netsnmp 0.6.4 → 0.7.0

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data/README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # netsnmp
 
-![Tests](https://github.com/swisscom/ruby-netsnmp/workflows/Tests/badge.svg)
-[![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/swisscom/ruby-netsnmp/badges/gpa.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/swisscom/ruby-netsnmp)
-[![Docs](http://img.shields.io/badge/yard-docs-blue.svg)](https://www.rubydoc.info/github/swisscom/ruby-netsnmp/master)
+[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/netsnmp.svg)](http://rubygems.org/gems/netsnmp)
+![Tests](https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp/workflows/Tests/badge.svg)
+[![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp/badges/gpa.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp)
+[![Docs](http://img.shields.io/badge/yard-docs-blue.svg)](https://www.rubydoc.info/github/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp/master)
 
 The `netsnmp` gem provides a ruby native implementation of the SNMP protocol (v1/2c abd v3).
 
@@ -31,36 +32,14 @@ $ gem install netsnmp
 This gem provides:
 
 * Implementation in ruby of the SNMP Protocol for v3, v2c and v1 (most notable the rfc3414 and 3826).
-* SNMPv3 USM supporting MD5/SHA/SHA256 auth and DES/AES128 privacy crypto algorithms.
+* SNMPv3 USM supporting MD5/SHA1/SHA224/SHA256/SHA384/SHA512 auth and DES/AES128/AES192/AES256 privacy crypto algorithms.
 * Client/Manager API with simple interface for get, genext, set and walk.
-* Pure Ruby.
-* Support for concurrency and evented I/O.
-
-## Why?
-
-If you look for snmp gems in ruby toolbox, you'll find a bunch.
-You may ask, why not just use one of them?
-
-Most of them only implement v1 and v2, so if your requirement is to use v3, you're left with only 2 choices: [net-snmp](https://github.com/mixtli/net-snmp) (unmantained since 2013) and its follow-up [net-snmp2](https://github.com/jbreeden/net-snmp2), which started as a fork to fix some bugs left unattended. Both libraries wrap the C netsnmp library using FFI, which leaves them vulnerable to the following bugs (experienced in both libraries):
-
-* Dependency of specific versions of netsnmp C package.
-* Memory Leaks.
-* Doesn't work reliable in ruby > 2.0.0-p576, crashing the VM.
-* Network I/O done by the library, thereby blocking the GVL, thereby making all snmp calls block the whole ruby VM.
-  * This means, multi-threading is impossible.
-  * This means, evented I/O is impossible.
-
-All of these issues are resolved here.
-
-## Features
-
-* Client Interface, which supports SNMP v3, v2c, and v1
-* Supports get, getnext, set and walk calls
 * MIB support
 * Proxy IO object support (for eventmachine/celluloid-io)
-* Ruby >= 2.1 support (modern)
 * Pure Ruby (no FFI)
 * Easy PDU debugging
+* Support for concurrency and evented I/O.
+
 
 ## Examples
 
@@ -126,7 +105,7 @@ The `NETSNMP::Timeticks` type is internal to this library, but it is a ruby `Num
 
 Counter32 and Counter64 types will map to plain integers.
 
-You can find usage examples [here](https://github.com/swisscom/ruby-netsnmp/blob/master/spec/varbind_spec.rb). If you need support to a missing type, you have the following options:
+You can find usage examples [here](https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp/blob/master/spec/varbind_spec.rb). If you need support to a missing type, you have the following options:
 
 * Use the `:type` parameter in `#set` calls:
 ```ruby

data/lib/netsnmp/encryption/aes.rb

@@ -3,18 +3,30 @@
 module NETSNMP
   module Encryption
     class AES
-      def initialize(priv_key, local: 0)
+      def initialize(priv_key, cipher:, local: 0)
         @priv_key = priv_key
         @local = local
+        # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3826
+        # https://snmp.com/snmpv3/snmpv3_aes256.shtml
+        # Note: AES Blumental is not supported and not widely used
+        @cipher = cipher
       end
 
       def encrypt(decrypted_data, engine_boots:, engine_time:)
-        cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-128-cfb")
+        cipher = case @cipher
+                 when :aes, :aes128 then OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-128-cfb")
+                 when :aes192 then OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-192-cfb")
+                 when :aes256 then OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-256-cfb")
+                 end
 
         iv, salt = generate_encryption_key(engine_boots, engine_time)
 
         cipher.encrypt
-        cipher.iv = iv
+        cipher.iv = case @cipher
+                    when :aes, :aes128 then iv[0, 16]
+                    when :aes192 then iv[0, 24]
+                    when :aes256 then iv[0, 32]
+                    end
         cipher.key = aes_key
 
         if (diff = decrypted_data.length % 8) != 0
@@ -29,14 +41,22 @@ module NETSNMP
       def decrypt(encrypted_data, salt:, engine_boots:, engine_time:)
         raise Error, "invalid priv salt received" unless !salt.empty? && (salt.length % 8).zero?
 
-        cipher = OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-128-cfb")
+        cipher = case @cipher
+                 when :aes, :aes128 then OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-128-cfb")
+                 when :aes192 then OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-192-cfb")
+                 when :aes256 then OpenSSL::Cipher.new("aes-256-cfb")
+                 end
         cipher.padding = 0
 
         iv = generate_decryption_key(engine_boots, engine_time, salt)
 
         cipher.decrypt
         cipher.key = aes_key
-        cipher.iv = iv
+        cipher.iv = case @cipher
+                    when :aes, :aes128 then iv[0..16]
+                    when :aes192 then iv[0..24]
+                    when :aes256 then iv[0..32]
+                    end
         decrypted_data = cipher.update(encrypted_data) + cipher.final
 
         hlen, bodylen = OpenSSL::ASN1.traverse(decrypted_data) { |_, _, x, y, *| break x, y }
@@ -58,6 +78,11 @@ module NETSNMP
         @local = @local == 0xffffffffffffffff ? 0 : @local + 1
 
         iv = generate_decryption_key(boots, time, salt)
+        iv = case @cipher
+             when :aes, :aes128 then iv[0, 16]
+             when :aes192 then iv[0, 24]
+             when :aes256 then iv[0, 32]
+             end
 
         [iv, salt]
       end
@@ -74,7 +99,11 @@ module NETSNMP
       end
 
       def aes_key
-        @priv_key[0, 16]
+        case @cipher
+        when :aes, :aes128 then @priv_key[0, 16]
+        when :aes192 then @priv_key[0, 24]
+        when :aes256 then @priv_key[0, 32]
+        end
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/netsnmp/message.rb

@@ -136,7 +136,13 @@ module NETSNMP
 
       # The digest in the msgAuthenticationParameters field is replaced by the 12 zero octets.
       # 24 octets for sha256
-      number_of_octets = auth_protocol == :sha256 ? 24 : 12
+      number_of_octets = case auth_protocol
+                         when :sha512 then 48
+                         when :sha384 then 32
+                         when :sha256 then 24
+                         when :sha224 then 16
+                         else 12
+                         end
 
       OpenSSL::ASN1::OctetString.new("\x00" * number_of_octets).with_label(:auth_mask)
     end

data/lib/netsnmp/mib/parser.rb

@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ module NETSNMP::MIB
         spaced("STATUS") >> spaced { status } >>
         spaced("DESCRIPTION") >> spaced { text } >>
         spaced { refer_part }.maybe >>
-        colon_colon_part >> curly(object_identifier)
+        colon_colon_part >> curly(object_identifier.as(:value))
     end
 
     rule(:units_part) do
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ module NETSNMP::MIB
 
     rule(:choice_clause) do
       # Ignoring choice syntax
-      spaced { str("CHOICE").as(:type) } >> curly(match("[^\}]").repeat)
+      spaced { str("CHOICE").as(:type) } >> curly(match("[^}]").repeat)
     end
 
     rule(:syntax) do
@@ -689,11 +689,11 @@ module NETSNMP::MIB
     rule(:status) { lowercase_identifier }
 
     rule(:uppercase_identifier) do
-      match("[A-Z]") >> match("[A-Za-z0-9\-]").repeat
+      match("[A-Z]") >> match("[A-Za-z0-9-]").repeat
     end
 
     rule(:lowercase_identifier) do
-      match("[a-z]") >> match("[A-Za-z0-9\-]").repeat
+      match("[a-z]") >> match("[A-Za-z0-9-]").repeat
     end
 
     rule(:type_smi_and_sppi) do

data/lib/netsnmp/mib.rb

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ module NETSNMP
                  .flat_map { |dir| [dir, *Dir.glob(File.join(dir, "**", "*")).select(&File.method(:directory?))] }.uniq
     PARSER = Parser.new
     @parser_mutex = Mutex.new
+
     @modules_loaded = []
     @object_identifiers = {}
-
     # Translates na identifier, such as "sysDescr", into an OID
     def oid(identifier)
       prefix, *suffix = case identifier
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ module NETSNMP
       end
     end
 
-    TYPES = ["OBJECT IDENTIFIER", "OBJECT-TYPE", "MODULE-IDENTITY"].freeze
+    TYPES = ["OBJECT IDENTIFIER", "OBJECT-TYPE", "MODULE-IDENTITY", "OBJECT-IDENTITY"].freeze
 
     STATIC_MIB_TO_OID = {
       "iso" => "1"
@@ -174,5 +174,11 @@ module NETSNMP
       load("SNMPv2-MIB")
       load("IF-MIB")
     end
+
+    def freeze
+      super
+      @modules_loaded.each(&:freeze).freeze
+      @object_identifiers.each_key(&:freeze).each_value(&:freeze).freeze
+    end
   end
 end

data/lib/netsnmp/security_parameters.rb

@@ -130,13 +130,25 @@ module NETSNMP
 
       key = auth_key.dup
 
-      # SHA256 => https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7860#section-4.2.2
-      # The 24 first octets of HMAC are taken as the computed MAC value
-      return OpenSSL::HMAC.digest("SHA256", key, message)[0, 24] if @auth_protocol == :sha256
+      case @auth_protocol
+      when :sha224
+        return OpenSSL::HMAC.digest("SHA224", key, message)[0, 16]
+      when :sha384
+        return OpenSSL::HMAC.digest("SHA384", key, message)[0, 32]
+      when :sha256
+        # The 24 first octets of HMAC are taken as the computed MAC value
+        # SHA256 => https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7860#section-4.2.2
+        return OpenSSL::HMAC.digest("SHA256", key, message)[0, 24]
+      when :sha512
+        return OpenSSL::HMAC.digest("SHA512", key, message)[0, 48]
+      when :md5
+        # MD5 => https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3414#section-6.3.2
+        key << ("\x00" * 48)
+      when :sha, :sha1
+        # SHA1 => https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3414#section-7.3.2
+        key << ("\x00" * 44)
+      end
 
-      # MD5 => https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3414#section-6.3.2
-      # SHA1 => https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3414#section-7.3.2
-      key << ("\x00" * (@auth_protocol == :md5 ? 48 : 44))
       k1 = key.xor(IPAD)
       k2 = key.xor(OPAD)
 
@@ -177,7 +189,20 @@ module NETSNMP
     end
 
     def priv_key
-      @priv_key ||= localize_key(@priv_pass_key)
+      @priv_key ||= begin
+        key = localize_key(@priv_pass_key)
+        # AES-192, AES-256 require longer localized keys,
+        # which require adding of subsequent localized_priv_keys based on the previous until the length is satisfied
+        # The only hint to this is available in the python implementation called pysnmp
+        priv_key_size = case @priv_protocol
+                        when :aes256 then 32
+                        when :aes192 then 24
+                        else 16
+                        end
+
+        key += localize_key(passkey(key)) while key.size < priv_key_size
+        key
+      end
     end
 
     def localize_key(key)
@@ -205,15 +230,27 @@ module NETSNMP
       end
 
       dig = digest.digest
-      dig = dig[0, 16] if @auth_protocol == :md5
+      dig_size = case @auth_protocol
+                 when :sha512 then 64
+                 when :sha384 then 48
+                 when :sha256 then 32
+                 when :sha224 then 28
+                 when :sha1, :sha then 20
+                 else 16
+                 end
+
+      dig[0, dig_size]
       dig || ""
     end
 
     def digest
       @digest ||= case @auth_protocol
                   when :md5 then OpenSSL::Digest.new("MD5")
-                  when :sha then OpenSSL::Digest.new("SHA1")
+                  when :sha, :sha1 then OpenSSL::Digest.new("SHA1")
+                  when :sha224 then OpenSSL::Digest.new("SHA224")
                   when :sha256 then OpenSSL::Digest.new("SHA256")
+                  when :sha384 then OpenSSL::Digest.new("SHA384")
+                  when :sha512 then OpenSSL::Digest.new("SHA512")
                   else
                     raise Error, "unsupported auth protocol: #{@auth_protocol}"
                   end
@@ -222,7 +259,7 @@ module NETSNMP
     def encryption
       @encryption ||= case @priv_protocol
                       when :des then Encryption::DES.new(priv_key)
-                      when :aes then Encryption::AES.new(priv_key)
+                      when :aes, :aes192, :aes256 then Encryption::AES.new(priv_key, cipher: @priv_protocol)
                       end
     end
 

data/lib/netsnmp/version.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module NETSNMP
-  VERSION = "0.6.4"
+  VERSION = "0.7.0"
 end

data/sig/encryption/aes.rbs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ module NETSNMP
 
       @priv_key: String
       @local: Integer
+      @cipher: Symbol
 
       def encrypt: (String decrypted_data, engine_boots: Integer, engine_time: Integer) -> [String, String]
 
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ module NETSNMP
 
       private
 
-      def initialize: (String priv_key, ?local: Integer) -> untyped
+      def initialize: (String priv_key, ?local: Integer, ?cipher: Symbol) -> untyped
 
       def generate_encryption_key: (Integer boots, Integer time) -> [String, String]
 

metadata

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: netsnmp
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 0.6.4
+  version: 0.7.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Tiago Cardoso
 autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2022-05-10 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2023-05-03 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: parslet
@@ -73,24 +73,15 @@ files:
 - sig/timeticks.rbs
 - sig/v3_session.rbs
 - sig/varbind.rbs
-- spec/client_spec.rb
-- spec/handlers/celluloid_spec.rb
-- spec/mib_spec.rb
-- spec/oid_spec.rb
-- spec/pdu_spec.rb
-- spec/security_parameters_spec.rb
-- spec/session_spec.rb
-- spec/spec_helper.rb
-- spec/support/celluloid.rb
-- spec/support/request_examples.rb
-- spec/timeticks_spec.rb
-- spec/v3_session_spec.rb
-- spec/varbind_spec.rb
-homepage: ''
+homepage: https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp
 licenses:
 - Apache-2.0
 metadata:
-  allowed_push_host: https://rubygems.org/
+  bug_tracker_uri: https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp/issues
+  changelog_uri: https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
+  documentation_uri: https://www.rubydoc.info/github/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp
+  source_code_uri: https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp
+  homepage_uri: https://github.com/HoneyryderChuck/ruby-netsnmp
   rubygems_mfa_required: 'true'
 post_install_message:
 rdoc_options: []
@@ -106,23 +97,9 @@ required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
       version: '0'
-requirements:
-- net-snmp
-rubygems_version: 3.2.32
+requirements: []
+rubygems_version: 3.3.7
 signing_key:
 specification_version: 4
 summary: SNMP Client library
-test_files:
-- spec/client_spec.rb
-- spec/handlers/celluloid_spec.rb
-- spec/mib_spec.rb
-- spec/oid_spec.rb
-- spec/pdu_spec.rb
-- spec/security_parameters_spec.rb
-- spec/session_spec.rb
-- spec/spec_helper.rb
-- spec/support/celluloid.rb
-- spec/support/request_examples.rb
-- spec/timeticks_spec.rb
-- spec/v3_session_spec.rb
-- spec/varbind_spec.rb
+test_files: []

data/spec/client_spec.rb

@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require_relative "support/request_examples"
-
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::Client do
-  let(:host) { SNMPHOST }
-
-  let(:device_options) do
-    {
-      peername: SNMPHOST,
-      port: SNMPPORT
-    }
-  end
-  describe "v1" do
-    it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-      let(:protocol_options) do
-        {
-          version: "1",
-          community: "public"
-        }
-      end
-      let(:get_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0" }
-      let(:next_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0" }
-      let(:walk_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1" }
-      let(:set_oid) { "sysUpTime.0" } # sysUpTimeInstance
-      let(:get_result) { "zeus.snmplabs.com (you can change this!)" }
-      let(:next_result) { "San Francisco, California, United States" }
-      let(:walk_result) do
-        {
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0" => "Linux zeus 4.8.6.5-smp #2 SMP Sun Nov 13 14:58:11 CDT 2016 i686",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.2.0" => "1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.3.2.10",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0" => /Timeticks: \(\d+\) \d+ days, \d+:\d+:\d+\.\d+/,
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.4.0" => "SNMP Laboratories, info@snmplabs.com",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0" => "zeus.snmplabs.com (you can change this!)",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0" => "San Francisco, California, United States",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.7.0" => "72",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.8.0" => /Timeticks: \(\d+\) \d+ days, \d+:\d+:\d+\.\d+/
-        }
-      end
-      let(:set_oid_result) { 43 }
-    end
-  end
-  describe "v2" do
-    it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-      let(:protocol_options) do
-        {
-          version: "2c",
-          community: "public"
-        }
-      end
-      let(:get_oid) { "sysName.0" }
-      let(:next_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0" }
-      let(:walk_oid) { "system" }
-      let(:set_oid) { "sysUpTime.0" }
-      let(:get_result) { "zeus.snmplabs.com (you can change this!)" }
-      let(:next_result) { "San Francisco, California, United States" }
-      let(:walk_result) do
-        {
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0" => "Linux zeus 4.8.6.5-smp #2 SMP Sun Nov 13 14:58:11 CDT 2016 i686",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.2.0" => "1.3.6.1.4.1.8072.3.2.10",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0" => /Timeticks: \(\d+\) \d+ days, \d+:\d+:\d+\.\d+/,
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.4.0" => "SNMP Laboratories, info@snmplabs.com",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0" => "zeus.snmplabs.com (you can change this!)",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0" => "San Francisco, California, United States",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.7.0" => "72",
-          "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.8.0" => /Timeticks: \(\d+\) \d+ days, \d+:\d+:\d+\.\d+/
-        }
-      end
-      let(:set_oid_result) { 43 }
-
-      context "when the returned value is a hex-string" do
-        let(:protocol_options) do
-          {
-            version: "2c",
-            community: "foreignformats/winxp1"
-          }
-        end
-        let(:hex_get_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.25.3.7.1.3.10.1" }
-        let(:hex_get_result) { "\x01\x00\x00\x00" }
-        let(:hex_get_output) { "01 00 00 00" }
-        let(:value) { subject.get(oid: hex_get_oid) }
-
-        it "returns the string, which outputs the hex-representation" do
-          expect(value).to eq(hex_get_result)
-          expect(value.inspect).to include(hex_get_output)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "v3" do
-    let(:extra_options) { {} }
-    let(:version_options) do
-      {
-        version: "3",
-        context: "a172334d7d97871b72241397f713fa12"
-      }
-    end
-    let(:get_oid) { "sysName.0" }
-    let(:next_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0" }
-    let(:set_oid) { "sysUpTime.0" } # sysUpTimeInstance
-    let(:walk_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3" }
-    let(:get_result) { "tt" }
-    let(:next_result) { "KK12 (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)" }
-    let(:walk_result) do
-      {
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.1" => "The SNMP Management Architecture MIB.",
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.2" => "The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching.",
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.3" => "The management information definitions for the SNMP User-based Security Model.",
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.4" => "The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities",
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.5" => "The MIB module for managing TCP implementations",
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.6" => "The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations",
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.7" => "The MIB module for managing UDP implementations",
-        "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.8" => "View-based Access Control Model for SNMP."
-      }
-    end
-    let(:set_oid_result) { 43 }
-    context "with a no auth no priv policy" do
-      let(:user_options) { { username: "unsafe", security_level: :noauth } }
-      it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-        let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-        # why is this here? that variation/notification community causes the simulagtor to go down
-        # until I find the origin of the issue and patched it with an appropriated community, this
-        # is here so that I test the set call at least once, although I'm sure it'll work always
-        # for v3
-        describe "#set" do
-          let(:extra_options) { { context: "0886e1397d572377c17c15036a1e6c66" } }
-          it "updates the value of the oid" do
-            prev_value = subject.get(oid: set_oid)
-            expect(prev_value).to be_a(Integer)
-
-            # without type
-            subject.set(oid: set_oid, value: set_oid_result)
-            expect(subject.get(oid: set_oid)).to eq(set_oid_result)
-
-            subject.set(oid: set_oid, value: prev_value)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    context "with an only auth policy" do
-      context "speaking md5" do
-        let(:user_options) do
-          { username: "authmd5", security_level: :auth_no_priv,
-            auth_password: "maplesyrup", auth_protocol: :md5 }
-        end
-        it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-          let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-        end
-      end
-      context "speaking sha" do
-        let(:user_options) do
-          { username: "authsha", security_level: :auth_no_priv,
-            auth_password: "maplesyrup", auth_protocol: :sha }
-        end
-        it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-          let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-        end
-      end
-      context "speaking sha256" do
-        let(:user_options) do
-          { username: "authsha256", security_level: :auth_no_priv,
-            auth_password: "maplesyrup", auth_protocol: :sha256 }
-        end
-        it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-          let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    context "with an auth priv policy" do
-      context "auth in md5, encrypting in des" do
-        let(:user_options) do
-          { username: "authprivmd5des", auth_password: "maplesyrup",
-            auth_protocol: :md5, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-            priv_protocol: :des }
-        end
-        it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-          let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-        end
-      end
-      context "auth in sha, encrypting in des" do
-        let(:user_options) do
-          { username: "authprivshades", auth_password: "maplesyrup",
-            auth_protocol: :sha, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-            priv_protocol: :des }
-        end
-        it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-          let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-
-          context "with wrong auth password and wrong encrypting password" do
-            let(:user_options) do
-              { username: "authprivmd5des", auth_password: "wrongpassword",
-                auth_protocol: :md5, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-                priv_protocol: :des }
-            end
-            let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-            it "raises authentication error" do
-              expect { subject.get(oid: get_oid) }.to raise_error(NETSNMP::Error, "Authentication failure (incorrect password, community or key)")
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
-
-      context "auth in md5, encrypting in aes" do
-        let(:user_options) do
-          { username: "authprivmd5aes", auth_password: "maplesyrup",
-            auth_protocol: :md5, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-            priv_protocol: :aes }
-        end
-        it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-          let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-        end
-      end
-      context "auth in sha, encrypting in aes" do
-        let(:user_options) do
-          { username: "authprivshaaes", auth_password: "maplesyrup",
-            auth_protocol: :sha, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-            priv_protocol: :aes }
-        end
-        it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-          let(:protocol_options) { version_options.merge(user_options).merge(extra_options) }
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/spec/handlers/celluloid_spec.rb

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require "celluloid/io"
-require_relative "../support/request_examples"
-require_relative "../support/celluloid"
-
-RSpec.describe "with cellulloid", type: :celluloid do
-  include CelluloidHelpers
-  let(:user_options) do
-    { username: "authprivmd5des", auth_password: "maplesyrup",
-      auth_protocol: :md5, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-      priv_protocol: :des }
-  end
-
-  let(:get_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0" }
-  let(:next_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6.0" }
-  let(:set_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0" } # sysUpTimeInstance
-  let(:walk_oid) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3" }
-  let(:get_result) { "tt" }
-  let(:next_result) { "KK12 (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)" }
-  let(:walk_result) do
-    {
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.1" => "The SNMP Management Architecture MIB.",
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.2" => "The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching.",
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.3" => "The management information definitions for the SNMP User-based Security Model.",
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.4" => "The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities",
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.5" => "The MIB module for managing TCP implementations",
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.6" => "The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations",
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.7" => "The MIB module for managing UDP implementations",
-      "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.9.1.3.8" => "View-based Access Control Model for SNMP."
-    }
-  end
-
-  before(:all) { Celluloid.boot }
-  around(:each) do |example|
-    within_io_actor { example.run }
-  end
-  let(:proxy) { CelluloidHelpers::Proxy.new(SNMPHOST, SNMPPORT) }
-  after(:each) { proxy.close }
-
-  it_behaves_like "an snmp client" do
-    subject { NETSNMP::Client.new(**options) }
-    let(:device_options) { { proxy: proxy } }
-    let(:protocol_options) { user_options }
-    let(:extra_options) { { version: 3, context: "a172334d7d97871b72241397f713fa12" } }
-  end
-end

data/spec/mib_spec.rb

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::MIB do
-  describe ".oid" do
-    it { expect(described_class.oid("1.2.3.4")).to eq("1.2.3.4") }
-    it { expect(described_class.oid("ifTable")).to eq("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2") }
-    it { expect(described_class.oid("sysDescr.0")).to eq("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0") }
-    it { expect(described_class.oid("ifTable.1.23")).to eq("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.23") }
-    it { expect(described_class.oid("IF-MIB::ifTable.1.23")).to eq("1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.23") }
-    it { expect(described_class.oid("IFMIB::ifTable.1.23")).to be_nil }
-    it { expect(described_class.oid("IF-MIB::")).to be_nil }
-  end
-end

data/spec/oid_spec.rb

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::OID do
-  # let(:code) { "SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0" }
-  let(:code) { "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0" }
-  subject { described_class.build(code) }
-
-  describe ".build" do
-    it { expect(described_class.build([1, 3, 6, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0]).to_s).to eq(code) }
-    it { expect(described_class.build(".#{code}").to_s).to eq(code) }
-    it { expect { described_class.build("blablabla") }.to raise_error(NETSNMP::Error) }
-  end
-
-  describe ".to_asn" do
-    it { expect(described_class.to_asn(subject).to_der).to eq("\x06\b+\x06\x01\x02\x01\x01\x01\x00".b) }
-  end
-end

data/spec/pdu_spec.rb

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::PDU do
-  let(:get_request_oid) { ".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0" }
-  let(:encoded_get_pdu) do
-    "0'\002\001\000\004\006public\240\032\002\002?*\002\001\000\002\001\0000\0160\f\006\b+\006\001\002\001\001\001\000\005\000"
-  end
-  let(:encoded_response_pdu) do
-    "0+\002\001\000\004\006public\242\036\002\002'\017\002\001\000\002\001\0000\0220\020\006\b+\006\001\002\001\001\001\000\004\004test"
-  end
-
-  describe "#to_der" do
-    let(:pdu_get) do
-      described_class.build(:get, version: 0,
-                                  community: "public",
-                                  request_id: 16170)
-    end
-
-    context "v1" do
-      before { pdu_get.add_varbind(oid: get_request_oid) }
-      it { expect(pdu_get.to_der).to eq(encoded_get_pdu.b) }
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "#decoding pdus" do
-    describe "v1" do
-      let(:pdu_response) { described_class.decode(encoded_response_pdu) }
-      it { expect(pdu_response.version).to be(0) }
-      it { expect(pdu_response.community).to eq("public") }
-      it { expect(pdu_response.request_id).to be(9999) }
-
-      it { expect(pdu_response.varbinds.length).to be(1) }
-      it { expect(pdu_response.varbinds[0].oid).to eq("1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0") }
-      it { expect(pdu_response.varbinds[0].value).to eq("test") }
-    end
-  end
-end

data/spec/security_parameters_spec.rb

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-# FROM https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3414#appendix-A.2.1
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::SecurityParameters do
-  let(:engine_id) { "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02".b }
-  let(:password) { "maplesyrup" }
-  describe "#passkey" do
-    context "md5" do
-      subject { described_class.new(security_level: :auth_no_priv, auth_protocol: :md5, username: "username", engine_id: engine_id, auth_password: "maplesyrup") }
-      it { expect(subject.send(:passkey, password)).to eq("\x9f\xaf\x32\x83\x88\x4e\x92\x83\x4e\xbc\x98\x47\xd8\xed\xd9\x63".b) }
-    end
-    context "sha" do
-      subject { described_class.new(security_level: :auth_priv, auth_protocol: :sha, username: "username", engine_id: engine_id, auth_password: "maplesyrup", priv_password: "maplesyrup") }
-      it { expect(subject.send(:passkey, password).b).to eq("\x9f\xb5\xcc\x03\x81\x49\x7b\x37\x93\x52\x89\x39\xff\x78\x8d\x5d\x79\x14\x52\x11".b) }
-    end
-    context "sha256" do
-      subject do
-        described_class.new(security_level: :auth_priv, auth_protocol: :sha256, username: "username", engine_id: engine_id, auth_password: "maplesyrup", priv_password: "maplesyrup")
-      end
-
-      it { expect(subject.send(:passkey, password).b).to eq("\xABQ\x01M\x1E\a\x7F`\x17\xDF+\x12\xBE\xE5\xF5\xAAr\x991w\xE9\xBBV\x9CM\xFFZL\xA0\xB4\xAF\xAC".b) }
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "keys" do
-    let(:md5_sec) do
-      described_class.new(security_level: :auth_priv,
-                          auth_protocol: :md5,
-                          priv_protocol: :des,
-                          username: "username",
-                          auth_password: password,
-                          priv_password: password,
-                          engine_id: engine_id)
-    end
-    let(:sha_sec) do
-      described_class.new(security_level: :auth_priv,
-                          auth_protocol: :sha,
-                          priv_protocol: :des,
-                          username: "username",
-                          auth_password: password,
-                          priv_password: password,
-                          engine_id: engine_id)
-    end
-    let(:sha256_sec) do
-      described_class.new(security_level: :auth_priv,
-                          auth_protocol: :sha256,
-                          priv_protocol: :des,
-                          username: "username",
-                          auth_password: password,
-                          priv_password: password,
-                          engine_id: engine_id)
-    end
-    it do
-      expect(md5_sec.send(:auth_key)).to eq("\x52\x6f\x5e\xed\x9f\xcc\xe2\x6f\x89\x64\xc2\x93\x07\x87\xd8\x2b".b)
-      expect(md5_sec.send(:priv_key)).to eq("\x52\x6f\x5e\xed\x9f\xcc\xe2\x6f\x89\x64\xc2\x93\x07\x87\xd8\x2b".b)
-      expect(sha_sec.send(:auth_key)).to eq("\x66\x95\xfe\xbc\x92\x88\xe3\x62\x82\x23\x5f\xc7\x15\x1f\x12\x84\x97\xb3\x8f\x3f".b)
-      expect(sha_sec.send(:priv_key)).to eq("\x66\x95\xfe\xbc\x92\x88\xe3\x62\x82\x23\x5f\xc7\x15\x1f\x12\x84\x97\xb3\x8f\x3f".b)
-      expect(sha256_sec.send(:auth_key)).to eq("\x89\x82\xE0\xE5I\xE8f\xDB6\x1Akb]\x84\xCC\xCC\x11\x16-E>\xE8\xCE:dE\xC2\xD6wo\x0F\x8B".b)
-      expect(sha256_sec.send(:priv_key)).to eq("\x89\x82\xE0\xE5I\xE8f\xDB6\x1Akb]\x84\xCC\xCC\x11\x16-E>\xE8\xCE:dE\xC2\xD6wo\x0F\x8B".b)
-    end
-  end
-
-  context "#must_revalidate?" do
-    let(:security_options) do
-      { username: "authprivmd5des", auth_password: "maplesyrup",
-        auth_protocol: :md5, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-        priv_protocol: :des, security_level: :auth_priv }
-    end
-    subject { described_class.new(**security_options) }
-    context "for v3" do
-      context "when initialized" do
-        it { expect(subject.must_revalidate?).to be_truthy }
-      end
-      context "when given a new engine id" do
-        before { subject.engine_id = "NEWENGINE" }
-        it { expect(subject.must_revalidate?).to be_falsy }
-        context "when limit surpasses" do
-          before do
-            subject.instance_variable_set(:@timeliness, Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC, :second) - 150)
-          end
-          it { expect(subject.must_revalidate?).to be_truthy }
-          context "when given a new engine id" do
-            before { subject.engine_id = "UPDATEDENGINE" }
-            it { expect(subject.must_revalidate?).to be_falsy }
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/spec/session_spec.rb

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::Session do
-  let(:host) { SNMPHOST }
-  let(:options) do
-    {
-      version: "2c",
-      context: "public",
-      port: SNMPPORT
-    }
-  end
-  subject { described_class.new(host: host, **options) }
-  after { subject.close }
-end

data/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-GC.auto_compact = true if GC.respond_to?(:auto_compact=)
-
-if ENV.key?("CI")
-  require "simplecov"
-  SimpleCov.command_name "#{RUBY_ENGINE}-#{RUBY_VERSION}"
-  SimpleCov.coverage_dir "coverage/#{RUBY_ENGINE}-#{RUBY_VERSION}"
-end
-
-if defined?(SimpleCov)
-  SimpleCov.start do
-    add_filter ".bundle"
-    add_filter "/spec/"
-  end
-end
-
-require "bundler/setup"
-Bundler.require(:default, :test)
-
-require "netsnmp"
-
-SNMPPORT = ENV.fetch("SNMP_PORT", 1161).to_i
-SNMPHOST = ENV.fetch("SNMP_HOST", "localhost")
-
-# This file was generated by the `rspec --init` command. Conventionally, all
-# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
-# The generated `.rspec` file contains `--require spec_helper` which will cause
-# this file to always be loaded, without a need to explicitly require it in any
-# files.
-#
-# Given that it is always loaded, you are encouraged to keep this file as
-# light-weight as possible. Requiring heavyweight dependencies from this file
-# will add to the boot time of your test suite on EVERY test run, even for an
-# individual file that may not need all of that loaded. Instead, consider making
-# a separate helper file that requires the additional dependencies and performs
-# the additional setup, and require it from the spec files that actually need
-# it.
-#
-# The `.rspec` file also contains a few flags that are not defaults but that
-# users commonly want.
-#
-# See http://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
-RSpec.configure do |config|
-  # rspec-expectations config goes here. You can use an alternate
-  # assertion/expectation library such as wrong or the stdlib/minitest
-  # assertions if you prefer.
-  config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
-    # This option will default to `true` in RSpec 4. It makes the `description`
-    # and `failure_message` of custom matchers include text for helper methods
-    # defined using `chain`, e.g.:
-    #     be_bigger_than(2).and_smaller_than(4).description
-    #     # => "be bigger than 2 and smaller than 4"
-    # ...rather than:
-    #     # => "be bigger than 2"
-    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
-  end
-
-  # rspec-mocks config goes here. You can use an alternate test double
-  # library (such as bogus or mocha) by changing the `mock_with` option here.
-  config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
-    # Prevents you from mocking or stubbing a method that does not exist on
-    # a real object. This is generally recommended, and will default to
-    # `true` in RSpec 4.
-    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
-  end
-end

data/spec/support/celluloid.rb

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-# Copied from celluloid-io spec helpers
-module CelluloidHelpers
-  class WrapperActor
-    include ::Celluloid::IO
-    execute_block_on_receiver :wrap
-
-    def wrap
-      yield
-    end
-  end
-
-  def with_wrapper_actor
-    WrapperActor.new
-  end
-
-  def within_io_actor(&block)
-    actor = WrapperActor.new
-    actor.wrap(&block)
-  ensure
-    begin
-      actor.terminate if actor.alive?
-    rescue StandardError
-      nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  class Proxy
-    MAXPDUSIZE = 0xffff + 1
-
-    def initialize(host, port)
-      @socket = Celluloid::IO::UDPSocket.new
-      @socket.connect(host, port)
-      @timeout = 2
-    end
-
-    def send(payload)
-      @socket.send(payload, 0)
-      recv
-    end
-
-    def recv(bytesize = MAXPDUSIZE)
-      Celluloid.timeout(@timeout) do
-        datagram, = @socket.recvfrom(bytesize)
-        datagram
-      end
-    rescue Celluloid::TaskTimeout
-      raise Timeout::Error, "Timeout after #{@timeout} seconds"
-    end
-
-    def close
-      @socket.close
-    end
-  end
-end

data/spec/support/request_examples.rb

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-RSpec.shared_examples "an snmp client" do
-  let(:device_options) do
-    {
-      host: SNMPHOST,
-      port: SNMPPORT
-    }
-  end
-  let(:protocol_options) { {} }
-  let(:extra_options) { {} }
-  let(:options) { protocol_options.merge(device_options).merge(extra_options) }
-
-  subject { described_class.new(**options) }
-
-  describe "#get" do
-    let(:value) { subject.get(oid: get_oid) }
-    it "fetches the varbinds for a given oid" do
-      expect(value).to eq(get_result)
-    end
-    context "with multiple oids" do
-      let(:value) { subject.get({ oid: get_oid }, oid: next_oid) }
-      it "returns the values for both" do
-        expect(value).to be_a(Array)
-        expect(value).to include(get_result)
-        expect(value).to include(next_result)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "#get_next" do
-    let(:varbind) { subject.get_next(oid: get_oid) }
-    it "fetches the varbinds for the next oid" do
-      oid, value = varbind
-      expect(value).to start_with(next_result)
-      expect(oid).to eq(next_oid)
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe "#walk" do
-    let(:value) { subject.walk(oid: walk_oid) }
-    it "fetches the varbinds for the next oid" do
-      value.each do |oid, val|
-        match = walk_result[oid]
-        case match
-        when String
-          expect(val.to_s).to eq(match)
-        when Regexp
-          expect(val.to_s).to match(match)
-        else
-          next
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/spec/timeticks_spec.rb

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-# from https://ask.wireshark.org/questions/14002/how-to-decode-timeticks-hundreds-seconds-to-readable-date-time
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::Timetick do
-  subject { described_class.new(1525917187) }
-
-  describe "as an integer" do
-    it { expect((1 + subject).to_i).to be(1525917188) }
-  end
-
-  describe "as an embedded string" do
-    it { expect(subject.to_s).to eq("Timeticks: (1525917187) 176 days, 14:39:31.87") }
-  end
-end

data/spec/v3_session_spec.rb

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::V3Session do
-  let(:security_options) do
-    { username: "authprivmd5des", auth_password: "maplesyrup",
-      auth_protocol: :md5, priv_password: "maplesyrup",
-      priv_protocol: :des, security_level: :auth_priv }
-  end
-  it "generates the security parameters handler" do
-    sess = described_class.new(**security_options.merge(host: SNMPHOST, port: SNMPPORT))
-    # not generated yet
-    expect(sess.instance_variable_get(:@security_parameters)).to be_a(NETSNMP::SecurityParameters)
-  end
-
-  it "allows to pass a custom one" do
-    sec_params = NETSNMP::SecurityParameters.new(**security_options)
-    sess = described_class.new(host: SNMPHOST, port: SNMPPORT, security_parameters: sec_params)
-    # not generated yet
-    expect(sess.instance_variable_get(:@security_parameters)).to be(sec_params)
-  end
-
-  it "fails if the pass object doesn't follow the expected api" do
-    expect { described_class.new(host: SNMPHOST, port: SNMPPORT, security_parameters: double) }.to raise_error(NETSNMP::Error)
-  end
-end

data/spec/varbind_spec.rb

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-RSpec.describe NETSNMP::Varbind do
-  using NETSNMP::StringExtensions
-
-  describe "#to_der" do
-    it { expect(described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0").to_der).to eq("0\f\006\b+\006\001\002\001\001\001\000\005\000".b) }
-
-    context "application specific" do
-      it "converts ip addresses" do
-        ipaddr = IPAddr.new("10.11.104.2")
-        varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.6.3.1.1.0", value: ipaddr)
-        expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("@\x04\n\vh\x02".b)
-        asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-        expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(ipaddr)
-      end
-      it "converts custom timeticks" do
-        timetick = NETSNMP::Timetick.new(1) # yes, one timetick
-        varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", value: timetick)
-        expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x04\x00\x00\x00\x01".b) # ends with an octet string rep of 1 timetick
-        asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-        expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(timetick)
-      end
-
-      context "when passed a type" do
-        it "converts gauge32 without a leading byte" do
-          gauge = 127
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :gauge, value: gauge)
-          value_str = varbind.to_der[12..-1]
-          header = value_str[0].unpack1("B8")
-
-          # Class: Primitive Application
-          expect(header[0..1]).to eq("01")
-          expect(header[2]).to eq("0")
-          # Type: Integer
-          expect(header[3..-1].to_i(2)).to eq(2)
-          # Length & Value
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x01\x7F".b) # 2 Bytes
-
-          # Original Value
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(gauge)
-        end
-        it "converts gauge32 with a leading byte" do
-          gauge = 128
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :gauge, value: gauge)
-          value_str = varbind.to_der[12..-1]
-          header = value_str[0].unpack1("B8")
-
-          # Class: Primitive Application
-          expect(header[0..1]).to eq("01")
-          expect(header[2]).to eq("0")
-          # Type: Integer
-          expect(header[3..-1].to_i(2)).to eq(2)
-          # Length & Value
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x02\x00\x80".b) # 4 Bytes, all FF
-
-          # Original Value
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(gauge)
-        end
-        it "converts gauge32" do
-          gauge = 805
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :gauge, value: gauge)
-          value_str = varbind.to_der[12..-1]
-          header = value_str[0].unpack1("B8")
-
-          # Class: Primitive Application
-          expect(header[0..1]).to eq("01")
-          expect(header[2]).to eq("0")
-          # Type: Integer
-          expect(header[3..-1].to_i(2)).to eq(2)
-          # Length & Value
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x02\x03%".b)
-
-          # Original Value
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(gauge)
-        end
-        it "converts counter32 without a leading byte" do
-          counter = 127
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :counter32, value: counter)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x01\x7F".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(counter)
-        end
-        it "converts counter32 with a leading byte" do
-          counter = 128
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :counter32, value: counter)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x02\x00\x80".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(counter)
-        end
-        it "converts counter32" do
-          counter = 998932
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :counter32, value: counter)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x0F>\x14".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(counter)
-        end
-        it "converts counter64" do
-          counter = 998932
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :counter64, value: counter)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x0F>\x14".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(counter)
-
-          counter = 4294967296
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :counter64, value: counter)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(counter)
-
-          counter = 309084502
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :counter64, value: counter)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to include("F\x04".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(counter)
-
-          counter = 2_613_579_752_238
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :counter64, value: counter)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to include("F\x06".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(counter)
-        end
-        it "converts integer ticks" do
-          timetick = 1
-          varbind = described_class.new(".1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0", type: :timetick, value: timetick)
-          expect(varbind.to_der).to end_with("\x04\x00\x00\x00\x01".b)
-          asn = varbind.to_asn.value.last
-          expect(varbind.convert_application_asn(asn)).to eq(timetick)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end