my-simon 0.0.0 → 0.0.1

data/www/lib/php/plugins/php-activerecord/lib/Model.php

@@ -0,0 +1,1673 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package ActiveRecord
+ */
+namespace ActiveRecord;
+
+/**
+ * The base class for your models.
+ *
+ * Defining an ActiveRecord model for a table called people and orders:
+ *
+ * <code>
+ * CREATE TABLE people(
+ *   id int primary key auto_increment,
+ *   parent_id int,
+ *   first_name varchar(50),
+ *   last_name varchar(50)
+ * );
+ *
+ * CREATE TABLE orders(
+ *   id int primary key auto_increment,
+ *   person_id int not null,
+ *   cost decimal(10,2),
+ *   total decimal(10,2)
+ * );
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * <code>
+ * class Person extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+ *   static $belongs_to = array(
+ *     array('parent', 'foreign_key' => 'parent_id', 'class_name' => 'Person')
+ *   );
+ *
+ *   static $has_many = array(
+ *     array('children', 'foreign_key' => 'parent_id', 'class_name' => 'Person'),
+ *     array('orders')
+ *   );
+ *
+ *   static $validates_length_of = array(
+ *     array('first_name', 'within' => array(1,50)),
+ *     array('last_name', 'within' => array(1,50))
+ *   );
+ * }
+ *
+ * class Order extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+ *   static $belongs_to = array(
+ *     array('person')
+ *   );
+ *
+ *   static $validates_numericality_of = array(
+ *     array('cost', 'greater_than' => 0),
+ *     array('total', 'greater_than' => 0)
+ *   );
+ *
+ *   static $before_save = array('calculate_total_with_tax');
+ *
+ *   public function calculate_total_with_tax() {
+ *     $this->total = $this->cost * 0.045;
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * For a more in-depth look at defining models, relationships, callbacks and many other things
+ * please consult our {@link http://www.phpactiverecord.org/guides Guides}.
+ *
+ * @package ActiveRecord
+ * @see BelongsTo
+ * @see CallBack
+ * @see HasMany
+ * @see HasAndBelongsToMany
+ * @see Serialization
+ * @see Validations
+ */
+class Model
+{
+	/**
+	 * An instance of {@link Errors} and will be instantiated once a write method is called.
+	 *
+	 * @var Errors
+	 */
+	public $errors;
+
+	/**
+	 * Contains model values as column_name => value
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $attributes = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Flag whether or not this model's attributes have been modified since it will either be null or an array of column_names that have been modified
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $__dirty = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Flag that determines of this model can have a writer method invoked such as: save/update/insert/delete
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	private $__readonly = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * Array of relationship objects as model_attribute_name => relationship
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $__relationships = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Flag that determines if a call to save() should issue an insert or an update sql statement
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	private $__new_record = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * Set to the name of the connection this {@link Model} should use.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	static $connection;
+
+	/**
+	 * Set to the name of the database this Model's table is in.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	static $db;
+
+	/**
+	 * Set this to explicitly specify the model's table name if different from inferred name.
+	 *
+	 * If your table doesn't follow our table name convention you can set this to the
+	 * name of your table to explicitly tell ActiveRecord what your table is called.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	static $table_name;
+
+	/**
+	 * Set this to override the default primary key name if different from default name of "id".
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	static $primary_key;
+
+	/**
+	 * Set this to explicitly specify the sequence name for the table.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	static $sequence;
+
+	/**
+	 * Allows you to create aliases for attributes.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * class Person extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+	 *   static $alias_attribute = array(
+	 *     'the_first_name' => 'first_name',
+	 *     'the_last_name' => 'last_name');
+	 * }
+	 *
+	 * $person = Person::first();
+	 * $person->the_first_name = 'Tito';
+	 * echo $person->the_first_name;
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	static $alias_attribute = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Whitelist of attributes that are checked from mass-assignment calls such as constructing a model or using update_attributes.
+	 *
+	 * This is the opposite of {@link attr_protected $attr_protected}.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * class Person extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+	 *   static $attr_accessible = array('first_name','last_name');
+	 * }
+	 *
+	 * $person = new Person(array(
+	 *   'first_name' => 'Tito',
+	 *   'last_name' => 'the Grief',
+	 *   'id' => 11111));
+	 *
+	 * echo $person->id; # => null
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	static $attr_accessible = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Blacklist of attributes that cannot be mass-assigned.
+	 *
+	 * This is the opposite of {@link attr_accessible $attr_accessible} and the format
+	 * for defining these are exactly the same.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	static $attr_protected = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Delegates calls to a relationship.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * class Person extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+	 *   static $belongs_to = array(array('venue'),array('host'));
+	 *   static $delegate = array(
+	 *     array('name', 'state', 'to' => 'venue'),
+	 *     array('name', 'to' => 'host', 'prefix' => 'woot'));
+	 * }
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * Can then do:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * $person->state     # same as calling $person->venue->state
+	 * $person->name      # same as calling $person->venue->name
+	 * $person->woot_name # same as calling $person->host->name
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	static $delegate = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Define customer setters methods for the model.
+	 *
+	 * You can also use this to define custom setters for attributes as well.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * class User extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+	 *   static $setters = array('password','more','even_more');
+	 *
+	 *   # now to define the setter methods. Note you must
+	 *   # prepend set_ to your method name:
+	 *   function set_password($plaintext) {
+	 *     $this->encrypted_password = md5($plaintext);
+	 *   }
+	 * }
+	 *
+	 * $user = new User();
+	 * $user->password = 'plaintext';  # will call $user->set_password('plaintext')
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * If you define a custom setter with the same name as an attribute then you
+	 * will need to use assign_attribute() to assign the value to the attribute.
+	 * This is necessary due to the way __set() works.
+	 *
+	 * For example, assume 'name' is a field on the table and we're defining a
+	 * custom setter for 'name':
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * class User extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+	 *   static $setters = array('name');
+	 *
+	 *   # INCORRECT way to do it
+	 *   # function set_name($name) {
+	 *   #   $this->name = strtoupper($name);
+	 *   # }
+	 *
+	 *   function set_name($name) {
+	 *     $this->assign_attribute('name',strtoupper($name));
+	 *   }
+	 * }
+	 *
+	 * $user = new User();
+	 * $user->name = 'bob';
+	 * echo $user->name; # => BOB
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	static $setters = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Define customer getter methods for the model.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * class User extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+	 *   static $getters = array('middle_initial','more','even_more');
+	 *
+	 *   # now to define the getter method. Note you must
+	 *   # prepend get_ to your method name:
+	 *   function get_middle_initial() {
+	 *     return $this->middle_name{0};
+	 *   }
+	 * }
+	 *
+	 * $user = new User();
+	 * echo $user->middle_name;  # will call $user->get_middle_name()
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * If you define a custom getter with the same name as an attribute then you
+	 * will need to use read_attribute() to get the attribute's value.
+	 * This is necessary due to the way __get() works.
+	 *
+	 * For example, assume 'name' is a field on the table and we're defining a
+	 * custom getter for 'name':
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * class User extends ActiveRecord\Model {
+	 *   static $getters = array('name');
+	 *
+	 *   # INCORRECT way to do it
+	 *   # function get_name() {
+	 *   #   return strtoupper($this->name);
+	 *   # }
+	 *
+	 *   function get_name() {
+	 *     return strtoupper($this->read_attribute('name'));
+	 *   }
+	 * }
+	 *
+	 * $user = new User();
+	 * $user->name = 'bob';
+	 * echo $user->name; # => BOB
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	static $getters = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a model.
+	 *
+	 * When a user instantiates a new object (e.g.: it was not ActiveRecord that instantiated via a find)
+	 * then @var $attributes will be mapped according to the schema's defaults. Otherwise, the given
+	 * $attributes will be mapped via set_attributes_via_mass_assignment.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * new Person(array('first_name' => 'Tito', 'last_name' => 'the Grief'));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @param array $attributes Hash containing names and values to mass assign to the model
+	 * @param boolean $guard_attributes Set to true to guard attributes
+	 * @param boolean $instantiating_via_find Set to true if this model is being created from a find call
+	 * @param boolean $new_record Set to true if this should be considered a new record
+	 * @return Model
+	 */
+	public function __construct(array $attributes=array(), $guard_attributes=true, $instantiating_via_find=false, $new_record=true)
+	{
+		$this->__new_record = $new_record;
+
+		// initialize attributes applying defaults
+		if (!$instantiating_via_find)
+		{
+			foreach (static::table()->columns as $name => $meta)
+				$this->attributes[$meta->inflected_name] = $meta->default;
+		}
+
+		$this->set_attributes_via_mass_assignment($attributes, $guard_attributes);
+
+		// since all attribute assignment now goes thru assign_attributes() we want to reset
+		// dirty if instantiating via find since nothing is really dirty when doing that
+		if ($instantiating_via_find)
+			$this->__dirty = array();
+
+		$this->invoke_callback('after_construct',false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Magic method which delegates to read_attribute(). This handles firing off getter methods,
+	 * as they are not checked/invoked inside of read_attribute(). This circumvents the problem with
+	 * a getter being accessed with the same name as an actual attribute.
+	 *
+	 * @see read_attribute()
+	 * @param string $name Name of an attribute
+	 * @return mixed The value of the attribute
+	 */
+	public function &__get($name)
+	{
+		// check for getter
+		if (in_array("get_$name",static::$getters))
+		{
+			$name = "get_$name";
+			$value = $this->$name();
+			return $value;
+		}
+
+		return $this->read_attribute($name);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines if an attribute exists for this {@link Model}.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $attribute_name
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function __isset($attribute_name)
+	{
+		return array_key_exists($attribute_name,$this->attributes) || array_key_exists($attribute_name,static::$alias_attribute);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Magic allows un-defined attributes to set via $attributes
+	 *
+	 * @throws {@link UndefinedPropertyException} if $name does not exist
+	 * @param string $name Name of attribute, relationship or other to set
+	 * @param mixed $value The value
+	 * @return mixed The value
+	 */
+	public function __set($name, $value)
+	{
+		if (array_key_exists($name, static::$alias_attribute))
+			$name = static::$alias_attribute[$name];
+
+		elseif (in_array("set_$name",static::$setters))
+		{
+			$name = "set_$name";
+			return $this->$name($value);
+		}
+
+		if (array_key_exists($name,$this->attributes))
+			return $this->assign_attribute($name,$value);
+
+		foreach (static::$delegate as &$item)
+		{
+			if (($delegated_name = $this->is_delegated($name,$item)))
+				return $this->$item['to']->$delegated_name = $value;
+		}
+
+		throw new UndefinedPropertyException(get_called_class(),$name);
+	}
+
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		// make sure the models Table instance gets initialized when waking up
+		static::table();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Assign a value to an attribute.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of the attribute
+	 * @param mixed &$value Value of the attribute
+	 * @return mixed the attribute value
+	 */
+	public function assign_attribute($name, $value)
+	{
+		$table = static::table();
+
+		if (array_key_exists($name,$table->columns) && !is_object($value))
+			$value = $table->columns[$name]->cast($value,static::connection());
+
+		// convert php's \DateTime to ours
+		if ($value instanceof \DateTime)
+			$value = new DateTime($value->format('Y-m-d H:i:s T'));
+
+		// make sure DateTime values know what model they belong to so
+		// dirty stuff works when calling set methods on the DateTime object
+		if ($value instanceof DateTime)
+			$value->attribute_of($this,$name);
+
+		$this->attributes[$name] = $value;
+		$this->flag_dirty($name);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves an attribute's value or a relationship object based on the name passed. If the attribute
+	 * accessed is 'id' then it will return the model's primary key no matter what the actual attribute name is
+	 * for the primary key.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of an attribute
+	 * @return mixed The value of the attribute
+	 * @throws {@link UndefinedPropertyException} if name could not be resolved to an attribute, relationship, ...
+	 */
+	public function &read_attribute($name)
+	{
+		// check for aliased attribute
+		if (array_key_exists($name, static::$alias_attribute))
+			$name = static::$alias_attribute[$name];
+
+		// check for attribute
+		if (array_key_exists($name,$this->attributes))
+			return $this->attributes[$name];
+
+		// check relationships if no attribute
+		if (array_key_exists($name,$this->__relationships))
+			return $this->__relationships[$name];
+
+		$table = static::table();
+
+		// this may be first access to the relationship so check Table
+		if (($relationship = $table->get_relationship($name)))
+		{
+			$this->__relationships[$name] = $relationship->load($this);
+			return $this->__relationships[$name];
+		}
+
+		if ($name == 'id')
+		{
+			if (count($this->get_primary_key()) > 1)
+				throw new Exception("TODO composite key support");
+
+			if (isset($this->attributes[$table->pk[0]]))
+				return $this->attributes[$table->pk[0]];
+		}
+
+		//do not remove - have to return null by reference in strict mode
+		$null = null;
+
+		foreach (static::$delegate as &$item)
+		{
+			if (($delegated_name = $this->is_delegated($name,$item)))
+			{
+				$to = $item['to'];
+				if ($this->$to)
+				{
+					$val =& $this->$to->$delegated_name;
+					return $val;
+				}
+				else
+					return $null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new UndefinedPropertyException(get_called_class(),$name);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Flags an attribute as dirty.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Attribute name
+	 */
+	public function flag_dirty($name)
+	{
+		if (!$this->__dirty)
+			$this->__dirty = array();
+
+		$this->__dirty[$name] = true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns hash of attributes that have been modified since loading the model.
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed null if no dirty attributes otherwise returns array of dirty attributes.
+	 */
+	public function dirty_attributes()
+	{
+		if (!$this->__dirty)
+			return null;
+
+		$dirty = array_intersect_key($this->attributes,$this->__dirty);
+		return !empty($dirty) ? $dirty : null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a copy of the model's attributes hash.
+	 *
+	 * @return array A copy of the model's attribute data
+	 */
+	public function attributes()
+	{
+		return $this->attributes;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieve the primary key name.
+	 *
+	 * @return string The primary key for the model
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_key()
+	{
+		return Table::load(get_class($this))->pk;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the actual attribute name if $name is aliased.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name An attribute name
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_real_attribute_name($name)
+	{
+		if (array_key_exists($name,$this->attributes))
+			return $name;
+
+		if (array_key_exists($name,static::$alias_attribute))
+			return static::$alias_attribute[$name];
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns array of validator data for this Model.
+	 *
+	 * Will return an array looking like:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * array(
+	 *   'name' => array(
+	 *     array('validator' => 'validates_presence_of'),
+	 *     array('validator' => 'validates_inclusion_of', 'in' => array('Bob','Joe','John')),
+	 *   'password' => array(
+	 *     array('validator' => 'validates_length_of', 'minimum' => 6))
+	 *   )
+	 * );
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @return array An array containing validator data for this model.
+	 */
+	public function get_validation_rules()
+	{
+		require_once 'Validations.php';
+
+		$validator = new Validations($this);
+		return $validator->rules();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an associative array containing values for all the attributes in $attributes
+	 *
+	 * @param array $attributes Array containing attribute names
+	 * @return array A hash containing $name => $value
+	 */
+	public function get_values_for($attributes)
+	{
+		$ret = array();
+
+		foreach ($attributes as $name)
+		{
+			if (array_key_exists($name,$this->attributes))
+				$ret[$name] = $this->attributes[$name];
+		}
+		return $ret;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the name of the table for this Model.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function table_name()
+	{
+		return static::table()->table;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the attribute name on the delegated relationship if $name is
+	 * delegated or null if not delegated.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of an attribute
+	 * @param array $delegate An array containing delegate data
+	 * @return delegated attribute name or null
+	 */
+	private function is_delegated($name, &$delegate)
+	{
+		if ($delegate['prefix'] != '')
+			$name = substr($name,strlen($delegate['prefix'])+1);
+
+		if (is_array($delegate) && in_array($name,$delegate['delegate']))
+			return $name;
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine if the model is in read-only mode.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_readonly()
+	{
+		return $this->__readonly;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine if the model is a new record.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_new_record()
+	{
+		return $this->__new_record;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Throws an exception if this model is set to readonly.
+	 *
+	 * @throws ActiveRecord\ReadOnlyException
+	 * @param string $method_name Name of method that was invoked on model for exception message
+	 */
+	private function verify_not_readonly($method_name)
+	{
+		if ($this->is_readonly())
+			throw new ReadOnlyException(get_class($this), $method_name);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Flag model as readonly.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $readonly Set to true to put the model into readonly mode
+	 */
+	public function readonly($readonly=true)
+	{
+		$this->__readonly = $readonly;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieve the connection for this model.
+	 *
+	 * @return Connection
+	 */
+	public static function connection()
+	{
+		return static::table()->conn;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the {@link Table} object for this model.
+	 *
+	 * Be sure to call in static scoping: static::table()
+	 *
+	 * @return Table
+	 */
+	public static function table()
+	{
+		return Table::load(get_called_class());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a model and saves it to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $attributes Array of the models attributes
+	 * @param boolean $validate True if the validators should be run
+	 * @return Model
+	 */
+	public static function create($attributes, $validate=true)
+	{
+		$class_name = get_called_class();
+		$model = new $class_name($attributes);
+		$model->save($validate);
+		return $model;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Save the model to the database.
+	 *
+	 * This function will automatically determine if an INSERT or UPDATE needs to occur.
+	 * If a validation or a callback for this model returns false, then the model will
+	 * not be saved and this will return false.
+	 *
+	 * If saving an existing model only data that has changed will be saved.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $validate Set to true or false depending on if you want the validators to run or not
+	 * @return boolean True if the model was saved to the database otherwise false
+	 */
+	public function save($validate=true)
+	{
+		$this->verify_not_readonly('save');
+		return $this->is_new_record() ? $this->insert($validate) : $this->update($validate);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Issue an INSERT sql statement for this model's attribute.
+	 *
+	 * @see save
+	 * @param boolean $validate Set to true or false depending on if you want the validators to run or not
+	 * @return boolean True if the model was saved to the database otherwise false
+	 */
+	private function insert($validate=true)
+	{
+		$this->verify_not_readonly('insert');
+
+		if (($validate && !$this->_validate() || !$this->invoke_callback('before_create',false)))
+			return false;
+
+		$table = static::table();
+
+		if (!($attributes = $this->dirty_attributes()))
+			$attributes = $this->attributes;
+
+		$pk = $this->get_primary_key();
+		$use_sequence = false;
+
+		if ($table->sequence && !isset($attributes[$pk[0]]))
+		{
+			if (($conn = static::connection()) instanceof OciAdapter)
+			{
+				// terrible oracle makes us select the nextval first
+				$attributes[$pk[0]] = $conn->get_next_sequence_value($table->sequence);
+				$table->insert($attributes);
+				$this->attributes[$pk[0]] = $attributes[$pk[0]];
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				// unset pk that was set to null
+				if (array_key_exists($pk[0],$attributes))
+					unset($attributes[$pk[0]]);
+
+				$table->insert($attributes,$pk[0],$table->sequence);
+				$use_sequence = true;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			$table->insert($attributes);
+
+		// if we've got an autoincrementing/sequenced pk set it
+		if (count($pk) == 1)
+		{
+			$column = $table->get_column_by_inflected_name($pk[0]);
+
+			if ($column->auto_increment || $use_sequence)
+				$this->attributes[$pk[0]] = $table->conn->insert_id($table->sequence);
+		}
+
+		$this->invoke_callback('after_create',false);
+		$this->__new_record = false;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Issue an UPDATE sql statement for this model's dirty attributes.
+	 *
+	 * @see save
+	 * @param boolean $validate Set to true or false depending on if you want the validators to run or not
+	 * @return boolean True if the model was saved to the database otherwise false
+	 */
+	private function update($validate=true)
+	{
+		$this->verify_not_readonly('update');
+
+		if ($validate && !$this->_validate())
+			return false;
+
+		if ($this->is_dirty())
+		{
+			$pk = $this->values_for_pk();
+
+			if (empty($pk))
+				throw new ActiveRecordException("Cannot update, no primary key defined for: " . get_called_class());
+
+			if (!$this->invoke_callback('before_update',false))
+				return false;
+
+			$dirty = $this->dirty_attributes();
+			static::table()->update($dirty,$pk);
+			$this->invoke_callback('after_update',false);
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model from the database and returns true if successful.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function delete()
+	{
+		$this->verify_not_readonly('delete');
+
+		$pk = $this->values_for_pk();
+
+		if (empty($pk))
+			throw new ActiveRecordException("Cannot delete, no primary key defined for: " . get_called_class());
+
+		if (!$this->invoke_callback('before_destroy',false))
+			return false;
+
+		static::table()->delete($pk);
+		$this->invoke_callback('after_destroy',false);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Helper that creates an array of values for the primary key(s).
+	 *
+	 * @return array An array in the form array(key_name => value, ...)
+	 */
+	public function values_for_pk()
+	{
+		return $this->values_for(static::table()->pk);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Helper to return a hash of values for the specified attributes.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $attribute_names Array of attribute names
+	 * @return array An array in the form array(name => value, ...)
+	 */
+	public function values_for($attribute_names)
+	{
+		$filter = array();
+
+		foreach ($attribute_names as $name)
+			$filter[$name] = $this->$name;
+
+		return $filter;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Validates the model.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean True if passed validators otherwise false
+	 */
+	private function _validate()
+	{
+		require_once 'Validations.php';
+
+		$validator = new Validations($this);
+		$validation_on = 'validation_on_' . ($this->is_new_record() ? 'create' : 'update');
+
+		foreach (array('before_validation', "before_$validation_on") as $callback)
+		{
+			if (!$this->invoke_callback($callback,false))
+				return false;
+		}
+
+		$this->errors = $validator->validate();
+
+		foreach (array('after_validation', "after_$validation_on") as $callback)
+			$this->invoke_callback($callback,false);
+
+		if (!$this->errors->is_empty())
+			return false;
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if the model has been modified.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean true if modified
+	 */
+	public function is_dirty()
+	{
+		return empty($this->__dirty) ? false : true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Run validations on model and returns whether or not model passed validation.
+	 *
+	 * @see is_invalid
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_valid()
+	{
+		return $this->_validate();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Runs validations and returns true if invalid.
+	 *
+	 * @see is_valid
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_invalid()
+	{
+		return !$this->_validate();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates a model's timestamps.
+	 */
+	public function set_timestamps()
+	{
+		$now = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+
+		if (isset($this->updated_at))
+			$this->updated_at = $now;
+
+		if (isset($this->created_at) && $this->is_new_record())
+			$this->created_at = $now;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Mass update the model with an array of attribute data and saves to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $attributes An attribute data array in the form array(name => value, ...)
+	 * @return boolean True if successfully updated and saved otherwise false
+	 */
+	public function update_attributes($attributes)
+	{
+		$this->set_attributes($attributes);
+		return $this->save();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates a single attribute and saves the record without going through the normal validation procedure.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name Name of attribute
+	 * @param mixed $value Value of the attribute
+	 * @return boolean True if successful otherwise false
+	 */
+	public function update_attribute($name, $value)
+	{
+		$this->__set($name, $value);
+		return $this->update(false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Mass update the model with data from an attributes hash.
+	 *
+	 * Unlike update_attributes() this method only updates the model's data
+	 * but DOES NOT save it to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @see update_attributes
+	 * @param array $attributes An array containing data to update in the form array(name => value, ...)
+	 */
+	public function set_attributes(array $attributes)
+	{
+		$this->set_attributes_via_mass_assignment($attributes, true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Passing $guard_attributes as true will throw an exception if an attribute does not exist.
+	 *
+	 * @throws ActiveRecord\UndefinedPropertyException
+	 * @param array $attributes An array in the form array(name => value, ...)
+	 * @param boolean $guard_attributes Flag of whether or not attributes should be guarded
+	 */
+	private function set_attributes_via_mass_assignment(array &$attributes, $guard_attributes)
+	{
+		//access uninflected columns since that is what we would have in result set
+		$table = static::table();
+		$exceptions = array();
+		$use_attr_accessible = !empty(static::$attr_accessible);
+		$use_attr_protected = !empty(static::$attr_protected);
+		$connection = static::connection();
+
+		foreach ($attributes as $name => $value)
+		{
+			// is a normal field on the table
+			if (array_key_exists($name,$table->columns))
+			{
+				$value = $table->columns[$name]->cast($value,$connection);
+				$name = $table->columns[$name]->inflected_name;
+			}
+
+			if ($guard_attributes)
+			{
+				if ($use_attr_accessible && !in_array($name,static::$attr_accessible))
+					continue;
+
+				if ($use_attr_protected && in_array($name,static::$attr_protected))
+					continue;
+
+				// set valid table data
+				try {
+					$this->$name = $value;
+				} catch (UndefinedPropertyException $e) {
+					$exceptions[] = $e->getMessage();
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				// ignore OciAdapter's limit() stuff
+				if ($name == 'ar_rnum__')
+					continue;
+
+				// set arbitrary data
+				$this->assign_attribute($name,$value);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!empty($exceptions))
+			throw new UndefinedPropertyException(get_called_class(),$exceptions);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Add a model to the given named ($name) relationship.
+	 *
+	 * @internal This should <strong>only</strong> be used by eager load
+	 * @param Model $model
+	 * @param $name of relationship for this table
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function set_relationship_from_eager_load(Model $model=null, $name)
+	{
+		$table = static::table();
+
+		if (($rel = $table->get_relationship($name)))
+		{
+			if ($rel->is_poly())
+			{
+				// if the related model is null and it is a poly then we should have an empty array
+				if (is_null($model))
+					return $this->__relationships[$name] = array();
+				else
+					return $this->__relationships[$name][] = $model;
+			}
+			else
+				return $this->__relationships[$name] = $model;
+		}
+
+		throw new RelationshipException("Relationship named $name has not been declared for class: {$table->class->getName()}");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Reloads the attributes and relationships of this object from the database.
+	 *
+	 * @return Model
+	 */
+	public function reload()
+	{
+		$this->__relationships = array();
+		$pk = array_values($this->get_values_for($this->get_primary_key()));
+
+		$this->set_attributes($this->find($pk)->attributes);
+		$this->reset_dirty();
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	public function __clone()
+	{
+		$this->__relationships = array();
+		$this->reset_dirty();
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resets the dirty array.
+	 *
+	 * @see dirty_attributes
+	 */
+	public function reset_dirty()
+	{
+		$this->__dirty = null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A list of valid finder options.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	static $VALID_OPTIONS = array('conditions', 'limit', 'offset', 'order', 'select', 'joins', 'include', 'readonly', 'group', 'from', 'having');
+
+	/**
+	 * Enables the use of dynamic finders.
+	 *
+	 * Dynamic finders are just an easy way to do queries quickly without having to
+	 * specify an options array with conditions in it.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * SomeModel::find_by_first_name('Tito');
+	 * SomeModel::find_by_first_name_and_last_name('Tito','the Grief');
+	 * SomeModel::find_by_first_name_or_last_name('Tito','the Grief');
+	 * SomeModel::find_all_by_last_name('Smith');
+	 * SomeModel::count_by_name('Bob')
+	 * SomeModel::count_by_name_or_state('Bob','VA')
+	 * SomeModel::count_by_name_and_state('Bob','VA')
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * You can also create the model if the find call returned no results:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * Person::find_or_create_by_name('Tito');
+	 *
+	 * # would be the equivalent of
+	 * if (!Person::find_by_name('Tito'))
+	 *   Person::create(array('Tito'));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * Some other examples of find_or_create_by:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * Person::find_or_create_by_name_and_id('Tito',1);
+	 * Person::find_or_create_by_name_and_id(array('name' => 'Tito', 'id' => 1));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @param string $method Name of method
+	 * @param mixed $args Method args
+	 * @return Model
+	 * @throws {@link ActiveRecordException} if invalid query
+	 * @see find
+	 */
+	public static function __callStatic($method, $args)
+	{
+		$options = static::extract_and_validate_options($args);
+		$create = false;
+
+		if (substr($method,0,17) == 'find_or_create_by')
+		{
+			$attributes = substr($method,17);
+
+			// can't take any finders with OR in it when doing a find_or_create_by
+			if (strpos($attributes,'_or_') !== false)
+				throw new ActiveRecordException("Cannot use OR'd attributes in find_or_create_by");
+
+			$create = true;
+			$method = 'find_by' . substr($method,17);
+		}
+
+		if (substr($method,0,7) === 'find_by')
+		{
+			$attributes = substr($method,8);
+			$options['conditions'] = SQLBuilder::create_conditions_from_underscored_string(static::table()->conn,$attributes,$args,static::$alias_attribute);
+
+			if (!($ret = static::find('first',$options)) && $create)
+				return static::create(SQLBuilder::create_hash_from_underscored_string($attributes,$args,static::$alias_attribute));
+
+			return $ret;
+		}
+		elseif (substr($method,0,11) === 'find_all_by')
+		{
+			$options['conditions'] = SQLBuilder::create_conditions_from_underscored_string(static::table()->conn,substr($method,12),$args,static::$alias_attribute);
+			return static::find('all',$options);
+		}
+		elseif (substr($method,0,8) === 'count_by')
+		{
+			$options['conditions'] = SQLBuilder::create_conditions_from_underscored_string(static::table()->conn,substr($method,9),$args,static::$alias_attribute);
+			return static::count($options);
+		}
+
+		throw new ActiveRecordException("Call to undefined method: $method");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Enables the use of build|create for associations.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $method Name of method
+	 * @param mixed $args Method args
+	 * @return mixed An instance of a given {@link AbstractRelationship}
+	 */
+	public function __call($method, $args)
+	{
+		//check for build|create_association methods
+		if (preg_match('/(build|create)_/', $method))
+		{
+			if (!empty($args))
+				$args = $args[0];
+
+			$association_name = str_replace(array('build_', 'create_'), '', $method);
+
+			if (($association = static::table()->get_relationship($association_name)))
+			{
+				//access association to ensure that the relationship has been loaded
+				//so that we do not double-up on records if we append a newly created
+				$this->$association_name;
+				$method = str_replace($association_name,'association', $method);
+				return $association->$method($this, $args);
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new ActiveRecordException("Call to undefined method: $method");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Alias for self::find('all').
+	 *
+	 * @see find
+	 * @return array array of records found
+	 */
+	public static function all(/* ... */)
+	{
+		return call_user_func_array('static::find',array_merge(array('all'),func_get_args()));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get a count of qualifying records.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * YourModel::count(array('conditions' => 'amount > 3.14159265'));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @see find
+	 * @return int Number of records that matched the query
+	 */
+	public static function count(/* ... */)
+	{
+		$args = func_get_args();
+		$options = static::extract_and_validate_options($args);
+		$options['select'] = 'COUNT(*)';
+
+		if (!empty($args))
+		{
+			if (is_hash($args[0]))
+				$options['conditions'] = $args[0];
+			else
+				$options['conditions'] = call_user_func_array('static::pk_conditions',$args);
+		}
+
+		$table = static::table();
+		$sql = $table->options_to_sql($options);
+		$values = $sql->get_where_values();
+		return $table->conn->query_and_fetch_one($sql->to_s(),$values);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine if a record exists.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * SomeModel::exists(123);
+	 * SomeModel::exists(array('conditions' => array('id=? and name=?', 123, 'Tito')));
+	 * SomeModel::exists(array('id' => 123, 'name' => 'Tito'));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @see find
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public static function exists(/* ... */)
+	{
+		return call_user_func_array('static::count',func_get_args()) > 0 ? true : false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Alias for self::find('first').
+	 *
+	 * @see find
+	 * @return Model The first matched record or null if not found
+	 */
+	public static function first(/* ... */)
+	{
+		return call_user_func_array('static::find',array_merge(array('first'),func_get_args()));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Alias for self::find('last')
+	 *
+	 * @see find
+	 * @return Model The last matched record or null if not found
+	 */
+	public static function last(/* ... */)
+	{
+		return call_user_func_array('static::find',array_merge(array('last'),func_get_args()));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Find records in the database.
+	 *
+	 * Finding by the primary key:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * # queries for the model with id=123
+	 * YourModel::find(123);
+	 *
+	 * # queries for model with id in(1,2,3)
+	 * YourModel::find(1,2,3);
+	 *
+	 * # finding by pk accepts an options array
+	 * YourModel::find(123,array('order' => 'name desc'));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * Finding by using a conditions array:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * YourModel::find('first', array('conditions' => array('name=?','Tito'),
+	 *   'order' => 'name asc'))
+	 * YourModel::find('all', array('conditions' => 'amount > 3.14159265'));
+	 * YourModel::find('all', array('conditions' => array('id in(?)', array(1,2,3))));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * Finding by using a hash:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * YourModel::find(array('name' => 'Tito', 'id' => 1));
+	 * YourModel::find('first',array('name' => 'Tito', 'id' => 1));
+	 * YourModel::find('all',array('name' => 'Tito', 'id' => 1));
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * An options array can take the following parameters:
+	 *
+	 * <ul>
+	 * <li><b>select:</b> A SQL fragment for what fields to return such as: '*', 'people.*', 'first_name, last_name, id'</li>
+	 * <li><b>joins:</b> A SQL join fragment such as: 'JOIN roles ON(roles.user_id=user.id)' or a named association on the model</li>
+	 * <li><b>include:</b> TODO not implemented yet</li>
+	 * <li><b>conditions:</b> A SQL fragment such as: 'id=1', array('id=1'), array('name=? and id=?','Tito',1), array('name IN(?)', array('Tito','Bob')),
+	 * array('name' => 'Tito', 'id' => 1)</li>
+	 * <li><b>limit:</b> Number of records to limit the query to</li>
+	 * <li><b>offset:</b> The row offset to return results from for the query</li>
+	 * <li><b>order:</b> A SQL fragment for order such as: 'name asc', 'name asc, id desc'</li>
+	 * <li><b>readonly:</b> Return all the models in readonly mode</li>
+	 * <li><b>group:</b> A SQL group by fragment</li>
+	 * </ul>
+	 *
+	 * @throws {@link RecordNotFound} if no options are passed or finding by pk and no records matched
+	 * @return mixed An array of records found if doing a find_all otherwise a
+	 *   single Model object or null if it wasn't found. NULL is only return when
+	 *   doing a first/last find. If doing an all find and no records matched this
+	 *   will return an empty array.
+	 */
+	public static function find(/* $type, $options */)
+	{
+		$class = get_called_class();
+
+		if (func_num_args() <= 0)
+			throw new RecordNotFound("Couldn't find $class without an ID");
+
+		$args = func_get_args();
+		$options = static::extract_and_validate_options($args);
+		$num_args = count($args);
+		$single = true;
+
+		if ($num_args > 0 && ($args[0] === 'all' || $args[0] === 'first' || $args[0] === 'last'))
+		{
+			switch ($args[0])
+			{
+				case 'all':
+					$single = false;
+					break;
+
+			 	case 'last':
+					if (!array_key_exists('order',$options))
+						$options['order'] = join(' DESC, ',static::table()->pk) . ' DESC';
+					else
+						$options['order'] = SQLBuilder::reverse_order($options['order']);
+
+					// fall thru
+
+			 	case 'first':
+			 		$options['limit'] = 1;
+			 		$options['offset'] = 0;
+			 		break;
+			}
+
+			$args = array_slice($args,1);
+			$num_args--;
+		}
+		//find by pk
+		elseif (1 === count($args) && 1 == $num_args)
+			$args = $args[0];
+
+		// anything left in $args is a find by pk
+		if ($num_args > 0 && !isset($options['conditions']))
+			return static::find_by_pk($args, $options);
+
+		$options['mapped_names'] = static::$alias_attribute;
+		$list = static::table()->find($options);
+
+		return $single ? (!empty($list) ? $list[0] : null) : $list;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Finder method which will find by a single or array of primary keys for this model.
+	 *
+	 * @see find
+	 * @param array $values An array containing values for the pk
+	 * @param array $options An options array
+	 * @return Model
+	 * @throws {@link RecordNotFound} if a record could not be found
+	 */
+	public static function find_by_pk($values, $options)
+	{
+		$options['conditions'] = static::pk_conditions($values);
+		$list = static::table()->find($options);
+		$results = count($list);
+
+		if ($results != ($expected = count($values)))
+		{
+			$class = get_called_class();
+
+			if ($expected == 1)
+			{
+				if (!is_array($values))
+					$values = array($values);
+
+				throw new RecordNotFound("Couldn't find $class with ID=" . join(',',$values));
+			}
+
+			$values = join(',',$values);
+			throw new RecordNotFound("Couldn't find all $class with IDs ($values) (found $results, but was looking for $expected)");
+		}
+		return $expected == 1 ? $list[0] : $list;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Find using a raw SELECT query.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * YourModel::find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM people WHERE name=?",array('Tito'));
+	 * YourModel::find_by_sql("SELECT * FROM people WHERE name='Tito'");
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @param string $sql The raw SELECT query
+	 * @param array $values An array of values for any parameters that needs to be bound
+	 * @return array An array of models
+	 */
+	public static function find_by_sql($sql, $values=null)
+	{
+		return static::table()->find_by_sql($sql, $values, true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines if the specified array is a valid ActiveRecord options array.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $array An options array
+	 * @param bool $throw True to throw an exception if not valid
+	 * @return boolean True if valid otherwise valse
+	 * @throws {@link ActiveRecordException} if the array contained any invalid options
+	 */
+	public static function is_options_hash($array, $throw=true)
+	{
+		if (is_hash($array))
+		{
+			$keys = array_keys($array);
+			$diff = array_diff($keys,self::$VALID_OPTIONS);
+
+			if (!empty($diff) && $throw)
+				throw new ActiveRecordException("Unknown key(s): " . join(', ',$diff));
+
+			$intersect = array_intersect($keys,self::$VALID_OPTIONS);
+
+			if (!empty($intersect))
+				return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a hash containing the names => values of the primary key.
+	 *
+	 * @internal This needs to eventually support composite keys.
+	 * @param mixed $args Primary key value(s)
+	 * @return array An array in the form array(name => value, ...)
+	 */
+	public static function pk_conditions($args)
+	{
+		$table = static::table();
+		$ret = array($table->pk[0] => $args);
+		return $ret;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Pulls out the options hash from $array if any.
+	 *
+	 * @internal DO NOT remove the reference on $array.
+	 * @param array &$array An array
+	 * @return array A valid options array
+	 */
+	public static function extract_and_validate_options(array &$array)
+	{
+		$options = array();
+
+		if ($array)
+		{
+			$last = &$array[count($array)-1];
+
+			try
+			{
+				if (self::is_options_hash($last))
+				{
+					array_pop($array);
+					$options = $last;
+				}
+			}
+			catch (ActiveRecordException $e)
+			{
+				if (!is_hash($last))
+					throw $e;
+
+				$options = array('conditions' => $last);
+			}
+		}
+		return $options;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a JSON representation of this model.
+	 *
+	 * @see Serialization
+	 * @param array $options An array containing options for json serialization (see {@link Serialization} for valid options)
+	 * @return string JSON representation of the model
+	 */
+	public function to_json(array $options=array())
+	{
+		return $this->serialize('Json', $options);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns an XML representation of this model.
+	 *
+	 * @see Serialization
+	 * @param array $options An array containing options for xml serialization (see {@link Serialization} for valid options)
+	 * @return string XML representation of the model
+	 */
+	public function to_xml(array $options=array())
+	{
+		return $this->serialize('Xml', $options);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a serializer based on pre-defined to_serializer()
+	 *
+	 * An options array can take the following parameters:
+	 *
+	 * <ul>
+	 * <li><b>only:</b> a string or array of attributes to be included.</li>
+	 * <li><b>excluded:</b> a string or array of attributes to be excluded.</li>
+	 * <li><b>methods:</b> a string or array of methods to invoke. The method's name will be used as a key for the final attributes array
+	 * along with the method's returned value</li>
+	 * <li><b>include:</b> a string or array of associated models to include in the final serialized product.</li>
+	 * </ul>
+	 *
+	 * @param string $type Either Xml or Json
+	 * @param array $options Options array for the serializer
+	 * @return string Serialized representation of the model
+	 */
+	private function serialize($type, $options)
+	{
+		require_once 'Serialization.php';
+		$class = "ActiveRecord\\{$type}Serializer";
+		$serializer = new $class($this, $options);
+		return $serializer->to_s();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Invokes the specified callback on this model.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $method_name Name of the call back to run.
+	 * @param boolean $must_exist Set to true to raise an exception if the callback does not exist.
+	 * @return boolean True if invoked or null if not
+	 */
+	private function invoke_callback($method_name, $must_exist=true)
+	{
+		return static::table()->callback->invoke($this,$method_name,$must_exist);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Executes a block of code inside a database transaction.
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * YourModel::transaction(function()
+	 * {
+	 *   YourModel::create(array("name" => "blah"));
+	 * });
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * If an exception is thrown inside the closure the transaction will
+	 * automatically be rolled back. You can also return false from your
+	 * closure to cause a rollback:
+	 *
+	 * <code>
+	 * YourModel::transaction(function()
+	 * {
+	 *   YourModel::create(array("name" => "blah"));
+	 *   throw new Exception("rollback!");
+	 * });
+	 *
+	 * YourModel::transaction(function()
+	 * {
+	 *   YourModel::create(array("name" => "blah"));
+	 *   return false; # rollback!
+	 * });
+	 * </code>
+	 *
+	 * @param Closure $closure The closure to execute. To cause a rollback have your closure return false or throw an exception.
+	 * @return boolean True if the transaction was committed, False if rolled back.
+	 */
+	public static function transaction($closure)
+	{
+		$connection = static::connection();
+
+		try
+		{
+			$connection->transaction();
+
+			if ($closure() === false)
+			{
+				$connection->rollback();
+				return false;
+			}
+			else
+				$connection->commit();
+		}
+		catch (\Exception $e)
+		{
+			$connection->rollback();
+			throw $e;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+};
+?>