nio4r 2.3.1-java → 2.5.3-java

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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-  data.tar.gz: 002e8e31de2d8684c5a04aa224de9a21ab9f3faeda6aa32e89d3642da2160e89
+  metadata.gz: e0a7d6c47bf4c20b6b863e848f4323a43d72fce5715627c5d30b95860f64139f
+  data.tar.gz: e00c20672ac8d7f58793434bcefa9cd3a390f86766aa2982d845df1d2ceb8907
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data/.github/workflows/workflow.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: nio4r
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: >-
+      ${{matrix.os}}, ${{matrix.ruby}}
+    env:
+      CI: true
+      TESTOPTS: -v
+
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-16.04, ubuntu-18.04, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        ruby: [2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, jruby, truffleruby-head]
+        exclude:
+          - { os: windows-latest, ruby: jruby }
+          - { os: windows-latest, ruby: truffleruby-head }
+
+    steps:
+      - name: repo checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: load ruby
+        uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
+        with:
+          ruby-version: ${{matrix.ruby}}
+
+      - name: RubyGems, Bundler Update
+        run: gem update --system --no-document --conservative
+
+      - name: bundle install
+        run: bundle install --path .bundle/gems --without development
+
+      - name: compile
+        run: bundle exec rake compile
+
+      - name: test
+        run: bundle exec rake spec
+        timeout-minutes: 10

data/.gitignore

@@ -18,3 +18,4 @@ tmp
 lib/nio4r_ext.*
 ext/**/*.o
 ext/**/nio4r_ext.*
+.rspec_status

data/.rubocop.yml

@@ -1,17 +1,40 @@
 AllCops:
-  TargetRubyVersion: 2.2
+  TargetRubyVersion: 2.4
   DisplayCopNames: true
 
+Layout/HashAlignment:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Layout/LineLength:
+  Max: 128
+
+Layout/SpaceAroundMethodCallOperator:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Layout/SpaceInsideBlockBraces:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/IfUnlessModifier:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/UnpackFirst:
+  Enabled: false
+
 #
 # Lint
 #
 
-Lint/HandleExceptions:
+Lint/SuppressedException:
   Enabled: false
 
 Lint/Loop:
   Enabled: false
 
+Lint/RaiseException:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Lint/StructNewOverride:
+  Enabled: false
 #
 # Metrics
 #
@@ -21,13 +44,11 @@ Metrics/AbcSize:
 
 Metrics/BlockLength:
   Max: 128
+  Enabled: false
 
 Metrics/ClassLength:
   Max: 128
 
-Metrics/LineLength:
-  Max: 128
-
 Metrics/MethodLength:
   CountComments: false
   Max: 50
@@ -39,16 +60,12 @@ Metrics/PerceivedComplexity:
   Max: 15
 
 #
-# Performance
+# Style
 #
 
-Performance/RegexpMatch:
+Style/ExponentialNotation:
   Enabled: false
 
-#
-# Style
-#
-
 Style/FormatStringToken:
   Enabled: false
 
@@ -58,6 +75,15 @@ Style/FrozenStringLiteralComment:
 Style/GlobalVars:
   Enabled: false
 
+Style/HashEachMethods:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/HashTransformKeys:
+  Enabled: false
+
+Style/HashTransformValues:
+  Enabled: false
+
 Style/NumericPredicate:
   Enabled: false
 

data/CHANGES.md

@@ -1,3 +1,40 @@
+## 2.5.3 (2020-09-07)
+
+* [#241](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/issues/241)
+  Possible bug with Ruby >= 2.7.0 and `GC.compact`.
+  ([@boazsegev])
+
+## 2.5.2 (2019-09-24)
+
+* [#220](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/issues/220)
+  Update to libev-4.27 & fix assorted warnings.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* [#225](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/issues/225)
+  Avoid need for linux headers.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+## 2.4.0 (2019-07-07)
+
+* [#211](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/pull/211)
+  Enable KQUEUE on macOS 10.14+.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Bump minimum supported Ruby to 2.3.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Assorted fixes for TruffleRuby & JRuby.
+  ([@eregon], [@olleolleolle])
+Possible bug with Ruby >= 2.7.0 and `GC.compact`
+* Update libev to v4.25.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Bind to ephemeral (port 0) for more reliable specs.
+  ([@ioquatix])
+
+* Improve handling of SSL sockets and related specs.
+  ([@MSP-Greg])
+
 ## 2.3.1 (2018-05-03)
 
 * [#188](https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/pull/188)
@@ -219,3 +256,6 @@
 [@HoneyryderChuck]: https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck
 [@tompng]: https://github.com/tompng
 [@ioquatix]: https://github.com/ioquatix
+[@eregon]: https://github.com/eregon
+[@olleolleolle]: https://github.com/olleolleolle
+[@boazsegev]: https://github.com/boazsegev

data/Gemfile

@@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ gem "jruby-openssl" if defined? JRUBY_VERSION
 
 group :development do
   gem "guard-rspec", require: false
-  gem "pry",         require: false
+  gem "pry", require: false
 end
 
 group :development, :test do
-  gem "coveralls",         require: false
-  gem "rake-compiler",     require: false
-  gem "rspec", "~> 3.7",   require: false
-  gem "rspec-retry",       require: false
-  gem "rubocop", "0.52.1", require: false
+  gem "coveralls", require: false
+  gem "rake-compiler", require: false
+  gem "rspec", "~> 3.7", require: false
+  gem "rubocop", "0.82.0", require: false
 end

data/README.md

@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@ writing.
 * [ActionCable]: Rails 5 WebSocket protocol, uses nio4r for a WebSocket server
 * [Celluloid::IO]: Actor-based concurrency framework, uses nio4r for async I/O
 * [Socketry Async]: Asynchronous I/O framework for Ruby
+* [Puma]: Ruby/Rack web server built for concurrency
 
 [ActionCable]: https://rubygems.org/gems/actioncable
 [Celluloid::IO]: https://github.com/celluloid/celluloid-io
 [Socketry Async]: https://github.com/socketry/async
+[Puma]: https://github.com/puma/puma
 
 ## Goals
 
@@ -41,10 +43,13 @@ writing.
 
 ## Supported platforms
 
-* Ruby 2.2.2+
 * Ruby 2.3
 * Ruby 2.4
-* JRuby 9000
+* Ruby 2.5
+* Ruby 2.6
+* Ruby 2.7
+* [JRuby](https://github.com/jruby/jruby)
+* [TruffleRuby](https://github.com/oracle/truffleruby)
 
 ## Supported backends
 
@@ -93,13 +98,54 @@ to maintain a large codebase.
 [EventMachine]: https://github.com/eventmachine/eventmachine
 [Cool.io]: https://coolio.github.io/
 
+## Releases
+
+### CRuby
+
+```
+rake clean
+rake release
+```
+
+### JRuby
+
+You might need to delete `Gemfile.lock` before trying to `bundle install`.
+
+```
+rake clean
+rake compile
+rake release
+```
+
 ## License
 
-Copyright (c) 2011-2018 Tony Arcieri. Distributed under the MIT License.
-See [LICENSE.txt] for further details.
+Released under the MIT license.
+
+Copyright, 2019, by Tony Arcieri.  
+Copyright, 2019, by [Samuel G. D. Williams](http://www.codeotaku.com/samuel-williams).
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+### libev
+
+Released under the BSD license. See [ext/libev/LICENSE] for details.
 
-Includes libev 4.24. Copyright (c) 2007-2016 Marc Alexander Lehmann.
-Distributed under the BSD license. See [ext/libev/LICENSE] for details.
+Copyright, 2007-2019, by Marc Alexander Lehmann.
 
-[LICENSE.txt]: https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
 [ext/libev/LICENSE]: https://github.com/socketry/nio4r/blob/master/ext/libev/LICENSE

data/Rakefile

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 require "bundler/gem_tasks"
 require "rake/clean"
 
-Dir[File.expand_path("../tasks/**/*.rake", __FILE__)].each { |task| load task }
-
 task default: %w[compile spec rubocop]
 
 CLEAN.include "**/*.o", "**/*.so", "**/*.bundle", "**/*.jar", "pkg", "tmp"

data/examples/echo_server.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-$LOAD_PATH.push File.expand_path("../../lib", __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.push File.expand_path("../lib", __dir__)
 require "nio"
 require "socket"
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class EchoServer
 
   def run
     loop do
-      @selector.select { |monitor| monitor.value.call(monitor) }
+      @selector.select { |monitor| monitor.value.call }
     end
   end
 

data/ext/libev/Changes

@@ -1,5 +1,40 @@
 Revision history for libev, a high-performance and full-featured event loop.
 
+4.27 Thu Jun 27 22:43:44 CEST 2019
+	- linux aio backend almost complete rewritten to work around its
+          limitations.
+        - epoll backend now mandatory for linux aio backend.
+        - fail assertions more aggressively on invalid fd's detected
+          in the event loop, do not just silently fd_kill in case of
+          user error.
+        - ev_io_start/ev_io_stop now verify the watcher fd using
+          a syscall when EV_VERIFY is 2 or higher.
+
+4.26 (EV only)
+	- update to libecb 0x00010006.
+	- new experimental linux aio backend (linux 4.18+).
+	- removed redundant 0-ptr check in ev_once.
+        - updated/extended ev_set_allocator documentation.
+        - replaced EMPTY2 macro by array_needsize_noinit.
+        - minor code cleanups.
+        - epoll backend now uses epoll_create1 also after fork.
+
+4.25 Fri Dec 21 07:49:20 CET 2018
+        - INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE: EV_THROW was renamed to EV_NOEXCEPT
+          (EV_THROW still provided) and now uses noexcept on C++11 or newer.
+	- move the darwin select workaround highe rin ev.c, as newer versions of
+          darwin managed to break their broken select even more.
+	- ANDROID => __ANDROID__ (reported by enh@google.com).
+        - disable epoll_create1 on android because it has broken header files
+          and google is unwilling to fix them (reported by enh@google.com).
+        - avoid a minor compilation warning on win32.
+        - c++: remove deprecated dynamic throw() specifications.
+        - c++: improve the (unsupported) bad_loop exception class.
+        - backport perl ev_periodic example to C, untested.
+        - update libecb, biggets change is to include a memory fence
+          in ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE on x86/amd64.
+        - minor autoconf/automake modernisation.
+
 4.24 Wed Dec 28 05:19:55 CET 2016
 	- bump version to 4.24, as the release tarball inexplicably
           didn't have the right version in ev.h, even though the cvs-tagged

data/ext/libev/README

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ ABOUT
    - extensive and detailed, readable documentation (not doxygen garbage).
    - fully supports fork, can detect fork in various ways and automatically
      re-arms kernel mechanisms that do not support fork.
-   - highly optimised select, poll, epoll, kqueue and event ports backends.
+   - highly optimised select, poll, linux epoll, linux aio, bsd kqueue
+     and solaris event ports backends.
    - filesystem object (path) watching (with optional linux inotify support).
    - wallclock-based times (using absolute time, cron-like).
    - relative timers/timeouts (handle time jumps).

data/ext/libev/ev.c

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * libev event processing core, watcher management
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 Marc Alexander Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>
+ * Copyright (c) 2007-2019 Marc Alexander Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modifica-
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@
 /* ########## NIO4R PATCHERY HO! ########## */
 #include "ruby.h"
 #include "ruby/thread.h"
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+#endif
 /* ######################################## */
 
 /* this big block deduces configuration from config.h */
@@ -122,6 +126,15 @@
 #  define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
 # endif
    
+# if HAVE_LINUX_AIO_ABI_H
+#  ifndef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+#   define EV_USE_LINUXAIO EV_FEATURE_BACKENDS
+#  endif
+# else
+#  undef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+#  define EV_USE_LINUXAIO 0
+# endif
+   
 # if HAVE_KQUEUE && HAVE_SYS_EVENT_H
 #  ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
 #   define EV_USE_KQUEUE EV_FEATURE_BACKENDS
@@ -169,6 +182,16 @@
  
 #endif
 
+/* OS X, in its infinite idiocy, actually HARDCODES
+ * a limit of 1024 into their select. Where people have brains,
+ * OS X engineers apparently have a vacuum. Or maybe they were
+ * ordered to have a vacuum, or they do anything for money.
+ * This might help. Or not.
+ * Note that this must be defined early, as other include files
+ * will rely on this define as well.
+ */
+#define _DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT 1
+
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -216,14 +239,6 @@
 # undef EV_AVOID_STDIO
 #endif
 
-/* OS X, in its infinite idiocy, actually HARDCODES
- * a limit of 1024 into their select. Where people have brains,
- * OS X engineers apparently have a vacuum. Or maybe they were
- * ordered to have a vacuum, or they do anything for money.
- * This might help. Or not.
- */
-#define _DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT 1
-
 /* this block tries to deduce configuration from header-defined symbols and defaults */
 
 /* try to deduce the maximum number of signals on this platform */
@@ -370,7 +385,7 @@
 # define EV_HEAP_CACHE_AT EV_FEATURE_DATA
 #endif
 
-#ifdef ANDROID
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
 /* supposedly, android doesn't typedef fd_mask */
 # undef EV_USE_SELECT
 # define EV_USE_SELECT 0
@@ -424,6 +439,14 @@
 # endif
 #endif
 
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+# include <sys/syscall.h>
+# if !SYS_io_getevents || !EV_USE_EPOLL /* ev_linxaio uses ev_poll.c:ev_epoll_create */
+#  undef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+#  define EV_USE_LINUXAIO 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
 #if EV_USE_INOTIFY
 # include <sys/statfs.h>
 # include <sys/inotify.h>
@@ -539,7 +562,7 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
 #define ECB_H
 
 /* 16 bits major, 16 bits minor */
-#define ECB_VERSION 0x00010005
+#define ECB_VERSION 0x00010006
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
   typedef   signed char   int8_t;
@@ -614,6 +637,8 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
 
 #define ECB_CPP   (__cplusplus+0)
 #define ECB_CPP11 (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+#define ECB_CPP14 (__cplusplus >= 201402L)
+#define ECB_CPP17 (__cplusplus >= 201703L)
 
 #if ECB_CPP
   #define ECB_C            0
@@ -625,6 +650,7 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
 
 #define ECB_C99   (ECB_STDC_VERSION >= 199901L)
 #define ECB_C11   (ECB_STDC_VERSION >= 201112L)
+#define ECB_C17   (ECB_STDC_VERSION >= 201710L)
 
 #if ECB_CPP
   #define ECB_EXTERN_C extern "C"
@@ -660,14 +686,15 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
 
 #ifndef ECB_MEMORY_FENCE
   #if ECB_GCC_VERSION(2,5) || defined __INTEL_COMPILER || (__llvm__ && __GNUC__) || __SUNPRO_C >= 0x5110 || __SUNPRO_CC >= 0x5110
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __asm__ __volatile__ ("" : : : "memory")
     #if __i386 || __i386__
       #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __asm__ __volatile__ ("lock; orb $0, -1(%%esp)" : : : "memory")
       #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __asm__ __volatile__ (""                        : : : "memory")
-      #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __asm__ __volatile__ ("")
+      #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __asm__ __volatile__ (""                        : : : "memory")
     #elif ECB_GCC_AMD64
       #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __asm__ __volatile__ ("mfence"   : : : "memory")
       #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __asm__ __volatile__ (""         : : : "memory")
-      #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __asm__ __volatile__ ("")
+      #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __asm__ __volatile__ (""         : : : "memory")
     #elif __powerpc__ || __ppc__ || __powerpc64__ || __ppc64__
       #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __asm__ __volatile__ ("sync"     : : : "memory")
     #elif defined __ARM_ARCH_2__ \
@@ -719,12 +746,14 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_ACQUIRE)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELEASE)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
 
   #elif ECB_CLANG_EXTENSION(c_atomic)
     /* see comment below (stdatomic.h) about the C11 memory model. */
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_ACQUIRE)
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELEASE)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __c11_atomic_thread_fence (__ATOMIC_RELAXED)
 
   #elif ECB_GCC_VERSION(4,4) || defined __INTEL_COMPILER || defined __clang__
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __sync_synchronize ()
@@ -744,9 +773,10 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         MemoryBarrier () /* actually just xchg on x86... scary */
   #elif __SUNPRO_C >= 0x5110 || __SUNPRO_CC >= 0x5110
     #include <mbarrier.h>
-    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __machine_rw_barrier ()
-    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __machine_r_barrier  ()
-    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __machine_w_barrier  ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __machine_rw_barrier  ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE __machine_acq_barrier ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE __machine_rel_barrier ()
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED __compiler_barrier ()
   #elif __xlC__
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         __sync ()
   #endif
@@ -757,15 +787,9 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
     /* we assume that these memory fences work on all variables/all memory accesses, */
     /* not just C11 atomics and atomic accesses */
     #include <stdatomic.h>
-    /* Unfortunately, neither gcc 4.7 nor clang 3.1 generate any instructions for */
-    /* any fence other than seq_cst, which isn't very efficient for us. */
-    /* Why that is, we don't know - either the C11 memory model is quite useless */
-    /* for most usages, or gcc and clang have a bug */
-    /* I *currently* lean towards the latter, and inefficiently implement */
-    /* all three of ecb's fences as a seq_cst fence */
-    /* Update, gcc-4.8 generates mfence for all c++ fences, but nothing */
-    /* for all __atomic_thread_fence's except seq_cst */
     #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE         atomic_thread_fence (memory_order_seq_cst)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_ACQUIRE atomic_thread_fence (memory_order_acquire)
+    #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE atomic_thread_fence (memory_order_release)
   #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -795,6 +819,10 @@ struct signalfd_siginfo
   #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELEASE ECB_MEMORY_FENCE
 #endif
 
+#if !defined ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED && defined ECB_MEMORY_FENCE
+  #define ECB_MEMORY_FENCE_RELAXED ECB_MEMORY_FENCE /* very heavy-handed */
+#endif
+
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
 #if ECB_CPP
@@ -1545,8 +1573,7 @@ ecb_binary32_to_binary16 (uint32_t x)
 # define ABSPRI(w) (((W)w)->priority - EV_MINPRI)
 #endif
 
-#define EMPTY       /* required for microsofts broken pseudo-c compiler */
-#define EMPTY2(a,b) /* used to suppress some warnings */
+#define EMPTY /* required for microsofts broken pseudo-c compiler */
 
 typedef ev_watcher *W;
 typedef ev_watcher_list *WL;
@@ -1581,6 +1608,10 @@ static EV_ATOMIC_T have_monotonic; /* did clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC) work?
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+# include <linux/aio_abi.h> /* probably only needed for aio_context_t */
+#endif
+
 /* define a suitable floor function (only used by periodics atm) */
 
 #if EV_USE_FLOOR
@@ -1682,11 +1713,11 @@ ev_printerr (const char *msg)
 }
 #endif
 
-static void (*syserr_cb)(const char *msg) EV_THROW;
+static void (*syserr_cb)(const char *msg) EV_NOEXCEPT;
 
 ecb_cold
 void
-ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg) EV_THROW) EV_THROW
+ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg) EV_NOEXCEPT) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   syserr_cb = cb;
 }
@@ -1715,7 +1746,7 @@ ev_syserr (const char *msg)
 }
 
 static void *
-ev_realloc_emul (void *ptr, long size) EV_THROW
+ev_realloc_emul (void *ptr, size_t size) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   /* some systems, notably openbsd and darwin, fail to properly
    * implement realloc (x, 0) (as required by both ansi c-89 and
@@ -1731,17 +1762,17 @@ ev_realloc_emul (void *ptr, long size) EV_THROW
   return 0;
 }
 
-static void *(*alloc)(void *ptr, long size) EV_THROW = ev_realloc_emul;
+static void *(*alloc)(void *ptr, size_t size) EV_NOEXCEPT = ev_realloc_emul;
 
 ecb_cold
 void
-ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size) EV_THROW) EV_THROW
+ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, size_t size) EV_NOEXCEPT) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   alloc = cb;
 }
 
 inline_speed void *
-ev_realloc (void *ptr, long size)
+ev_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size)
 {
   ptr = alloc (ptr, size);
 
@@ -1772,7 +1803,7 @@ typedef struct
   WL head;
   unsigned char events; /* the events watched for */
   unsigned char reify;  /* flag set when this ANFD needs reification (EV_ANFD_REIFY, EV__IOFDSET) */
-  unsigned char emask;  /* the epoll backend stores the actual kernel mask in here */
+  unsigned char emask;  /* some backends store the actual kernel mask in here */
   unsigned char unused;
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
   unsigned int egen;    /* generation counter to counter epoll bugs */
@@ -1862,7 +1893,7 @@ typedef struct
 
 #ifndef EV_HAVE_EV_TIME
 ev_tstamp
-ev_time (void) EV_THROW
+ev_time (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
 #if EV_USE_REALTIME
   if (expect_true (have_realtime))
@@ -1896,14 +1927,14 @@ get_clock (void)
 
 #if EV_MULTIPLICITY
 ev_tstamp
-ev_now (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_now (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return ev_rt_now;
 }
 #endif
 
 void
-ev_sleep (ev_tstamp delay) EV_THROW
+ev_sleep (ev_tstamp delay) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (delay > 0.)
     {
@@ -1913,6 +1944,8 @@ ev_sleep (ev_tstamp delay) EV_THROW
       EV_TS_SET (ts, delay);
       nanosleep (&ts, 0);
 #elif defined _WIN32
+      /* maybe this should round up, as ms is very low resolution */
+      /* compared to select (µs) or nanosleep (ns) */
       Sleep ((unsigned long)(delay * 1e3));
 #else
       struct timeval tv;
@@ -1961,8 +1994,10 @@ array_realloc (int elem, void *base, int *cur, int cnt)
   return ev_realloc (base, elem * *cur);
 }
 
-#define array_init_zero(base,count)	\
-  memset ((void *)(base), 0, sizeof (*(base)) * (count))
+#define array_needsize_noinit(base,offset,count)
+
+#define array_needsize_zerofill(base,offset,count)	\
+  memset ((void *)(base + offset), 0, sizeof (*(base)) * (count))
 
 #define array_needsize(type,base,cur,cnt,init)			\
   if (expect_false ((cnt) > (cur)))				\
@@ -1970,7 +2005,7 @@ array_realloc (int elem, void *base, int *cur, int cnt)
       ecb_unused int ocur_ = (cur);				\
       (base) = (type *)array_realloc				\
          (sizeof (type), (base), &(cur), (cnt));		\
-      init ((base) + (ocur_), (cur) - ocur_);			\
+      init ((base), ocur_, ((cur) - ocur_));			\
     }
 
 #if 0
@@ -1997,7 +2032,7 @@ pendingcb (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w, int revents)
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents) EV_THROW
+ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   W w_ = (W)w;
   int pri = ABSPRI (w_);
@@ -2007,7 +2042,7 @@ ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents) EV_THROW
   else
     {
       w_->pending = ++pendingcnt [pri];
-      array_needsize (ANPENDING, pendings [pri], pendingmax [pri], w_->pending, EMPTY2);
+      array_needsize (ANPENDING, pendings [pri], pendingmax [pri], w_->pending, array_needsize_noinit);
       pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].w      = w_;
       pendings [pri][w_->pending - 1].events = revents;
     }
@@ -2018,7 +2053,7 @@ ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents) EV_THROW
 inline_speed void
 feed_reverse (EV_P_ W w)
 {
-  array_needsize (W, rfeeds, rfeedmax, rfeedcnt + 1, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (W, rfeeds, rfeedmax, rfeedcnt + 1, array_needsize_noinit);
   rfeeds [rfeedcnt++] = w;
 }
 
@@ -2068,7 +2103,7 @@ fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents)
 }
 
 void
-ev_feed_fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents) EV_THROW
+ev_feed_fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (fd >= 0 && fd < anfdmax)
     fd_event_nocheck (EV_A_ fd, revents);
@@ -2115,7 +2150,7 @@ fd_reify (EV_P)
       unsigned char o_events = anfd->events;
       unsigned char o_reify  = anfd->reify;
 
-      anfd->reify  = 0;
+      anfd->reify = 0;
 
       /*if (expect_true (o_reify & EV_ANFD_REIFY)) probably a deoptimisation */
         {
@@ -2146,7 +2181,7 @@ fd_change (EV_P_ int fd, int flags)
   if (expect_true (!reify))
     {
       ++fdchangecnt;
-      array_needsize (int, fdchanges, fdchangemax, fdchangecnt, EMPTY2);
+      array_needsize (int, fdchanges, fdchangemax, fdchangecnt, array_needsize_noinit);
       fdchanges [fdchangecnt - 1] = fd;
     }
 }
@@ -2478,7 +2513,7 @@ evpipe_write (EV_P_ EV_ATOMIC_T *flag)
 #ifdef _WIN32
           WSABUF buf;
           DWORD sent;
-          buf.buf = &buf;
+          buf.buf = (char *)&buf;
           buf.len = 1;
           WSASend (EV_FD_TO_WIN32_HANDLE (evpipe [1]), &buf, 1, &sent, 0, 0, 0);
 #else
@@ -2560,7 +2595,7 @@ pipecb (EV_P_ ev_io *iow, int revents)
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
 void
-ev_feed_signal (int signum) EV_THROW
+ev_feed_signal (int signum) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
 #if EV_MULTIPLICITY
   EV_P;
@@ -2587,7 +2622,7 @@ ev_sighandler (int signum)
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_feed_signal_event (EV_P_ int signum) EV_THROW
+ev_feed_signal_event (EV_P_ int signum) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   WL w;
 
@@ -2706,6 +2741,9 @@ childcb (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int revents)
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
 # include "ev_epoll.c"
 #endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+# include "ev_linuxaio.c"
+#endif
 #if EV_USE_POLL
 # include "ev_poll.c"
 #endif
@@ -2714,13 +2752,13 @@ childcb (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int revents)
 #endif
 
 ecb_cold int
-ev_version_major (void) EV_THROW
+ev_version_major (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return EV_VERSION_MAJOR;
 }
 
 ecb_cold int
-ev_version_minor (void) EV_THROW
+ev_version_minor (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return EV_VERSION_MINOR;
 }
@@ -2739,45 +2777,56 @@ enable_secure (void)
 
 ecb_cold
 unsigned int
-ev_supported_backends (void) EV_THROW
+ev_supported_backends (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   unsigned int flags = 0;
 
-  if (EV_USE_PORT  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_PORT;
-  if (EV_USE_KQUEUE) flags |= EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
-  if (EV_USE_EPOLL ) flags |= EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
-  if (EV_USE_POLL  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_POLL;
-  if (EV_USE_SELECT) flags |= EVBACKEND_SELECT;
+  if (EV_USE_PORT    ) flags |= EVBACKEND_PORT;
+  if (EV_USE_KQUEUE  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
+  if (EV_USE_EPOLL   ) flags |= EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
+
+#ifdef EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+  if (EV_USE_LINUXAIO) flags |= EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO;
+#endif
+
+  if (EV_USE_POLL    ) flags |= EVBACKEND_POLL;
+  if (EV_USE_SELECT  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_SELECT;
   
   return flags;
 }
 
 ecb_cold
 unsigned int
-ev_recommended_backends (void) EV_THROW
+ev_recommended_backends (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   unsigned int flags = ev_supported_backends ();
 
-#ifndef __NetBSD__
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_14)
+  /* apple has a poor track record but post 10.12.2 it seems to work sufficiently well */
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
   /* kqueue is borked on everything but netbsd apparently */
   /* it usually doesn't work correctly on anything but sockets and pipes */
-  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
-#endif
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#else
   /* only select works correctly on that "unix-certified" platform */
   flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE; /* horribly broken, even for sockets */
   flags &= ~EVBACKEND_POLL;   /* poll is based on kqueue from 10.5 onwards */
 #endif
+
 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
   flags &= ~EVBACKEND_POLL;   /* poll return value is unusable (http://forums.freebsd.org/archive/index.php/t-10270.html) */
 #endif
 
+  /* TODO: linuxaio is very experimental */
+#if !EV_RECOMMEND_LINUXAIO
+  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO;
+#endif
+
   return flags;
 }
 
 ecb_cold
 unsigned int
-ev_embeddable_backends (void) EV_THROW
+ev_embeddable_backends (void) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   int flags = EVBACKEND_EPOLL | EVBACKEND_KQUEUE | EVBACKEND_PORT;
 
@@ -2789,56 +2838,56 @@ ev_embeddable_backends (void) EV_THROW
 }
 
 unsigned int
-ev_backend (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_backend (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return backend;
 }
 
 #if EV_FEATURE_API
 unsigned int
-ev_iteration (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_iteration (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return loop_count;
 }
 
 unsigned int
-ev_depth (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_depth (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return loop_depth;
 }
 
 void
-ev_set_io_collect_interval (EV_P_ ev_tstamp interval) EV_THROW
+ev_set_io_collect_interval (EV_P_ ev_tstamp interval) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   io_blocktime = interval;
 }
 
 void
-ev_set_timeout_collect_interval (EV_P_ ev_tstamp interval) EV_THROW
+ev_set_timeout_collect_interval (EV_P_ ev_tstamp interval) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   timeout_blocktime = interval;
 }
 
 void
-ev_set_userdata (EV_P_ void *data) EV_THROW
+ev_set_userdata (EV_P_ void *data) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   userdata = data;
 }
 
 void *
-ev_userdata (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_userdata (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return userdata;
 }
 
 void
-ev_set_invoke_pending_cb (EV_P_ ev_loop_callback invoke_pending_cb) EV_THROW
+ev_set_invoke_pending_cb (EV_P_ ev_loop_callback invoke_pending_cb) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   invoke_cb = invoke_pending_cb;
 }
 
 void
-ev_set_loop_release_cb (EV_P_ void (*release)(EV_P) EV_THROW, void (*acquire)(EV_P) EV_THROW) EV_THROW
+ev_set_loop_release_cb (EV_P_ void (*release)(EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT, void (*acquire)(EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   release_cb = release;
   acquire_cb = acquire;
@@ -2848,7 +2897,7 @@ ev_set_loop_release_cb (EV_P_ void (*release)(EV_P) EV_THROW, void (*acquire)(EV
 /* initialise a loop structure, must be zero-initialised */
 noinline ecb_cold
 static void
-loop_init (EV_P_ unsigned int flags) EV_THROW
+loop_init (EV_P_ unsigned int flags) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (!backend)
     {
@@ -2916,22 +2965,25 @@ loop_init (EV_P_ unsigned int flags) EV_THROW
         flags |= ev_recommended_backends ();
 
 #if EV_USE_IOCP
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_IOCP  )) backend = iocp_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_IOCP    )) backend = iocp_init      (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_PORT
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_PORT  )) backend = port_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_PORT    )) backend = port_init      (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_KQUEUE
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE)) backend = kqueue_init (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE  )) backend = kqueue_init    (EV_A_ flags);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO)) backend = linuxaio_init  (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_EPOLL )) backend = epoll_init  (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_EPOLL   )) backend = epoll_init     (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_POLL
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_POLL  )) backend = poll_init   (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_POLL    )) backend = poll_init      (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_SELECT
-      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_SELECT)) backend = select_init (EV_A_ flags);
+      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_SELECT  )) backend = select_init    (EV_A_ flags);
 #endif
 
       ev_prepare_init (&pending_w, pendingcb);
@@ -2996,22 +3048,25 @@ ev_loop_destroy (EV_P)
     close (backend_fd);
 
 #if EV_USE_IOCP
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_IOCP  ) iocp_destroy   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_IOCP    ) iocp_destroy     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_PORT
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_destroy   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT    ) port_destroy     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_KQUEUE
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_destroy (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE  ) kqueue_destroy   (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO) linuxaio_destroy (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_destroy  (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL   ) epoll_destroy    (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_POLL
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_POLL  ) poll_destroy   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_POLL    ) poll_destroy     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_SELECT
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_SELECT) select_destroy (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_SELECT  ) select_destroy   (EV_A);
 #endif
 
   for (i = NUMPRI; i--; )
@@ -3063,13 +3118,16 @@ inline_size void
 loop_fork (EV_P)
 {
 #if EV_USE_PORT
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_fork   (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT    ) port_fork     (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_KQUEUE
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_fork (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE  ) kqueue_fork   (EV_A);
+#endif
+#if EV_USE_LINUXAIO
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_LINUXAIO) linuxaio_fork (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_EPOLL
-  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_fork  (EV_A);
+  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL   ) epoll_fork    (EV_A);
 #endif
 #if EV_USE_INOTIFY
   infy_fork (EV_A);
@@ -3099,7 +3157,7 @@ loop_fork (EV_P)
 
 ecb_cold
 struct ev_loop *
-ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags) EV_THROW
+ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   EV_P = (struct ev_loop *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_loop));
 
@@ -3156,7 +3214,7 @@ array_verify (EV_P_ W *ws, int cnt)
 
 #if EV_FEATURE_API
 void ecb_cold
-ev_verify (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_verify (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
 #if EV_VERIFY
   int i;
@@ -3247,7 +3305,7 @@ struct ev_loop *
 #else
 int
 #endif
-ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags) EV_THROW
+ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (!ev_default_loop_ptr)
     {
@@ -3276,7 +3334,7 @@ ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags) EV_THROW
 }
 
 void
-ev_loop_fork (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_loop_fork (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   postfork = 1;
 }
@@ -3290,7 +3348,7 @@ ev_invoke (EV_P_ void *w, int revents)
 }
 
 unsigned int
-ev_pending_count (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_pending_count (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   int pri;
   unsigned int count = 0;
@@ -3307,10 +3365,11 @@ ev_invoke_pending (EV_P)
 {
   pendingpri = NUMPRI;
 
-  while (pendingpri) /* pendingpri possibly gets modified in the inner loop */
+  do
     {
       --pendingpri;
 
+      /* pendingpri possibly gets modified in the inner loop */
       while (pendingcnt [pendingpri])
         {
           ANPENDING *p = pendings [pendingpri] + --pendingcnt [pendingpri];
@@ -3320,6 +3379,7 @@ ev_invoke_pending (EV_P)
           EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
         }
     }
+  while (pendingpri);
 }
 
 #if EV_IDLE_ENABLE
@@ -3572,11 +3632,13 @@ struct ev_poll_args {
 };
 
 static
-VALUE ev_backend_poll(void *ptr)
+void * ev_backend_poll(void *ptr)
 {
   struct ev_poll_args *args = (struct ev_poll_args *)ptr;
   struct ev_loop *loop = args->loop;
   backend_poll (EV_A_ args->waittime);
+
+  return NULL;
 }
 /* ######################################## */
 
@@ -3584,7 +3646,7 @@ int
 ev_run (EV_P_ int flags)
 {
 /* ########## NIO4R PATCHERY HO! ########## */
-    struct ev_poll_args poll_args;
+  struct ev_poll_args poll_args;
 /* ######################################## */
 
 #if EV_FEATURE_API
@@ -3804,37 +3866,37 @@ rb_thread_unsafe_dangerous_crazy_blocking_region_end(...);
 }
 
 void
-ev_break (EV_P_ int how) EV_THROW
+ev_break (EV_P_ int how) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   loop_done = how;
 }
 
 void
-ev_ref (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_ref (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   ++activecnt;
 }
 
 void
-ev_unref (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_unref (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   --activecnt;
 }
 
 void
-ev_now_update (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_now_update (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   time_update (EV_A_ 1e100);
 }
 
 void
-ev_suspend (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_suspend (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   ev_now_update (EV_A);
 }
 
 void
-ev_resume (EV_P) EV_THROW
+ev_resume (EV_P) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   ev_tstamp mn_prev = mn_now;
 
@@ -3883,7 +3945,7 @@ clear_pending (EV_P_ W w)
 }
 
 int
-ev_clear_pending (EV_P_ void *w) EV_THROW
+ev_clear_pending (EV_P_ void *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   W w_ = (W)w;
   int pending = w_->pending;
@@ -3927,7 +3989,7 @@ ev_stop (EV_P_ W w)
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_THROW
+ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   int fd = w->fd;
 
@@ -3937,10 +3999,13 @@ ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_THROW
   assert (("libev: ev_io_start called with negative fd", fd >= 0));
   assert (("libev: ev_io_start called with illegal event mask", !(w->events & ~(EV__IOFDSET | EV_READ | EV_WRITE))));
 
+#if EV_VERIFY >= 2
+  assert (("libev: ev_io_start called on watcher with invalid fd", fd_valid (fd)));
+#endif
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
-  array_needsize (ANFD, anfds, anfdmax, fd + 1, array_init_zero);
+  array_needsize (ANFD, anfds, anfdmax, fd + 1, array_needsize_zerofill);
   wlist_add (&anfds[fd].head, (WL)w);
 
   /* common bug, apparently */
@@ -3954,7 +4019,7 @@ ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_THROW
+ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -3962,6 +4027,9 @@ ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_THROW
 
   assert (("libev: ev_io_stop called with illegal fd (must stay constant after start!)", w->fd >= 0 && w->fd < anfdmax));
 
+#if EV_VERIFY >= 2
+  assert (("libev: ev_io_stop called on watcher with invalid fd", fd_valid (w->fd)));
+#endif
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   wlist_del (&anfds[w->fd].head, (WL)w);
@@ -3974,7 +4042,7 @@ ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
+ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -3987,7 +4055,7 @@ ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
 
   ++timercnt;
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, timercnt + HEAP0 - 1);
-  array_needsize (ANHE, timers, timermax, ev_active (w) + 1, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ANHE, timers, timermax, ev_active (w) + 1, array_needsize_noinit);
   ANHE_w (timers [ev_active (w)]) = (WT)w;
   ANHE_at_cache (timers [ev_active (w)]);
   upheap (timers, ev_active (w));
@@ -3999,7 +4067,7 @@ ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_timer_stop (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
+ev_timer_stop (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4030,7 +4098,7 @@ ev_timer_stop (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_timer_again (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
+ev_timer_again (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
@@ -4057,7 +4125,7 @@ ev_timer_again (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
 }
 
 ev_tstamp
-ev_timer_remaining (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
+ev_timer_remaining (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   return ev_at (w) - (ev_is_active (w) ? mn_now : 0.);
 }
@@ -4065,7 +4133,7 @@ ev_timer_remaining (EV_P_ ev_timer *w) EV_THROW
 #if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
 noinline
 void
-ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_THROW
+ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4084,7 +4152,7 @@ ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_THROW
 
   ++periodiccnt;
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, periodiccnt + HEAP0 - 1);
-  array_needsize (ANHE, periodics, periodicmax, ev_active (w) + 1, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ANHE, periodics, periodicmax, ev_active (w) + 1, array_needsize_noinit);
   ANHE_w (periodics [ev_active (w)]) = (WT)w;
   ANHE_at_cache (periodics [ev_active (w)]);
   upheap (periodics, ev_active (w));
@@ -4096,7 +4164,7 @@ ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_periodic_stop (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_THROW
+ev_periodic_stop (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4125,7 +4193,7 @@ ev_periodic_stop (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_periodic_again (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_THROW
+ev_periodic_again (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   /* TODO: use adjustheap and recalculation */
   ev_periodic_stop (EV_A_ w);
@@ -4141,7 +4209,7 @@ ev_periodic_again (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_signal_start (EV_P_ ev_signal *w) EV_THROW
+ev_signal_start (EV_P_ ev_signal *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4224,7 +4292,7 @@ ev_signal_start (EV_P_ ev_signal *w) EV_THROW
 
 noinline
 void
-ev_signal_stop (EV_P_ ev_signal *w) EV_THROW
+ev_signal_stop (EV_P_ ev_signal *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4265,7 +4333,7 @@ ev_signal_stop (EV_P_ ev_signal *w) EV_THROW
 #if EV_CHILD_ENABLE
 
 void
-ev_child_start (EV_P_ ev_child *w) EV_THROW
+ev_child_start (EV_P_ ev_child *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
 #if EV_MULTIPLICITY
   assert (("libev: child watchers are only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
@@ -4282,7 +4350,7 @@ ev_child_start (EV_P_ ev_child *w) EV_THROW
 }
 
 void
-ev_child_stop (EV_P_ ev_child *w) EV_THROW
+ev_child_stop (EV_P_ ev_child *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4557,7 +4625,7 @@ infy_fork (EV_P)
 #endif
 
 void
-ev_stat_stat (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_THROW
+ev_stat_stat (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (lstat (w->path, &w->attr) < 0)
     w->attr.st_nlink = 0;
@@ -4607,7 +4675,7 @@ stat_timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w_, int revents)
 }
 
 void
-ev_stat_start (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_THROW
+ev_stat_start (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4638,7 +4706,7 @@ ev_stat_start (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_THROW
 }
 
 void
-ev_stat_stop (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_THROW
+ev_stat_stop (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4664,7 +4732,7 @@ ev_stat_stop (EV_P_ ev_stat *w) EV_THROW
 
 #if EV_IDLE_ENABLE
 void
-ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_THROW
+ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4679,7 +4747,7 @@ ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_THROW
     ++idleall;
     ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, active);
 
-    array_needsize (ev_idle *, idles [ABSPRI (w)], idlemax [ABSPRI (w)], active, EMPTY2);
+    array_needsize (ev_idle *, idles [ABSPRI (w)], idlemax [ABSPRI (w)], active, array_needsize_noinit);
     idles [ABSPRI (w)][active - 1] = w;
   }
 
@@ -4687,7 +4755,7 @@ ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_THROW
 }
 
 void
-ev_idle_stop (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_THROW
+ev_idle_stop (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4711,7 +4779,7 @@ ev_idle_stop (EV_P_ ev_idle *w) EV_THROW
 
 #if EV_PREPARE_ENABLE
 void
-ev_prepare_start (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w) EV_THROW
+ev_prepare_start (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4719,14 +4787,14 @@ ev_prepare_start (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w) EV_THROW
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++preparecnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_prepare *, prepares, preparemax, preparecnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_prepare *, prepares, preparemax, preparecnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   prepares [preparecnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 }
 
 void
-ev_prepare_stop (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w) EV_THROW
+ev_prepare_stop (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4749,7 +4817,7 @@ ev_prepare_stop (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w) EV_THROW
 
 #if EV_CHECK_ENABLE
 void
-ev_check_start (EV_P_ ev_check *w) EV_THROW
+ev_check_start (EV_P_ ev_check *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4757,14 +4825,14 @@ ev_check_start (EV_P_ ev_check *w) EV_THROW
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++checkcnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_check *, checks, checkmax, checkcnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_check *, checks, checkmax, checkcnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   checks [checkcnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 }
 
 void
-ev_check_stop (EV_P_ ev_check *w) EV_THROW
+ev_check_stop (EV_P_ ev_check *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4788,7 +4856,7 @@ ev_check_stop (EV_P_ ev_check *w) EV_THROW
 #if EV_EMBED_ENABLE
 noinline
 void
-ev_embed_sweep (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_THROW
+ev_embed_sweep (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   ev_run (w->other, EVRUN_NOWAIT);
 }
@@ -4846,7 +4914,7 @@ embed_idle_cb (EV_P_ ev_idle *idle, int revents)
 #endif
 
 void
-ev_embed_start (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_THROW
+ev_embed_start (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4877,7 +4945,7 @@ ev_embed_start (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_THROW
 }
 
 void
-ev_embed_stop (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_THROW
+ev_embed_stop (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4897,7 +4965,7 @@ ev_embed_stop (EV_P_ ev_embed *w) EV_THROW
 
 #if EV_FORK_ENABLE
 void
-ev_fork_start (EV_P_ ev_fork *w) EV_THROW
+ev_fork_start (EV_P_ ev_fork *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4905,14 +4973,14 @@ ev_fork_start (EV_P_ ev_fork *w) EV_THROW
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++forkcnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_fork *, forks, forkmax, forkcnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_fork *, forks, forkmax, forkcnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   forks [forkcnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 }
 
 void
-ev_fork_stop (EV_P_ ev_fork *w) EV_THROW
+ev_fork_stop (EV_P_ ev_fork *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4935,7 +5003,7 @@ ev_fork_stop (EV_P_ ev_fork *w) EV_THROW
 
 #if EV_CLEANUP_ENABLE
 void
-ev_cleanup_start (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_THROW
+ev_cleanup_start (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4943,7 +5011,7 @@ ev_cleanup_start (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_THROW
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++cleanupcnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_cleanup *, cleanups, cleanupmax, cleanupcnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_cleanup *, cleanups, cleanupmax, cleanupcnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   cleanups [cleanupcnt - 1] = w;
 
   /* cleanup watchers should never keep a refcount on the loop */
@@ -4952,7 +5020,7 @@ ev_cleanup_start (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_THROW
 }
 
 void
-ev_cleanup_stop (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_THROW
+ev_cleanup_stop (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -4976,7 +5044,7 @@ ev_cleanup_stop (EV_P_ ev_cleanup *w) EV_THROW
 
 #if EV_ASYNC_ENABLE
 void
-ev_async_start (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_THROW
+ev_async_start (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
     return;
@@ -4988,14 +5056,14 @@ ev_async_start (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_THROW
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 
   ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++asynccnt);
-  array_needsize (ev_async *, asyncs, asyncmax, asynccnt, EMPTY2);
+  array_needsize (ev_async *, asyncs, asyncmax, asynccnt, array_needsize_noinit);
   asyncs [asynccnt - 1] = w;
 
   EV_FREQUENT_CHECK;
 }
 
 void
-ev_async_stop (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_THROW
+ev_async_stop (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
   if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
@@ -5016,7 +5084,7 @@ ev_async_stop (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_THROW
 }
 
 void
-ev_async_send (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_THROW
+ev_async_send (EV_P_ ev_async *w) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   w->sent = 1;
   evpipe_write (EV_A_ &async_pending);
@@ -5063,16 +5131,10 @@ once_cb_to (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents)
 }
 
 void
-ev_once (EV_P_ int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg), void *arg) EV_THROW
+ev_once (EV_P_ int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg), void *arg) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   struct ev_once *once = (struct ev_once *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_once));
 
-  if (expect_false (!once))
-    {
-      cb (EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE | EV_TIMER, arg);
-      return;
-    }
-
   once->cb  = cb;
   once->arg = arg;
 
@@ -5096,7 +5158,7 @@ ev_once (EV_P_ int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, void (*cb)(int revents, vo
 #if EV_WALK_ENABLE
 ecb_cold
 void
-ev_walk (EV_P_ int types, void (*cb)(EV_P_ int type, void *w)) EV_THROW
+ev_walk (EV_P_ int types, void (*cb)(EV_P_ int type, void *w)) EV_NOEXCEPT
 {
   int i, j;
   ev_watcher_list *wl, *wn;