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-        <h1>Node.js v7.2.1 Documentation</h1>
-        <div id="gtoc">
-          <p>
-            <a href="index.html" name="toc">Index</a> |
-            <a href="all.html">View on single page</a> |
-            <a href="fs.json">View as JSON</a>
-          </p>
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-      <div id="toc">
-        <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
-        <ul>
-<li><span class="stability_2"><a href="#fs_file_system">File System</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_buffer_api">Buffer API</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_class_fs_fswatcher">Class: fs.FSWatcher</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_event_change">Event: &#39;change&#39;</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_event_error">Event: &#39;error&#39;</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_watcher_close">watcher.close()</a></span></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_class_fs_readstream">Class: fs.ReadStream</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_event_open">Event: &#39;open&#39;</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_event_close">Event: &#39;close&#39;</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_readstream_bytesread">readStream.bytesRead</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_readstream_path">readStream.path</a></span></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_class_fs_stats">Class: fs.Stats</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_stat_time_values">Stat Time Values</a></span></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_class_fs_writestream">Class: fs.WriteStream</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_event_open_1">Event: &#39;open&#39;</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_event_close_1">Event: &#39;close&#39;</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_writestream_byteswritten">writeStream.bytesWritten</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_writestream_path">writeStream.path</a></span></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_access_path_mode_callback">fs.access(path[, mode], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_accesssync_path_mode">fs.accessSync(path[, mode])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_appendfile_file_data_options_callback">fs.appendFile(file, data[, options], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_appendfilesync_file_data_options">fs.appendFileSync(file, data[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_chmod_path_mode_callback">fs.chmod(path, mode, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_chmodsync_path_mode">fs.chmodSync(path, mode)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_chown_path_uid_gid_callback">fs.chown(path, uid, gid, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_chownsync_path_uid_gid">fs.chownSync(path, uid, gid)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_close_fd_callback">fs.close(fd, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_closesync_fd">fs.closeSync(fd)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_constants">fs.constants</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_createreadstream_path_options">fs.createReadStream(path[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_createwritestream_path_options">fs.createWriteStream(path[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_0"><a href="#fs_fs_exists_path_callback">fs.exists(path, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_existssync_path">fs.existsSync(path)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fchmod_fd_mode_callback">fs.fchmod(fd, mode, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fchmodsync_fd_mode">fs.fchmodSync(fd, mode)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fchown_fd_uid_gid_callback">fs.fchown(fd, uid, gid, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fchownsync_fd_uid_gid">fs.fchownSync(fd, uid, gid)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fdatasync_fd_callback">fs.fdatasync(fd, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fdatasyncsync_fd">fs.fdatasyncSync(fd)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fstat_fd_callback">fs.fstat(fd, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fstatsync_fd">fs.fstatSync(fd)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fsync_fd_callback">fs.fsync(fd, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_fsyncsync_fd">fs.fsyncSync(fd)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_ftruncate_fd_len_callback">fs.ftruncate(fd, len, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_ftruncatesync_fd_len">fs.ftruncateSync(fd, len)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_futimes_fd_atime_mtime_callback">fs.futimes(fd, atime, mtime, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_futimessync_fd_atime_mtime">fs.futimesSync(fd, atime, mtime)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_lchmod_path_mode_callback">fs.lchmod(path, mode, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_lchmodsync_path_mode">fs.lchmodSync(path, mode)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_lchown_path_uid_gid_callback">fs.lchown(path, uid, gid, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_lchownsync_path_uid_gid">fs.lchownSync(path, uid, gid)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_link_existingpath_newpath_callback">fs.link(existingPath, newPath, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_linksync_existingpath_newpath">fs.linkSync(existingPath, newPath)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_lstat_path_callback">fs.lstat(path, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_lstatsync_path">fs.lstatSync(path)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_mkdir_path_mode_callback">fs.mkdir(path[, mode], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_mkdirsync_path_mode">fs.mkdirSync(path[, mode])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_mkdtemp_prefix_options_callback">fs.mkdtemp(prefix[, options], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_mkdtempsync_prefix_options">fs.mkdtempSync(prefix[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_open_path_flags_mode_callback">fs.open(path, flags[, mode], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_opensync_path_flags_mode">fs.openSync(path, flags[, mode])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_read_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback">fs.read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_readdir_path_options_callback">fs.readdir(path[, options], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_readdirsync_path_options">fs.readdirSync(path[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_readfile_file_options_callback">fs.readFile(file[, options], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_readfilesync_file_options">fs.readFileSync(file[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_readlink_path_options_callback">fs.readlink(path[, options], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_readlinksync_path_options">fs.readlinkSync(path[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_readsync_fd_buffer_offset_length_position">fs.readSync(fd, buffer, offset, length, position)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_realpath_path_options_callback">fs.realpath(path[, options], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_realpathsync_path_options">fs.realpathSync(path[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_rename_oldpath_newpath_callback">fs.rename(oldPath, newPath, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_renamesync_oldpath_newpath">fs.renameSync(oldPath, newPath)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_rmdir_path_callback">fs.rmdir(path, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_rmdirsync_path">fs.rmdirSync(path)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_stat_path_callback">fs.stat(path, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_statsync_path">fs.statSync(path)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_symlink_target_path_type_callback">fs.symlink(target, path[, type], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_symlinksync_target_path_type">fs.symlinkSync(target, path[, type])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_truncate_path_len_callback">fs.truncate(path, len, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_truncatesync_path_len">fs.truncateSync(path, len)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_unlink_path_callback">fs.unlink(path, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_unlinksync_path">fs.unlinkSync(path)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_unwatchfile_filename_listener">fs.unwatchFile(filename[, listener])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_utimes_path_atime_mtime_callback">fs.utimes(path, atime, mtime, callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_utimessync_path_atime_mtime">fs.utimesSync(path, atime, mtime)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_watch_filename_options_listener">fs.watch(filename[, options][, listener])</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_caveats">Caveats</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_availability">Availability</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_inodes">Inodes</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_filename_argument">Filename Argument</a></span></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_watchfile_filename_options_listener">fs.watchFile(filename[, options], listener)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_write_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback">fs.write(fd, buffer[, offset[, length[, position]]], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_write_fd_string_position_encoding_callback">fs.write(fd, string[, position[, encoding]], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_writefile_file_data_options_callback">fs.writeFile(file, data[, options], callback)</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_writefilesync_file_data_options">fs.writeFileSync(file, data[, options])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_writesync_fd_buffer_offset_length_position">fs.writeSync(fd, buffer[, offset[, length[, position]]])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_writesync_fd_string_position_encoding">fs.writeSync(fd, string[, position[, encoding]])</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_fs_constants_1">FS Constants</a></span><ul>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_file_access_constants">File Access Constants</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_file_open_constants">File Open Constants</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_file_type_constants">File Type Constants</a></span></li>
-<li><span class="stability_undefined"><a href="#fs_file_mode_constants">File Mode Constants</a></span></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-      </div>
-      <div id="apicontent">
-        <h1>File System<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_file_system" id="fs_file_system">#</a></span></h1>
-<pre class="api_stability api_stability_2">Stability: 2 - Stable</pre><!--name=fs-->
-<p>File I/O is provided by simple wrappers around standard POSIX functions.  To
-use this module do <code>require(&#39;fs&#39;)</code>. All the methods have asynchronous and
-synchronous forms.</p>
-<p>The asynchronous form always takes a completion callback as its last argument.
-The arguments passed to the completion callback depend on the method, but the
-first argument is always reserved for an exception. If the operation was
-completed successfully, then the first argument will be <code>null</code> or <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<p>When using the synchronous form any exceptions are immediately thrown.
-You can use try/catch to handle exceptions or allow them to bubble up.</p>
-<p>Here is an example of the asynchronous version:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">const fs = require(&#39;fs&#39;);
-fs.unlink(&#39;/tmp/hello&#39;, (err) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(&#39;successfully deleted /tmp/hello&#39;);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>Here is the synchronous version:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">const fs = require(&#39;fs&#39;);
-fs.unlinkSync(&#39;/tmp/hello&#39;);
-console.log(&#39;successfully deleted /tmp/hello&#39;);
-</code></pre>
-<p>With the asynchronous methods there is no guaranteed ordering. So the
-following is prone to error:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.rename(&#39;/tmp/hello&#39;, &#39;/tmp/world&#39;, (err) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(&#39;renamed complete&#39;);
-});
-fs.stat(&#39;/tmp/world&#39;, (err, stats) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(`stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>It could be that <code>fs.stat</code> is executed before <code>fs.rename</code>.
-The correct way to do this is to chain the callbacks.</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.rename(&#39;/tmp/hello&#39;, &#39;/tmp/world&#39;, (err) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  fs.stat(&#39;/tmp/world&#39;, (err, stats) =&gt; {
-    if (err) throw err;
-    console.log(`stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`);
-  });
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>In busy processes, the programmer is <em>strongly encouraged</em> to use the
-asynchronous versions of these calls. The synchronous versions will block
-the entire process until they complete--halting all connections.</p>
-<p>The relative path to a filename can be used. Remember, however, that this path
-will be relative to <code>process.cwd()</code>.</p>
-<p>Most fs functions let you omit the callback argument. If you do, a default
-callback is used that rethrows errors. To get a trace to the original call
-site, set the <code>NODE_DEBUG</code> environment variable:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-txt">$ cat script.js
-function bad() {
-  require(&#39;fs&#39;).readFile(&#39;/&#39;);
-}
-bad();
-$ env NODE_DEBUG=fs node script.js
-fs.js:88
-        throw backtrace;
-        ^
-Error: EISDIR: illegal operation on a directory, read
-    &lt;stack trace.&gt;
-</code></pre>
-<h2>Buffer API<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_buffer_api" id="fs_buffer_api">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v6.0.0</span>
-</div><p><code>fs</code> functions support passing and receiving paths as both strings
-and Buffers. The latter is intended to make it possible to work with
-filesystems that allow for non-UTF-8 filenames. For most typical
-uses, working with paths as Buffers will be unnecessary, as the string
-API converts to and from UTF-8 automatically.</p>
-<p><em>Note</em> that on certain file systems (such as NTFS and HFS+) filenames
-will always be encoded as UTF-8. On such file systems, passing
-non-UTF-8 encoded Buffers to <code>fs</code> functions will not work as expected.</p>
-<h2>Class: fs.FSWatcher<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_class_fs_fswatcher" id="fs_class_fs_fswatcher">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.5.8</span>
-</div><p>Objects returned from <a href="#fs_fs_watch_filename_options_listener"><code>fs.watch()</code></a> are of this type.</p>
-<p>The <code>listener</code> callback provided to <code>fs.watch()</code> receives the returned FSWatcher&#39;s
-<code>change</code> events.</p>
-<p>The object itself emits these events:</p>
-<h3>Event: &#39;change&#39;<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_event_change" id="fs_event_change">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.5.8</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>eventType</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> The type of fs change</li>
-<li><code>filename</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a> The filename that changed (if relevant/available)</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Emitted when something changes in a watched directory or file.
-See more details in <a href="#fs_fs_watch_filename_options_listener"><code>fs.watch()</code></a>.</p>
-<p>The <code>filename</code> argument may not be provided depending on operating system
-support. If <code>filename</code> is provided, it will be provided as a <code>Buffer</code> if
-<code>fs.watch()</code> is called with its <code>encoding</code> option set to <code>&#39;buffer&#39;</code>, otherwise
-<code>filename</code> will be a string.</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">// Example when handled through fs.watch listener
-fs.watch(&#39;./tmp&#39;, {encoding: &#39;buffer&#39;}, (eventType, filename) =&gt; {
-  if (filename)
-    console.log(filename);
-    // Prints: &lt;Buffer ...&gt;
-});
-</code></pre>
-<h3>Event: &#39;error&#39;<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_event_error" id="fs_event_error">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.5.8</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>error</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error" class="type">&lt;Error&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Emitted when an error occurs.</p>
-<h3>watcher.close()<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_watcher_close" id="fs_watcher_close">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.5.8</span>
-</div><p>Stop watching for changes on the given <code>fs.FSWatcher</code>.</p>
-<h2>Class: fs.ReadStream<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_class_fs_readstream" id="fs_class_fs_readstream">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><p><code>ReadStream</code> is a <a href="stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable">Readable Stream</a>.</p>
-<h3>Event: &#39;open&#39;<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_event_open" id="fs_event_open">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> Integer file descriptor used by the ReadStream.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Emitted when the ReadStream&#39;s file is opened.</p>
-<h3>Event: &#39;close&#39;<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_event_close" id="fs_event_close">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><p>Emitted when the <code>ReadStream</code>&#39;s underlying file descriptor has been closed
-using the <code>fs.close()</code> method.</p>
-<h3>readStream.bytesRead<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_readstream_bytesread" id="fs_readstream_bytesread">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: 6.4.0</span>
-</div><p>The number of bytes read so far.</p>
-<h3>readStream.path<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_readstream_path" id="fs_readstream_path">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><p>The path to the file the stream is reading from as specified in the first
-argument to <code>fs.createReadStream()</code>. If <code>path</code> is passed as a string, then
-<code>readStream.path</code> will be a string. If <code>path</code> is passed as a <code>Buffer</code>, then
-<code>readStream.path</code> will be a <code>Buffer</code>.</p>
-<h2>Class: fs.Stats<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_class_fs_stats" id="fs_class_fs_stats">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><p>Objects returned from <a href="#fs_fs_stat_path_callback"><code>fs.stat()</code></a>, <a href="#fs_fs_lstat_path_callback"><code>fs.lstat()</code></a> and <a href="#fs_fs_fstat_fd_callback"><code>fs.fstat()</code></a> and their
-synchronous counterparts are of this type.</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>stats.isFile()</code></li>
-<li><code>stats.isDirectory()</code></li>
-<li><code>stats.isBlockDevice()</code></li>
-<li><code>stats.isCharacterDevice()</code></li>
-<li><code>stats.isSymbolicLink()</code> (only valid with <a href="#fs_fs_lstat_path_callback"><code>fs.lstat()</code></a>)</li>
-<li><code>stats.isFIFO()</code></li>
-<li><code>stats.isSocket()</code></li>
-</ul>
-<p>For a regular file <a href="util.html#util_util_inspect_object_options"><code>util.inspect(stats)</code></a> would return a string very
-similar to this:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">{
-  dev: 2114,
-  ino: 48064969,
-  mode: 33188,
-  nlink: 1,
-  uid: 85,
-  gid: 100,
-  rdev: 0,
-  size: 527,
-  blksize: 4096,
-  blocks: 8,
-  atime: Mon, 10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT,
-  mtime: Mon, 10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT,
-  ctime: Mon, 10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT,
-  birthtime: Mon, 10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT
-}
-</code></pre>
-<p>Please note that <code>atime</code>, <code>mtime</code>, <code>birthtime</code>, and <code>ctime</code> are
-instances of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date"><code>Date</code></a> object and to compare the values of
-these objects you should use appropriate methods. For most general
-uses <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/getTime"><code>getTime()</code></a> will return the number of
-milliseconds elapsed since <em>1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC</em> and this
-integer should be sufficient for any comparison, however there are
-additional methods which can be used for displaying fuzzy information.
-More details can be found in the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date">MDN JavaScript Reference</a>
-page.</p>
-<h3>Stat Time Values<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_stat_time_values" id="fs_stat_time_values">#</a></span></h3>
-<p>The times in the stat object have the following semantics:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>atime</code> &quot;Access Time&quot; - Time when file data last accessed.  Changed
-by the <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mknod.2.html">mknod(2)</a>, <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/utimes.2.html">utimes(2)</a>, and <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/read.2.html">read(2)</a> system calls.</li>
-<li><code>mtime</code> &quot;Modified Time&quot; - Time when file data last modified.
-Changed by the <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mknod.2.html">mknod(2)</a>, <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/utimes.2.html">utimes(2)</a>, and <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/write.2.html">write(2)</a> system calls.</li>
-<li><code>ctime</code> &quot;Change Time&quot; - Time when file status was last changed
-(inode data modification).  Changed by the <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chmod.2.html">chmod(2)</a>, <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chown.2.html">chown(2)</a>,
-link(2), <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mknod.2.html">mknod(2)</a>, <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rename.2.html">rename(2)</a>, <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/unlink.2.html">unlink(2)</a>, <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/utimes.2.html">utimes(2)</a>,
-read(2), and <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/write.2.html">write(2)</a> system calls.</li>
-<li><code>birthtime</code> &quot;Birth Time&quot; -  Time of file creation. Set once when the
-file is created.  On filesystems where birthtime is not available,
-this field may instead hold either the <code>ctime</code> or
-<code>1970-01-01T00:00Z</code> (ie, unix epoch timestamp <code>0</code>). Note that this
-value may be greater than <code>atime</code> or <code>mtime</code> in this case. On Darwin
-and other FreeBSD variants, also set if the <code>atime</code> is explicitly
-set to an earlier value than the current <code>birthtime</code> using the
-utimes(2) system call.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Prior to Node v0.12, the <code>ctime</code> held the <code>birthtime</code> on Windows
-systems.  Note that as of v0.12, <code>ctime</code> is not &quot;creation time&quot;, and
-on Unix systems, it never was.</p>
-<h2>Class: fs.WriteStream<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_class_fs_writestream" id="fs_class_fs_writestream">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><p><code>WriteStream</code> is a <a href="stream.html#stream_class_stream_writable">Writable Stream</a>.</p>
-<h3>Event: &#39;open&#39;<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_event_open_1" id="fs_event_open_1">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> Integer file descriptor used by the WriteStream.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Emitted when the WriteStream&#39;s file is opened.</p>
-<h3>Event: &#39;close&#39;<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_event_close_1" id="fs_event_close_1">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><p>Emitted when the <code>WriteStream</code>&#39;s underlying file descriptor has been closed
-using the <code>fs.close()</code> method.</p>
-<h3>writeStream.bytesWritten<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_writestream_byteswritten" id="fs_writestream_byteswritten">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.7</span>
-</div><p>The number of bytes written so far. Does not include data that is still queued
-for writing.</p>
-<h3>writeStream.path<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_writestream_path" id="fs_writestream_path">#</a></span></h3>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.93</span>
-</div><p>The path to the file the stream is writing to as specified in the first
-argument to <code>fs.createWriteStream()</code>. If <code>path</code> is passed as a string, then
-<code>writeStream.path</code> will be a string. If <code>path</code> is passed as a <code>Buffer</code>, then
-<code>writeStream.path</code> will be a <code>Buffer</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.access(path[, mode], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_access_path_mode_callback" id="fs_fs_access_path_mode_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.11.15</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Tests a user&#39;s permissions for the file or directory specified by <code>path</code>.
-The <code>mode</code> argument is an optional integer that specifies the accessibility
-checks to be performed. The following constants define the possible values of
-<code>mode</code>. It is possible to create a mask consisting of the bitwise OR of two or
-more values.</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>fs.constants.F_OK</code> - <code>path</code> is visible to the calling process. This is useful
-for determining if a file exists, but says nothing about <code>rwx</code> permissions.
-Default if no <code>mode</code> is specified.</li>
-<li><code>fs.constants.R_OK</code> - <code>path</code> can be read by the calling process.</li>
-<li><code>fs.constants.W_OK</code> - <code>path</code> can be written by the calling process.</li>
-<li><code>fs.constants.X_OK</code> - <code>path</code> can be executed by the calling process. This has
-no effect on Windows (will behave like <code>fs.constants.F_OK</code>).</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The final argument, <code>callback</code>, is a callback function that is invoked with
-a possible error argument. If any of the accessibility checks fail, the error
-argument will be populated. The following example checks if the file
-<code>/etc/passwd</code> can be read and written by the current process.</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.access(&#39;/etc/passwd&#39;, fs.constants.R_OK | fs.constants.W_OK, (err) =&gt; {
-  console.log(err ? &#39;no access!&#39; : &#39;can read/write&#39;);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>Using <code>fs.access()</code> to check for the accessibility of a file before calling
-<code>fs.open()</code>, <code>fs.readFile()</code> or <code>fs.writeFile()</code> is not recommended. Doing
-so introduces a race condition, since other processes may change the file&#39;s
-state between the two calls. Instead, user code should open/read/write the
-file directly and handle the error raised if the file is not accessible.</p>
-<p>For example:</p>
-<p><strong>write (NOT RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.access(&#39;myfile&#39;, (err) =&gt; {
-  if (!err) {
-    console.error(&#39;myfile already exists&#39;);
-    return;
-  }
-  fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;wx&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-    if (err) throw err;
-    writeMyData(fd);
-  });
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><strong>write (RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;wx&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-  if (err) {
-    if (err.code === &quot;EEXIST&quot;) {
-      console.error(&#39;myfile already exists&#39;);
-      return;
-    } else {
-      throw err;
-    }
-  }
-  writeMyData(fd);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><strong>read (NOT RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.access(&#39;myfile&#39;, (err) =&gt; {
-  if (err) {
-    if (err.code === &quot;ENOENT&quot;) {
-      console.error(&#39;myfile does not exist&#39;);
-      return;
-    } else {
-      throw err;
-    }
-  }
-  fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;r&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-    if (err) throw err;
-    readMyData(fd);
-  });
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><strong>read (RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;r&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-  if (err) {
-    if (err.code === &quot;ENOENT&quot;) {
-      console.error(&#39;myfile does not exist&#39;);
-      return;
-    } else {
-      throw err;
-    }
-  }
-  readMyData(fd);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>The &quot;not recommended&quot; examples above check for accessibility and then use the
-file; the &quot;recommended&quot; examples are better because they use the file directly
-and handle the error, if any.</p>
-<p>In general, check for the accessibility of a file only if the file won’t be
-used directly, for example when its accessibility is a signal from another
-process.</p>
-<h2>fs.accessSync(path[, mode])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_accesssync_path_mode" id="fs_fs_accesssync_path_mode">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.11.15</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_access_path_mode_callback"><code>fs.access()</code></a>. This throws if any accessibility
-checks fail, and does nothing otherwise.</p>
-<h2>fs.appendFile(file, data[, options], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_appendfile_file_data_options_callback" id="fs_fs_appendfile_file_data_options_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.6.7</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>file</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Number&gt;</a> filename or file descriptor</li>
-<li><code>data</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type">&lt;Null&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0o666</code></li>
-<li><code>flag</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;a&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronously append data to a file, creating the file if it does not yet exist.
-<code>data</code> can be a string or a buffer.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.appendFile(&#39;message.txt&#39;, &#39;data to append&#39;, (err) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(&#39;The &quot;data to append&quot; was appended to file!&#39;);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>If <code>options</code> is a string, then it specifies the encoding. Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.appendFile(&#39;message.txt&#39;, &#39;data to append&#39;, &#39;utf8&#39;, callback);
-</code></pre>
-<p>Any specified file descriptor has to have been opened for appending.</p>
-<p><em>Note: If a file descriptor is specified as the <code>file</code>, it will not be closed
-automatically.</em></p>
-<h2>fs.appendFileSync(file, data[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_appendfilesync_file_data_options" id="fs_fs_appendfilesync_file_data_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.6.7</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>file</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Number&gt;</a> filename or file descriptor</li>
-<li><code>data</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type">&lt;Null&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0o666</code></li>
-<li><code>flag</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;a&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The synchronous version of <a href="fs.html#fs_fs_appendfile_file_data_options_callback"><code>fs.appendFile()</code></a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.chmod(path, mode, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_chmod_path_mode_callback" id="fs_fs_chmod_path_mode_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.30</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chmod.2.html">chmod(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.chmodSync(path, mode)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_chmodsync_path_mode" id="fs_fs_chmodsync_path_mode">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.6.7</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chmod.2.html">chmod(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.chown(path, uid, gid, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_chown_path_uid_gid_callback" id="fs_fs_chown_path_uid_gid_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.97</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>uid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>gid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chown.2.html">chown(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.chownSync(path, uid, gid)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_chownsync_path_uid_gid" id="fs_fs_chownsync_path_uid_gid">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.97</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>uid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>gid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/chown.2.html">chown(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.close(fd, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_close_fd_callback" id="fs_fs_close_fd_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/close.2.html">close(2)</a>.  No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.closeSync(fd)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_closesync_fd" id="fs_fs_closesync_fd">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/close.2.html">close(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.constants<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_constants" id="fs_fs_constants">#</a></span></h2>
-<p>Returns an object containing commonly used constants for file system
-operations. The specific constants currently defined are described in
-<a href="#fs_fs_constants_1">FS Constants</a>.</p>
-<h2>fs.createReadStream(path[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_createreadstream_path_options" id="fs_fs_createreadstream_path_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>flags</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>autoClose</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type">&lt;Boolean&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>start</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>end</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Returns a new <a href="#fs_class_fs_readstream"><code>ReadStream</code></a> object. (See <a href="stream.html#stream_class_stream_readable">Readable Stream</a>).</p>
-<p>Be aware that, unlike the default value set for <code>highWaterMark</code> on a
-readable stream (16 kb), the stream returned by this method has a
-default value of 64 kb for the same parameter.</p>
-<p><code>options</code> is an object or string with the following defaults:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">{
-  flags: &#39;r&#39;,
-  encoding: null,
-  fd: null,
-  mode: 0o666,
-  autoClose: true
-}
-</code></pre>
-<p><code>options</code> can include <code>start</code> and <code>end</code> values to read a range of bytes from
-the file instead of the entire file.  Both <code>start</code> and <code>end</code> are inclusive and
-start counting at 0. If <code>fd</code> is specified and <code>start</code> is omitted or <code>undefined</code>,
-<code>fs.createReadStream()</code> reads sequentially from the current file position.
-The <code>encoding</code> can be any one of those accepted by <a href="buffer.html#buffer_buffer"><code>Buffer</code></a>.</p>
-<p>If <code>fd</code> is specified, <code>ReadStream</code> will ignore the <code>path</code> argument and will use
-the specified file descriptor. This means that no <code>&#39;open&#39;</code> event will be
-emitted. Note that <code>fd</code> should be blocking; non-blocking <code>fd</code>s should be passed
-to <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket"><code>net.Socket</code></a>.</p>
-<p>If <code>autoClose</code> is false, then the file descriptor won&#39;t be closed, even if
-there&#39;s an error.  It is your responsibility to close it and make sure
-there&#39;s no file descriptor leak.  If <code>autoClose</code> is set to true (default
-behavior), on <code>error</code> or <code>end</code> the file descriptor will be closed
-automatically.</p>
-<p><code>mode</code> sets the file mode (permission and sticky bits), but only if the
-file was created.</p>
-<p>An example to read the last 10 bytes of a file which is 100 bytes long:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.createReadStream(&#39;sample.txt&#39;, {start: 90, end: 99});
-</code></pre>
-<p>If <code>options</code> is a string, then it specifies the encoding.</p>
-<h2>fs.createWriteStream(path[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_createwritestream_path_options" id="fs_fs_createwritestream_path_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>flags</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>defaultEncoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>autoClose</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type">&lt;Boolean&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>start</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Returns a new <a href="#fs_class_fs_writestream"><code>WriteStream</code></a> object. (See <a href="stream.html#stream_class_stream_writable">Writable Stream</a>).</p>
-<p><code>options</code> is an object or string with the following defaults:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">{
-  flags: &#39;w&#39;,
-  defaultEncoding: &#39;utf8&#39;,
-  fd: null,
-  mode: 0o666,
-  autoClose: true
-}
-</code></pre>
-<p><code>options</code> may also include a <code>start</code> option to allow writing data at
-some position past the beginning of the file.  Modifying a file rather
-than replacing it may require a <code>flags</code> mode of <code>r+</code> rather than the
-default mode <code>w</code>. The <code>defaultEncoding</code> can be any one of those accepted by
-<a href="buffer.html#buffer_buffer"><code>Buffer</code></a>.</p>
-<p>If <code>autoClose</code> is set to true (default behavior) on <code>error</code> or <code>end</code>
-the file descriptor will be closed automatically. If <code>autoClose</code> is false,
-then the file descriptor won&#39;t be closed, even if there&#39;s an error.
-It is your responsibility to close it and make sure
-there&#39;s no file descriptor leak.</p>
-<p>Like <a href="#fs_class_fs_readstream"><code>ReadStream</code></a>, if <code>fd</code> is specified, <code>WriteStream</code> will ignore the
-<code>path</code> argument and will use the specified file descriptor. This means that no
-<code>&#39;open&#39;</code> event will be emitted. Note that <code>fd</code> should be blocking; non-blocking
-<code>fd</code>s should be passed to <a href="net.html#net_class_net_socket"><code>net.Socket</code></a>.</p>
-<p>If <code>options</code> is a string, then it specifies the encoding.</p>
-<h2>fs.exists(path, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_exists_path_callback" id="fs_fs_exists_path_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-<span>Deprecated since: v1.0.0 </span>
-</div><pre class="api_stability api_stability_0">Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use <a href="#fs_fs_stat_path_callback"><code>fs.stat()</code></a> or <a href="#fs_fs_access_path_mode_callback"><code>fs.access()</code></a> instead.</pre><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Test whether or not the given path exists by checking with the file system.
-Then call the <code>callback</code> argument with either true or false.  Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.exists(&#39;/etc/passwd&#39;, (exists) =&gt; {
-  console.log(exists ? &#39;it\&#39;s there&#39; : &#39;no passwd!&#39;);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><strong>Note that the parameter to this callback is not consistent with other
-Node.js callbacks.</strong> Normally, the first parameter to a Node.js callback is
-an <code>err</code> parameter, optionally followed by other parameters. The
-<code>fs.exists()</code> callback has only one boolean parameter. This is one reason
-<code>fs.access()</code> is recommended instead of <code>fs.exists()</code>.</p>
-<p>Using <code>fs.exists()</code> to check for the existence of a file before calling
-<code>fs.open()</code>, <code>fs.readFile()</code> or <code>fs.writeFile()</code> is not recommended. Doing
-so introduces a race condition, since other processes may change the file&#39;s
-state between the two calls. Instead, user code should open/read/write the
-file directly and handle the error raised if the file does not exist.</p>
-<p>For example:</p>
-<p><strong>write (NOT RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.exists(&#39;myfile&#39;, (exists) =&gt; {
-  if (exists) {
-    console.error(&#39;myfile already exists&#39;);
-  } else {
-    fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;wx&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-      if (err) throw err;
-      writeMyData(fd);
-    });
-  }
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><strong>write (RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;wx&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-  if (err) {
-    if (err.code === &quot;EEXIST&quot;) {
-      console.error(&#39;myfile already exists&#39;);
-      return;
-    } else {
-      throw err;
-    }
-  }
-  writeMyData(fd);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><strong>read (NOT RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.exists(&#39;myfile&#39;, (exists) =&gt; {
-  if (exists) {
-    fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;r&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-      readMyData(fd);
-    });
-  } else {
-    console.error(&#39;myfile does not exist&#39;);
-  }
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><strong>read (RECOMMENDED)</strong></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.open(&#39;myfile&#39;, &#39;r&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-  if (err) {
-    if (err.code === &quot;ENOENT&quot;) {
-      console.error(&#39;myfile does not exist&#39;);
-      return;
-    } else {
-      throw err;
-    }
-  } else {
-    readMyData(fd);
-  }
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>The &quot;not recommended&quot; examples above check for existence and then use the
-file; the &quot;recommended&quot; examples are better because they use the file directly
-and handle the error, if any.</p>
-<p>In general, check for the existence of a file only if the file won’t be
-used directly, for example when its existence is a signal from another
-process.</p>
-<h2>fs.existsSync(path)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_existssync_path" id="fs_fs_existssync_path">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous version of <a href="fs.html#fs_fs_exists_path_callback"><code>fs.exists()</code></a>.
-Returns <code>true</code> if the file exists, <code>false</code> otherwise.</p>
-<p>Note that <code>fs.exists()</code> is deprecated, but <code>fs.existsSync()</code> is not.
-(The <code>callback</code> parameter to <code>fs.exists()</code> accepts parameters that are
-inconsistent with other Node.js callbacks. <code>fs.existsSync()</code> does not use
-a callback.)</p>
-<h2>fs.fchmod(fd, mode, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fchmod_fd_mode_callback" id="fs_fs_fchmod_fd_mode_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.7</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchmod.2.html">fchmod(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception
-are given to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.fchmodSync(fd, mode)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fchmodsync_fd_mode" id="fs_fs_fchmodsync_fd_mode">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.7</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchmod.2.html">fchmod(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.fchown(fd, uid, gid, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fchown_fd_uid_gid_callback" id="fs_fs_fchown_fd_uid_gid_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.7</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>uid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>gid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchown.2.html">fchown(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.fchownSync(fd, uid, gid)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fchownsync_fd_uid_gid" id="fs_fs_fchownsync_fd_uid_gid">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.7</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>uid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>gid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fchown.2.html">fchown(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.fdatasync(fd, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fdatasync_fd_callback" id="fs_fs_fdatasync_fd_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.96</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fdatasync.2.html">fdatasync(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are
-given to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.fdatasyncSync(fd)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fdatasyncsync_fd" id="fs_fs_fdatasyncsync_fd">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.96</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fdatasync.2.html">fdatasync(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.fstat(fd, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fstat_fd_callback" id="fs_fs_fstat_fd_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.95</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fstat.2.html">fstat(2)</a>. The callback gets two arguments <code>(err, stats)</code> where
-<code>stats</code> is an <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a> object. <code>fstat()</code> is identical to <a href="fs.html#fs_fs_stat_path_callback"><code>stat()</code></a>,
-except that the file to be stat-ed is specified by the file descriptor <code>fd</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.fstatSync(fd)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fstatsync_fd" id="fs_fs_fstatsync_fd">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.95</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fstat.2.html">fstat(2)</a>. Returns an instance of <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a>.</p>
-<h2>fs.fsync(fd, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fsync_fd_callback" id="fs_fs_fsync_fd_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.96</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fsync.2.html">fsync(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.fsyncSync(fd)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_fsyncsync_fd" id="fs_fs_fsyncsync_fd">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.96</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fsync.2.html">fsync(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.ftruncate(fd, len, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_ftruncate_fd_len_callback" id="fs_fs_ftruncate_fd_len_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.8.6</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>len</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0</code></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ftruncate.2.html">ftruncate(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are
-given to the completion callback.</p>
-<p>If the file referred to by the file descriptor was larger than <code>len</code> bytes, only
-the first <code>len</code> bytes will be retained in the file.</p>
-<p>For example, the following program retains only the first four bytes of the file</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">console.log(fs.readFileSync(&#39;temp.txt&#39;, &#39;utf8&#39;));
-// Prints: Node.js
-// get the file descriptor of the file to be truncated
-const fd = fs.openSync(&#39;temp.txt&#39;, &#39;r+&#39;);
-// truncate the file to first four bytes
-fs.ftruncate(fd, 4, (err) =&gt; {
-  assert.ifError(err);
-  console.log(fs.readFileSync(&#39;temp.txt&#39;, &#39;utf8&#39;));
-});
-// Prints: Node
-</code></pre>
-<p>If the file previously was shorter than <code>len</code> bytes, it is extended, and the
-extended part is filled with null bytes (&#39;\0&#39;). For example,</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">console.log(fs.readFileSync(&#39;temp.txt&#39;, &#39;utf-8&#39;));
-// Prints: Node.js
-// get the file descriptor of the file to be truncated
-const fd = fs.openSync(&#39;temp.txt&#39;, &#39;r+&#39;);
-// truncate the file to 10 bytes, whereas the actual size is 7 bytes
-fs.ftruncate(fd, 10, (err) =&gt; {
-  assert.ifError(!err);
-  console.log(fs.readFileSync(&#39;temp.txt&#39;));
-});
-// Prints: &lt;Buffer 4e 6f 64 65 2e 6a 73 00 00 00&gt;
-// (&#39;Node.js\0\0\0&#39; in UTF8)
-</code></pre>
-<p>The last three bytes are null bytes (&#39;\0&#39;), to compensate the over-truncation.</p>
-<h2>fs.ftruncateSync(fd, len)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_ftruncatesync_fd_len" id="fs_fs_ftruncatesync_fd_len">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.8.6</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>len</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0</code></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/ftruncate.2.html">ftruncate(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.futimes(fd, atime, mtime, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_futimes_fd_atime_mtime_callback" id="fs_fs_futimes_fd_atime_mtime_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>atime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mtime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Change the file timestamps of a file referenced by the supplied file
-descriptor.</p>
-<h2>fs.futimesSync(fd, atime, mtime)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_futimessync_fd_atime_mtime" id="fs_fs_futimessync_fd_atime_mtime">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>atime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mtime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_futimes_fd_atime_mtime_callback"><code>fs.futimes()</code></a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.lchmod(path, mode, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_lchmod_path_mode_callback" id="fs_fs_lchmod_path_mode_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Deprecated since: v0.4.7 </span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lchmod&sektion=2">lchmod(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception
-are given to the completion callback.</p>
-<p>Only available on Mac OS X.</p>
-<h2>fs.lchmodSync(path, mode)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_lchmodsync_path_mode" id="fs_fs_lchmodsync_path_mode">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Deprecated since: v0.4.7 </span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lchmod&sektion=2">lchmod(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.lchown(path, uid, gid, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_lchown_path_uid_gid_callback" id="fs_fs_lchown_path_uid_gid_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Deprecated since: v0.4.7 </span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>uid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>gid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/lchown.2.html">lchown(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.lchownSync(path, uid, gid)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_lchownsync_path_uid_gid" id="fs_fs_lchownsync_path_uid_gid">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Deprecated since: v0.4.7 </span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>uid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>gid</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/lchown.2.html">lchown(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.link(existingPath, newPath, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_link_existingpath_newpath_callback" id="fs_fs_link_existingpath_newpath_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>existingPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>newPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/link.2.html">link(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given to
-the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.linkSync(existingPath, newPath)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_linksync_existingpath_newpath" id="fs_fs_linksync_existingpath_newpath">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>existingPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>newPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/link.2.html">link(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.lstat(path, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_lstat_path_callback" id="fs_fs_lstat_path_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.30</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/lstat.2.html">lstat(2)</a>. The callback gets two arguments <code>(err, stats)</code> where
-<code>stats</code> is a <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a> object. <code>lstat()</code> is identical to <code>stat()</code>,
-except that if <code>path</code> is a symbolic link, then the link itself is stat-ed,
-not the file that it refers to.</p>
-<h2>fs.lstatSync(path)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_lstatsync_path" id="fs_fs_lstatsync_path">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.30</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/lstat.2.html">lstat(2)</a>. Returns an instance of <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a>.</p>
-<h2>fs.mkdir(path[, mode], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_mkdir_path_mode_callback" id="fs_fs_mkdir_path_mode_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.8</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mkdir.2.html">mkdir(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback. <code>mode</code> defaults to <code>0o777</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.mkdirSync(path[, mode])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_mkdirsync_path_mode" id="fs_fs_mkdirsync_path_mode">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/mkdir.2.html">mkdir(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.mkdtemp(prefix[, options], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_mkdtemp_prefix_options_callback" id="fs_fs_mkdtemp_prefix_options_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v5.10.0</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>prefix</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Creates a unique temporary directory.</p>
-<p>Generates six random characters to be appended behind a required
-<code>prefix</code> to create a unique temporary directory.</p>
-<p>The created folder path is passed as a string to the callback&#39;s second
-parameter.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.mkdtemp(&#39;/tmp/foo-&#39;, (err, folder) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(folder);
-  // Prints: /tmp/foo-itXde2
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p><em>Note</em>: The <code>fs.mkdtemp()</code> method will append the six randomly selected
-characters directly to the <code>prefix</code> string. For instance, given a directory
-<code>/tmp</code>, if the intention is to create a temporary directory <em>within</em> <code>/tmp</code>,
-the <code>prefix</code> <em>must</em> end with a trailing platform-specific path separator
-(<code>require(&#39;path&#39;).sep</code>).</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">// The parent directory for the new temporary directory
-const tmpDir = &#39;/tmp&#39;;
-// This method is *INCORRECT*:
-fs.mkdtemp(tmpDir, (err, folder) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(folder);
-  // Will print something similar to `/tmpabc123`.
-  // Note that a new temporary directory is created
-  // at the file system root rather than *within*
-  // the /tmp directory.
-});
-// This method is *CORRECT*:
-const path = require(&#39;path&#39;);
-fs.mkdtemp(tmpDir + path.sep, (err, folder) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(folder);
-  // Will print something similar to `/tmp/abc123`.
-  // A new temporary directory is created within
-  // the /tmp directory.
-});
-</code></pre>
-<h2>fs.mkdtempSync(prefix[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_mkdtempsync_prefix_options" id="fs_fs_mkdtempsync_prefix_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v5.10.0</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>prefix</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_mkdtemp_prefix_options_callback"><code>fs.mkdtemp()</code></a>. Returns the created
-folder path.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use.</p>
-<h2>fs.open(path, flags[, mode], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_open_path_flags_mode_callback" id="fs_fs_open_path_flags_mode_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>flags</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Number&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous file open. See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/open.2.html">open(2)</a>. <code>flags</code> can be:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><p><code>&#39;r&#39;</code> - Open file for reading.
-An exception occurs if the file does not exist.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;r+&#39;</code> - Open file for reading and writing.
-An exception occurs if the file does not exist.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;rs+&#39;</code> - Open file for reading and writing in synchronous mode. Instructs
-the operating system to bypass the local file system cache.</p>
-<p>This is primarily useful for opening files on NFS mounts as it allows you to
-skip the potentially stale local cache. It has a very real impact on I/O
-performance so don&#39;t use this flag unless you need it.</p>
-<p>Note that this doesn&#39;t turn <code>fs.open()</code> into a synchronous blocking call.
-If that&#39;s what you want then you should be using <code>fs.openSync()</code></p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;w&#39;</code> - Open file for writing.
-The file is created (if it does not exist) or truncated (if it exists).</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;wx&#39;</code> - Like <code>&#39;w&#39;</code> but fails if <code>path</code> exists.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;w+&#39;</code> - Open file for reading and writing.
-The file is created (if it does not exist) or truncated (if it exists).</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;wx+&#39;</code> - Like <code>&#39;w+&#39;</code> but fails if <code>path</code> exists.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;a&#39;</code> - Open file for appending.
-The file is created if it does not exist.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;ax&#39;</code> - Like <code>&#39;a&#39;</code> but fails if <code>path</code> exists.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;a+&#39;</code> - Open file for reading and appending.
-The file is created if it does not exist.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p><code>&#39;ax+&#39;</code> - Like <code>&#39;a+&#39;</code> but fails if <code>path</code> exists.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p><code>mode</code> sets the file mode (permission and sticky bits), but only if the file was
-created. It defaults to <code>0666</code>, readable and writable.</p>
-<p>The callback gets two arguments <code>(err, fd)</code>.</p>
-<p>The exclusive flag <code>&#39;x&#39;</code> (<code>O_EXCL</code> flag in <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/open.2.html">open(2)</a>) ensures that <code>path</code> is newly
-created. On POSIX systems, <code>path</code> is considered to exist even if it is a symlink
-to a non-existent file. The exclusive flag may or may not work with network file
-systems.</p>
-<p><code>flags</code> can also be a number as documented by <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/open.2.html">open(2)</a>; commonly used constants
-are available from <code>fs.constants</code>.  On Windows, flags are translated to
-their equivalent ones where applicable, e.g. <code>O_WRONLY</code> to <code>FILE_GENERIC_WRITE</code>,
-or <code>O_EXCL|O_CREAT</code> to <code>CREATE_NEW</code>, as accepted by CreateFileW.</p>
-<p>On Linux, positional writes don&#39;t work when the file is opened in append mode.
-The kernel ignores the position argument and always appends the data to
-the end of the file.</p>
-<p><em>Note: The behavior of <code>fs.open()</code> is platform specific for some flags. As such,
-opening a directory on OS X and Linux with the <code>&#39;a+&#39;</code> flag - see example below -
-will return an error. In contrast, on Windows and FreeBSD, a file descriptor
-will be returned.</em></p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">// OS X and Linux
-fs.open(&#39;&lt;directory&gt;&#39;, &#39;a+&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-  // =&gt; [Error: EISDIR: illegal operation on a directory, open &lt;directory&gt;]
-});
-// Windows and FreeBSD
-fs.open(&#39;&lt;directory&gt;&#39;, &#39;a+&#39;, (err, fd) =&gt; {
-  // =&gt; null, &lt;fd&gt;
-});
-</code></pre>
-<h2>fs.openSync(path, flags[, mode])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_opensync_path_flags_mode" id="fs_fs_opensync_path_flags_mode">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>flags</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Number&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_open_path_flags_mode_callback"><code>fs.open()</code></a>. Returns an integer representing the file
-descriptor.</p>
-<h2>fs.read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_read_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback" id="fs_fs_read_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>buffer</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>offset</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>length</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>position</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Read data from the file specified by <code>fd</code>.</p>
-<p><code>buffer</code> is the buffer that the data will be written to.</p>
-<p><code>offset</code> is the offset in the buffer to start writing at.</p>
-<p><code>length</code> is an integer specifying the number of bytes to read.</p>
-<p><code>position</code> is an integer specifying where to begin reading from in the file.
-If <code>position</code> is <code>null</code>, data will be read from the current file position.</p>
-<p>The callback is given the three arguments, <code>(err, bytesRead, buffer)</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.readdir(path[, options], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_readdir_path_options_callback" id="fs_fs_readdir_path_options_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.8</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html">readdir(3)</a>.  Reads the contents of a directory.
-The callback gets two arguments <code>(err, files)</code> where <code>files</code> is an array of
-the names of the files in the directory excluding <code>&#39;.&#39;</code> and <code>&#39;..&#39;</code>.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use for
-the filenames passed to the callback. If the <code>encoding</code> is set to <code>&#39;buffer&#39;</code>,
-the filenames returned will be passed as <code>Buffer</code> objects.</p>
-<h2>fs.readdirSync(path[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_readdirsync_path_options" id="fs_fs_readdirsync_path_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/readdir.3.html">readdir(3)</a>. Returns an array of filenames excluding <code>&#39;.&#39;</code> and
-<code>&#39;..&#39;</code>.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use for
-the filenames passed to the callback. If the <code>encoding</code> is set to <code>&#39;buffer&#39;</code>,
-the filenames returned will be passed as <code>Buffer</code> objects.</p>
-<h2>fs.readFile(file[, options], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_readfile_file_options_callback" id="fs_fs_readfile_file_options_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.29</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>file</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> filename or file descriptor</li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type">&lt;Null&gt;</a> default = <code>null</code></li>
-<li><code>flag</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;r&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronously reads the entire contents of a file. Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.readFile(&#39;/etc/passwd&#39;, (err, data) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(data);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>The callback is passed two arguments <code>(err, data)</code>, where <code>data</code> is the
-contents of the file.</p>
-<p>If no encoding is specified, then the raw buffer is returned.</p>
-<p>If <code>options</code> is a string, then it specifies the encoding. Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.readFile(&#39;/etc/passwd&#39;, &#39;utf8&#39;, callback);
-</code></pre>
-<p>Any specified file descriptor has to support reading.</p>
-<p><em>Note: If a file descriptor is specified as the <code>file</code>, it will not be closed
-automatically.</em></p>
-<h2>fs.readFileSync(file[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_readfilesync_file_options" id="fs_fs_readfilesync_file_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.8</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>file</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> filename or file descriptor</li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type">&lt;Null&gt;</a> default = <code>null</code></li>
-<li><code>flag</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;r&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_readfile_file_options_callback"><code>fs.readFile</code></a>. Returns the contents of the <code>file</code>.</p>
-<p>If the <code>encoding</code> option is specified then this function returns a
-string. Otherwise it returns a buffer.</p>
-<h2>fs.readlink(path[, options], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_readlink_path_options_callback" id="fs_fs_readlink_path_options_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/readlink.2.html">readlink(2)</a>. The callback gets two arguments <code>(err,
-linkString)</code>.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use for
-the link path passed to the callback. If the <code>encoding</code> is set to <code>&#39;buffer&#39;</code>,
-the link path returned will be passed as a <code>Buffer</code> object.</p>
-<h2>fs.readlinkSync(path[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_readlinksync_path_options" id="fs_fs_readlinksync_path_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/readlink.2.html">readlink(2)</a>. Returns the symbolic link&#39;s string value.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use for
-the link path passed to the callback. If the <code>encoding</code> is set to <code>&#39;buffer&#39;</code>,
-the link path returned will be passed as a <code>Buffer</code> object.</p>
-<h2>fs.readSync(fd, buffer, offset, length, position)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_readsync_fd_buffer_offset_length_position" id="fs_fs_readsync_fd_buffer_offset_length_position">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>buffer</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>offset</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>length</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>position</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_read_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback"><code>fs.read()</code></a>. Returns the number of <code>bytesRead</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.realpath(path[, options], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_realpath_path_options_callback" id="fs_fs_realpath_path_options_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/realpath.3.html">realpath(3)</a>. The <code>callback</code> gets two arguments <code>(err,
-resolvedPath)</code>. May use <code>process.cwd</code> to resolve relative paths.</p>
-<p>Only paths that can be converted to UTF8 strings are supported.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use for
-the path passed to the callback. If the <code>encoding</code> is set to <code>&#39;buffer&#39;</code>,
-the path returned will be passed as a <code>Buffer</code> object.</p>
-<h2>fs.realpathSync(path[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_realpathsync_path_options" id="fs_fs_realpathsync_path_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a>;</li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/realpath.3.html">realpath(3)</a>. Returns the resolved path.</p>
-<p>Only paths that can be converted to UTF8 strings are supported.</p>
-<p>The optional <code>options</code> argument can be a string specifying an encoding, or an
-object with an <code>encoding</code> property specifying the character encoding to use for
-the returned value. If the <code>encoding</code> is set to <code>&#39;buffer&#39;</code>, the path returned
-will be passed as a <code>Buffer</code> object.</p>
-<h2>fs.rename(oldPath, newPath, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_rename_oldpath_newpath_callback" id="fs_fs_rename_oldpath_newpath_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>oldPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>newPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rename.2.html">rename(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.renameSync(oldPath, newPath)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_renamesync_oldpath_newpath" id="fs_fs_renamesync_oldpath_newpath">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>oldPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>newPath</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rename.2.html">rename(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.rmdir(path, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_rmdir_path_callback" id="fs_fs_rmdir_path_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rmdir.2.html">rmdir(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.rmdirSync(path)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_rmdirsync_path" id="fs_fs_rmdirsync_path">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/rmdir.2.html">rmdir(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.stat(path, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_stat_path_callback" id="fs_fs_stat_path_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/stat.2.html">stat(2)</a>. The callback gets two arguments <code>(err, stats)</code> where
-<code>stats</code> is an <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a> object.</p>
-<p>In case of an error, the <code>err.code</code> will be one of <a href="errors.html#errors_common_system_errors">Common System Errors</a>.</p>
-<p>Using <code>fs.stat()</code> to check for the existence of a file before calling
-<code>fs.open()</code>, <code>fs.readFile()</code> or <code>fs.writeFile()</code> is not recommended.
-Instead, user code should open/read/write the file directly and handle the
-error raised if the file is not available.</p>
-<p>To check if a file exists without manipulating it afterwards, <a href="#fs_fs_access_path_mode_callback"><code>fs.access()</code></a>
-is recommended.</p>
-<h2>fs.statSync(path)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_statsync_path" id="fs_fs_statsync_path">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/stat.2.html">stat(2)</a>. Returns an instance of <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a>.</p>
-<h2>fs.symlink(target, path[, type], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_symlink_target_path_type_callback" id="fs_fs_symlink_target_path_type_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>target</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>type</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/symlink.2.html">symlink(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback. The <code>type</code> argument can be set to <code>&#39;dir&#39;</code>,
-<code>&#39;file&#39;</code>, or <code>&#39;junction&#39;</code> (default is <code>&#39;file&#39;</code>) and is only available on
-Windows (ignored on other platforms). Note that Windows junction points require
-the destination path to be absolute. When using <code>&#39;junction&#39;</code>, the <code>target</code>
-argument will automatically be normalized to absolute path.</p>
-<p>Here is an example below:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.symlink(&#39;./foo&#39;, &#39;./new-port&#39;);
-</code></pre>
-<p>It creates a symbolic link named &quot;new-port&quot; that points to &quot;foo&quot;.</p>
-<h2>fs.symlinkSync(target, path[, type])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_symlinksync_target_path_type" id="fs_fs_symlinksync_target_path_type">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>target</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>type</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/symlink.2.html">symlink(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.truncate(path, len, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_truncate_path_len_callback" id="fs_fs_truncate_path_len_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.8.6</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>len</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0</code></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/truncate.2.html">truncate(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are
-given to the completion callback. A file descriptor can also be passed as the
-first argument. In this case, <code>fs.ftruncate()</code> is called.</p>
-<h2>fs.truncateSync(path, len)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_truncatesync_path_len" id="fs_fs_truncatesync_path_len">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.8.6</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>len</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0</code></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/truncate.2.html">truncate(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>. A file descriptor can also be
-passed as the first argument. In this case, <code>fs.ftruncateSync()</code> is called.</p>
-<h2>fs.unlink(path, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_unlink_path_callback" id="fs_fs_unlink_path_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/unlink.2.html">unlink(2)</a>. No arguments other than a possible exception are given
-to the completion callback.</p>
-<h2>fs.unlinkSync(path)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_unlinksync_path" id="fs_fs_unlinksync_path">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/unlink.2.html">unlink(2)</a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.unwatchFile(filename[, listener])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_unwatchfile_filename_listener" id="fs_fs_unwatchfile_filename_listener">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>filename</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>listener</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Stop watching for changes on <code>filename</code>. If <code>listener</code> is specified, only that
-particular listener is removed. Otherwise, <em>all</em> listeners are removed and you
-have effectively stopped watching <code>filename</code>.</p>
-<p>Calling <code>fs.unwatchFile()</code> with a filename that is not being watched is a
-no-op, not an error.</p>
-<p><em>Note: <a href="#fs_fs_watch_filename_options_listener"><code>fs.watch()</code></a> is more efficient than <code>fs.watchFile()</code> and <code>fs.unwatchFile()</code>.
-<code>fs.watch()</code> should be used instead of <code>fs.watchFile()</code> and <code>fs.unwatchFile()</code>
-when possible.</em></p>
-<h2>fs.utimes(path, atime, mtime, callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_utimes_path_atime_mtime_callback" id="fs_fs_utimes_path_atime_mtime_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>atime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mtime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Change file timestamps of the file referenced by the supplied path.</p>
-<p>Note: the arguments <code>atime</code> and <code>mtime</code> of the following related functions
-follow these rules:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>The value should be a Unix timestamp in seconds. For example, <code>Date.now()</code>
-returns milliseconds, so it should be divided by 1000 before passing it in.</li>
-<li>If the value is a numeric string like <code>&#39;123456789&#39;</code>, the value will get
-converted to the corresponding number.</li>
-<li>If the value is <code>NaN</code> or <code>Infinity</code>, the value will get converted to
-<code>Date.now() / 1000</code>.</li>
-</ul>
-<h2>fs.utimesSync(path, atime, mtime)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_utimessync_path_atime_mtime" id="fs_fs_utimessync_path_atime_mtime">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.4.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>path</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>atime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>mtime</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_futimes_fd_atime_mtime_callback"><code>fs.utimes()</code></a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.watch(filename[, options][, listener])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_watch_filename_options_listener" id="fs_fs_watch_filename_options_listener">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.5.10</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>filename</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>persistent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type">&lt;Boolean&gt;</a> Indicates whether the process should continue to run
-as long as files are being watched. default = <code>true</code></li>
-<li><code>recursive</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type">&lt;Boolean&gt;</a> Indicates whether all subdirectories should be
-watched, or only the current directory. The applies when a directory is
-specified, and only on supported platforms (See <a href="#fs_caveats">Caveats</a>). default =
-<code>false</code></li>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> Specifies the character encoding to be used for the
- filename passed to the listener. default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>listener</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Watch for changes on <code>filename</code>, where <code>filename</code> is either a file or a
-directory.  The returned object is a <a href="#fs_class_fs_fswatcher"><code>fs.FSWatcher</code></a>.</p>
-<p>The second argument is optional. If <code>options</code> is provided as a string, it
-specifies the <code>encoding</code>. Otherwise <code>options</code> should be passed as an object.</p>
-<p>The listener callback gets two arguments <code>(eventType, filename)</code>.  <code>eventType</code> is either
-<code>&#39;rename&#39;</code> or <code>&#39;change&#39;</code>, and <code>filename</code> is the name of the file which triggered
-the event.</p>
-<p>Note that on most platforms, <code>&#39;rename&#39;</code> is emitted whenever a filename appears
-or disappears in the directory.</p>
-<p>Also note the listener callback is attached to the <code>&#39;change&#39;</code> event fired by
-<a href="#fs_class_fs_fswatcher"><code>fs.FSWatcher</code></a>, but it is not the same thing as the <code>&#39;change&#39;</code> value of
-<code>eventType</code>.</p>
-<h3>Caveats<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_caveats" id="fs_caveats">#</a></span></h3>
-<!--type=misc-->
-<p>The <code>fs.watch</code> API is not 100% consistent across platforms, and is
-unavailable in some situations.</p>
-<p>The recursive option is only supported on OS X and Windows.</p>
-<h4>Availability<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_availability" id="fs_availability">#</a></span></h4>
-<!--type=misc-->
-<p>This feature depends on the underlying operating system providing a way
-to be notified of filesystem changes.</p>
-<ul>
-<li>On Linux systems, this uses <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/inotify.7.html"><code>inotify</code></a></li>
-<li>On BSD systems, this uses <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?kqueue"><code>kqueue</code></a></li>
-<li>On OS X, this uses <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?kqueue"><code>kqueue</code></a> for files and <a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/FSEvents_ProgGuide/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40005289-CH1-SW1"><code>FSEvents</code></a> for directories.</li>
-<li>On SunOS systems (including Solaris and SmartOS), this uses <a href="http://illumos.org/man/port_create"><code>event ports</code></a>.</li>
-<li>On Windows systems, this feature depends on <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365465%28v=vs.85%29.aspx"><code>ReadDirectoryChangesW</code></a>.</li>
-<li>On Aix systems, this feature depends on <a href="https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-aix_event_infrastructure/"><code>AHAFS</code></a>, which must be enabled.</li>
-</ul>
-<p>If the underlying functionality is not available for some reason, then
-<code>fs.watch</code> will not be able to function. For example, watching files or
-directories can be unreliable, and in some cases impossible, on network file
-systems (NFS, SMB, etc), or host file systems when using virtualization software
-such as Vagrant, Docker, etc.</p>
-<p>You can still use <code>fs.watchFile</code>, which uses stat polling, but it is slower and
-less reliable.</p>
-<h4>Inodes<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_inodes" id="fs_inodes">#</a></span></h4>
-<!--type=misc-->
-<p>On Linux and OS X systems, <code>fs.watch()</code> resolves the path to an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode">inode</a> and
-watches the inode. If the watched path is deleted and recreated, it is assigned
-a new inode. The watch will emit an event for the delete but will continue
-watching the <em>original</em> inode. Events for the new inode will not be emitted.
-This is expected behavior.</p>
-<h4>Filename Argument<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_filename_argument" id="fs_filename_argument">#</a></span></h4>
-<!--type=misc-->
-<p>Providing <code>filename</code> argument in the callback is only supported on Linux and
-Windows.  Even on supported platforms, <code>filename</code> is not always guaranteed to
-be provided. Therefore, don&#39;t assume that <code>filename</code> argument is always
-provided in the callback, and have some fallback logic if it is null.</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.watch(&#39;somedir&#39;, (eventType, filename) =&gt; {
-  console.log(`event type is: ${eventType}`);
-  if (filename) {
-    console.log(`filename provided: ${filename}`);
-  } else {
-    console.log(&#39;filename not provided&#39;);
-  }
-});
-</code></pre>
-<h2>fs.watchFile(filename[, options], listener)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_watchfile_filename_options_listener" id="fs_fs_watchfile_filename_options_listener">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.31</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>filename</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>persistent</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Boolean_type" class="type">&lt;Boolean&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>interval</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>listener</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Watch for changes on <code>filename</code>. The callback <code>listener</code> will be called each
-time the file is accessed.</p>
-<p>The <code>options</code> argument may be omitted. If provided, it should be an object. The
-<code>options</code> object may contain a boolean named <code>persistent</code> that indicates
-whether the process should continue to run as long as files are being watched.
-The <code>options</code> object may specify an <code>interval</code> property indicating how often the
-target should be polled in milliseconds. The default is
-<code>{ persistent: true, interval: 5007 }</code>.</p>
-<p>The <code>listener</code> gets two arguments the current stat object and the previous
-stat object:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.watchFile(&#39;message.text&#39;, (curr, prev) =&gt; {
-  console.log(`the current mtime is: ${curr.mtime}`);
-  console.log(`the previous mtime was: ${prev.mtime}`);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>These stat objects are instances of <code>fs.Stat</code>.</p>
-<p>If you want to be notified when the file was modified, not just accessed,
-you need to compare <code>curr.mtime</code> and <code>prev.mtime</code>.</p>
-<p><em>Note: when an <code>fs.watchFile</code> operation results in an <code>ENOENT</code> error, it will
- invoke the listener once, with all the fields zeroed (or, for dates, the Unix
- Epoch). In Windows, <code>blksize</code> and <code>blocks</code> fields will be <code>undefined</code>, instead
- of zero. If the file is created later on, the listener will be called again,
- with the latest stat objects. This is a change in functionality since v0.10.</em></p>
-<p><em>Note: <a href="#fs_fs_watch_filename_options_listener"><code>fs.watch()</code></a> is more efficient than <code>fs.watchFile</code> and
-<code>fs.unwatchFile</code>. <code>fs.watch</code> should be used instead of <code>fs.watchFile</code> and
-<code>fs.unwatchFile</code> when possible.</em></p>
-<h2>fs.write(fd, buffer[, offset[, length[, position]]], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_write_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback" id="fs_fs_write_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.0.2</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>buffer</code> <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>offset</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>length</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>position</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Write <code>buffer</code> to the file specified by <code>fd</code>.</p>
-<p><code>offset</code> and <code>length</code> determine the part of the buffer to be written.</p>
-<p><code>position</code> refers to the offset from the beginning of the file where this data
-should be written. If <code>typeof position !== &#39;number&#39;</code>, the data will be written
-at the current position. See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/pwrite.2.html">pwrite(2)</a>.</p>
-<p>The callback will be given three arguments <code>(err, written, buffer)</code> where
-<code>written</code> specifies how many <em>bytes</em> were written from <code>buffer</code>.</p>
-<p>Note that it is unsafe to use <code>fs.write</code> multiple times on the same file
-without waiting for the callback. For this scenario,
-<code>fs.createWriteStream</code> is strongly recommended.</p>
-<p>On Linux, positional writes don&#39;t work when the file is opened in append mode.
-The kernel ignores the position argument and always appends the data to
-the end of the file.</p>
-<h2>fs.write(fd, string[, position[, encoding]], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_write_fd_string_position_encoding_callback" id="fs_fs_write_fd_string_position_encoding_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.11.5</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>string</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>position</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Write <code>string</code> to the file specified by <code>fd</code>.  If <code>string</code> is not a string, then
-the value will be coerced to one.</p>
-<p><code>position</code> refers to the offset from the beginning of the file where this data
-should be written. If <code>typeof position !== &#39;number&#39;</code> the data will be written at
-the current position. See <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/pwrite.2.html">pwrite(2)</a>.</p>
-<p><code>encoding</code> is the expected string encoding.</p>
-<p>The callback will receive the arguments <code>(err, written, string)</code> where <code>written</code>
-specifies how many <em>bytes</em> the passed string required to be written. Note that
-bytes written is not the same as string characters. See <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_method_buffer_bytelength_string_encoding"><code>Buffer.byteLength</code></a>.</p>
-<p>Unlike when writing <code>buffer</code>, the entire string must be written. No substring
-may be specified. This is because the byte offset of the resulting data may not
-be the same as the string offset.</p>
-<p>Note that it is unsafe to use <code>fs.write</code> multiple times on the same file
-without waiting for the callback. For this scenario,
-<code>fs.createWriteStream</code> is strongly recommended.</p>
-<p>On Linux, positional writes don&#39;t work when the file is opened in append mode.
-The kernel ignores the position argument and always appends the data to
-the end of the file.</p>
-<h2>fs.writeFile(file, data[, options], callback)<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_writefile_file_data_options_callback" id="fs_fs_writefile_file_data_options_callback">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.29</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>file</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> filename or file descriptor</li>
-<li><code>data</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type">&lt;Null&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0o666</code></li>
-<li><code>flag</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;w&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><code>callback</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" class="type">&lt;Function&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Asynchronously writes data to a file, replacing the file if it already exists.
-<code>data</code> can be a string or a buffer.</p>
-<p>The <code>encoding</code> option is ignored if <code>data</code> is a buffer. It defaults
-to <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code>.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.writeFile(&#39;message.txt&#39;, &#39;Hello Node.js&#39;, (err) =&gt; {
-  if (err) throw err;
-  console.log(&#39;It\&#39;s saved!&#39;);
-});
-</code></pre>
-<p>If <code>options</code> is a string, then it specifies the encoding. Example:</p>
-<pre><code class="lang-js">fs.writeFile(&#39;message.txt&#39;, &#39;Hello Node.js&#39;, &#39;utf8&#39;, callback);
-</code></pre>
-<p>Any specified file descriptor has to support writing.</p>
-<p>Note that it is unsafe to use <code>fs.writeFile</code> multiple times on the same file
-without waiting for the callback. For this scenario,
-<code>fs.createWriteStream</code> is strongly recommended.</p>
-<p><em>Note: If a file descriptor is specified as the <code>file</code>, it will not be closed
-automatically.</em></p>
-<h2>fs.writeFileSync(file, data[, options])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_writefilesync_file_data_options" id="fs_fs_writefilesync_file_data_options">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.29</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>file</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> filename or file descriptor</li>
-<li><code>data</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>options</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object" class="type">&lt;Object&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a><ul>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> | <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Null_type" class="type">&lt;Null&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;utf8&#39;</code></li>
-<li><code>mode</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a> default = <code>0o666</code></li>
-<li><code>flag</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a> default = <code>&#39;w&#39;</code></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<p>The synchronous version of <a href="#fs_fs_writefile_file_data_options_callback"><code>fs.writeFile()</code></a>. Returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>
-<h2>fs.writeSync(fd, buffer[, offset[, length[, position]]])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_writesync_fd_buffer_offset_length_position" id="fs_fs_writesync_fd_buffer_offset_length_position">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.1.21</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>buffer</code> <a href="buffer.html#buffer_class_buffer" class="type">&lt;Buffer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>offset</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>length</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>position</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<h2>fs.writeSync(fd, string[, position[, encoding]])<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_writesync_fd_string_position_encoding" id="fs_fs_writesync_fd_string_position_encoding">#</a></span></h2>
-<div class="api_metadata">
-<span>Added in: v0.11.5</span>
-</div><ul>
-<li><code>fd</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>string</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>position</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Number_type" class="type">&lt;Integer&gt;</a></li>
-<li><code>encoding</code> <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#String_type" class="type">&lt;String&gt;</a></li>
-</ul>
-<p>Synchronous versions of <a href="#fs_fs_write_fd_buffer_offset_length_position_callback"><code>fs.write()</code></a>. Returns the number of bytes written.</p>
-<h2>FS Constants<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_fs_constants_1" id="fs_fs_constants_1">#</a></span></h2>
-<p>The following constants are exported by <code>fs.constants</code>. <strong>Note:</strong> Not every
-constant will be available on every operating system.</p>
-<h3>File Access Constants<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_file_access_constants" id="fs_file_access_constants">#</a></span></h3>
-<p>The following constants are meant for use with <a href="#fs_fs_access_path_mode_callback"><code>fs.access()</code></a>.</p>
-<table>
-  <tr>
-    <th>Constant</th>
-    <th>Description</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>F_OK</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that the file is visible to the calling process.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>R_OK</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that the file can be read by the calling process.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>W_OK</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that the file can be written by the calling
-    process.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>X_OK</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that the file can be executed by the calling
-    process.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-<h3>File Open Constants<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_file_open_constants" id="fs_file_open_constants">#</a></span></h3>
-<p>The following constants are meant for use with <code>fs.open()</code>.</p>
-<table>
-  <tr>
-    <th>Constant</th>
-    <th>Description</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_RDONLY</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating to open a file for read-only access.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_WRONLY</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating to open a file for write-only access.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_RDWR</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating to open a file for read-write access.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_CREAT</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating to create the file if it does not already exist.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_EXCL</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that opening a file should fail if the
-    <code>O_CREAT</code> flag is set and the file already exists.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_NOCTTY</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that if path identifies a terminal device, opening the
-    path shall not cause that terminal to become the controlling terminal for
-    the process (if the process does not already have one).</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_TRUNC</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that if the file exists and is a regular file, and the
-    file is opened successfully for write access, its length shall be truncated
-    to zero.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_APPEND</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that data will be appended to the end of the file.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_DIRECTORY</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that the open should fail if the path is not a
-    directory.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-  <td><code>O_NOATIME</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating reading accesses to the file system will no longer
-    result in an update to the <code>atime</code> information associated with the file.
-    This flag is available on Linux operating systems only.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_NOFOLLOW</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that the open should fail if the path is a symbolic
-    link.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_SYNC</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating that the file is opened for synchronous I/O.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_SYMLINK</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating to open the symbolic link itself rather than the
-    resource it is pointing to.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_DIRECT</code></td>
-    <td>When set, an attempt will be made to minimize caching effects of file
-    I/O.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>O_NONBLOCK</code></td>
-    <td>Flag indicating to open the file in nonblocking mode when possible.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-<h3>File Type Constants<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_file_type_constants" id="fs_file_type_constants">#</a></span></h3>
-<p>The following constants are meant for use with the <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a> object&#39;s
-<code>mode</code> property for determining a file&#39;s type.</p>
-<table>
-  <tr>
-    <th>Constant</th>
-    <th>Description</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFMT</code></td>
-    <td>Bit mask used to extract the file type code.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFREG</code></td>
-    <td>File type constant for a regular file.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFDIR</code></td>
-    <td>File type constant for a directory.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFCHR</code></td>
-    <td>File type constant for a character-oriented device file.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFBLK</code></td>
-    <td>File type constant for a block-oriented device file.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFIFO</code></td>
-    <td>File type constant for a FIFO/pipe.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFLNK</code></td>
-    <td>File type constant for a symbolic link.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IFSOCK</code></td>
-    <td>File type constant for a socket.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-<h3>File Mode Constants<span><a class="mark" href="#fs_file_mode_constants" id="fs_file_mode_constants">#</a></span></h3>
-<p>The following constants are meant for use with the <a href="#fs_class_fs_stats"><code>fs.Stats</code></a> object&#39;s
-<code>mode</code> property for determining the access permissions for a file.</p>
-<table>
-  <tr>
-    <th>Constant</th>
-    <th>Description</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IRWXU</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating readable, writable and executable by owner.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IRUSR</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating readable by owner.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IWUSR</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating writable by owner.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IXUSR</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating executable by owner.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IRWXG</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating readable, writable and executable by group.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IRGRP</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating readable by group.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IWGRP</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating writable by group.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IXGRP</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating executable by group.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IRWXO</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating readable, writable and executable by others.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IROTH</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating readable by others.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IWOTH</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating writable by others.</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td><code>S_IXOTH</code></td>
-    <td>File mode indicating executable by others.</td>
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