net-ssh-net-ssh 2.0.12

data/lib/net/ssh/authentication/session.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+require 'net/ssh/loggable'
+require 'net/ssh/transport/constants'
+require 'net/ssh/authentication/constants'
+require 'net/ssh/authentication/key_manager'
+require 'net/ssh/authentication/methods/publickey'
+require 'net/ssh/authentication/methods/hostbased'
+require 'net/ssh/authentication/methods/password'
+require 'net/ssh/authentication/methods/keyboard_interactive'
+
+module Net; module SSH; module Authentication
+
+  # Represents an authentication session. It manages the authentication of
+  # a user over an established connection (the "transport" object, see
+  # Net::SSH::Transport::Session).
+  #
+  # The use of an authentication session to manage user authentication is
+  # internal to Net::SSH (specifically Net::SSH.start). Consumers of the
+  # Net::SSH library will never need to access this class directly.
+  class Session
+    include Transport::Constants, Constants, Loggable
+
+    # transport layer abstraction
+    attr_reader :transport
+
+    # the list of authentication methods to try
+    attr_reader :auth_methods
+
+    # the list of authentication methods that are allowed
+    attr_reader :allowed_auth_methods
+
+    # a hash of options, given at construction time
+    attr_reader :options
+
+    # Instantiates a new Authentication::Session object over the given
+    # transport layer abstraction.
+    def initialize(transport, options={})
+      self.logger = transport.logger
+      @transport = transport
+
+      @auth_methods = options[:auth_methods] || %w(publickey hostbased password keyboard-interactive)
+      @options = options
+
+      @allowed_auth_methods = @auth_methods
+    end
+
+    # Attempts to authenticate the given user, in preparation for the next
+    # service request. Returns true if an authentication method succeeds in
+    # authenticating the user, and false otherwise.
+    def authenticate(next_service, username, password=nil)
+      debug { "beginning authentication of `#{username}'" }
+
+      transport.send_message(transport.service_request("ssh-userauth"))
+      message = expect_message(SERVICE_ACCEPT)
+
+      key_manager = KeyManager.new(logger, options)
+      keys.each { |key| key_manager.add(key) } unless keys.empty?
+      key_data.each { |key2| key_manager.add_key_data(key2) } unless key_data.empty?
+
+      attempted = []
+
+      @auth_methods.each do |name|
+        next unless @allowed_auth_methods.include?(name)
+        attempted << name
+
+        debug { "trying #{name}" }
+        method = Methods.const_get(name.split(/\W+/).map { |p| p.capitalize }.join).new(self, :key_manager => key_manager)
+
+        return true if method.authenticate(next_service, username, password)
+      end
+
+      error { "all authorization methods failed (tried #{attempted.join(', ')})" }
+      return false
+    ensure
+      key_manager.finish if key_manager
+    end
+
+    # Blocks until a packet is received. It silently handles USERAUTH_BANNER
+    # packets, and will raise an error if any packet is received that is not
+    # valid during user authentication.
+    def next_message
+      loop do
+        packet = transport.next_message
+
+        case packet.type
+        when USERAUTH_BANNER
+          info { packet[:message] }
+          # TODO add a hook for people to retrieve the banner when it is sent
+
+        when USERAUTH_FAILURE
+          @allowed_auth_methods = packet[:authentications].split(/,/)
+          debug { "allowed methods: #{packet[:authentications]}" }
+          return packet
+
+        when USERAUTH_METHOD_RANGE, SERVICE_ACCEPT
+          return packet
+
+        when USERAUTH_SUCCESS
+          transport.hint :authenticated
+          return packet
+
+        else
+          raise Net::SSH::Exception, "unexpected message #{packet.type} (#{packet})"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Blocks until a packet is received, and returns it if it is of the given
+    # type. If it is not, an exception is raised.
+    def expect_message(type)
+      message = next_message
+      unless message.type == type
+        raise Net::SSH::Exception, "expected #{type}, got #{message.type} (#{message})"
+      end
+      message
+    end
+
+    private
+
+      # Returns an array of paths to the key files that should be used when
+      # attempting any key-based authentication mechanism.
+      def keys
+        Array(
+          options[:keys] ||
+          %w(~/.ssh/id_dsa ~/.ssh/id_rsa ~/.ssh2/id_dsa ~/.ssh2/id_rsa)
+        )
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of the key data that should be used when
+      # attempting any key-based authentication mechanism.
+      def key_data
+        Array(options[:key_data])
+      end
+  end
+end; end; end

data/lib/net/ssh/buffer.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+require 'net/ssh/ruby_compat'
+require 'net/ssh/transport/openssl'
+
+module Net; module SSH
+
+  # Net::SSH::Buffer is a flexible class for building and parsing binary
+  # data packets. It provides a stream-like interface for sequentially
+  # reading data items from the buffer, as well as a useful helper method
+  # for building binary packets given a signature.
+  #
+  # Writing to a buffer always appends to the end, regardless of where the
+  # read cursor is. Reading, on the other hand, always begins at the first
+  # byte of the buffer and increments the read cursor, with subsequent reads
+  # taking up where the last left off.
+  #
+  # As a consumer of the Net::SSH library, you will rarely come into contact
+  # with these buffer objects directly, but it could happen. Also, if you
+  # are ever implementing a protocol on top of SSH (e.g. SFTP), this buffer
+  # class can be quite handy.
+  class Buffer
+    # This is a convenience method for creating and populating a new buffer
+    # from a single command. The arguments must be even in length, with the
+    # first of each pair of arguments being a symbol naming the type of the
+    # data that follows. If the type is :raw, the value is written directly
+    # to the hash.
+    #
+    #   b = Buffer.from(:byte, 1, :string, "hello", :raw, "\1\2\3\4")
+    #   #-> "\1\0\0\0\5hello\1\2\3\4"
+    #
+    # The supported data types are:
+    #
+    # * :raw => write the next value verbatim (#write)
+    # * :int64 => write an 8-byte integer (#write_int64)
+    # * :long => write a 4-byte integer (#write_long)
+    # * :byte => write a single byte (#write_byte)
+    # * :string => write a 4-byte length followed by character data (#write_string)
+    # * :bool => write a single byte, interpreted as a boolean (#write_bool)
+    # * :bignum => write an SSH-encoded bignum (#write_bignum)
+    # * :key => write an SSH-encoded key value (#write_key)
+    #
+    # Any of these, except for :raw, accepts an Array argument, to make it
+    # easier to write multiple values of the same type in a briefer manner.
+    def self.from(*args)
+      raise ArgumentError, "odd number of arguments given" unless args.length % 2 == 0
+
+      buffer = new
+      0.step(args.length-1, 2) do |index|
+        type = args[index]
+        value = args[index+1]
+        if type == :raw
+          buffer.append(value.to_s)
+        elsif Array === value
+          buffer.send("write_#{type}", *value)
+        else
+          buffer.send("write_#{type}", value)
+        end
+      end
+
+      buffer
+    end
+
+    # exposes the raw content of the buffer
+    attr_reader :content
+
+    # the current position of the pointer in the buffer
+    attr_accessor :position
+
+    # Creates a new buffer, initialized to the given content. The position
+    # is initialized to the beginning of the buffer.
+    def initialize(content="")
+      @content = content.to_s
+      @position = 0
+    end
+
+    # Returns the length of the buffer's content.
+    def length
+      @content.length
+    end
+
+    # Returns the number of bytes available to be read (e.g., how many bytes
+    # remain between the current position and the end of the buffer).
+    def available
+      length - position
+    end
+
+    # Returns a copy of the buffer's content.
+    def to_s
+      (@content || "").dup
+    end
+
+    # Compares the contents of the two buffers, returning +true+ only if they
+    # are identical in size and content.
+    def ==(buffer)
+      to_s == buffer.to_s
+    end
+
+    # Returns +true+ if the buffer contains no data (e.g., it is of zero length).
+    def empty?
+      @content.empty?
+    end
+
+    # Resets the pointer to the start of the buffer. Subsequent reads will
+    # begin at position 0.
+    def reset!
+      @position = 0
+    end
+
+    # Returns true if the pointer is at the end of the buffer. Subsequent
+    # reads will return nil, in this case.
+    def eof?
+      @position >= length
+    end
+
+    # Resets the buffer, making it empty. Also, resets the read position to
+    # 0.
+    def clear!
+      @content = ""
+      @position = 0
+    end
+
+    # Consumes n bytes from the buffer, where n is the current position
+    # unless otherwise specified. This is useful for removing data from the
+    # buffer that has previously been read, when you are expecting more data
+    # to be appended. It helps to keep the size of buffers down when they
+    # would otherwise tend to grow without bound.
+    #
+    # Returns the buffer object itself.
+    def consume!(n=position)
+      if n >= length
+        # optimize for a fairly common case
+        clear!
+      elsif n > 0
+        @content = @content[n..-1] || ""
+        @position -= n
+        @position = 0 if @position < 0
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Appends the given text to the end of the buffer. Does not alter the
+    # read position. Returns the buffer object itself.
+    def append(text)
+      @content << text
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Returns all text from the current pointer to the end of the buffer as
+    # a new Net::SSH::Buffer object.
+    def remainder_as_buffer
+      Buffer.new(@content[@position..-1])
+    end
+
+    # Reads all data up to and including the given pattern, which may be a
+    # String, Fixnum, or Regexp and is interpreted exactly as String#index
+    # does. Returns nil if nothing matches. Increments the position to point
+    # immediately after the pattern, if it does match. Returns all data up to
+    # and including the text that matched the pattern.
+    def read_to(pattern)
+      index = @content.index(pattern, @position) or return nil
+      length = case pattern
+        when String then pattern.length
+        when Fixnum then 1
+        when Regexp then $&.length
+      end
+      index && read(index+length)
+    end
+
+    # Reads and returns the next +count+ bytes from the buffer, starting from
+    # the read position. If +count+ is +nil+, this will return all remaining
+    # text in the buffer. This method will increment the pointer.
+    def read(count=nil)
+      count ||= length
+      count = length - @position if @position + count > length
+      @position += count
+      @content[@position-count, count]
+    end
+
+    # Reads (as #read) and returns the given number of bytes from the buffer,
+    # and then consumes (as #consume!) all data up to the new read position.
+    def read!(count=nil)
+      data = read(count)
+      consume!
+      data
+    end
+      
+    # Return the next 8 bytes as a 64-bit integer (in network byte order).
+    # Returns nil if there are less than 8 bytes remaining to be read in the
+    # buffer.
+    def read_int64
+      hi = read_long or return nil
+      lo = read_long or return nil
+      return (hi << 32) + lo
+    end
+
+    # Return the next four bytes as a long integer (in network byte order).
+    # Returns nil if there are less than 4 bytes remaining to be read in the
+    # buffer.
+    def read_long
+      b = read(4) or return nil
+      b.unpack("N").first
+    end
+
+    # Read and return the next byte in the buffer. Returns nil if called at
+    # the end of the buffer.
+    def read_byte
+      b = read(1) or return nil
+      b.getbyte(0)
+    end
+
+    # Read and return an SSH2-encoded string. The string starts with a long
+    # integer that describes the number of bytes remaining in the string.
+    # Returns nil if there are not enough bytes to satisfy the request.
+    def read_string
+      length = read_long or return nil
+      read(length)
+    end
+
+    # Read a single byte and convert it into a boolean, using 'C' rules
+    # (i.e., zero is false, non-zero is true).
+    def read_bool
+      b = read_byte or return nil
+      b != 0
+    end
+
+    # Read a bignum (OpenSSL::BN) from the buffer, in SSH2 format. It is
+    # essentially just a string, which is reinterpreted to be a bignum in
+    # binary format.
+    def read_bignum
+      data = read_string
+      return unless data
+      OpenSSL::BN.new(data, 2)
+    end
+
+    # Read a key from the buffer. The key will start with a string
+    # describing its type. The remainder of the key is defined by the
+    # type that was read.
+    def read_key
+      type = read_string
+      return (type ? read_keyblob(type) : nil)
+    end
+
+    # Read a keyblob of the given type from the buffer, and return it as
+    # a key. Only RSA and DSA keys are supported.
+    def read_keyblob(type)
+      case type
+        when "ssh-dss"
+          key = OpenSSL::PKey::DSA.new
+          key.p = read_bignum
+          key.q = read_bignum
+          key.g = read_bignum
+          key.pub_key = read_bignum
+
+        when "ssh-rsa"
+          key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new
+          key.e = read_bignum
+          key.n = read_bignum
+
+        else
+          raise NotImplementedError, "unsupported key type `#{type}'"
+      end
+
+      return key
+    end
+
+    # Reads the next string from the buffer, and returns a new Buffer
+    # object that wraps it.
+    def read_buffer
+      Buffer.new(read_string)
+    end
+
+    # Writes the given data literally into the string. Does not alter the
+    # read position. Returns the buffer object.
+    def write(*data)
+      data.each { |datum| @content << datum }
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a network-byte-order-encoded
+    # 64-bit integer (8 bytes). Does not alter the read position. Returns the
+    # buffer object.
+    def write_int64(*n)
+      n.each do |i|
+        hi = (i >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        lo = i & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        @content << [hi, lo].pack("N2")
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a network-byte-order-encoded
+    # long (4-byte) integer. Does not alter the read position. Returns the
+    # buffer object.
+    def write_long(*n)
+      @content << n.pack("N*")
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a byte. Does not alter the read
+    # position. Returns the buffer object.
+    def write_byte(*n)
+      n.each { |b| @content << b.chr }
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Writes each argument to the buffer as an SSH2-encoded string. Each
+    # string is prefixed by its length, encoded as a 4-byte long integer.
+    # Does not alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
+    def write_string(*text)
+      text.each do |string|
+        s = string.to_s
+        write_long(s.length)
+        write(s)
+      end
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a (C-style) boolean, with 1
+    # meaning true, and 0 meaning false. Does not alter the read position.
+    # Returns the buffer object.
+    def write_bool(*b)
+      b.each { |v| @content << (v ? "\1" : "\0") }
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Writes each argument to the buffer as a bignum (SSH2-style). No
+    # checking is done to ensure that the arguments are, in fact, bignums.
+    # Does not alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
+    def write_bignum(*n)
+      @content << n.map { |b| b.to_ssh }.join
+      self
+    end
+
+    # Writes the given arguments to the buffer as SSH2-encoded keys. Does not
+    # alter the read position. Returns the buffer object.
+    def write_key(*key)
+      key.each { |k| append(k.to_blob) }
+      self
+    end
+  end
+end; end;