nio4r 2.4.0 → 2.5.4

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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-  data.tar.gz: c0795ea1c7e4c3d9a0f6347ce69f3d937f0410618e80c217cc5c54c90bf44ddb
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+  data.tar.gz: d5186d282adfa316128165ca4d2ccae5322a0605b15508d47170f9f7517e3346
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data/.github/workflows/workflow.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: nio4r
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: >-
+      ${{matrix.os}}, ${{matrix.ruby}}
+    env:
+      CI: true
+      TESTOPTS: -v
+
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-16.04, ubuntu-18.04, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        ruby: [2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, jruby, truffleruby-head]
+        exclude:
+          - { os: windows-latest, ruby: jruby }
+          - { os: windows-latest, ruby: truffleruby-head }
+
+    steps:
+      - name: repo checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: load ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: ${{matrix.ruby}}
+
+      - name: RubyGems, Bundler Update
+        run: gem update --system --no-document --conservative
+
+      - name: bundle install
+        run: bundle install --path .bundle/gems --without development
+
+      - name: compile
+        run: bundle exec rake compile
+
+      - name: test
+        run: bundle exec rake spec
+        timeout-minutes: 10

data/.rubocop.yml

@@ -1,23 +1,40 @@
 AllCops:
-  TargetRubyVersion: 2.3
+  TargetRubyVersion: 2.4
   DisplayCopNames: true
 
+Layout/HashAlignment:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Layout/LineLength:
+  Max: 128
+
+Layout/SpaceAroundMethodCallOperator:
+  Enabled: false
+
 Layout/SpaceInsideBlockBraces:
   Enabled: false
 
 Style/IfUnlessModifier:
   Enabled: false
 
+Style/UnpackFirst:
+  Enabled: false
+
 #
 # Lint
 #
 
-Lint/HandleExceptions:
+Lint/SuppressedException:
   Enabled: false
 
 Lint/Loop:
   Enabled: false
 
+Lint/RaiseException:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Lint/StructNewOverride:
+  Enabled: false
 #
 # Metrics
 #
@@ -32,9 +49,6 @@ Metrics/BlockLength:
 Metrics/ClassLength:
   Max: 128
 
-Metrics/LineLength:
-  Max: 128
-
 Metrics/MethodLength:
   CountComments: false
   Max: 50
@@ -46,16 +60,12 @@ Metrics/PerceivedComplexity:
   Max: 15
 
 #
-# Performance
+# Style
 #
 
-Performance/RegexpMatch:
+Style/ExponentialNotation:
   Enabled: false
 
-#
-# Style
-#
-
 Style/FormatStringToken:
   Enabled: false
 
@@ -65,6 +75,15 @@ Style/FrozenStringLiteralComment:
 Style/GlobalVars:
   Enabled: false
 
+Style/HashEachMethods:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/HashTransformKeys:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/HashTransformValues:
+  Enabled: false
+
 Style/NumericPredicate:
   Enabled: false
 

data/CHANGES.md

@@ -1,3 +1,46 @@
+## 2.5.4 (2020-09-16)
+
+* [#251](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/issues/251)
+  Intermittent SEGV during GC.
+  ([@boazsegev])
+
+## 2.5.3 (2020-09-07)
+
+* [#241](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/issues/241)
+  Possible bug with Ruby >= 2.7.0 and `GC.compact`.
+  ([@boazsegev])
+
+## 2.5.2 (2019-09-24)
+
+* [#220](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/issues/220)
+  Update to libev-4.27 & fix assorted warnings.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* [#225](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/issues/225)
+  Avoid need for linux headers.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+## 2.4.0 (2019-07-07)
+
+* [#211](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/pull/211)
+  Enable KQUEUE on macOS 10.14+.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Bump minimum supported Ruby to 2.3.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Assorted fixes for TruffleRuby & JRuby.
+  ([@eregon], [@olleolleolle])
+Possible bug with Ruby >= 2.7.0 and `GC.compact`
+* Update libev to v4.25.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Bind to ephemeral (port 0) for more reliable specs.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Improve handling of SSL sockets and related specs.
+  ([@MSP-Greg])
+
 ## 2.3.1 (2018-05-03)
 
 * [#188](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/pull/188)
@@ -219,3 +262,6 @@
 [@HoneyryderChuck]: https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck
 [@tompng]: https://github.com/tompng
 [@ioquatix]: https://github.com/ioquatix
+[@eregon]: https://github.com/eregon
+[@olleolleolle]: https://github.com/olleolleolle
+[@boazsegev]: https://github.com/boazsegev

data/Gemfile

@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ group :development, :test do
   gem "coveralls", require: false
   gem "rake-compiler", require: false
   gem "rspec", "~> 3.7", require: false
-  gem "rubocop", "0.52.1", require: false
+  gem "rubocop", "0.82.0", require: false
 end

data/README.md

@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
 # ![nio4r](https://raw.github.com/socketry/nio4r/master/logo.png)
 
 [![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/nio4r.svg)](http://rubygems.org/gems/nio4r)
-[![Travis CI Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/socketry/nio4r.svg?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/socketry/nio4r)
-[![Appveyor Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/1ru8x81v91vaewax/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/tarcieri/nio4r/branch/master)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/workflows/nio4r/badge.svg?branch=master&event=push)](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/actions?query=workflow:nio4r)
 [![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/socketry/nio4r.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/socketry/nio4r)
 [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/socketry/nio4r/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/socketry/nio4r)
 [![Yard Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/yard-docs-blue.svg)](http://www.rubydoc.info/gems/nio4r/2.2.0)
-[![MIT licensed](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
-
-_NOTE: This is the 2.x **stable** branch of nio4r.  For the 1.x **legacy** branch,
-please see:_
-
-https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/tree/1-x-stable
 
 **New I/O for Ruby (nio4r)**: cross-platform asynchronous I/O primitives for
 scalable network clients and servers. Modeled after the Java NIO API, but
@@ -25,12 +18,14 @@ writing.
 ## Projects using nio4r
 
 * [ActionCable]: Rails 5 WebSocket protocol, uses nio4r for a WebSocket server
-* [Celluloid::IO]: Actor-based concurrency framework, uses nio4r for async I/O
-* [Socketry Async]: Asynchronous I/O framework for Ruby
+* [Celluloid]: Actor-based concurrency framework, uses nio4r for async I/O
+* [Async]: Asynchronous I/O framework for Ruby
+* [Puma]: Ruby/Rack web server built for concurrency
 
 [ActionCable]: https://rubygems.org/gems/actioncable
-[Celluloid::IO]: https://github.com/celluloid/celluloid-io
-[Socketry Async]: https://github.com/socketry/async
+[Celluloid]: https://github.com/celluloid/celluloid-io
+[Async]: https://github.com/socketry/async
+[Puma]: https://github.com/puma/puma
 
 ## Goals
 
@@ -41,11 +36,12 @@ writing.
 
 ## Supported platforms
 
-* Ruby 2.3
 * Ruby 2.4
 * Ruby 2.5
 * Ruby 2.6
-* JRuby 9000
+* Ruby 2.7
+* [JRuby](https://github.com/jruby/jruby)
+* [TruffleRuby](https://github.com/oracle/truffleruby)
 
 ## Supported backends
 
@@ -53,17 +49,6 @@ writing.
 * **Java NIO**: JRuby extension which wraps the Java NIO subsystem
 * **Pure Ruby**: `Kernel.select`-based backend that should work on any Ruby interpreter
 
-## Discussion
-
-For discussion and general help with nio4r, email
-[socketry+subscribe@googlegroups.com][subscribe]
-or join on the web via the [Google Group].
-
-We're also on IRC at ##socketry on irc.freenode.net.
-
-[subscribe]:    mailto:socketry+subscribe@googlegroups.com
-[google group]: https://groups.google.com/group/socketry
-
 ## Documentation
 
 [Please see the nio4r wiki](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/wiki)
@@ -94,13 +79,54 @@ to maintain a large codebase.
 [EventMachine]: https://github.com/eventmachine/eventmachine
 [Cool.io]: https://coolio.github.io/
 
+## Releases
+
+### CRuby
+
+```
+rake clean
+rake release
+```
+
+### JRuby
+
+You might need to delete `Gemfile.lock` before trying to `bundle install`.
+
+```
+rake clean
+rake compile
+rake release
+```
+
 ## License
 
-Copyright (c) 2011-2018 Tony Arcieri. Distributed under the MIT License.
-See [LICENSE.txt] for further details.
+Released under the MIT license.
+
+Copyright, 2019, by Tony Arcieri.  
+Copyright, 2019, by [Samuel G. D. Williams](http://www.codeotaku.com/samuel-williams).
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+### libev
+
+Released under the BSD license. See [ext/libev/LICENSE] for details.
 
-Includes libev 4.24. Copyright (c) 2007-2016 Marc Alexander Lehmann.
-Distributed under the BSD license. See [ext/libev/LICENSE] for details.
+Copyright, 2007-2019, by Marc Alexander Lehmann.
 
-[LICENSE.txt]: https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
 [ext/libev/LICENSE]: https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/blob/master/ext/libev/LICENSE

data/examples/echo_server.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-$LOAD_PATH.push File.expand_path("../../lib", __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.push File.expand_path("../lib", __dir__)
 require "nio"
 require "socket"
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class EchoServer
 
   def run
     loop do
-      @selector.select { |monitor| monitor.value.call(monitor) }
+      @selector.select { |monitor| monitor.value.call }
     end
   end
 

data/ext/libev/Changes

@@ -1,8 +1,27 @@
 Revision history for libev, a high-performance and full-featured event loop.
 
+4.27 Thu Jun 27 22:43:44 CEST 2019
+	- linux aio backend almost complete rewritten to work around its
+          limitations.
+        - epoll backend now mandatory for linux aio backend.
+        - fail assertions more aggressively on invalid fd's detected
+          in the event loop, do not just silently fd_kill in case of
+          user error.
+        - ev_io_start/ev_io_stop now verify the watcher fd using
+          a syscall when EV_VERIFY is 2 or higher.
+
+4.26 (EV only)
+	- update to libecb 0x00010006.
+	- new experimental linux aio backend (linux 4.18+).
+	- removed redundant 0-ptr check in ev_once.
+        - updated/extended ev_set_allocator documentation.
+        - replaced EMPTY2 macro by array_needsize_noinit.
+        - minor code cleanups.
+        - epoll backend now uses epoll_create1 also after fork.
+
 4.25 Fri Dec 21 07:49:20 CET 2018
         - INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: EV_THROW was renamed to EV_NOEXCEPT
-          (EV_THROW sitll provided) and now uses noexcept on C++11 or newer.
+          (EV_THROW still provided) and now uses noexcept on C++11 or newer.
 	- move the darwin select workaround highe rin ev.c, as newer versions of
           darwin managed to break their broken select even more.
 	- ANDROID => __ANDROID__ (reported by enh@google.com).

data/ext/libev/README

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ ABOUT
    - extensive and detailed, readable documentation (not doxygen garbage).
    - fully supports fork, can detect fork in various ways and automatically
      re-arms kernel mechanisms that do not support fork.
-   - highly optimised select, poll, epoll, kqueue and event ports backends.
+   - highly optimised select, poll, linux epoll, linux aio, bsd kqueue
+     and solaris event ports backends.
    - filesystem object (path) watching (with optional linux inotify support).
    - wallclock-based times (using absolute time, cron-like).
    - relative timers/timeouts (handle time jumps).

data/ext/libev/ev.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * libev event processing core, watcher management
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2007-2018 Marc Alexander Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2019 Marc Alexander Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modifica-
@@ -126,6 +126,15 @@
 #  define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
 # endif
    
+# if HAVE_LINUX_AIO_ABI_H
+#  ifndef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+#   define EV_USE_LINUXAIO EV_FEATURE_BACKENDS
+#  endif
+# else
+#  undef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+#  define EV_USE_LINUXAIO 0
+# endif
+   
 # if HAVE_KQUEUE && HAVE_SYS_EVENT_H
 #  ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
 #   define EV_USE_KQUEUE EV_FEATURE_BACKENDS
@@ -430,6 +439,14 @@
 # endif
 #endif
 
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+# include <sys/syscall.h>
+# if !SYS_io_getevents || !EV_USE_EPOLL /* ev_linxaio uses ev_poll.c:ev_epoll_create */
+#  undef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+#  define EV_USE_LINUXAIO 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
 #if EV_USE_INOTIFY
 # include <sys/statfs.h>
 # include <sys/inotify.h>
@@ -545,7 +562,7 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
 #define ECB_H
 
 /* 16 bits major, 16 bits minor */
-#define ECB_VERSION 0x00010005
+#define ECB_VERSION 0x00010006
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
   typedef   signed char   int8_t;
@@ -669,6 +686,7 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
 
 #ifndef ECB_MEMORY_FENCE
   #if ECB_GCC_VERSION(2,5) || defined __INTEL_COMPILER || (__llvm__ && __GNUC__) || __SUNPRO_C >= 0x5110 || __SUNPRO_CC >= 0x5110
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __asm__ __volatile__ ("" : : : "memory")
     #if __i386 || __i386__
       #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __asm__ __volatile__ ("lock; orb $0, -1(%%esp)" : : : "memory")
       #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __asm__ __volatile__ (""                        : : : "memory")
@@ -728,12 +746,14 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_ACQUIRE)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELEASE)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
 
   #elif ECB_CLANG_EXTENSION(c_atomic)
     /* see comment below (stdatomic.h) about the C11 memory model. */
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_ACQUIRE)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELEASE)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
 
   #elif ECB_GCC_VERSION(4,4) || defined __INTEL_COMPILER || defined __clang__
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __sync_synchronize ()
@@ -753,9 +773,10 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         MemoryBarrier () /* actually just xchg on x86... scary */
   #elif __SUNPRO_C >= 0x5110 || __SUNPRO_CC >= 0x5110
     #include <mbarrier.h>
-    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __machine_rw_barrier ()
-    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __machine_r_barrier  ()
-    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __machine_w_barrier  ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __machine_rw_barrier  ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __machine_acq_barrier ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __machine_rel_barrier ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __compiler_barrier ()
   #elif __xlC__
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __sync ()
   #endif
@@ -766,15 +787,9 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
     /* we assume that these memory fences work on all variables/all memory accesses, */
     /* not just C11 atomics and atomic accesses */
     #include <stdatomic.h>
-    /* Unfortunately, neither gcc 4.7 nor clang 3.1 generate any instructions for */
-    /* any fence other than seq_cst, which isn't very efficient for us. */
-    /* Why that is, we don't know - either the C11 memory model is quite useless */
-    /* for most usages, or gcc and clang have a bug */
-    /* I *currently* lean towards the latter, and inefficiently implement */
-    /* all three of ecb's fences as a seq_cst fence */
-    /* Update, gcc-4.8 generates mfence for all c++ fences, but nothing */
-    /* for all __atomic_thread_fence's except seq_cst */
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         atomic_thread_fence (memory_order_seq_cst)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE atomic_thread_fence (memory_order_acquire)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE atomic_thread_fence (memory_order_release)
   #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -804,6 +819,10 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
   #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE ECB_MEMORY_FENCE
 #endif
 
+#if !defined ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED && defined ECB_MEMORY_FENCE
+  #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED ECB_MEMORY_FENCE /* very heavy-handed */
+#endif
+
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
 #if ECB_CPP
@@ -1554,8 +1573,7 @@ ecb_binary32_to_binary16 (uint32_t x)
 # define ABSPRI(w) (((W)w)->priority - EV_MINPRI)
 #endif
 
-#define EMPTY       /* required for microsofts broken pseudo-c compiler */
-#define EMPTY2(a,b) /* used to suppress some warnings */
+#define EMPTY /* required for microsofts broken pseudo-c compiler */
 
 typedef ev_watcher *W;
 typedef ev_watcher_list *WL;
@@ -1590,6 +1608,10 @@ static EV_ATOMIC_T have_monotonic; /* did clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC) work?
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+# include <linux/aio_abi.h> /* probably only needed for aio_context_t */
+#endif
+
 /* define a suitable floor function (only used by periodics atm) */
 
 #if EV_USE_FLOOR
@@ -1724,7 +1746,7 @@ ev_syserr (const char *msg)
 }
 
 static void *
-ev_realloc_emul (void *ptr, long size) EV_NOEXCEPT
+ev_realloc_emul (void *ptr, size_t size) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   /* some systems, notably openbsd and darwin, fail to properly
    * implement realloc (x, 0) (as required by both ansi c-89 and
@@ -1740,17 +1762,17 @@ ev_realloc_emul (void *ptr, long size) EV_NOEXCEPT
   return 0;
 }
 
-static void *(*alloc)(void *ptr, long size) EV_NOEXCEPT = ev_realloc_emul;
+static void *(*alloc)(void *ptr, size_t size) EV_NOEXCEPT = ev_realloc_emul;
 
 ecb_cold
 void
-ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size) EV_NOEXCEPT) EV_NOEXCEPT
+ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, size_t size) EV_NOEXCEPT) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   alloc = cb;
 }
 
 inline_speed void *
-ev_realloc (void *ptr, long size)
+ev_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size)
 {
   ptr = alloc (ptr, size);
 
@@ -1781,7 +1803,7 @@ typedef struct
   WL head;
   unsigned char events; /* the events watched for */
   unsigned char reify;  /* flag set when this ANFD needs reification (EV_ANFD_REIFY, EV__IOFDSET) */
-  unsigned char emask;  /* the epoll backend stores the actual kernel mask in here */
+  unsigned char emask;  /* some backends store the actual kernel mask in here */
   unsigned char unused;
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
   unsigned int egen;    /* generation counter to counter epoll bugs */
@@ -1972,8 +1994,10 @@ array_realloc (int elem, void *base, int *cur, int cnt)
   return ev_realloc (base, elem * *cur);
 }
 
-#define array_init_zero(base,count)	\
-  memset ((void *)(base), 0, sizeof (*(base)) * (count))
+#define array_needsize_noinit(base,offset,count)
+
+#define array_needsize_zerofill(base,offset,count)	\
+  memset ((void *)(base + offset), 0, sizeof (*(base)) * (count))
 
 #define array_needsize(type,base,cur,cnt,init)			\
   if (expect_false ((cnt) > (cur)))				\
@@ -1981,7 +2005,7 @@ array_realloc (int elem, void *base, int *cur, int cnt)
       ecb_unused int ocur_ = (cur);				\
       (base) = (type *)array_realloc				\
          (sizeof (type), (base), &(cur), (cnt));		\
-      init ((base) + (ocur_), (cur) - ocur_);			\
+      init ((base), ocur_, ((cur) - ocur_));			\
     }
 
 #if 0
@@ -2018,7 +2042,7 @@ ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents) EV_NOEXCEPT
   else
     {
       w_->pending = ++pendingcnt [pri];
-      array_needsize (ANPENDING, pendings [pri], pendingmax [pri], w_->pending, EMPTY2);
+      array_needsize (ANPENDING, pendings [pri], pendingmax [pri], w_->pending, array_needsize_noinit);
       pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].w      = w_;
       pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].events = revents;
     }
@@ -2029,7 +2053,7 @@ ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents) EV_NOEXCEPT
 inline_speed void
 feed_reverse (EV_P_ W w)
 {
-  array_needsize (W, rfeeds, rfeedmax, rfeedcnt + 1, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (W, rfeeds, rfeedmax, rfeedcnt + 1, array_needsize_noinit);
   rfeeds [rfeedcnt++] = w;
 }
 
@@ -2126,7 +2150,7 @@ fd_reify (EV_P)
       unsigned char o_events = anfd->events;
       unsigned char o_reify  = anfd->reify;
 
-      anfd->reify  = 0;
+      anfd->reify = 0;
 
       /*if (expect_true (o_reify & EV_ANFD_REIFY)) probably a deoptimisation */
         {
@@ -2157,7 +2181,7 @@ fd_change (EV_P_ int fd, int flags)
   if (expect_true (!reify))
     {
       ++fdchangecnt;
-      array_needsize (int, fdchanges, fdchangemax, fdchangecnt, EMPTY2);
+      array_needsize (int, fdchanges, fdchangemax, fdchangecnt, array_needsize_noinit);
       fdchanges [fdchangecnt - 1] = fd;
     }
 }
@@ -2717,6 +2741,9 @@ childcb (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int revents)
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
 # include "ev_epoll.c"
 #endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+# include "ev_linuxaio.c"
+#endif
 #if EV_USE_POLL
 # include "ev_poll.c"
 #endif
@@ -2754,11 +2781,16 @@ ev_supported_backends (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   unsigned int flags = 0;
 
-  if (EV_USE_PORT  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_PORT;
-  if (EV_USE_KQUEUE) flags |= EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
-  if (EV_USE_EPOLL ) flags |= EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
-  if (EV_USE_POLL  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_POLL;
-  if (EV_USE_SELECT) flags |= EVBACKEND_SELECT;
+  if (EV_USE_PORT    ) flags |= EVBACKEND_PORT;
+  if (EV_USE_KQUEUE  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
+  if (EV_USE_EPOLL   ) flags |= EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
+
+#ifdef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+  if (EV_USE_LINUXAIO) flags |= EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO;
+#endif
+
+  if (EV_USE_POLL    ) flags |= EVBACKEND_POLL;
+  if (EV_USE_SELECT  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_SELECT;
   
   return flags;
 }
@@ -2784,6 +2816,11 @@ ev_recommended_backends (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
   flags &= ~EVBACKEND_POLL;   /* poll return value is unusable (http://forums.freebsd.org/archive/index.php/t-10270.html) */
 #endif
 
+  /* TODO: linuxaio is very experimental */
+#if !EV_RECOMMEND_LINUXAIO
+  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO;
+#endif
+
   return flags;
 }
 
@@ -2928,22 +2965,25 @@ loop_init (EV_P_ unsigned int flags) EV_NOEXCEPT
         flags |= ev_recommended_backends ();
 
 #if EV_USE_IOCP
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_IOCP  )) backend = iocp_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_IOCP    )) backend = iocp_init      (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_PORT
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_PORT  )) backend = port_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_PORT    )) backend = port_init      (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_KQUEUE
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE)) backend = kqueue_init (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE  )) backend = kqueue_init    (EV_A_ flags);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO)) backend = linuxaio_init  (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_EPOLL )) backend = epoll_init  (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_EPOLL   )) backend = epoll_init     (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_POLL
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_POLL  )) backend = poll_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_POLL    )) backend = poll_init      (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_SELECT
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_SELECT)) backend = select_init (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_SELECT  )) backend = select_init    (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 
       ev_prepare_init (&pending_w, pendingcb);
@@ -3008,22 +3048,25 @@ ev_loop_destroy (EV_P)
     close (backend_fd);
 
 #if EV_USE_IOCP
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_IOCP  ) iocp_destroy   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_IOCP    ) iocp_destroy     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_PORT
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_destroy   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT    ) port_destroy     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_KQUEUE
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_destroy (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE  ) kqueue_destroy   (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO) linuxaio_destroy (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_destroy  (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL   ) epoll_destroy    (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_POLL
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_POLL  ) poll_destroy   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_POLL    ) poll_destroy     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_SELECT
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_SELECT) select_destroy (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_SELECT  ) select_destroy   (EV_A);
 #endif
 
   for (i = NUMPRI; i--; )
@@ -3075,13 +3118,16 @@ inline_size void
 loop_fork (EV_P)
 {
 #if EV_USE_PORT
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_fork   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT    ) port_fork     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_KQUEUE
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_fork (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE  ) kqueue_fork   (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO) linuxaio_fork (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_fork  (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL   ) epoll_fork    (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_INOTIFY
   infy_fork (EV_A);
@@ -3586,11 +3632,13 @@ struct ev_poll_args {
 };
 
 static
-VALUE ev_backend_poll(void *ptr)
+void * ev_backend_poll(void *ptr)
 {
   struct ev_poll_args *args = (struct ev_poll_args *)ptr;
   struct ev_loop *loop = args->loop;
   backend_poll (EV_A_ args->waittime);
+
+  return NULL;
 }
 /* ######################################## */
 
@@ -3598,7 +3646,7 @@ int
 ev_run (EV_P_ int flags)
 {
 /* ########## NIO4R PATCHERY HO! ########## */
-    struct ev_poll_args poll_args;
+  struct ev_poll_args poll_args;
 /* ######################################## */
 
 #if EV_FEATURE_API
@@ -3951,10 +3999,13 @@ ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
   assert (("libev: ev_io_start called with negative fd", fd >= 0));
   assert (("libev: ev_io_start called with illegal event mask", !(w->events & ~(EV__IOFDSET | EV_READ | EV_WRITE))));
 
+#if EV_VERIFY >= 2
+  assert (("libev: ev_io_start called on watcher with invalid fd", fd_valid (fd)));
+#endif
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
-  array_needsize (ANFD, anfds, anfdmax, fd + 1, array_init_zero);
+  array_needsize (ANFD, anfds, anfdmax, fd + 1, array_needsize_zerofill);
   wlist_add (&anfds[fd].head, (WL)w);
 
   /* common bug, apparently */
@@ -3976,6 +4027,9 @@ ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 
   assert (("libev: ev_io_stop called with illegal fd (must stay constant after start!)", w->fd >= 0 && w->fd < anfdmax));
 
+#if EV_VERIFY >= 2
+  assert (("libev: ev_io_stop called on watcher with invalid fd", fd_valid (w->fd)));
+#endif
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   wlist_del (&anfds[w->fd].head, (WL)w);
@@ -4001,7 +4055,7 @@ ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 
   ++timercnt;
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, timercnt + HEAP0 - 1);
-  array_needsize (ANHE, timers, timermax, ev_active (w) + 1, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ANHE, timers, timermax, ev_active (w) + 1, array_needsize_noinit);
   ANHE_w (timers [ev_active (w)]) = (WT)w;
   ANHE_at_cache (timers [ev_active (w)]);
   upheap (timers, ev_active (w));
@@ -4098,7 +4152,7 @@ ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 
   ++periodiccnt;
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, periodiccnt + HEAP0 - 1);
-  array_needsize (ANHE, periodics, periodicmax, ev_active (w) + 1, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ANHE, periodics, periodicmax, ev_active (w) + 1, array_needsize_noinit);
   ANHE_w (periodics [ev_active (w)]) = (WT)w;
   ANHE_at_cache (periodics [ev_active (w)]);
   upheap (periodics, ev_active (w));
@@ -4693,7 +4747,7 @@ ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
     ++idleall;
     ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, active);
 
-    array_needsize (ev_idle *, idles [ABSPRI (w)], idlemax [ABSPRI (w)], active, EMPTY2);
+    array_needsize (ev_idle *, idles [ABSPRI (w)], idlemax [ABSPRI (w)], active, array_needsize_noinit);
     idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1] = w;
   }
 
@@ -4733,7 +4787,7 @@ ev_prepare_start (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++preparecnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_prepare *, prepares, preparemax, preparecnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_prepare *, prepares, preparemax, preparecnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   prepares [preparecnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
@@ -4771,7 +4825,7 @@ ev_check_start (EV_P_ ev_check *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++checkcnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_check *, checks, checkmax, checkcnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_check *, checks, checkmax, checkcnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   checks [checkcnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
@@ -4919,7 +4973,7 @@ ev_fork_start (EV_P_ ev_fork *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++forkcnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_fork *, forks, forkmax, forkcnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_fork *, forks, forkmax, forkcnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   forks [forkcnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
@@ -4957,7 +5011,7 @@ ev_cleanup_start (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++cleanupcnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_cleanup *, cleanups, cleanupmax, cleanupcnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_cleanup *, cleanups, cleanupmax, cleanupcnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   cleanups [cleanupcnt - 1] = w;
 
   /* cleanup watchers should never keep a refcount on the loop */
@@ -5002,7 +5056,7 @@ ev_async_start (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++asynccnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_async *, asyncs, asyncmax, asynccnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_async *, asyncs, asyncmax, asynccnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   asyncs [asynccnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
@@ -5081,12 +5135,6 @@ ev_once (EV_P_ int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, void (*cb)(int revents, vo
 {
   struct ev_once *once = (struct ev_once *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_once));
 
-  if (expect_false (!once))
-    {
-      cb (EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE | EV_TIMER, arg);
-      return;
-    }
-
   once->cb  = cb;
   once->arg = arg;