL pointers and potentially segfaulting while parsing untrusted inputs.

The commits can be examined at:

Update bundled libxml2 to v2.10.3 to resolve multiple CVEs

medium severity GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw
medium severity GHSA-2qc6-mcvw-92cw
Patched versions: >= 1.13.9

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.9 upgrades the packaged version of its dependency libxml2 to v2.10.3 from v2.9.14.

libxml2 v2.10.3 addresses the following known vulnerabilities:

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.9, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.9.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.10.3 which will also address these same issues.

Impact

libxml2 CVE-2022-2309

  • CVSS3 score: Under evaluation
  • Type: Denial of service
  • Description: NULL Pointer Dereference allows attackers to cause a denial of service (or application crash). This only applies when lxml is used together with libxml2 2.9.10 through 2.9.14. libxml2 2.9.9 and earlier are not affected. It allows triggering crashes through forged input data, given a vulnerable code sequence in the application. The vulnerability is caused by the iterwalk function (also used by the canonicalize function). Such code shouldn't be in wide-spread use, given that parsing + iterwalk would usually be replaced with the more efficient iterparse function. However, an XML converter that serialises to C14N would also be vulnerable, for example, and there are legitimate use cases for this code sequence. If untrusted input is received (also remotely) and processed via iterwalk function, a crash can be triggered.

Nokogiri maintainers investigated at #2620 and determined this CVE does not affect Nokogiri users.

libxml2 CVE-2022-40304

  • CVSS3 score: Unspecified upstream
  • Type: Data corruption, denial of service
  • Description: When an entity reference cycle is detected, the entity content is cleared by setting its first byte to zero. But the entity content might be allocated from a dict. In this case, the dict entry becomes corrupted leading to all kinds of logic errors, including memory errors like double-frees.

See https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2

libxml2 CVE-2022-40303

  • CVSS3 score: Unspecified upstream
  • Type: Integer overflow
  • Description: Integer overflows with XML_PARSE_HUGE

See https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/c846986356fc149915a74972bf198abc266bc2c0

XML Injection in Xerces Java affects Nokogiri

medium severity CVE-2022-23437
medium severity CVE-2022-23437
Patched versions: >= 1.13.4

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.4 updates the vendored xerces:xercesImpl from 2.12.0 to 2.12.2, which addresses CVE-2022-23437. That CVE is scored as CVSS 6.5 "Medium" on the NVD record.

Please note that this advisory only applies to the JRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.4.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= v1.13.4.

Impact

CVE-2022-23437 in xerces-J

  • Severity: Medium
  • Type: CWE-91 XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
  • Description: There's a vulnerability within the Apache Xerces Java (XercesJ) XML parser when handling specially crafted XML document payloads. This causes, the XercesJ XML parser to wait in an infinite loop, which may sometimes consume system resources for prolonged duration. This vulnerability is present within XercesJ version 2.12.1 and the previous versions.
  • See also: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-h65f-jvqw-m9fj

Nokogiri Implements libxml2 version vulnerable to null pointer dereferencing

medium severity CVE-2021-3537
medium severity CVE-2021-3537
Patched versions: >= 1.11.4

A vulnerability found in libxml2 in versions before 2.9.11 shows that it did not propagate errors while parsing XML mixed content, causing a NULL dereference. If an untrusted XML document was parsed in recovery mode and post-validated, the flaw could be used to crash the application. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.

Revert libxml2 behavior in Nokogiri gem that could cause XSS

medium severity CVE-2018-8048
medium severity CVE-2018-8048
Patched versions: >= 1.8.3

[MRI] Behavior in libxml2 has been reverted which caused CVE-2018-8048 (loofah gem), CVE-2018-3740 (sanitize gem), and CVE-2018-3741 (rails-html-sanitizer gem). The commit in question is here:

https://github.com/GNOME/libxml2/commit/960f0e2

and more information is available about this commit and its impact here:

https://github.com/flavorjones/loofah/issues/144

This release simply reverts the libxml2 commit in question to protect users of Nokogiri's vendored libraries from similar vulnerabilities.

If you're offended by what happened here, I'd kindly ask that you comment on the upstream bug report here:

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=769760

Moderate severity vulnerability that affects nokogiri

medium severity CVE-2017-18258
medium severity CVE-2017-18258
Patched versions: >= 1.8.2

The xz_head function in xzlib.c in libxml2 before 2.9.6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a crafted LZMA file, because the decoder functionality does not restrict memory usage to what is required for a legitimate file.

References:

Nokogiri gem contains several vulnerabilities in libxml2 and libxslt

medium severity CVE-2015-1819
medium severity CVE-2015-1819
Patched versions: ~> 1.6.6.4, >= 1.6.7.rc4

Several vulnerabilities were discovered in the libxml2 and libxslt libraries that the Nokogiri gem depends on.

CVE-2015-1819 A denial of service flaw was found in the way libxml2 parsed XML documents. This flaw could cause an application that uses libxml2 to use an excessive amount of memory.

CVE-2015-7941 libxml2 does not properly stop parsing invalid input, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and libxml2 crash) via crafted specially XML data.

CVE-2015-7942 The xmlParseConditionalSections function in parser.c in libxml2 does not properly skip intermediary entities when it stops parsing invalid input, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and crash) via crafted XML data.

CVE-2015-7995 The xsltStylePreCompute function in preproc.c in libxslt 1.1.28 does not check whether the parent node is an element, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service using a specially crafted XML document.

CVE-2015-8035 The xz_decomp function in xzlib.c in libxml2 2.9.1 does not properly detect compression errors, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (process hang) via crafted XML data.

Another vulnerability was discoverd in libxml2 that could cause parsing of unclosed comments to result in "conditional jump or move depends on uninitialized value(s)" and unsafe memory access. This issue does not have a CVE assigned yet. See related URLs for details. Patched in v1.6.7.rc4.

CVE-2013-6461 rubygem-nokogiri: DoS while parsing XML entities

medium severity CVE-2013-6461
medium severity CVE-2013-6461
Patched versions: ~> 1.5.11, >= 1.6.1

Nokogiri gem 1.5.x and 1.6.x has DoS while parsing XML entities by failing to apply limits

CVE-2013-6460 rubygem-nokogiri: DoS while parsing XML documents

medium severity CVE-2013-6460
medium severity CVE-2013-6460
Patched versions: ~> 1.5.11, >= 1.6.1

Nokogiri gem 1.5.x has Denial of Service via infinite loop when parsing XML documents

Nokogiri updates packaged libxml2 to v2.12.7 to resolve CVE-2024-34459

low severity GHSA-r95h-9x8f-r3f7
low severity GHSA-r95h-9x8f-r3f7
Patched versions: >= 1.16.5

Summary

Nokogiri v1.16.5 upgrades its dependency libxml2 to 2.12.7 from 2.12.6.

libxml2 v2.12.7 addresses CVE-2024-34459:

Impact

There is no impact to Nokogiri users because the issue is present only in libxml2's xmllint tool which Nokogiri does not provide or expose.

Timeline

  • 2024-05-13 05:57 EDT, libxml2 2.12.7 release is announced
  • 2024-05-13 08:30 EDT, nokogiri maintainers begin triage
  • 2024-05-13 10:05 EDT, nokogiri v1.16.5 is released and this GHSA made public

Nokogiri::XML::Schema trusts input by default, exposing risk of an XXE vulnerability

low severity CVE-2020-26247
low severity CVE-2020-26247
Patched versions: >= 1.11.0.rc4

Description

In Nokogiri versions <= 1.11.0.rc3, XML Schemas parsed by Nokogiri::XML::Schema are trusted by default, allowing external resources to be accessed over the network, potentially enabling XXE or SSRF attacks.

This behavior is counter to the security policy followed by Nokogiri maintainers, which is to treat all input as untrusted by default whenever possible.

Please note that this security fix was pushed into a new minor version, 1.11.x, rather than a patch release to the 1.10.x branch, because it is a breaking change for some schemas and the risk was assessed to be "Low Severity".

Affected Versions

Nokogiri <= 1.10.10 as well as prereleases 1.11.0.rc1, 1.11.0.rc2, and 1.11.0.rc3

Mitigation

There are no known workarounds for affected versions. Upgrade to Nokogiri 1.11.0.rc4 or later.

If, after upgrading to 1.11.0.rc4 or later, you wish to re-enable network access for resolution of external resources (i.e., return to the previous behavior):

  1. Ensure the input is trusted. Do not enable this option for untrusted input.
  2. When invoking the Nokogiri::XML::Schema constructor, pass as the second parameter an instance of Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions with the NONET flag turned off.

So if your previous code was:

# in v1.11.0.rc3 and earlier, this call allows resources to be accessed over the network
# but in v1.11.0.rc4 and later, this call will disallow network access for external resources
schema = Nokogiri::XML::Schema.new(schema)

# in v1.11.0.rc4 and later, the following is equivalent to the code above
# (the second parameter is optional, and this demonstrates its default value)
schema = Nokogiri::XML::Schema.new(schema, Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions::DEFAULT_SCHEMA)

Then you can add the second parameter to indicate that the input is trusted by changing it to:

# in v1.11.0.rc3 and earlier, this would raise an ArgumentError
# but in v1.11.0.rc4 and later, this allows resources to be accessed over the network
schema = Nokogiri::XML::Schema.new(trusted_schema, Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions.new.nononet)

No officially reported memory leakage issues detected.

This gem version does not have any officially reported memory leaked issues.

Gem version without a license.

Unless a license that specifies otherwise is included, nobody can use, copy, distribute, or modify this library without being at risk of take-downs, shake-downs, or litigation.

This gem version is available.

This gem version has not been yanked and is still available for usage.