nats-pure 0.7.0 → 2.0.0.pre.rc2

data/lib/nats/io/js.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1274 @@
+# Copyright 2021 The NATS Authors
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+require_relative 'msg'
+require_relative 'client'
+require_relative 'errors'
+require_relative 'kv'
+require 'time'
+require 'base64'
+
+module NATS
+
+  # JetStream returns a context with a similar API as the NATS::Client
+  # but with enhanced functions to persist and consume messages from
+  # the NATS JetStream engine.
+  #
+  # @example
+  #   nc = NATS.connect("demo.nats.io")
+  #   js = nc.jetstream()
+  #
+  class JetStream
+    # Create a new JetStream context for a NATS connection.
+    #
+    # @param conn [NATS::Client]
+    # @param params [Hash] Options to customize JetStream context.
+    # @option params [String] :prefix JetStream API prefix to use for the requests.
+    # @option params [String] :domain JetStream Domain to use for the requests.
+    # @option params [Float] :timeout Default timeout to use for JS requests.
+    def initialize(conn, params={})
+      @nc = conn
+      @prefix = if params[:prefix]
+                  params[:prefix]
+                elsif params[:domain]
+                  "$JS.#{params[:domain]}.API"
+                else
+                  JS::DefaultAPIPrefix
+                end
+      @opts = params
+      @opts[:timeout] ||= 5 # seconds
+      params[:prefix] = @prefix
+
+      # Include JetStream::Manager
+      extend Manager
+      extend KeyValue::Manager
+    end
+
+    # PubAck is the API response from a successfully published message.
+    #
+    # @!attribute [stream] stream
+    #   @return [String] Name of the stream that processed the published message.
+    # @!attribute [seq] seq
+    #   @return [Fixnum] Sequence of the message in the stream.
+    # @!attribute [duplicate] duplicate
+    #   @return [Boolean] Indicates whether the published message is a duplicate.
+    # @!attribute [domain] domain
+    #   @return [String] JetStream Domain that processed the ack response.
+    PubAck = Struct.new(:stream, :seq, :duplicate, :domain, keyword_init: true)
+
+    # publish produces a message for JetStream.
+    #
+    # @param subject [String] The subject from a stream where the message will be sent.
+    # @param payload [String] The payload of the message.
+    # @param params [Hash] Options to customize the publish message request.
+    # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for an PubAck response or an error.
+    # @option params [Hash] :header NATS Headers to use for the message.
+    # @option params [String] :stream Expected Stream to which the message is being published.
+    # @raise [NATS::Timeout] When it takes too long to receive an ack response.
+    # @return [PubAck] The pub ack response.
+    def publish(subject, payload="", **params)
+      params[:timeout] ||= @opts[:timeout]
+      if params[:stream]
+        params[:header] ||= {}
+        params[:header][JS::Header::ExpectedStream] = params[:stream]
+      end
+
+      # Send message with headers.
+      msg = NATS::Msg.new(subject: subject,
+                          data: payload,
+                          header: params[:header])
+
+      begin
+        resp = @nc.request_msg(msg, **params)
+        result = JSON.parse(resp.data, symbolize_names: true)
+      rescue ::NATS::IO::NoRespondersError
+        raise JetStream::Error::NoStreamResponse.new("nats: no response from stream")
+      end
+      raise JS.from_error(result[:error]) if result[:error]
+
+      PubAck.new(result)
+    end
+
+    # subscribe binds or creates a push subscription to a JetStream pull consumer.
+    #
+    # @param subject [String] Subject from which the messages will be fetched.
+    # @param params [Hash] Options to customize the PushSubscription.
+    # @option params [String] :stream Name of the Stream to which the consumer belongs.
+    # @option params [String] :consumer Name of the Consumer to which the PushSubscription will be bound.
+    # @option params [String] :durable Consumer durable name from where the messages will be fetched.
+    # @option params [Hash] :config Configuration for the consumer.
+    # @return [NATS::JetStream::PushSubscription]
+    def subscribe(subject, params={}, &cb)
+      params[:consumer] ||= params[:durable]
+      stream = params[:stream].nil? ? find_stream_name_by_subject(subject) : params[:stream]
+
+      queue = params[:queue]
+      durable = params[:durable]
+      flow_control = params[:flow_control]
+      manual_ack = params[:manual_ack]
+      idle_heartbeat = params[:idle_heartbeat]
+      flow_control = params[:flow_control]
+
+      if queue
+        if durable and durable != queue
+          raise NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: cannot create queue subscription '#{queue}' to consumer '#{durable}'")
+        else
+          durable = queue
+        end
+      end
+
+      cinfo = nil
+      consumer_found = false
+      should_create = false
+
+      if not durable
+        should_create = true
+      else
+        begin
+          cinfo = consumer_info(stream, durable)
+          config = cinfo.config
+          consumer_found = true
+          consumer = durable
+        rescue NATS::JetStream::Error::NotFound
+          should_create = true
+          consumer_found = false
+        end
+      end
+
+      if consumer_found
+        if not config.deliver_group
+          if queue
+            raise NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: cannot create a queue subscription for a consumer without a deliver group")
+          elsif cinfo.push_bound
+            raise NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: consumer is already bound to a subscription")
+          end
+        else
+          if not queue
+            raise NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: cannot create a subscription for a consumer with a deliver group #{config.deliver_group}")
+          elsif queue != config.deliver_group
+            raise NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: cannot create a queue subscription #{queue} for a consumer with a deliver group #{config.deliver_group}")
+          end
+        end
+      elsif should_create
+        # Auto-create consumer if none found.
+        if config.nil?
+          # Defaults
+          config = JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig.new({ack_policy: "explicit"})
+        elsif config.is_a?(Hash)
+          config = JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig.new(config)
+        elsif !config.is_a?(JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig)
+          raise NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: invalid ConsumerConfig")
+        end
+
+        config.durable_name = durable if not config.durable_name
+        config.deliver_group = queue if not config.deliver_group
+
+        # Create inbox for push consumer.
+        deliver = @nc.new_inbox
+        config.deliver_subject = deliver
+
+        # Auto created consumers use the filter subject.
+        config.filter_subject = subject
+
+        # Heartbeats / FlowControl
+        config.flow_control = flow_control
+        if idle_heartbeat or config.idle_heartbeat
+          idle_heartbeat = config.idle_heartbeat if config.idle_heartbeat
+          idle_heartbeat = idle_heartbeat * 1_000_000_000
+          config.idle_heartbeat = idle_heartbeat
+        end
+
+        # Auto create the consumer.
+        cinfo = add_consumer(stream, config)
+        consumer = cinfo.name
+      end
+
+      # Enable auto acking for async callbacks unless disabled.
+      if cb and not manual_ack
+        ocb = cb
+        new_cb = proc do |msg|
+          ocb.call(msg)
+          msg.ack rescue JetStream::Error::MsgAlreadyAckd
+        end
+        cb = new_cb
+      end
+      sub = @nc.subscribe(config.deliver_subject, queue: config.deliver_group, &cb)
+      sub.extend(PushSubscription)
+      sub.jsi = JS::Sub.new(
+        js: self,
+        stream: stream,
+        consumer: consumer,
+      )
+      sub
+    end
+
+    # pull_subscribe binds or creates a subscription to a JetStream pull consumer.
+    #
+    # @param subject [String] Subject from which the messages will be fetched.
+    # @param durable [String] Consumer durable name from where the messages will be fetched.
+    # @param params [Hash] Options to customize the PullSubscription.
+    # @option params [String] :stream Name of the Stream to which the consumer belongs.
+    # @option params [String] :consumer Name of the Consumer to which the PullSubscription will be bound.
+    # @option params [Hash] :config Configuration for the consumer.
+    # @return [NATS::JetStream::PullSubscription]
+    def pull_subscribe(subject, durable, params={})
+      raise JetStream::Error::InvalidDurableName.new("nats: invalid durable name") if durable.empty?
+      params[:consumer] ||= durable
+      stream = params[:stream].nil? ? find_stream_name_by_subject(subject) : params[:stream]
+
+      begin
+        consumer_info(stream, params[:consumer])
+      rescue NATS::JetStream::Error::NotFound => e
+        # If attempting to bind, then this is a hard error.
+        raise e if params[:stream]
+
+        config = if not params[:config]
+                   JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig.new
+                 elsif params[:config].is_a?(JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig)
+                   params[:config]
+                 else
+                   JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig.new(params[:config])
+                 end
+        config[:durable_name] = durable
+        config[:ack_policy] ||= JS::Config::AckExplicit
+        add_consumer(stream, config)
+      end
+
+      deliver = @nc.new_inbox
+      sub = @nc.subscribe(deliver)
+      sub.extend(PullSubscription)
+
+      consumer = params[:consumer]
+      subject = "#{@prefix}.CONSUMER.MSG.NEXT.#{stream}.#{consumer}"
+      sub.jsi = JS::Sub.new(
+        js: self,
+        stream: stream,
+        consumer: params[:consumer],
+        nms: subject
+      )
+      sub
+    end
+
+    # A JetStream::Manager can be used to make requests to the JetStream API.
+    #
+    # @example
+    #   require 'nats/client'
+    #
+    #   nc = NATS.connect("demo.nats.io")
+    #
+    #   config = JetStream::API::StreamConfig.new()
+    #   nc.jsm.add_stream(config)
+    #
+    #
+    module Manager
+      # add_stream creates a stream with a given config.
+      # @param config [JetStream::API::StreamConfig] Configuration of the stream to create.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [JetStream::API::StreamCreateResponse] The result of creating a Stream.
+      def add_stream(config, params={})
+        config = if not config.is_a?(JetStream::API::StreamConfig)
+                   JetStream::API::StreamConfig.new(config)
+                 else
+                   config
+                 end
+        stream = config[:name]
+        raise ArgumentError.new(":name is required to create streams") unless stream
+        req_subject = "#{@prefix}.STREAM.CREATE.#{stream}"
+        result = api_request(req_subject, config.to_json, params)
+        JetStream::API::StreamCreateResponse.new(result)
+      end
+
+      # stream_info retrieves the current status of a stream.
+      # @param stream [String] Name of the stream.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [JetStream::API::StreamInfo] The latest StreamInfo of the stream.
+      def stream_info(stream, params={})
+        raise JetStream::Error::InvalidStreamName.new("nats: invalid stream name") if stream.nil? or stream.empty?
+
+        req_subject = "#{@prefix}.STREAM.INFO.#{stream}"
+        result = api_request(req_subject, '', params)
+        JetStream::API::StreamInfo.new(result)
+      end
+
+      # delete_stream deletes a stream.
+      # @param stream [String] Name of the stream.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      def delete_stream(stream, params={})
+        raise JetStream::Error::InvalidStreamName.new("nats: invalid stream name") if stream.nil? or stream.empty?
+
+        req_subject = "#{@prefix}.STREAM.DELETE.#{stream}"
+        result = api_request(req_subject, '', params)
+        result[:success]
+      end
+
+      # add_consumer creates a consumer with a given config.
+      # @param stream [String] Name of the stream.
+      # @param config [JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig] Configuration of the consumer to create.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [JetStream::API::ConsumerInfo] The result of creating a Consumer.
+      def add_consumer(stream, config, params={})
+        raise JetStream::Error::InvalidStreamName.new("nats: invalid stream name") if stream.nil? or stream.empty?
+        config = if not config.is_a?(JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig)
+                   JetStream::API::ConsumerConfig.new(config)
+                 else
+                   config
+                 end
+        req_subject = if config[:durable_name]
+                        "#{@prefix}.CONSUMER.DURABLE.CREATE.#{stream}.#{config[:durable_name]}"
+                      else
+                        "#{@prefix}.CONSUMER.CREATE.#{stream}"
+                      end
+
+        config[:ack_policy] ||= JS::Config::AckExplicit
+        # Check if have to normalize ack wait so that it is in nanoseconds for Go compat.
+        if config[:ack_wait]
+          raise ArgumentError.new("nats: invalid ack wait") unless config[:ack_wait].is_a?(Integer)
+          config[:ack_wait] = config[:ack_wait] * 1_000_000_000
+        end
+
+        req = {
+          stream_name: stream,
+          config: config
+        }
+        result = api_request(req_subject, req.to_json, params)
+        JetStream::API::ConsumerInfo.new(result).freeze
+      end
+
+      # consumer_info retrieves the current status of a consumer.
+      # @param stream [String] Name of the stream.
+      # @param consumer [String] Name of the consumer.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [JetStream::API::ConsumerInfo] The latest ConsumerInfo of the consumer.
+      def consumer_info(stream, consumer, params={})
+        raise JetStream::Error::InvalidStreamName.new("nats: invalid stream name") if stream.nil? or stream.empty?
+        raise JetStream::Error::InvalidConsumerName.new("nats: invalid consumer name") if consumer.nil? or consumer.empty?
+
+        req_subject = "#{@prefix}.CONSUMER.INFO.#{stream}.#{consumer}"
+        result = api_request(req_subject, '', params)
+        JetStream::API::ConsumerInfo.new(result)
+      end
+
+      # delete_consumer deletes a consumer.
+      # @param stream [String] Name of the stream.
+      # @param consumer [String] Name of the consumer.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      def delete_consumer(stream, consumer, params={})
+        raise JetStream::Error::InvalidStreamName.new("nats: invalid stream name") if stream.nil? or stream.empty?
+        raise JetStream::Error::InvalidConsumerName.new("nats: invalid consumer name") if consumer.nil? or consumer.empty?
+
+        req_subject = "#{@prefix}.CONSUMER.DELETE.#{stream}.#{consumer}"
+        result = api_request(req_subject, '', params)
+        result[:success]
+      end
+
+      # find_stream_name_by_subject does a lookup for the stream to which
+      # the subject belongs.
+      # @param subject [String] The subject that belongs to a stream.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [String] The name of the JetStream stream for the subject.
+      def find_stream_name_by_subject(subject, params={})
+        req_subject = "#{@prefix}.STREAM.NAMES"
+        req = { subject: subject }
+        result = api_request(req_subject, req.to_json, params)
+        raise JetStream::Error::NotFound unless result[:streams]
+
+        result[:streams].first
+      end
+
+      def get_last_msg(stream_name, subject)
+        req_subject = "#{@prefix}.STREAM.MSG.GET.#{stream_name}"
+        req = {'last_by_subj': subject}
+        data = req.to_json
+        resp = api_request(req_subject, data)
+        JetStream::API::RawStreamMsg.new(resp[:message])
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def api_request(req_subject, req="", params={})
+        params[:timeout] ||= @opts[:timeout]
+        result = begin
+                   msg = @nc.request(req_subject, req, **params)
+                   JSON.parse(msg.data, symbolize_names: true)
+                 rescue NATS::IO::NoRespondersError
+                   raise JetStream::Error::ServiceUnavailable
+                 end
+        raise JS.from_error(result[:error]) if result[:error]
+
+        result
+      end
+    end
+
+    # PushSubscription is included into NATS::Subscription so that it
+    #
+    # @example Create a push subscription using JetStream context.
+    #
+    #   require 'nats/client'
+    #
+    #   nc = NATS.connect
+    #   js = nc.jetstream
+    #   sub = js.subscribe("foo", "bar")
+    #   msg = sub.next_msg
+    #   msg.ack
+    #   sub.unsubscribe
+    #
+    # @!visibility public
+    module PushSubscription
+      # consumer_info retrieves the current status of the pull subscription consumer.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [JetStream::API::ConsumerInfo] The latest ConsumerInfo of the consumer.
+      def consumer_info(params={})
+        @jsi.js.consumer_info(@jsi.stream, @jsi.consumer, params)
+      end
+    end
+    private_constant :PushSubscription
+
+    # PullSubscription is included into NATS::Subscription so that it
+    # can be used to fetch messages from a pull based consumer from
+    # JetStream.
+    #
+    # @example Create a pull subscription using JetStream context.
+    #
+    #   require 'nats/client'
+    #
+    #   nc = NATS.connect
+    #   js = nc.jetstream
+    #   psub = js.pull_subscribe("foo", "bar")
+    #
+    #   loop do
+    #     msgs = psub.fetch(5)
+    #     msgs.each do |msg|
+    #       msg.ack
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # @!visibility public
+    module PullSubscription
+      # next_msg is not available for pull based subscriptions.
+      # @raise [NATS::JetStream::Error]
+      def next_msg(params={})
+        raise ::NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: pull subscription cannot use next_msg")
+      end
+
+      # fetch makes a request to be delivered more messages from a pull consumer.
+      #
+      # @param batch [Fixnum] Number of messages to pull from the stream.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize the fetch request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Duration of the fetch request before it expires.
+      # @return [Array<NATS::Msg>]
+      def fetch(batch=1, params={})
+        if batch < 1
+          raise ::NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: invalid batch size")
+        end
+
+        t = MonotonicTime.now
+        timeout = params[:timeout] ||= 5
+        expires = (timeout * 1_000_000_000) - 100_000
+        next_req = {
+          batch: batch
+        }
+
+        msgs = []
+        case
+        when batch < 1
+          raise ::NATS::JetStream::Error.new("nats: invalid batch size")
+        when batch == 1
+          ####################################################
+          # Fetch (1)                                        #
+          ####################################################
+
+          # Check if there is any pending message in the queue that is
+          # ready to be consumed.
+          synchronize do
+            unless @pending_queue.empty?
+              msg = @pending_queue.pop
+              # Check for a no msgs response status.
+              if JS.is_status_msg(msg)
+                case msg.header["Status"]
+                when JS::Status::NoMsgs
+                  msg = nil
+                else
+                  raise JS.from_msg(msg)
+                end
+              else
+                msgs << msg
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Make lingering request with expiration.
+          next_req[:expires] = expires
+          if msgs.empty?
+            # Make publish request and wait for response.
+            @nc.publish(@jsi.nms, JS.next_req_to_json(next_req), @subject)
+
+            # Wait for result of fetch or timeout.
+            synchronize { wait_for_msgs_cond.wait(timeout) }
+
+            msgs << @pending_queue.pop unless @pending_queue.empty?
+
+            duration = MonotonicTime.since(t)
+            if duration > timeout
+              raise ::NATS::Timeout.new("nats: fetch timeout")
+            end
+
+            # Should have received at least a message at this point,
+            # if that is not the case then error already.
+            if JS.is_status_msg(msgs.first)
+              raise JS.from_msg(msgs.first)
+            end
+          end
+        when batch > 1
+          ####################################################
+          # Fetch (n)                                        #
+          ####################################################
+
+          # Check if there already enough in the pending buffer.
+          synchronize do
+            if batch <= @pending_queue.size
+              batch.times { msgs << @pending_queue.pop }
+
+              return msgs
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Make publish request and wait any response.
+          next_req[:no_wait] = true
+          @nc.publish(@jsi.nms, JS.next_req_to_json(next_req), @subject)
+
+          # Not receiving even one is a timeout.
+          start_time = MonotonicTime.now
+          msg = nil
+          synchronize {
+            wait_for_msgs_cond.wait(timeout)
+            msg = @pending_queue.pop unless @pending_queue.empty?
+          }
+
+          # Check if the first message was a response saying that
+          # there are no messages.
+          if !msg.nil? && JS.is_status_msg(msg)
+            case msg.header[JS::Header::Status]
+            when JS::Status::NoMsgs
+              # Make another request that does wait.
+              next_req[:expires] = expires
+              next_req.delete(:no_wait)
+
+              @nc.publish(@jsi.nms, JS.next_req_to_json(next_req), @subject)
+            else
+              raise JS.from_msg(msg)
+            end
+          else
+            msgs << msg
+          end
+
+          # Check if have not received yet a single message.
+          duration = MonotonicTime.since(start_time)
+          if msgs.empty? and duration > timeout
+            raise NATS::Timeout.new("nats: fetch timeout")
+          end
+
+          needed = batch - msgs.count
+          while needed > 0 and MonotonicTime.since(start_time) < timeout
+            duration = MonotonicTime.since(start_time)
+
+            # Wait for the rest of the messages.
+            synchronize do
+
+              # Wait until there is a message delivered.
+              if @pending_queue.empty?
+                deadline = timeout - duration
+                wait_for_msgs_cond.wait(deadline) if deadline > 0
+
+                duration = MonotonicTime.since(start_time)
+                if msgs.empty? && @pending_queue.empty? and duration > timeout
+                  raise NATS::Timeout.new("nats: fetch timeout")
+                end
+              else
+                msg = @pending_queue.pop
+
+                if JS.is_status_msg(msg)
+                  case msg.header["Status"]
+                  when JS::Status::NoMsgs, JS::Status::RequestTimeout
+                    duration = MonotonicTime.since(start_time)
+
+                    # Do not time out if we received at least some messages.
+                    if msgs.empty? && @pending_queue.empty? and duration > timeout
+                      raise NATS::Timeout.new("nats: fetch timeout")
+                    end
+
+                    # Likely only received a subset of the messages.
+                    return msgs
+                  else
+                    raise JS.from_msg(msg)
+                  end
+                else
+                  msgs << msg
+                  needed -= 1
+                end
+              end
+            end # :end: synchronize
+          end
+        end
+
+        msgs
+      end
+
+      # consumer_info retrieves the current status of the pull subscription consumer.
+      # @param params [Hash] Options to customize API request.
+      # @option params [Float] :timeout Time to wait for response.
+      # @return [JetStream::API::ConsumerInfo] The latest ConsumerInfo of the consumer.
+      def consumer_info(params={})
+        @jsi.js.consumer_info(@jsi.stream, @jsi.consumer, params)
+      end
+    end
+    private_constant :PullSubscription
+
+    #######################################
+    #                                     #
+    #  JetStream Message and Ack Methods  #
+    #                                     #
+    #######################################
+
+    # JetStream::Msg module includes the methods so that a regular NATS::Msg
+    # can be enhanced with JetStream features like acking and metadata.
+    module Msg
+      module Ack
+        # Ack types
+        Ack      = ("+ACK".freeze)
+        Nak      = ("-NAK".freeze)
+        Progress = ("+WPI".freeze)
+        Term     = ("+TERM".freeze)
+
+        Empty = (''.freeze)
+        DotSep = ('.'.freeze)
+        NoDomainName = ('_'.freeze)
+
+        # Position
+        Prefix0 = ('$JS'.freeze)
+        Prefix1 = ('ACK'.freeze)
+        Domain = 2
+        AccHash = 3
+        Stream = 4
+        Consumer = 5
+        NumDelivered = 6
+        StreamSeq = 7
+        ConsumerSeq = 8
+        Timestamp = 9
+        NumPending = 10
+
+        # Subject without domain:
+        # $JS.ACK.<stream>.<consumer>.<delivered>.<sseq>.<cseq>.<tm>.<pending>
+        #
+        V1TokenCounts = 9
+
+        # Subject with domain:
+        # $JS.ACK.<domain>.<account hash>.<stream>.<consumer>.<delivered>.<sseq>.<cseq>.<tm>.<pending>.<a token with a random value>
+        #
+        V2TokenCounts = 12
+
+        SequencePair = Struct.new(:stream, :consumer)
+      end
+      private_constant :Ack
+
+      class Metadata
+        attr_reader :sequence, :num_delivered, :num_pending, :timestamp, :stream, :consumer, :domain
+
+        def initialize(opts)
+          @sequence      = Ack::SequencePair.new(opts[Ack::StreamSeq].to_i, opts[Ack::ConsumerSeq].to_i)
+          @domain        = opts[Ack::Domain]
+          @num_delivered = opts[Ack::NumDelivered].to_i
+          @num_pending   = opts[Ack::NumPending].to_i
+          @timestamp     = Time.at((opts[Ack::Timestamp].to_i / 1_000_000_000.0))
+          @stream        = opts[Ack::Stream]
+          @consumer      = opts[Ack::Consumer]
+          # TODO: Not exposed in Go client either right now.
+          # account      = opts[Ack::AccHash]
+        end
+      end
+
+      module AckMethods
+        def ack(**params)
+          ensure_is_acked_once!
+
+          resp = if params[:timeout]
+                   @nc.request(@reply, Ack::Ack, **params)
+                 else
+                   @nc.publish(@reply, Ack::Ack)
+                 end
+          @sub.synchronize { @ackd = true }
+
+          resp
+        end
+
+        def ack_sync(**params)
+          ensure_is_acked_once!
+
+          params[:timeout] ||= 0.5
+          resp = @nc.request(@reply, Ack::Ack, **params)
+          @sub.synchronize { @ackd = true }
+
+          resp
+        end
+
+        def nak(**params)
+          ensure_is_acked_once!
+
+          resp = if params[:timeout]
+                   @nc.request(@reply, Ack::Nak, **params)
+                 else
+                   @nc.publish(@reply, Ack::Nak)
+                 end
+          @sub.synchronize { @ackd = true }
+
+          resp
+        end
+
+        def term(**params)
+          ensure_is_acked_once!
+
+          resp = if params[:timeout]
+                   @nc.request(@reply, Ack::Term, **params)
+                 else
+                   @nc.publish(@reply, Ack::Term)
+                 end
+          @sub.synchronize { @ackd = true }
+
+          resp
+        end
+
+        def in_progress(**params)
+          params[:timeout] ? @nc.request(@reply, Ack::Progress, **params) : @nc.publish(@reply, Ack::Progress)
+        end
+
+        def metadata
+          @meta ||= parse_metadata(reply)
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def ensure_is_acked_once!
+          @sub.synchronize do
+            if @ackd
+              raise JetStream::Error::MsgAlreadyAckd.new("nats: message was already acknowledged: #{self}")
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def parse_metadata(reply)
+          tokens = reply.split(Ack::DotSep)
+          n = tokens.count
+
+          case
+          when n < Ack::V1TokenCounts || (n > Ack::V1TokenCounts and n < Ack::V2TokenCounts)
+            raise NotJSMessage.new("nats: not a jetstream message")
+          when tokens[0] != Ack::Prefix0 || tokens[1] != Ack::Prefix1
+            raise NotJSMessage.new("nats: not a jetstream message")
+          when n == Ack::V1TokenCounts
+            tokens.insert(Ack::Domain, Ack::Empty)
+            tokens.insert(Ack::AccHash, Ack::Empty)
+          when tokens[Ack::Domain] == Ack::NoDomainName
+            tokens[Ack::Domain] = Ack::Empty
+          end
+
+          Metadata.new(tokens)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    ####################################
+    #                                  #
+    # JetStream Configuration Options  #
+    #                                  #
+    ####################################
+
+    # Misc internal functions to support JS API.
+    # @private
+    module JS
+      DefaultAPIPrefix = ("$JS.API".freeze)
+
+      module Status
+        CtrlMsg        = ("100".freeze)
+        NoMsgs         = ("404".freeze)
+        NotFound       = ("404".freeze)
+        RequestTimeout = ("408".freeze)
+        ServiceUnavailable = ("503".freeze)
+      end
+
+      module Header
+        Status              = ("Status".freeze)
+        Desc                = ("Description".freeze)
+        MsgID               = ("Nats-Msg-Id".freeze)
+        ExpectedStream      = ("Nats-Expected-Stream".freeze)
+        ExpectedLastSeq     = ("Nats-Expected-Last-Sequence".freeze)
+        ExpectedLastSubjSeq = ("Nats-Expected-Last-Subject-Sequence".freeze)
+        ExpectedLastMsgID   = ("Nats-Expected-Last-Msg-Id".freeze)
+        LastConsumerSeq     = ("Nats-Last-Consumer".freeze)
+        LastStreamSeq       = ("Nats-Last-Stream".freeze)
+      end
+
+      module Config
+        # AckPolicy
+        AckExplicit = ("explicit".freeze)
+        AckAll      = ("all".freeze)
+        AckNone     = ("none".freeze)
+      end
+
+      class Sub
+        attr_reader :js, :stream, :consumer, :nms
+
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          @js = opts[:js]
+          @stream = opts[:stream]
+          @consumer = opts[:consumer]
+          @nms = opts[:nms]
+        end
+      end
+
+      class << self
+        def next_req_to_json(next_req)
+          req = {}
+          req[:batch] = next_req[:batch]
+          req[:expires] = next_req[:expires].to_i if next_req[:expires]
+          req[:no_wait] = next_req[:no_wait] if next_req[:no_wait]
+          req.to_json
+        end
+
+        def is_status_msg(msg)
+          return (!msg.nil? and (!msg.header.nil? and msg.header[Header::Status]))
+        end
+
+        # check_503_error raises exception when a NATS::Msg has a 503 status header.
+        # @param msg [NATS::Msg] The message with status headers.
+        # @raise [NATS::JetStream::Error::ServiceUnavailable]
+        def check_503_error(msg)
+          return if msg.nil? or msg.header.nil?
+          if msg.header[Header::Status] == Status::ServiceUnavailable
+            raise ::NATS::JetStream::Error::ServiceUnavailable
+          end
+        end
+
+        # from_msg takes a plain NATS::Msg and checks its headers to confirm
+        # if it was an error:
+        #
+        # msg.header={"Status"=>"503"})
+        # msg.header={"Status"=>"408", "Description"=>"Request Timeout"})
+        #
+        # @param msg [NATS::Msg] The message with status headers.
+        # @return [NATS::JetStream::API::Error]
+        def from_msg(msg)
+          check_503_error(msg)
+          code = msg.header[JS::Header::Status]
+          desc = msg.header[JS::Header::Desc]
+          return ::NATS::JetStream::API::Error.new({code: code, description: desc})
+        end
+
+        # from_error takes an API response that errored and maps the error
+        # into a JetStream error type based on the status and error code.
+        def from_error(err)
+          return unless err
+          case err[:code]
+          when 503
+            ::NATS::JetStream::Error::ServiceUnavailable.new(err)
+          when 500
+            ::NATS::JetStream::Error::ServerError.new(err)
+          when 404
+            case err[:err_code]
+            when 10059
+              ::NATS::JetStream::Error::StreamNotFound.new(err)
+            when 10014
+              ::NATS::JetStream::Error::ConsumerNotFound.new(err)
+            else
+              ::NATS::JetStream::Error::NotFound.new(err)
+            end
+          when 400
+            ::NATS::JetStream::Error::BadRequest.new(err)
+          else
+            ::NATS::JetStream::API::Error.new(err)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    private_constant :JS
+
+    #####################
+    #                   #
+    # JetStream Errors  #
+    #                   #
+    #####################
+
+    # Error is any error that may arise when interacting with JetStream.
+    class Error < Error
+
+      # When there is a NATS::IO::NoResponders error after making a publish request.
+      class NoStreamResponse < Error; end
+
+      # When an invalid durable or consumer name was attempted to be used.
+      class InvalidDurableName < Error; end
+
+      # When an ack not longer valid.
+      class InvalidJSAck < Error; end
+
+      # When an ack has already been acked.
+      class MsgAlreadyAckd < Error; end
+
+      # When the delivered message does not behave as a message delivered by JetStream,
+      # for example when the ack reply has unrecognizable fields.
+      class NotJSMessage < Error; end
+
+      # When the stream name is invalid.
+      class InvalidStreamName < Error; end
+
+      # When the consumer name is invalid.
+      class InvalidConsumerName < Error; end
+
+      # When the server responds with an error from the JetStream API.
+      class APIError < Error
+        attr_reader :code, :err_code, :description, :stream, :seq
+
+        def initialize(params={})
+          @code = params[:code]
+          @err_code = params[:err_code]
+          @description = params[:description]
+          @stream = params[:stream]
+          @seq = params[:seq]
+        end
+
+        def to_s
+          "#{@description} (status_code=#{@code}, err_code=#{@err_code})"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # When JetStream is not currently available, this could be due to JetStream
+      # not being enabled or temporarily unavailable due to a leader election when
+      # running in cluster mode.
+      # This condition is represented with a message that has 503 status code header.
+      class ServiceUnavailable < APIError
+        def initialize(params={})
+          super(params)
+          @code ||= 503
+        end
+      end
+
+      # When there is a hard failure in the JetStream.
+      # This condition is represented with a message that has 500 status code header.
+      class ServerError < APIError
+        def initialize(params={})
+          super(params)
+          @code ||= 500
+        end
+      end
+
+      # When a JetStream object was not found.
+      # This condition is represented with a message that has 404 status code header.
+      class NotFound < APIError
+        def initialize(params={})
+          super(params)
+          @code ||= 404
+        end
+      end
+
+      # When the stream is not found.
+      class StreamNotFound < NotFound; end
+
+      # When the consumer or durable is not found by name.
+      class ConsumerNotFound < NotFound; end
+
+      # When the JetStream client makes an invalid request.
+      # This condition is represented with a message that has 400 status code header.
+      class BadRequest < APIError
+        def initialize(params={})
+          super(params)
+          @code ||= 400
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #######################
+    #                     #
+    # JetStream API Types #
+    #                     #
+    #######################
+
+    # JetStream::API are the types used to interact with the JetStream API.
+    module API
+      # When the server responds with an error from the JetStream API.
+      Error = ::NATS::JetStream::Error::APIError
+
+      # SequenceInfo is a pair of consumer and stream sequence and last activity.
+      # @!attribute consumer_seq
+      #   @return [Integer] The consumer sequence.
+      # @!attribute stream_seq
+      #   @return [Integer] The stream sequence.
+      SequenceInfo = Struct.new(:consumer_seq, :stream_seq, :last_active,
+                                keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          # Filter unrecognized fields and freeze.
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          super(opts)
+          freeze
+        end
+      end
+
+      # ConsumerInfo is the current status of a JetStream consumer.
+      #
+      # @!attribute stream_name
+      #   @return [String] name of the stream to which the consumer belongs.
+      # @!attribute name
+      #   @return [String] name of the consumer.
+      # @!attribute created
+      #   @return [String] time when the consumer was created.
+      # @!attribute config
+      #   @return [ConsumerConfig] consumer configuration.
+      # @!attribute delivered
+      #   @return [SequenceInfo]
+      # @!attribute ack_floor
+      #   @return [SequenceInfo]
+      # @!attribute num_ack_pending
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute num_redelivered
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute num_waiting
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute num_pending
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute cluster
+      #   @return [Hash]
+      ConsumerInfo = Struct.new(:type, :stream_name, :name, :created,
+                                :config, :delivered, :ack_floor,
+                                :num_ack_pending, :num_redelivered, :num_waiting,
+                                :num_pending, :cluster, :push_bound,
+                                keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          opts[:created] = Time.parse(opts[:created])
+          opts[:ack_floor] = SequenceInfo.new(opts[:ack_floor])
+          opts[:delivered] = SequenceInfo.new(opts[:delivered])
+          opts[:config][:ack_wait] = opts[:config][:ack_wait] / 1_000_000_000
+          opts[:config] = ConsumerConfig.new(opts[:config])
+          opts.delete(:cluster)
+          # Filter unrecognized fields just in case.
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          super(opts)
+          freeze
+        end
+      end
+
+      # ConsumerConfig is the consumer configuration.
+      #
+      # @!attribute durable_name
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute deliver_policy
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute ack_policy
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute ack_wait
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute max_deliver
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute replay_policy
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute max_waiting
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute max_ack_pending
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      ConsumerConfig = Struct.new(:durable_name, :description, :deliver_subject,
+                                  :deliver_group, :deliver_policy, :opt_start_seq,
+                                  :opt_start_time, :ack_policy, :ack_wait, :max_deliver,
+                                  :filter_subject, :replay_policy, :rate_limit_bps,
+                                  :sample_freq, :max_waiting, :max_ack_pending,
+                                  :flow_control, :idle_heartbeat, :headers_only,
+                                  keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          # Filter unrecognized fields just in case.
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          super(opts)
+        end
+
+        def to_json(*args)
+          config = self.to_h
+          config.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+          config.to_json(*args)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # StreamConfig represents the configuration of a stream from JetStream.
+      #
+      # @!attribute type
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute config
+      #   @return [Hash]
+      # @!attribute created
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute state
+      #   @return [StreamState]
+      # @!attribute did_create
+      #   @return [Boolean]
+      # @!attribute name
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute subjects
+      #   @return [Array]
+      # @!attribute retention
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute max_consumers
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute max_msgs
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute max_bytes
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute max_age
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute max_msgs_per_subject
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute max_msg_size
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute discard
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute storage
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute num_replicas
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute duplicate_window
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      StreamConfig = Struct.new(:name, :subjects, :retention, :max_consumers,
+                                :max_msgs, :max_bytes, :max_age,
+                                :max_msgs_per_subject, :max_msg_size,
+                                :discard, :storage, :num_replicas, :duplicate_window,
+                                keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          # Filter unrecognized fields just in case.
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          super(opts)
+        end
+
+        def to_json(*args)
+          config = self.to_h
+          config.delete_if { |_k, v| v.nil? }
+          config.to_json(*args)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # StreamInfo is the info about a stream from JetStream.
+      #
+      # @!attribute type
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute config
+      #   @return [Hash]
+      # @!attribute created
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute state
+      #   @return [Hash]
+      # @!attribute domain
+      #   @return [String]
+      StreamInfo = Struct.new(:type, :config, :created, :state, :domain,
+                              keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          opts[:config] = StreamConfig.new(opts[:config])
+          opts[:state] = StreamState.new(opts[:state])
+          opts[:created] = Time.parse(opts[:created])
+
+          # Filter fields and freeze.
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          super(opts)
+          freeze
+        end
+      end
+
+      # StreamState is the state of a stream.
+      #
+      # @!attribute messages
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute bytes
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute first_seq
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute last_seq
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      # @!attribute consumer_count
+      #   @return [Integer]
+      StreamState = Struct.new(:messages, :bytes, :first_seq, :first_ts,
+                               :last_seq, :last_ts, :consumer_count,
+                               keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          super(opts)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # StreamCreateResponse is the response from the JetStream $JS.API.STREAM.CREATE API.
+      #
+      # @!attribute type
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute config
+      #   @return [StreamConfig]
+      # @!attribute created
+      #   @return [String]
+      # @!attribute state
+      #   @return [StreamState]
+      # @!attribute did_create
+      #   @return [Boolean]
+      StreamCreateResponse = Struct.new(:type, :config, :created, :state, :did_create,
+                                        keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts={})
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          opts[:config] = StreamConfig.new(opts[:config])
+          opts[:state] = StreamState.new(opts[:state])
+          super(opts)
+          freeze
+        end
+      end
+
+      RawStreamMsg = Struct.new(:subject, :seq, :data, :headers, keyword_init: true) do
+        def initialize(opts)
+          opts[:data] = Base64.decode64(opts[:data]) if opts[:data]
+          if opts[:hdrs]
+            header = Base64.decode64(opts[:hdrs])
+            hdr = {}
+            lines = header.lines
+            lines.slice(1, header.size).each do |line|
+              line.rstrip!
+              next if line.empty?
+              key, value = line.strip.split(/\s*:\s*/, 2)
+              hdr[key] = value
+            end
+            opts[:headers] = hdr
+          end
+
+          # Filter out members not present.
+          rem = opts.keys - members
+          opts.delete_if { |k| rem.include?(k) }
+          super(opts)
+        end
+
+        def sequence
+          self.seq
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end