nitro 0.10.0 → 0.11.0
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- data/AUTHORS +4 -1
- data/ChangeLog +290 -7
- data/README +3 -3
- data/RELEASES +94 -0
- data/Rakefile +7 -7
- data/benchmark/og/bench.rb +11 -10
- data/{ChangeLog.1 → doc/ChangeLog.1} +0 -0
- data/doc/apache.txt +9 -0
- data/doc/architecture.txt +1 -27
- data/doc/bugs.txt +11 -4
- data/doc/config.txt +22 -0
- data/doc/og_config.txt +35 -0
- data/doc/og_tutorial.txt +595 -0
- data/doc/tutorial.txt +22 -0
- data/examples/blog/conf/apache.conf +30 -0
- data/examples/blog/conf/lhttpd.conf +2 -2
- data/examples/blog/lib/blog/controller.rb +11 -2
- data/examples/blog/log/apache.error_log +5528 -0
- data/examples/blog/root/fcgi.rb +1 -1
- data/examples/blog/run.rb +9 -3
- data/examples/flash/run.rb +2 -2
- data/examples/no_xsl_blog/conf/apache.conf +30 -0
- data/examples/no_xsl_blog/conf/lhttpd.conf +1 -1
- data/examples/no_xsl_blog/lib/blog/controller.rb +2 -2
- data/examples/no_xsl_blog/log/apache.error_log +68 -0
- data/examples/no_xsl_blog/root/fcgi.rb +2 -2
- data/examples/no_xsl_blog/run.rb +3 -3
- data/examples/og/run.rb +1 -1
- data/examples/tiny/conf/apache.conf +29 -4
- data/examples/tiny/conf/lhttpd.conf +1 -1
- data/examples/tiny/log/apache.error_log +30 -0
- data/examples/tiny/root/fcgi.rb +2 -2
- data/examples/tiny/root/index.xhtml +1 -1
- data/examples/tiny/run.rb +3 -2
- data/examples/wee_style/run.rb +7 -9
- data/examples/why_wiki/README +5 -0
- data/examples/why_wiki/run.rb +57 -0
- data/examples/why_wiki/wiki.yml +6 -0
- data/examples/wiki.yml +1 -0
- data/lib/glue/array.rb +14 -33
- data/lib/glue/hash.rb +32 -53
- data/lib/glue/pool.rb +9 -12
- data/lib/glue/property.rb +31 -9
- data/lib/nitro.rb +30 -8
- data/lib/nitro/adapters/cgi.rb +23 -3
- data/lib/nitro/adapters/webrick.rb +9 -3
- data/lib/nitro/builders/form.rb +21 -13
- data/lib/nitro/builders/rss.rb +20 -9
- data/lib/nitro/builders/table.rb +69 -10
- data/lib/nitro/builders/xhtml.rb +13 -4
- data/lib/nitro/component.rb +15 -0
- data/lib/nitro/conf.rb +4 -3
- data/lib/nitro/context.rb +22 -14
- data/lib/nitro/controller.rb +63 -5
- data/lib/nitro/dispatcher.rb +11 -6
- data/lib/nitro/output.rb +28 -0
- data/lib/nitro/render.rb +78 -59
- data/lib/nitro/request.rb +5 -1
- data/lib/nitro/runner.rb +20 -6
- data/lib/nitro/session.rb +89 -18
- data/lib/nitro/session/drb.rb +31 -0
- data/lib/nitro/session/drbserver.rb +71 -0
- data/lib/nitro/session/memory.rb +13 -0
- data/lib/nitro/simple.rb +7 -0
- data/lib/nitro/ui/date-select.rb +2 -5
- data/lib/nitro/ui/pager.rb +4 -4
- data/lib/nitro/ui/tabs.rb +2 -4
- data/lib/nitro/uri.rb +7 -4
- data/lib/og.rb +20 -12
- data/lib/og/adapter.rb +40 -13
- data/lib/og/adapters/filesys.rb +121 -0
- data/lib/og/adapters/mysql.rb +10 -5
- data/lib/og/adapters/oracle.rb +374 -0
- data/lib/og/adapters/psql.rb +10 -23
- data/lib/og/adapters/sqlite.rb +3 -3
- data/lib/og/backend.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/og/connection.rb +6 -6
- data/lib/og/database.rb +5 -5
- data/lib/og/enchant.rb +6 -2
- data/lib/og/meta.rb +56 -26
- data/lib/og/mock.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/og/typemacros.rb +23 -0
- data/lib/parts/content.rb +4 -10
- data/test/nitro/adapters/tc_cgi.rb +1 -1
- data/test/nitro/builders/tc_rss.rb +1 -1
- data/test/nitro/builders/tc_table.rb +30 -0
- data/test/nitro/tc_context.rb +4 -0
- data/test/nitro/tc_controller.rb +9 -2
- data/test/og/tc_filesys.rb +83 -0
- data/test/og/tc_meta.rb +55 -0
- data/test/tc_og.rb +115 -36
- data/vendor/README +11 -5
- data/vendor/breakpoint.rb +35 -38
- data/vendor/breakpoint_client.rb +119 -80
- data/vendor/composite_sexp_processor.rb +43 -0
- data/vendor/parse_tree.rb +745 -0
- data/vendor/sexp_processor.rb +453 -0
- metadata +34 -7
- data/examples/no_xsl_blog/conf/app.conf.rb +0 -47
data/Rakefile
CHANGED
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ require 'rake/rdoctask'
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6
6
|
require 'rake/testtask'
|
7
7
|
require 'rake/gempackagetask'
|
8
8
|
|
9
|
-
og = false
|
9
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+
og = false
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10
10
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11
11
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task :default => :package
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12
12
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ task :default => :package
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14
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|
15
15
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Rake::TestTask.new do |t|
|
16
16
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t.libs << 'test'
|
17
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-
t.test_files = FileList['test/**/tc*.rb'].exclude('**/tc*og*.rb')
|
17
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+
t.test_files = FileList['test/**/tc*.rb'].exclude('**/tc*og*.rb').exclude('test/og/**/*')
|
18
18
|
t.verbose = true
|
19
19
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end
|
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20
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@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ end
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30
30
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|
31
31
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Rake::RDocTask.new do |rd|
|
32
32
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rd.main = 'README'
|
33
|
-
rd.rdoc_dir = 'rdoc'
|
34
|
-
rd.rdoc_files.include('README', 'INSTALL', 'lib/**/*.rb')
|
33
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+
rd.rdoc_dir = 'doc/rdoc'
|
34
|
+
rd.rdoc_files.include('README', 'INSTALL', 'doc/og_config.txt', 'doc/og_tutorial.txt', 'lib/**/*.rb')
|
35
35
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rd.options << '--all --inline-source'
|
36
36
|
end
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37
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@@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ spec = Gem::Specification.new do |s|
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|
91
91
|
s.summary = 'Nitro Web Engine'
|
92
92
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s.description =
|
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93
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'An efficient, multiparadigm and flexible platform for rapid ' +
|
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-
'web application development. Implements a full development stack
|
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-
|
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-
|
94
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+
'web application development. Implements a full development stack.'
|
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+
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97
96
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# s.add_dependency 'postgres-pr', '>= 0.3.0'
|
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97
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# s.add_dependency 'postgres', '>= 0.7.1'
|
98
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+
# s.add_dependency 'ParseTree', '>= 1.3.3'
|
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99
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s.add_dependency 'extensions', '>= 0.5'
|
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100
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# s.add_dependency 'sqlite3-ruby', '>= 1.0.0'
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# s.add_dependency 'mysql', '>= 2.5.1'
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data/benchmark/og/bench.rb
CHANGED
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
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1
1
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# * George Moschovitis <gm@navel.gr>
|
2
2
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# (c) 2004-2005 Navel, all rights reserved.
|
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-
# $Id: bench.rb
|
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+
# $Id: bench.rb 263 2005-02-23 13:45:08Z gmosx $
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4
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5
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-
|
5
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+
require 'og'; include Og
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6
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-
require 'og'
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-
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9
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-
GC.disable
|
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7
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|
11
8
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config = {
|
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9
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:adapter => 'sqlite',
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@@ -28,8 +25,8 @@ class Article
|
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end
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end
|
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27
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31
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-
|
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-
db =
|
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+
Database.drop_db!(config)
|
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+
db = Database.new(config)
|
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30
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|
34
31
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# Benchmark the insert speed. Useful for finding
|
35
32
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# the improvement when using prepared statements.
|
@@ -44,6 +41,8 @@ sum = 0
|
|
44
41
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min = 999999
|
45
42
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max = -min
|
46
43
|
|
44
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+
GC.disable
|
45
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+
|
47
46
|
10.times do |i|
|
48
47
|
|
49
48
|
db.exec "DELETE FROM #{Article::DBTABLE}"
|
@@ -69,6 +68,8 @@ max = -min
|
|
69
68
|
|
70
69
|
end
|
71
70
|
|
72
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-
puts
|
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-
|
74
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-
|
71
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+
puts %{
|
72
|
+
Min: #{min}
|
73
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+
Max: #{max}
|
74
|
+
Average: #{sum/10}
|
75
|
+
}
|
File without changes
|
data/doc/apache.txt
ADDED
data/doc/architecture.txt
CHANGED
@@ -1,28 +1,2 @@
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1
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+
= Architecture
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1
2
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2
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-
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-
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Client:
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Web Browsers, Mobile Phones, PDA, TV
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-
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HttpServer:
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handles .html, .gif/.jpg/.png, .css, .js, .swf, .ssi
|
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-
no loging, tuned for maximum performance, clustered
|
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-
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AppServer:
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handles dynamic pages, controller / actions (.sx, .si, .ss, .sc)
|
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loging, clustered
|
14
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-
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Cluster:
|
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make distributed by hash! (all servers have access to all stateservers)
|
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-
and multiplex access.
|
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-
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SyncServer:
|
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multiple servers for multiple services
|
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-
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DBServer:
|
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Database
|
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Clustered (rdbms)
|
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-
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DNSServer:
|
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-
Provides dns services, initial clustering support.
|
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-
(inherently clustered)
|
data/doc/bugs.txt
CHANGED
@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
|
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1
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+
= Bugs
|
1
2
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2
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-
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3
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+
=== Important
|
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4
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-
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+
* multipart handling in fcgi adapter.
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+
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=== Security
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8
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+
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9
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+
* you can get the xthml files in the WEBrick adapter.
|
10
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+
|
11
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+
=== Small
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12
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+
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+
* not correct content type in blog syndication.
|
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14
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|
6
|
-
- the script filenames contain '//' path should not contain
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7
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-
leading '/' ??
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data/doc/config.txt
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
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1
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+
= Configuration parameters
|
2
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+
|
3
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+
This file presents a complete list of Nitro Configuration
|
4
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Parameters.
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5
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+
|
6
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=== Session.store_type = :memory
|
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+
|
8
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Selects the mechanism employed for storing the sessions.
|
9
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+
Available values are:
|
10
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+
|
11
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[+:memory+]
|
12
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This is the default mechanism, sessions are stored
|
13
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+
in memory. Only useful in multithreaded environments
|
14
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+
like WEBrick.
|
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+
|
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[+:drb+]
|
17
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+
Distributed Sessions using DRb. An independed DRb
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+
server stores the sessions.
|
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+
|
20
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+
In the future there will be more options available (:memcache,
|
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+
:filesys, :db)
|
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+
|
data/doc/og_config.txt
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
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1
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+
= Og Configuration parameters
|
2
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+
|
3
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+
This file presents a complete list of Og configuration
|
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parameters.
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+
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=== Og.table_prefix = nil
|
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+
|
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+
Attach the given prefix to all generated SQL table names.
|
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+
Usefull on hosting scenarios where you have to run multiple
|
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+
applications/sites on a single database.
|
11
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+
|
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+
=== Og.auto_manage_classes = true
|
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+
|
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+
If true, use Ruby's advanced introspection capabilities to
|
15
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+
automatically manage classes that define properties.
|
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+
|
17
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+
=== Og.enchant_managed_classes = true
|
18
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+
|
19
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+
If true, the library automatically 'enchants' managed classes.
|
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+
In enchant mode, special db aware methods are added to
|
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managed classes and instances. If false, Og enchants only classes
|
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+
that define properties.
|
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+
|
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+
=== Og.create_schema = true
|
25
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+
|
26
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+
If set to true, Og attempts to recreate the database schema
|
27
|
+
to store the managed objects. If the table for an object class
|
28
|
+
exists, Og does not recreate it. It is useful to get Og to
|
29
|
+
automatically create the schema for your application on setup,
|
30
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+
or when you add a new managed class to your application. On
|
31
|
+
the downside, it inflicts a longer startup time on the
|
32
|
+
application, so it is better to set this to false in
|
33
|
+
production / live environments.
|
34
|
+
|
35
|
+
This option is by default true to facilitate easy development.
|
data/doc/og_tutorial.txt
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
|
|
1
|
+
= Og Tutorial
|
2
|
+
|
3
|
+
=== Introduction
|
4
|
+
|
5
|
+
Ruby is a wonderful object oriented language featuring a well
|
6
|
+
designed syntax and advanced constructs to bring the joy back
|
7
|
+
to programming. Creating the object model to describe your
|
8
|
+
problem domain is easy, but making this model persistent is
|
9
|
+
another story: you have to deal with relational databases
|
10
|
+
and the SQL language.
|
11
|
+
|
12
|
+
RDBMS systems are a proven and robust technology for storing
|
13
|
+
and querying data, but after experiencing the wonders of Ruby,
|
14
|
+
it is hard not to wish for a better way to integrate the OOP
|
15
|
+
and Relational paradigms.
|
16
|
+
|
17
|
+
Og makes your dream come true! Og stands for ObjectGraph and
|
18
|
+
provides a transparent way to make your objects persistent
|
19
|
+
while leveraging the full querying power of an RDBMS system.
|
20
|
+
In fact, Og is designed to use an RDBMS system like MySQL or
|
21
|
+
PostgreSQL to implement the actual data store where the
|
22
|
+
objects are serialized.
|
23
|
+
|
24
|
+
But, enough with the techno-babble, let's walk through a simple
|
25
|
+
example to give you a better idea of what Og can do.
|
26
|
+
|
27
|
+
|
28
|
+
=== Installing Og
|
29
|
+
|
30
|
+
The best way to install Og is through RubyGems. For example:
|
31
|
+
|
32
|
+
gem install og
|
33
|
+
|
34
|
+
In order to use Og with a specific RDBMS, you have to install
|
35
|
+
the corresponding Ruby binding. A list of supported RDBMS's
|
36
|
+
and information about the Ruby bindings can be found in the
|
37
|
+
README file.
|
38
|
+
|
39
|
+
Alternatively, you can install a .tar.gz or .zip distribution.
|
40
|
+
You can find these at the following URL:
|
41
|
+
|
42
|
+
http://www.rubyforge.com/projects/nitro
|
43
|
+
|
44
|
+
|
45
|
+
=== A Basic Blog Model
|
46
|
+
|
47
|
+
Blogs are in vogue. It seems that almost everyone is running a blog, and
|
48
|
+
many try to code one from scratch. We'll review the steps necessary
|
49
|
+
to generate the persistence model for a blog application using Og.
|
50
|
+
|
51
|
+
Let's start by designing the objects we'll use. Our simple Blog
|
52
|
+
will use these three objects:
|
53
|
+
|
54
|
+
# Blog category
|
55
|
+
|
56
|
+
class Category
|
57
|
+
attr_accessor :name
|
58
|
+
end
|
59
|
+
|
60
|
+
# Blog posting
|
61
|
+
|
62
|
+
class Post
|
63
|
+
attr_accessor :title
|
64
|
+
attr_accessor :body
|
65
|
+
attr_accessor :author
|
66
|
+
end
|
67
|
+
|
68
|
+
# Blog comment
|
69
|
+
|
70
|
+
class Comment
|
71
|
+
attr_accessor :title
|
72
|
+
attr_accessor :body
|
73
|
+
attr_accessor :author
|
74
|
+
end
|
75
|
+
|
76
|
+
As you can see, this is pure Ruby code. One of the features of
|
77
|
+
Ruby is dynamic typing. When defining the attributes of our
|
78
|
+
objects, we don't declare the actual type. However, in order to
|
79
|
+
persist the model in SQL, we need to provide some hints to Og.
|
80
|
+
|
81
|
+
Og provides a replacement to the attr* family of methods to
|
82
|
+
facilitate attaching metadata to the object's attributes. An
|
83
|
+
attribute that contains metadata is called a property. For
|
84
|
+
each attr* method, there is a corresponding prop* method. That is,
|
85
|
+
|
86
|
+
attr => prop
|
87
|
+
attr_accessor => prop_accessor
|
88
|
+
attr_reader => prop_reader
|
89
|
+
attr_writer => prop_writer
|
90
|
+
|
91
|
+
Here are the class definitions using the property mechanism:
|
92
|
+
|
93
|
+
require 'og'
|
94
|
+
|
95
|
+
class Category
|
96
|
+
prop_accessor :name, String
|
97
|
+
end
|
98
|
+
|
99
|
+
class Post
|
100
|
+
prop_accessor :title, String
|
101
|
+
prop_accessor :body, String
|
102
|
+
prop_accessor :author, String
|
103
|
+
prop_accessor :create_time, Time
|
104
|
+
prop_accessor :hits, Fixnum
|
105
|
+
end
|
106
|
+
|
107
|
+
class Comment
|
108
|
+
prop_accessor :title, String
|
109
|
+
prop_accessor :body, String
|
110
|
+
prop_accessor :author, String
|
111
|
+
prop_accessor :create_time, Time
|
112
|
+
end
|
113
|
+
|
114
|
+
Notice that the prop_accessor works similar to Ruby's attr_accessor.
|
115
|
+
Here are some examples:
|
116
|
+
|
117
|
+
prop :title, true, String
|
118
|
+
prop_reader :title, :body, :author, String
|
119
|
+
|
120
|
+
To make the definitions look even cleaner, Og provides the property alias:
|
121
|
+
|
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class Category
|
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+
property :name, String
|
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+
end
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
class Post
|
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|
+
property :title, String
|
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|
+
property :body, String
|
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|
+
property :author, String
|
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|
+
property :create_time, Time
|
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|
+
property :hits, Fixnum
|
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|
+
end
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
class Comment
|
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|
+
property :title, String
|
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|
+
property :body, String
|
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|
+
property :author, String
|
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|
+
property :create_time, Time
|
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|
+
end
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
This is most of the information that Og needs to manage these objects. Before we continue,
|
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|
+
we need to setup the actual RDBMS data store used by Og. Currently, Og has built-in adapters
|
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+
for PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite3, and Oracle. For this example, we'll use the PostgreSQL adapter,
|
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|
+
so add this code after the class definitions.
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
db = Og::Database.new(
|
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|
+
:database => 'test',
|
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|
+
:adapter => 'psql',
|
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|
+
:user => 'postgres',
|
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|
+
:password => 'navelrulez'
|
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|
+
)
|
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|
+
|
153
|
+
Now you are ready to save your first object into Postgres. Add the following code:
|
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+
|
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|
+
# create the object
|
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|
+
p = Post.new
|
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+
p.title = 'Hello'
|
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|
+
p.body = 'World'
|
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|
+
p.author = 'tml'
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
# save the object in the database
|
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|
+
p.save
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
That's it! Og works behind the scenes doing all the work for you.
|
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|
+
This simple command, p.save, does the following:
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
1. Creates the database 'test' if it doesn't exist.
|
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|
+
2. Creates a table to store Post objects if it doesn't exist.
|
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+
The table's columns map to the object properties.
|
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3. Creates SQL indices.
|
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4. Creates any needed sequences.
|
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|
+
5. Serializes the object into the table.
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
Issue the following SQL to see the result:
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
SELECT * FROM og_post
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
This is nice, but where does the #save method come from?
|
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|
+
Og uses Ruby's advanced introspection features to automatically
|
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|
+
'enchant' class that define properties. An enchanted class
|
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|
+
provides several methods that will be discussed in the following
|
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|
+
text. These enchanted classes are called *managed* classes.
|
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|
+
|
184
|
+
Before going on, let's look at another Og macro that eases object creation:
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
p = Post.create
|
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|
+
|
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|
+
Create automatically calls the save method. Here is another way to save the object:
|
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|
+
|
190
|
+
db << p
|
191
|
+
|
192
|
+
OR
|
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|
+
|
194
|
+
db.save(p)
|
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|
+
|
196
|
+
|
197
|
+
Let's create a Category object.
|
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|
+
|
199
|
+
cat = Category.new
|
200
|
+
cat.name = 'Programming'
|
201
|
+
cat.save
|
202
|
+
|
203
|
+
If you investigate the generated og_category table, you will
|
204
|
+
see an 'oid' column which serves as the primary key. This
|
205
|
+
column is added automatically by Og. You can use the oid
|
206
|
+
values to lookup objects:
|
207
|
+
|
208
|
+
cat = Category[1] # loads the category object with oid = 1
|
209
|
+
|
210
|
+
OR
|
211
|
+
|
212
|
+
cat = db.load(1, Category)
|
213
|
+
|
214
|
+
As a convenience, Og allows you to lookup the category
|
215
|
+
using the special property 'name':
|
216
|
+
|
217
|
+
cat = Category['Programming']
|
218
|
+
|
219
|
+
You can lookup objects by name only if the name property is
|
220
|
+
defined.
|
221
|
+
|
222
|
+
If you want to view Og's SQL, you can enable debug mode by setting this global
|
223
|
+
debug (DBG) variable:
|
224
|
+
|
225
|
+
$DBG = true
|
226
|
+
|
227
|
+
|
228
|
+
=== Customizing the Schema and Defining Relations
|
229
|
+
|
230
|
+
Og makes our blog model persistent through a simple interface. The next step is to
|
231
|
+
refine the schema and define relations between the objects:
|
232
|
+
|
233
|
+
class Post; end
|
234
|
+
class Comment; end
|
235
|
+
|
236
|
+
class Category
|
237
|
+
property :name, String
|
238
|
+
|
239
|
+
many_to_many :posts, Post
|
240
|
+
|
241
|
+
def initialize(title = nil)
|
242
|
+
@title = title
|
243
|
+
end
|
244
|
+
end
|
245
|
+
|
246
|
+
class Post
|
247
|
+
property :title, String, :sql => 'VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL'
|
248
|
+
property :body, String
|
249
|
+
property :author, String
|
250
|
+
property :create_time, Time
|
251
|
+
property :hits, Fixnum, :sql_index => true
|
252
|
+
|
253
|
+
has_many :comments, Comment
|
254
|
+
|
255
|
+
def initialize(title = nil, body = nil, author = nil)
|
256
|
+
@title, @body, @author = title, body, author
|
257
|
+
@create_time = Time.now
|
258
|
+
@hits = 0
|
259
|
+
end
|
260
|
+
end
|
261
|
+
|
262
|
+
class Comment
|
263
|
+
property :title, String, :sql => 'VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL'
|
264
|
+
property :body, String
|
265
|
+
property :author, String
|
266
|
+
property :create_time, Time
|
267
|
+
|
268
|
+
belongs_to :post, Post
|
269
|
+
|
270
|
+
def initialize(title = nil, body = nil, author = nil)
|
271
|
+
@title, @body, @author = title, body, author
|
272
|
+
@create_time = Time.now
|
273
|
+
end
|
274
|
+
end
|
275
|
+
|
276
|
+
Observe the :sql property option is used to refine
|
277
|
+
the generated column type for the title property of Post,
|
278
|
+
and how the :sql_index option is used to add an index to
|
279
|
+
the generated table.
|
280
|
+
|
281
|
+
Notice that the initialize methods provide default
|
282
|
+
values to all parameters. This is required for all managed objects.
|
283
|
+
|
284
|
+
Observe the many_to_many, has_many, and belongs_to macros.
|
285
|
+
Og uses these macros to define the relations between
|
286
|
+
standard Objects. In essence, Og defines a domain specific
|
287
|
+
mini language. The following kinds of relations are
|
288
|
+
supported:
|
289
|
+
|
290
|
+
* has_one: has one object of the given type.
|
291
|
+
|
292
|
+
* has_many: has many objects of the given type.
|
293
|
+
|
294
|
+
* belongs_to: belongs_to an object of the given type.
|
295
|
+
|
296
|
+
* many_to_many: defines a many-to-many relation. The corresponding
|
297
|
+
rows in the database are linked through a join table.
|
298
|
+
|
299
|
+
* refers_to: refers to another object.
|
300
|
+
|
301
|
+
These macros generate the constructs needed to efficiently implement
|
302
|
+
the corresponding relations. For example, the belongs_to macro generates
|
303
|
+
the property that links to the parent. The many_to_many relation generates
|
304
|
+
the join table that links the participating classes.
|
305
|
+
|
306
|
+
Note that we have to use forward definitions of Post and Comment to satisfy
|
307
|
+
Ruby's parser. Workarounds will be provided in a future version.
|
308
|
+
|
309
|
+
After defining these relations, using and querying the object model is easy:
|
310
|
+
|
311
|
+
cat = Category.create('Programming')
|
312
|
+
|
313
|
+
cat.add_post { |p|
|
314
|
+
p.title = 'Title'
|
315
|
+
p.body = 'Body
|
316
|
+
}
|
317
|
+
|
318
|
+
cat.add_post { |p|
|
319
|
+
p.title = 'Another'
|
320
|
+
p.body = 'Hello'
|
321
|
+
}
|
322
|
+
|
323
|
+
cat.posts
|
324
|
+
=> [Post(Title), Post(Another)]
|
325
|
+
|
326
|
+
cat.posts[0].title
|
327
|
+
=> Title
|
328
|
+
|
329
|
+
cat.posts.size
|
330
|
+
=> 2
|
331
|
+
|
332
|
+
p = Post[1]
|
333
|
+
p.title
|
334
|
+
=> Title
|
335
|
+
|
336
|
+
p.categories[0].title
|
337
|
+
=> 'Programming'
|
338
|
+
|
339
|
+
c = Comment.new('hello', 'world', 'tml')
|
340
|
+
c.post = p
|
341
|
+
c.save
|
342
|
+
|
343
|
+
p.comments.size
|
344
|
+
=> 1
|
345
|
+
|
346
|
+
p.add_comment { |c|
|
347
|
+
c.title = 'Hi there'
|
348
|
+
}
|
349
|
+
|
350
|
+
p.comments[1].title
|
351
|
+
=> 'Hi there'
|
352
|
+
|
353
|
+
com = Comment.new('Hi there')
|
354
|
+
p.add_comment(com)
|
355
|
+
|
356
|
+
All the methods used in the above examples are generated automatically.
|
357
|
+
These methods transparently modify the underlying SQL schema using efficient queries.
|
358
|
+
|
359
|
+
Og provides full access to all features of the underlying RDBMS. Look at the following:
|
360
|
+
|
361
|
+
post = Post.select("title='Title' and body='Body'")
|
362
|
+
post.size
|
363
|
+
=> 1
|
364
|
+
post.hits
|
365
|
+
=> 0
|
366
|
+
|
367
|
+
Updating existing objects is easy too:
|
368
|
+
|
369
|
+
p = Post[1]
|
370
|
+
p.title = 'Changed'
|
371
|
+
p.save
|
372
|
+
|
373
|
+
p = Post[1]
|
374
|
+
p.title
|
375
|
+
=> 'Changed'
|
376
|
+
|
377
|
+
You can also update specific properties, for example:
|
378
|
+
|
379
|
+
p = Post[1]
|
380
|
+
p.update_properties "body='Hello world'"
|
381
|
+
|
382
|
+
p = Post[1]
|
383
|
+
p.body
|
384
|
+
=> 'Hello world'
|
385
|
+
|
386
|
+
If you don't like a particular comment, you can easily delete it by doing the following:
|
387
|
+
|
388
|
+
Comment.delete(comment)
|
389
|
+
|
390
|
+
OR
|
391
|
+
|
392
|
+
comment.delete!
|
393
|
+
|
394
|
+
OR
|
395
|
+
|
396
|
+
db.delete(comment)
|
397
|
+
|
398
|
+
To delete all comments for a posting, enter the following:
|
399
|
+
|
400
|
+
p.delete_all_comments
|
401
|
+
|
402
|
+
When deleting an object that participates in relations, Og tries
|
403
|
+
to delete all objects that belong to this object (ie, cascade deletes).
|
404
|
+
|
405
|
+
All the generated methods take more parameters to customize their
|
406
|
+
behaviour to suit your needs.
|
407
|
+
|
408
|
+
|
409
|
+
=== Defining Callbacks
|
410
|
+
|
411
|
+
Og provides a detailed callback facility allowing you to hook
|
412
|
+
into a managed object's Lifecycle. This is a very useful
|
413
|
+
feature that can improve your code considerably. To implement
|
414
|
+
a callback, you have to define one or more of the following methods
|
415
|
+
in your class:
|
416
|
+
|
417
|
+
* og_pre_insert
|
418
|
+
* og_post_insert
|
419
|
+
* og_pre_update
|
420
|
+
* og_post_update
|
421
|
+
* og_pre_insert_update
|
422
|
+
* og_post_insert_update
|
423
|
+
* self.og_pre_delete
|
424
|
+
|
425
|
+
For example, the following code defines a callback for the Post class.
|
426
|
+
|
427
|
+
class Post
|
428
|
+
...
|
429
|
+
|
430
|
+
def og_post_insert(conn)
|
431
|
+
puts 'Hey, a new post was just posted!'
|
432
|
+
end
|
433
|
+
end
|
434
|
+
|
435
|
+
When post.save is called, you'll get this alert:
|
436
|
+
|
437
|
+
p = Post.create('Hello')
|
438
|
+
=> console: Hey, a new post was just posted!
|
439
|
+
|
440
|
+
|
441
|
+
=== Using OOP techniques
|
442
|
+
|
443
|
+
Og's managed objects are standard Ruby objects, so we can use class inheritance
|
444
|
+
and module inclusion to minimize the code we have to write. Here's how we can
|
445
|
+
improve the blog schema:
|
446
|
+
|
447
|
+
class Category
|
448
|
+
property :name, String
|
449
|
+
many_to_many :posts, Post
|
450
|
+
|
451
|
+
def initialize(title = nil)
|
452
|
+
@title = title
|
453
|
+
end
|
454
|
+
end
|
455
|
+
|
456
|
+
class Common
|
457
|
+
property :title, String, :sql => 'VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL'
|
458
|
+
property :body, String
|
459
|
+
property :author, String
|
460
|
+
property :create_time, Time
|
461
|
+
|
462
|
+
def initialize(title = nil, body = nil, author = nil)
|
463
|
+
@title, @body, @author = title, body, author
|
464
|
+
@create_time = Time.now
|
465
|
+
end
|
466
|
+
end
|
467
|
+
|
468
|
+
class Post < Common
|
469
|
+
property :hits, Fixnum, :sql_index => true
|
470
|
+
has_many :comments, Comment
|
471
|
+
|
472
|
+
def initialize(title = nil, body = nil, author = nil)
|
473
|
+
super
|
474
|
+
@hits = 0
|
475
|
+
end
|
476
|
+
end
|
477
|
+
|
478
|
+
class Comment < Common
|
479
|
+
belongs_to :post, Post
|
480
|
+
end
|
481
|
+
|
482
|
+
In essence, this feature allows you to create SQL tables using inheritance,
|
483
|
+
saving you lots of time when using objects with similar properties. It's also
|
484
|
+
less error prone.
|
485
|
+
|
486
|
+
|
487
|
+
=== Defining Validation Rules
|
488
|
+
|
489
|
+
When managing large amounts of data, enforcing data integrity is
|
490
|
+
important. Og provides another domain specific mini language that allows
|
491
|
+
you to define validation rules in a simple manner. In the following code,
|
492
|
+
the blog schema is enriched with hints that allows Og to automatically generate
|
493
|
+
validation code:
|
494
|
+
|
495
|
+
class Common
|
496
|
+
property :title, String, :sql => 'NOT NULL VARCHAR(32)'
|
497
|
+
property :body, String
|
498
|
+
property :author, String
|
499
|
+
property :create_time, String
|
500
|
+
|
501
|
+
validate_value :title
|
502
|
+
validate_length :body, :range => 2..100, :msg_long => 'argh'
|
503
|
+
validate_format :author, :format => /[a-z]/, :msg => 'wrong format'
|
504
|
+
|
505
|
+
def initialize(title = nil, body = nil, author = nil)
|
506
|
+
@title, @body, @author = title, body, author
|
507
|
+
@create_time = Time.now
|
508
|
+
end
|
509
|
+
end
|
510
|
+
|
511
|
+
This code demonstrates some validations facilities. Using the validate_value
|
512
|
+
macro, we enforce that the 'title' property will have a value. Using the
|
513
|
+
validate_length macro, we enforce the minimum and maximum lengths for the
|
514
|
+
'body' property. Using the validate_format macro, we enforce a required
|
515
|
+
format for values assigned to the 'author' field.
|
516
|
+
|
517
|
+
Let's see this validation in practice:
|
518
|
+
|
519
|
+
c = Comment.new
|
520
|
+
c.valid?
|
521
|
+
=> false
|
522
|
+
c.errors.count
|
523
|
+
=> 3
|
524
|
+
|
525
|
+
c.title = 'Hello'
|
526
|
+
c.valid?
|
527
|
+
c.errors.count
|
528
|
+
=> 2
|
529
|
+
|
530
|
+
The errors array contains a list of Error objects that point to the offending
|
531
|
+
field and contain a descriptive message.
|
532
|
+
|
533
|
+
With Og, you can customize almost everything! More information can be found in the source code
|
534
|
+
(lib/glue/validation.rb). To whet your appetite, here is a list of predefined validation macros:
|
535
|
+
|
536
|
+
* validate_value
|
537
|
+
* validate_format
|
538
|
+
* validate_length
|
539
|
+
* validate_inclusion
|
540
|
+
* validate_confirmation
|
541
|
+
|
542
|
+
|
543
|
+
=== TypeMacros
|
544
|
+
|
545
|
+
If you look at the common class definition, you will notice that the :sql
|
546
|
+
option looks kind of ugly:
|
547
|
+
|
548
|
+
:sql => 'VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL'
|
549
|
+
|
550
|
+
When building larger object models, this issue comes up frequently. Og
|
551
|
+
provides a elegant solution in the form of type macros:
|
552
|
+
|
553
|
+
def VarChar(size)
|
554
|
+
return String, :sql => "VARCHAR2(#{size}) NOT NULL"
|
555
|
+
end
|
556
|
+
|
557
|
+
property :title, VarChar(30)
|
558
|
+
|
559
|
+
|
560
|
+
=== Switching To Another Database
|
561
|
+
|
562
|
+
While Postgres is a great database, let's assume that the client wants to switch to
|
563
|
+
MySQL at the last minute. Don't worry, Og can easily accomodate this by simply changing
|
564
|
+
the db reference in the configuration file to look like this and then re-running the example:
|
565
|
+
|
566
|
+
db = Og::Database.new(
|
567
|
+
:database => 'test',
|
568
|
+
:adapter => 'mysql',
|
569
|
+
:user => 'postgres',
|
570
|
+
:password => 'navelrulez'
|
571
|
+
)
|
572
|
+
|
573
|
+
A new MySQL database is automatically created along with all tables, indices, etc. You get all
|
574
|
+
this with changing only one line of code!
|
575
|
+
|
576
|
+
|
577
|
+
=== Is There More?
|
578
|
+
|
579
|
+
You betcha! You can to find more about Og by reading the available RDoc documentation and browsing the examples.
|
580
|
+
|
581
|
+
For any questions regarding Og, feel free to ask on the ruby-talk
|
582
|
+
mailing list (which is mirrored to comp.lang.ruby) or contact
|
583
|
+
mailto:gm@navel.gr.
|
584
|
+
|
585
|
+
A Nitro specific mailing list is also available. You can post questions about
|
586
|
+
Og to this list. Please subscribe to nitro-general@rubyforge.com. The homepage
|
587
|
+
for this list is available here:
|
588
|
+
|
589
|
+
http://rubyforge.org/mailman/listinfo/nitro-general
|
590
|
+
|
591
|
+
Note that Og is still under heavy development, so new features are being added frequently.
|
592
|
+
Be sure to check back for updates.
|
593
|
+
|
594
|
+
|
595
|
+
|