mysql2 0.3.21 → 0.4.0

data/spec/mysql2/statement_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+# encoding: UTF-8
+require './spec/spec_helper.rb'
+
+RSpec.describe Mysql2::Statement do
+  before :each do
+    @client = Mysql2::Client.new(DatabaseCredentials['root'].merge(:encoding => "utf8"))
+  end
+
+  it "should create a statement" do
+    statement = nil
+    expect { statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1' }.not_to raise_error
+    expect(statement).to be_kind_of Mysql2::Statement
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an exception when server disconnects" do
+    @client.close
+    expect { @client.prepare 'SELECT 1' }.to raise_error(Mysql2::Error)
+  end
+
+  it "should tell us the param count" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT ?, ?'
+    expect(statement.param_count).to eq(2)
+
+    statement2 = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    expect(statement2.param_count).to eq(0)
+  end
+
+  it "should tell us the field count" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT ?, ?'
+    expect(statement.field_count).to eq(2)
+
+    statement2 = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    expect(statement2.field_count).to eq(1)
+  end
+
+  it "should let us execute our statement" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    expect(statement.execute).not_to eq(nil)
+  end
+
+  it "should raise an exception without a block" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    expect { statement.execute.each }.to raise_error(LocalJumpError)
+  end
+
+  it "should tell us the result count" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    result = statement.execute
+    expect(result.count).to eq(1)
+  end
+
+  it "should let us iterate over results" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    result = statement.execute
+    rows = []
+    result.each {|r| rows << r}
+    expect(rows).to eq([{"1"=>1}])
+  end
+
+  it "should keep its result after other query" do
+    @client.query 'USE test'
+    @client.query 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mysql2_stmt_q(a int)'
+    @client.query 'INSERT INTO mysql2_stmt_q (a) VALUES (1), (2)'
+    stmt = @client.prepare('SELECT a FROM mysql2_stmt_q WHERE a = ?')
+    result1 = stmt.execute(1)
+    result2 = stmt.execute(2)
+    expect(result2.first).to eq({"a"=>2})
+    expect(result1.first).to eq({"a"=>1})
+    @client.query 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mysql2_stmt_q'
+  end
+
+  it "should be reusable 1000 times" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    1000.times do
+      result = statement.execute
+      expect(result.to_a.length).to eq(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should be reusable 10000 times" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1'
+    10000.times do
+      result = statement.execute
+      expect(result.to_a.length).to eq(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  it "should handle comparisons and likes" do
+    @client.query 'USE test'
+    @client.query 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mysql2_stmt_q(a int, b varchar(10))'
+    @client.query 'INSERT INTO mysql2_stmt_q (a, b) VALUES (1, "Hello"), (2, "World")'
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT * FROM mysql2_stmt_q WHERE a < ?'
+    results = statement.execute(2)
+    expect(results.first).to eq({"a" => 1, "b" => "Hello"})
+
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT * FROM mysql2_stmt_q WHERE b LIKE ?'
+    results = statement.execute('%orld')
+    expect(results.first).to eq({"a" => 2, "b" => "World"})
+
+    @client.query 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS mysql2_stmt_q'
+  end
+
+  it "should select dates" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT NOW()'
+    result = statement.execute
+    expect(result.first.first[1]).to be_kind_of Time
+  end
+
+  it "should tell us about the fields" do
+    statement = @client.prepare 'SELECT 1 as foo, 2'
+    statement.execute
+    list = statement.fields
+    expect(list.length).to eq(2)
+    expect(list.first).to eq('foo')
+    expect(list[1]).to eq('2')
+  end
+
+  context "utf8_db" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @client.query("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test_mysql2_stmt_utf8")
+      @client.query("CREATE DATABASE test_mysql2_stmt_utf8")
+      @client.query("USE test_mysql2_stmt_utf8")
+      @client.query("CREATE TABLE テーブル (整数 int, 文字列 varchar(32)) charset=utf8")
+      @client.query("INSERT INTO テーブル (整数, 文字列) VALUES (1, 'イチ'), (2, '弐'), (3, 'さん')")
+    end
+
+    after(:each) do
+      @client.query("DROP DATABASE test_mysql2_stmt_utf8")
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to retrieve utf8 field names correctly" do
+      stmt = @client.prepare 'SELECT * FROM `テーブル`'
+      expect(stmt.fields).to eq(['整数', '文字列'])
+      result = stmt.execute
+
+      expect(result.to_a).to eq([{"整数"=>1, "文字列"=>"イチ"}, {"整数"=>2, "文字列"=>"弐"}, {"整数"=>3, "文字列"=>"さん"}])
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to retrieve utf8 param query correctly" do
+      stmt = @client.prepare 'SELECT 整数 FROM テーブル WHERE 文字列 = ?'
+      expect(stmt.param_count).to eq(1)
+
+      result = stmt.execute 'イチ'
+
+      expect(result.to_a).to eq([{"整数"=>1}])
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to retrieve query with param in different encoding correctly" do
+      stmt = @client.prepare 'SELECT 整数 FROM テーブル WHERE 文字列 = ?'
+      expect(stmt.param_count).to eq(1)
+
+      param = 'イチ'.encode("EUC-JP")
+      result = stmt.execute param
+
+      expect(result.to_a).to eq([{"整数"=>1}])
+    end
+
+  end if defined? Encoding
+
+  context "streaming result" do
+    it "should be able to stream query result" do
+      n = 1
+      stmt = @client.prepare("SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2")
+
+      @client.query_options.merge!({:stream => true, :cache_rows => false, :as => :array})
+
+      stmt.execute.each do |r|
+        case n
+        when 1
+          expect(r).to eq([1])
+        when 2
+          expect(r).to eq([2])
+        else
+          violated "returned more than two rows"
+        end
+        n += 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "#each" do
+    # note: The current impl. of prepared statement requires results to be cached on #execute except for streaming queries
+    #       The drawback of this is that args of Result#each is ignored...
+
+    it "should yield rows as hash's" do
+      @result = @client.prepare("SELECT 1").execute
+      @result.each do |row|
+        expect(row.class).to eql(Hash)
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should yield rows as hash's with symbol keys if :symbolize_keys was set to true" do
+      @client.query_options[:symbolize_keys] = true
+      @result = @client.prepare("SELECT 1").execute
+      @result.each do |row|
+        expect(row.keys.first.class).to eql(Symbol)
+      end
+      @client.query_options[:symbolize_keys] = false
+    end
+
+    it "should be able to return results as an array" do
+      @client.query_options[:as] = :array
+
+      @result = @client.prepare("SELECT 1").execute
+      @result.each do |row|
+        expect(row.class).to eql(Array)
+      end
+
+      @client.query_options[:as] = :hash
+    end
+
+    it "should cache previously yielded results by default" do
+      @result = @client.prepare("SELECT 1").execute
+      expect(@result.first.object_id).to eql(@result.first.object_id)
+    end
+
+    it "should yield different value for #first if streaming" do
+      @client.query_options[:stream] = true
+      @client.query_options[:cache_rows] = false
+
+      result = @client.prepare("SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2").execute
+      expect(result.first).not_to eql(result.first)
+
+      @client.query_options[:stream] = false
+      @client.query_options[:cache_rows] = true
+    end
+
+    it "should yield the same value for #first if streaming is disabled" do
+      @client.query_options[:stream] = false
+      result = @client.prepare("SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2").execute
+      expect(result.first).to eql(result.first)
+    end
+
+    it "should throw an exception if we try to iterate twice when streaming is enabled" do
+      @client.query_options[:stream] = true
+      @client.query_options[:cache_rows] = false
+
+      result = @client.prepare("SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2").execute
+
+      expect {
+        result.each {}
+        result.each {}
+      }.to raise_exception(Mysql2::Error)
+
+      @client.query_options[:stream] = false
+      @client.query_options[:cache_rows] = true
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "#fields" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @client.query "USE test"
+      @test_result = @client.prepare("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").execute
+    end
+
+    it "method should exist" do
+      expect(@test_result).to respond_to(:fields)
+    end
+
+    it "should return an array of field names in proper order" do
+      result = @client.prepare("SELECT 'a', 'b', 'c'").execute
+      expect(result.fields).to eql(['a', 'b', 'c'])
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "row data type mapping" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @client.query "USE test"
+      @test_result = @client.prepare("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").execute.first
+    end
+
+    it "should return nil for a NULL value" do
+      expect(@test_result['null_test'].class).to eql(NilClass)
+      expect(@test_result['null_test']).to eql(nil)
+    end
+
+    it "should return String for a BIT(64) value" do
+      expect(@test_result['bit_test'].class).to eql(String)
+      expect(@test_result['bit_test']).to eql("\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\005")
+    end
+
+    it "should return String for a BIT(1) value" do
+      expect(@test_result['single_bit_test'].class).to eql(String)
+      expect(@test_result['single_bit_test']).to eql("\001")
+    end
+
+    it "should return Fixnum for a TINYINT value" do
+      expect([Fixnum, Bignum]).to include(@test_result['tiny_int_test'].class)
+      expect(@test_result['tiny_int_test']).to eql(1)
+    end
+
+    it "should return TrueClass or FalseClass for a TINYINT value if :cast_booleans is enabled" do
+      @client.query 'INSERT INTO mysql2_test (bool_cast_test) VALUES (1)'
+      id1 = @client.last_id
+      @client.query 'INSERT INTO mysql2_test (bool_cast_test) VALUES (0)'
+      id2 = @client.last_id
+      @client.query 'INSERT INTO mysql2_test (bool_cast_test) VALUES (-1)'
+      id3 = @client.last_id
+
+      result1 = @client.query 'SELECT bool_cast_test FROM mysql2_test WHERE bool_cast_test = 1 LIMIT 1', :cast_booleans => true
+      result2 = @client.query 'SELECT bool_cast_test FROM mysql2_test WHERE bool_cast_test = 0 LIMIT 1', :cast_booleans => true
+      result3 = @client.query 'SELECT bool_cast_test FROM mysql2_test WHERE bool_cast_test = -1 LIMIT 1', :cast_booleans => true
+      expect(result1.first['bool_cast_test']).to be true
+      expect(result2.first['bool_cast_test']).to be false
+      expect(result3.first['bool_cast_test']).to be true
+
+      @client.query "DELETE from mysql2_test WHERE id IN(#{id1},#{id2},#{id3})"
+    end
+
+    it "should return TrueClass or FalseClass for a BIT(1) value if :cast_booleans is enabled" do
+      @client.query 'INSERT INTO mysql2_test (single_bit_test) VALUES (1)'
+      id1 = @client.last_id
+      @client.query 'INSERT INTO mysql2_test (single_bit_test) VALUES (0)'
+      id2 = @client.last_id
+
+      result1 = @client.query "SELECT single_bit_test FROM mysql2_test WHERE id = #{id1}", :cast_booleans => true
+      result2 = @client.query "SELECT single_bit_test FROM mysql2_test WHERE id = #{id2}", :cast_booleans => true
+      expect(result1.first['single_bit_test']).to be true
+      expect(result2.first['single_bit_test']).to be false
+
+      @client.query "DELETE from mysql2_test WHERE id IN(#{id1},#{id2})"
+    end
+
+    it "should return Fixnum for a SMALLINT value" do
+      expect([Fixnum, Bignum]).to include(@test_result['small_int_test'].class)
+      expect(@test_result['small_int_test']).to eql(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should return Fixnum for a MEDIUMINT value" do
+      expect([Fixnum, Bignum]).to include(@test_result['medium_int_test'].class)
+      expect(@test_result['medium_int_test']).to eql(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should return Fixnum for an INT value" do
+      expect([Fixnum, Bignum]).to include(@test_result['int_test'].class)
+      expect(@test_result['int_test']).to eql(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should return Fixnum for a BIGINT value" do
+      expect([Fixnum, Bignum]).to include(@test_result['big_int_test'].class)
+      expect(@test_result['big_int_test']).to eql(10)
+    end
+
+    it "should return Fixnum for a YEAR value" do
+      expect([Fixnum, Bignum]).to include(@test_result['year_test'].class)
+      expect(@test_result['year_test']).to eql(2009)
+    end
+
+    it "should return BigDecimal for a DECIMAL value" do
+      expect(@test_result['decimal_test'].class).to eql(BigDecimal)
+      expect(@test_result['decimal_test']).to eql(10.3)
+    end
+
+    it "should return Float for a FLOAT value" do
+      expect(@test_result['float_test'].class).to eql(Float)
+      expect(@test_result['float_test']).to be_within(1e-5).of(10.3)
+    end
+
+    it "should return Float for a DOUBLE value" do
+      expect(@test_result['double_test'].class).to eql(Float)
+      expect(@test_result['double_test']).to eql(10.3)
+    end
+
+    it "should return Time for a DATETIME value when within the supported range" do
+      expect(@test_result['date_time_test'].class).to eql(Time)
+      expect(@test_result['date_time_test'].strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")).to eql('2010-04-04 11:44:00')
+    end
+
+    if 1.size == 4 # 32bit
+      unless RUBY_VERSION =~ /1.8/
+        klass = Time
+      else
+        klass = DateTime
+      end
+
+      it "should return DateTime when timestamp is < 1901-12-13 20:45:52" do
+                                      # 1901-12-13T20:45:52 is the min for 32bit Ruby 1.8
+        r = @client.query("SELECT CAST('1901-12-13 20:45:51' AS DATETIME) as test")
+        expect(r.first['test'].class).to eql(klass)
+      end
+
+      it "should return DateTime when timestamp is > 2038-01-19T03:14:07" do
+                                      # 2038-01-19T03:14:07 is the max for 32bit Ruby 1.8
+        r = @client.query("SELECT CAST('2038-01-19 03:14:08' AS DATETIME) as test")
+        expect(r.first['test'].class).to eql(klass)
+      end
+    elsif 1.size == 8 # 64bit
+      unless RUBY_VERSION =~ /1.8/
+        it "should return Time when timestamp is < 1901-12-13 20:45:52" do
+          r = @client.query("SELECT CAST('1901-12-13 20:45:51' AS DATETIME) as test")
+          expect(r.first['test'].class).to eql(Time)
+        end
+
+        it "should return Time when timestamp is > 2038-01-19T03:14:07" do
+          r = @client.query("SELECT CAST('2038-01-19 03:14:08' AS DATETIME) as test")
+          expect(r.first['test'].class).to eql(Time)
+        end
+      else
+        it "should return Time when timestamp is > 0138-12-31 11:59:59" do
+          r = @client.query("SELECT CAST('0139-1-1 00:00:00' AS DATETIME) as test")
+          expect(r.first['test'].class).to eql(Time)
+        end
+
+        it "should return DateTime when timestamp is < 0139-1-1T00:00:00" do
+          r = @client.query("SELECT CAST('0138-12-31 11:59:59' AS DATETIME) as test")
+          expect(r.first['test'].class).to eql(DateTime)
+        end
+
+        it "should return Time when timestamp is > 2038-01-19T03:14:07" do
+          r = @client.query("SELECT CAST('2038-01-19 03:14:08' AS DATETIME) as test")
+          expect(r.first['test'].class).to eql(Time)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should return Time for a TIMESTAMP value when within the supported range" do
+      expect(@test_result['timestamp_test'].class).to eql(Time)
+      expect(@test_result['timestamp_test'].strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")).to eql('2010-04-04 11:44:00')
+    end
+
+    it "should return Time for a TIME value" do
+      expect(@test_result['time_test'].class).to eql(Time)
+      expect(@test_result['time_test'].strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")).to eql('2000-01-01 11:44:00')
+    end
+
+    it "should return Date for a DATE value" do
+      expect(@test_result['date_test'].class).to eql(Date)
+      expect(@test_result['date_test'].strftime("%Y-%m-%d")).to eql('2010-04-04')
+    end
+
+    it "should return String for an ENUM value" do
+      expect(@test_result['enum_test'].class).to eql(String)
+      expect(@test_result['enum_test']).to eql('val1')
+    end
+
+    it "should raise an error given an invalid DATETIME" do
+      expect { @client.query("SELECT CAST('1972-00-27 00:00:00' AS DATETIME) as bad_datetime").each }.to \
+        raise_error(Mysql2::Error, "Invalid date in field 'bad_datetime': 1972-00-27 00:00:00")
+    end
+
+    context "string encoding for ENUM values" do
+      before { pending('Encoding is undefined') unless defined?(Encoding) }
+
+      it "should default to the connection's encoding if Encoding.default_internal is nil" do
+        with_internal_encoding nil do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['enum_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::UTF_8)
+
+          client2 = Mysql2::Client.new(DatabaseCredentials['root'].merge(:encoding => 'ascii'))
+          result = client2.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['enum_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::US_ASCII)
+          client2.close
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should use Encoding.default_internal" do
+        with_internal_encoding Encoding::UTF_8 do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['enum_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding.default_internal)
+        end
+
+        with_internal_encoding Encoding::ASCII do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['enum_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding.default_internal)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should return String for a SET value" do
+      expect(@test_result['set_test'].class).to eql(String)
+      expect(@test_result['set_test']).to eql('val1,val2')
+    end
+
+    context "string encoding for SET values" do
+      before { pending('Encoding is undefined') unless defined?(Encoding) }
+
+      it "should default to the connection's encoding if Encoding.default_internal is nil" do
+        with_internal_encoding nil do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['set_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::UTF_8)
+
+          client2 = Mysql2::Client.new(DatabaseCredentials['root'].merge(:encoding => 'ascii'))
+          result = client2.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['set_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::US_ASCII)
+          client2.close
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should use Encoding.default_internal" do
+        with_internal_encoding Encoding::UTF_8 do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['set_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding.default_internal)
+        end
+
+        with_internal_encoding Encoding::ASCII do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['set_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding.default_internal)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it "should return String for a BINARY value" do
+      expect(@test_result['binary_test'].class).to eql(String)
+      expect(@test_result['binary_test']).to eql("test#{"\000"*6}")
+    end
+
+    context "string encoding for BINARY values" do
+      before { pending('Encoding is undefined') unless defined?(Encoding) }
+
+      it "should default to binary if Encoding.default_internal is nil" do
+        with_internal_encoding nil do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['binary_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::BINARY)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "should not use Encoding.default_internal" do
+        with_internal_encoding Encoding::UTF_8 do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['binary_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::BINARY)
+        end
+
+        with_internal_encoding Encoding::ASCII do
+          result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+          expect(result['binary_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::BINARY)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    {
+      'char_test' => 'CHAR',
+      'varchar_test' => 'VARCHAR',
+      'varbinary_test' => 'VARBINARY',
+      'tiny_blob_test' => 'TINYBLOB',
+      'tiny_text_test' => 'TINYTEXT',
+      'blob_test' => 'BLOB',
+      'text_test' => 'TEXT',
+      'medium_blob_test' => 'MEDIUMBLOB',
+      'medium_text_test' => 'MEDIUMTEXT',
+      'long_blob_test' => 'LONGBLOB',
+      'long_text_test' => 'LONGTEXT'
+    }.each do |field, type|
+      it "should return a String for #{type}" do
+        expect(@test_result[field].class).to eql(String)
+        expect(@test_result[field]).to eql("test")
+      end
+
+      context "string encoding for #{type} values" do
+        before { pending('Encoding is undefined') unless defined?(Encoding) }
+
+        if ['VARBINARY', 'TINYBLOB', 'BLOB', 'MEDIUMBLOB', 'LONGBLOB'].include?(type)
+          it "should default to binary if Encoding.default_internal is nil" do
+            with_internal_encoding nil do
+              result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+              expect(result['binary_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::BINARY)
+            end
+          end
+
+          it "should not use Encoding.default_internal" do
+            with_internal_encoding Encoding::UTF_8 do
+              result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+              expect(result['binary_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::BINARY)
+            end
+
+            with_internal_encoding Encoding::ASCII do
+              result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+              expect(result['binary_test'].encoding).to eql(Encoding::BINARY)
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          it "should default to utf-8 if Encoding.default_internal is nil" do
+            with_internal_encoding nil do
+              result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+              expect(result[field].encoding).to eql(Encoding::UTF_8)
+
+              client2 = Mysql2::Client.new(DatabaseCredentials['root'].merge(:encoding => 'ascii'))
+              result = client2.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+              expect(result[field].encoding).to eql(Encoding::US_ASCII)
+              client2.close
+            end
+          end
+
+          it "should use Encoding.default_internal" do
+            with_internal_encoding Encoding::UTF_8 do
+              result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+              expect(result[field].encoding).to eql(Encoding.default_internal)
+            end
+
+            with_internal_encoding Encoding::ASCII do
+              result = @client.query("SELECT * FROM mysql2_test ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1").first
+              expect(result[field].encoding).to eql(Encoding.default_internal)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end