msgpack 1.3.3 → 1.6.0

data/spec/unpacker_spec.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# encoding: ascii-8bit
-
 require 'stringio'
 require 'tempfile'
 require 'zlib'
@@ -18,13 +16,35 @@ describe MessagePack::Unpacker do
   it 'gets options to specify how to unpack values' do
     u1 = MessagePack::Unpacker.new
     u1.symbolize_keys?.should == false
+    u1.freeze?.should == false
     u1.allow_unknown_ext?.should == false
 
-    u2 = MessagePack::Unpacker.new(symbolize_keys: true, allow_unknown_ext: true)
+    u2 = MessagePack::Unpacker.new(symbolize_keys: true, freeze: true, allow_unknown_ext: true)
     u2.symbolize_keys?.should == true
+    u2.freeze?.should == true
     u2.allow_unknown_ext?.should == true
   end
 
+  if automatic_string_keys_deduplication?
+    it 'ensure string hash keys are deduplicated' do
+      sample_data = [{"foo" => 1}, {"foo" => 2}]
+      sample_packed = MessagePack.pack(sample_data).force_encoding('ASCII-8BIT')
+      unpacker.feed(sample_packed)
+      hashes = nil
+      unpacker.each { |obj| hashes = obj }
+      expect(hashes[0].keys.first).to equal(hashes[1].keys.first)
+    end
+
+    it 'ensure strings are not deduplicated' do
+      sample_data = ["foo"]
+      sample_packed = MessagePack.pack(sample_data).force_encoding('ASCII-8BIT')
+      unpacker.feed(sample_packed)
+      ary = nil
+      unpacker.each { |obj| ary = obj }
+      expect(ary.first.frozen?).to eq(false)
+    end
+  end
+
   it 'gets IO or object which has #read to read data from it' do
     sample_data = {"message" => "morning!", "num" => 1}
     sample_packed = MessagePack.pack(sample_data).force_encoding('ASCII-8BIT')
@@ -280,6 +300,21 @@ describe MessagePack::Unpacker do
     MessagePack.unpack(MessagePack.pack(symbolized_hash), :symbolize_keys => true).should == symbolized_hash
   end
 
+  it 'MessagePack.unpack symbolize_keys preserve encoding' do
+    hash = { :ascii => 1, :utf8_é => 2}
+    loaded_hash = MessagePack.load(MessagePack.pack(hash), :symbolize_keys => true)
+
+    hash.keys[0].encoding.should == Encoding::US_ASCII # Ruby coerce symbols to US-ASCII when possible.
+    loaded_hash.keys[0].should == hash.keys[0]
+    loaded_hash.keys[0].encoding.should == hash.keys[0].encoding
+
+    hash.keys[1].encoding.should == Encoding::UTF_8
+    loaded_hash.keys[1].should == hash.keys[1]
+    loaded_hash.keys[1].encoding.should == hash.keys[1].encoding
+
+    MessagePack.unpack(MessagePack.pack(hash), :symbolize_keys => true).should == hash
+  end
+
   it 'Unpacker#unpack symbolize_keys' do
     unpacker = MessagePack::Unpacker.new(:symbolize_keys => true)
     symbolized_hash = {:a => 'b', :c => 'd'}
@@ -621,6 +656,24 @@ describe MessagePack::Unpacker do
       array = ['foo'] * 10_000
       MessagePack.unpack(MessagePack.pack(array)).size.should == 10_000
     end
+
+    it 'preserves string encoding (issue #200)' do
+      string = 'a'.force_encoding(Encoding::UTF_8)
+      MessagePack.unpack(MessagePack.pack(string)).encoding.should == string.encoding
+
+      string *= 256
+      MessagePack.unpack(MessagePack.pack(string)).encoding.should == string.encoding
+    end
+
+    it 'returns correct size for array16 (issue #127)' do
+      unpacker.feed("\xdc\x00\x01\x01")
+      unpacker.read_array_header.should == 1
+    end
+
+    it 'returns correct size for map16 (issue #127)' do
+      unpacker.feed("\xde\x00\x02\x01\x02\x03\x04")
+      unpacker.read_map_header.should == 2
+    end
   end
 
   context 'extensions' do
@@ -651,9 +704,109 @@ describe MessagePack::Unpacker do
       end
     end
 
+    context 'freeze' do
+      let :struct do
+        {'hello' => 'world', 'nested' => ['object', {'structure' => true}]}
+      end
+
+      let :buffer do
+        MessagePack.pack(struct)
+      end
+
+      let :unpacker do
+        described_class.new(:freeze => true)
+      end
+
+      if (-"test").equal?(-"test") # RUBY_VERSION >= "2.5"
+        it 'dedups strings' do
+          interned_str = -"test"
+          roundtrip = MessagePack.unpack(MessagePack.pack(interned_str), freeze: true)
+          expect(roundtrip).to be interned_str
+
+          interned_str = -""
+          roundtrip = MessagePack.unpack(MessagePack.pack(interned_str), freeze: true)
+          expect(roundtrip).to be interned_str
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'can freeze objects when using .unpack' do
+        parsed_struct = MessagePack.unpack(buffer, freeze: true)
+        parsed_struct.should == struct
+
+        parsed_struct.should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['hello'].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'][0].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'][1].should be_frozen
+
+        if string_deduplication?
+          parsed_struct.keys[0].should be_equal('hello'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.keys[1].should be_equal('nested'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[0].should be_equal('world'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[1][0].should be_equal('object'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[1][1].keys[0].should be_equal('structure'.freeze)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'can freeze objects when using #each' do
+        objs = []
+        unpacker.feed(buffer)
+        unpacker.each do |obj|
+          objs << obj
+        end
+
+        parsed_struct = objs.first
+        parsed_struct.should == struct
+
+        parsed_struct.should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['hello'].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'][0].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'][1].should be_frozen
+
+        if string_deduplication?
+          parsed_struct.keys[0].should be_equal('hello'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.keys[1].should be_equal('nested'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[0].should be_equal('world'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[1][0].should be_equal('object'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[1][1].keys[0].should be_equal('structure'.freeze)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'can freeze objects when using #feed_each' do
+        objs = []
+        unpacker.feed_each(buffer) do |obj|
+          objs << obj
+        end
+
+        parsed_struct = objs.first
+        parsed_struct.should == struct
+
+        parsed_struct.should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['hello'].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'][0].should be_frozen
+        parsed_struct['nested'][1].should be_frozen
+
+        if string_deduplication?
+          parsed_struct.keys[0].should be_equal('hello'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.keys[1].should be_equal('nested'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[0].should be_equal('world'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[1][0].should be_equal('object'.freeze)
+          parsed_struct.values[1][1].keys[0].should be_equal('structure'.freeze)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     context 'binary encoding', :encodings do
       let :buffer do
-        MessagePack.pack({'hello' => 'world', 'nested' => ['object', {'structure' => true}]})
+        MessagePack.pack({
+          'hello'.b => 'world'.b,
+          'nested'.b => [
+            'object'.b,
+            {'structure'.b => true},
+          ]
+        })
       end
 
       let :unpacker do

metadata

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
 name: msgpack
 version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-  version: 1.3.3
+  version: 1.6.0
 platform: ruby
 authors:
 - Sadayuki Furuhashi
 - Theo Hultberg
 - Satoshi Tagomori
-autorequire: 
+autorequire:
 bindir: bin
 cert_chain: []
-date: 2020-02-05 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+date: 2022-09-30 00:00:00.000000000 Z
 dependencies:
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: bundler
@@ -44,30 +44,16 @@ dependencies:
   name: rake-compiler
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.0'
-  type: :development
-  prerelease: false
-  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    requirements:
-    - - "~>"
-      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.0'
-- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
-  name: rake-compiler-dock
-  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
-    requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.0'
+        version: 1.1.9
   type: :development
   prerelease: false
   version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
     requirements:
-    - - "~>"
+    - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-        version: '1.0'
+        version: 1.1.9
 - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
   name: rspec
   requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
@@ -110,6 +96,20 @@ dependencies:
     - - ">="
       - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
         version: '0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: benchmark-ips
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 2.10.0
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 2.10.0
 description: MessagePack is a binary-based efficient object serialization library.
   It enables to exchange structured objects between many languages like JSON. But
   unlike JSON, it is very fast and small.
@@ -122,25 +122,17 @@ extensions:
 - ext/msgpack/extconf.rb
 extra_rdoc_files: []
 files:
+- ".github/workflows/ci.yaml"
 - ".gitignore"
 - ".rubocop.yml"
-- ".travis.yml"
 - ChangeLog
 - Gemfile
 - LICENSE
-- README.rdoc
+- README.md
 - Rakefile
 - appveyor.yml
-- bench/pack.rb
-- bench/pack_log.rb
-- bench/pack_log_long.rb
-- bench/pack_symbols.rb
-- bench/run.sh
-- bench/run_long.sh
-- bench/run_symbols.sh
-- bench/unpack.rb
-- bench/unpack_log.rb
-- bench/unpack_log_long.rb
+- bench/bench.rb
+- bin/console
 - doclib/msgpack.rb
 - doclib/msgpack/buffer.rb
 - doclib/msgpack/core_ext.rb
@@ -190,6 +182,7 @@ files:
 - ext/msgpack/unpacker_ext_registry.c
 - ext/msgpack/unpacker_ext_registry.h
 - lib/msgpack.rb
+- lib/msgpack/bigint.rb
 - lib/msgpack/core_ext.rb
 - lib/msgpack/factory.rb
 - lib/msgpack/packer.rb
@@ -200,6 +193,7 @@ files:
 - lib/msgpack/version.rb
 - msgpack.gemspec
 - msgpack.org.md
+- spec/bigint_spec.rb
 - spec/cases.json
 - spec/cases.msg
 - spec/cases_compact.msg
@@ -228,7 +222,7 @@ homepage: http://msgpack.org/
 licenses:
 - Apache 2.0
 metadata: {}
-post_install_message: 
+post_install_message:
 rdoc_options: []
 require_paths:
 - lib
@@ -236,7 +230,7 @@ required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
     - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
-      version: '0'
+      version: '2.4'
 required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
   requirements:
   - - ">="
@@ -244,31 +238,7 @@ required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
       version: '0'
 requirements: []
 rubygems_version: 3.1.2
-signing_key: 
+signing_key:
 specification_version: 4
 summary: MessagePack, a binary-based efficient data interchange format.
-test_files:
-- spec/cases.json
-- spec/cases.msg
-- spec/cases_compact.msg
-- spec/cases_spec.rb
-- spec/cruby/buffer_io_spec.rb
-- spec/cruby/buffer_packer.rb
-- spec/cruby/buffer_spec.rb
-- spec/cruby/buffer_unpacker.rb
-- spec/cruby/unpacker_spec.rb
-- spec/ext_value_spec.rb
-- spec/exttypes.rb
-- spec/factory_spec.rb
-- spec/format_spec.rb
-- spec/jruby/benchmarks/shootout_bm.rb
-- spec/jruby/benchmarks/symbolize_keys_bm.rb
-- spec/jruby/unpacker_spec.rb
-- spec/msgpack_spec.rb
-- spec/pack_spec.rb
-- spec/packer_spec.rb
-- spec/random_compat.rb
-- spec/spec_helper.rb
-- spec/timestamp_spec.rb
-- spec/unpack_spec.rb
-- spec/unpacker_spec.rb
+test_files: []

data/.travis.yml

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-language: ruby
-
-sudo: false
-
-branches:
-  only:
-    - master
-
-gemfile:
-  - Gemfile
-
-before_install:
-  # This is only for Ruby 2.5.0, Bundler 1.16.1 and rubygems 2.7.3
-  # See https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/8969
-  - "[ \"x2.7.3\" = \"x\"$(gem --version) ] && gem update --system --no-document || echo \"no need to update rubygem\""
-
-# http://rubies.travis-ci.org/
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - rvm: 2.3.8
-      os: linux
-    - rvm: 2.4.5
-      os: linux
-    - rvm: 2.5.3
-      os: linux
-    - rvm: 2.6.1
-      os: linux
-    - rvm: 2.6.1
-      os: osx
-    - rvm: ruby-head
-      os: linux
-    - rvm: jruby-9.1.9.0
-      os: linux
-    - rvm: jruby-head
-      os: linux
-    - rvm: jruby-19mode
-      os: linux
-  allow_failures:
-    - rvm: 2.6.1
-      os: osx
-    - rvm: ruby-head
-    - rvm: jruby-head
-    - rvm: jruby-19mode

data/README.rdoc

@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-
-= MessagePack
-
-MessagePack[http://msgpack.org] is an efficient binary serialization format.
-It lets you exchange data among multiple languages like JSON but it's faster and smaller.
-For example, small integers (like flags or error code) are encoded into a single byte,
-and typical short strings only require an extra byte in addition to the strings themselves.
-
-If you ever wished to use JSON for convenience (storing an image with metadata) but could
-not for technical reasons (binary data, size, speed...), MessagePack is a perfect replacement.
-
-    require 'msgpack'
-    msg = [1,2,3].to_msgpack  #=> "\x93\x01\x02\x03"
-    MessagePack.unpack(msg)   #=> [1,2,3]
-
-Use RubyGems to install:
-
-    gem install msgpack
-
-or build msgpack-ruby and install:
-
-    bundle
-    rake
-    gem install --local pkg/msgpack
-
-
-= Use cases
-
-* Create REST API returing MessagePack using Rails + [RABL](https://github.com/nesquena/rabl)
-* Store objects efficiently serialized by msgpack on memcached or Redis
-  * In fact Redis supports msgpack in EVAL-scripts[http://redis.io/commands/eval]
-* Upload data in efficient format from mobile devices such as smartphones
-  * MessagePack works on iPhone/iPad and Android. See also Objective-C[https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-objectivec] and Java[https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-java] implementations
-* Design a portable protocol to communicate with embedded devices
-  * Check also Fluentd[http://fluentd.org/] which is a log collector which uses msgpack for the log format (they say it uses JSON but actually it's msgpack, which is compatible with JSON)
-* Exchange objects between software components written in different languages
-  * You'll need a flexible but efficient format so that components exchange objects while keeping compatibility
-
-= Portability
-
-MessagePack for Ruby should run on x86, ARM, PowerPC, SPARC and other CPU architectures.
-
-And it works with MRI (CRuby) and Rubinius.
-Patches to improve portability is highly welcomed.
-
-
-= Serializing objects
-
-Use *MessagePack.pack* or *to_msgpack*:
-
-    require 'msgpack'
-    msg = MessagePack.pack(obj)  # or
-    msg = obj.to_msgpack
-
-== Streaming serialization
-
-Packer provides advanced API to serialize objects in streaming style:
-
-    # serialize a 2-element array [e1, e2]
-    pk = MessagePack::Packer.new(io)
-    pk.write_array_header(2).write(e1).write(e2).flush
-
-See {API reference}[http://ruby.msgpack.org/MessagePack/Packer.html] for details.
-
-= Deserializing objects
-
-Use *MessagePack.unpack*:
-
-    require 'msgpack'
-    obj = MessagePack.unpack(msg)
-
-== Streaming deserialization
-
-Unpacker provides advanced API to deserialize objects in streaming style:
-
-    # deserialize objects from an IO
-    u = MessagePack::Unpacker.new(io)
-    u.each do |obj|
-      # ...
-    end
-
-or event-driven style which works well with EventMachine:
-
-    # event-driven deserialization
-    def on_read(data)
-      @u ||= MessagePack::Unpacker.new
-      @u.feed_each(data) {|obj|
-         # ...
-      }
-    end
-
-See {API reference}[http://ruby.msgpack.org/MessagePack/Unpacker.html] for details.
-
-= Serializing and deserializing symbols
-
-By default, symbols are serialized as strings:
-
-    packed = :symbol.to_msgpack     # => "\xA6symbol"
-    MessagePack.unpack(packed)      # => "symbol"
-
-This can be customized by registering an extension type for them:
-
-    MessagePack::DefaultFactory.register_type(0x00, Symbol)
-
-    # symbols now survive round trips
-    packed = :symbol.to_msgpack     # => "\xc7\x06\x00symbol"
-    MessagePack.unpack(packed)      # => :symbol
-
-The extension type for symbols is configurable like any other extension type.
-For example, to customize how symbols are packed you can just redefine
-Symbol#to_msgpack_ext. Doing this gives you an option to prevent symbols from
-being serialized altogether by throwing an exception:
-
-    class Symbol
-        def to_msgpack_ext
-            raise "Serialization of symbols prohibited"
-        end
-    end
-
-    MessagePack::DefaultFactory.register_type(0x00, Symbol)
-
-    [1, :symbol, 'string'].to_msgpack  # => RuntimeError: Serialization of symbols prohibited
-
-= Serializing and deserializing Time instances
-
-There are the timestamp extension type in MessagePack,
-but it is not registered by default.
-
-To map Ruby's Time to MessagePack's timestamp for the default factory:
-
-    MessagePack::DefaultFactory.register_type(
-      MessagePack::Timestamp::TYPE, # or just -1
-      Time,
-      packer: MessagePack::Time::Packer,
-      unpacker: MessagePack::Time::Unpacker
-    )
-
-See {API reference}[http://ruby.msgpack.org/] for details.
-
-= Extension Types
-
-Packer and Unpacker support {Extension types of MessagePack}[https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md#types-extension-type].
-
-    # register how to serialize custom class at first
-    pk = MessagePack::Packer.new(io)
-    pk.register_type(0x01, MyClass1, :to_msgpack_ext) # equal to pk.register_type(0x01, MyClass)
-    pk.register_type(0x02, MyClass2){|obj| obj.how_to_serialize() } # blocks also available
-    
-    # almost same API for unpacker
-    uk = MessagePack::Unpacker.new()
-    uk.register_type(0x01, MyClass1, :from_msgpack_ext)
-    uk.register_type(0x02){|data| MyClass2.create_from_serialized_data(data) }
-
-MessagePack::Factory is to create packer and unpacker which have same extension types.
-
-    factory = MessagePack::Factory.new
-    factory.register_type(0x01, MyClass1) # same with next line
-    factory.register_type(0x01, MyClass1, packer: :to_msgpack_ext, unpacker: :from_msgpack_ext)
-    pk = factory.packer(options_for_packer)
-    uk = factory.unpacker(options_for_unpacker)
-
-For *MessagePack.pack* and *MessagePack.unpack*, default packer/unpacker refer *MessagePack::DefaultFactory*. Call *MessagePack::DefaultFactory.register_type* to enable types process globally.
-
-    MessagePack::DefaultFactory.register_type(0x03, MyClass3)
-    MessagePack.unpack(data_with_ext_typeid_03) #=> MyClass3 instance
-
-= Buffer API
-
-MessagePack for Ruby provides a buffer API so that you can read or write data by hand, not via Packer or Unpacker API.
-
-This {MessagePack::Buffer}[http://ruby.msgpack.org/MessagePack/Buffer.html] is backed with a fixed-length shared memory pool which is very fast for small data (<= 4KB),
-and has zero-copy capability which significantly affects performance to handle large binary data.
-
-= How to build and run tests
-
-Before building msgpack, you need to install bundler and dependencies.
-
-    gem install bundler
-    bundle install
-
-Then, you can run the tasks as follows:
-
-* Build
-
-    bundle exec rake build
-
-* Run tests
-
-    bundle exec rake spec
-
-* Generating docs
-
-    bundle exec rake doc
-
-== How to build -java rubygems
-
-To build -java gems for JRuby, run:
-
-    rake build:java
-
-If this directory has Gemfile.lock (generated with MRI), remove it beforehand.
-
-== How to build -mingw32 rubygems
-
-MessagePack mingw32/64 rubygems build process uses {rake-compiler-dock}[https://github.com/rake-compiler/rake-compiler-dock]. Run:
-
-    rake build:windows
-
-Once this step successes, target gems exist in pkg/msgpack-*-{x86,x64}-mingw32.gem.
-
-== Updating documents
-
-Online documents (http://ruby.msgpack.org) is generated from gh-pages branch.
-Following commands update documents in gh-pages branch:
-
-    bundle exec rake doc
-    git checkout gh-pages
-    cp doc/* ./ -a
-
-= Copyright
-
-Author::    Sadayuki Furuhashi <frsyuki@gmail.com>
-Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2008-2015 Sadayuki Furuhashi
-License::   Apache License, Version 2.0
-

data/bench/pack.rb

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-require 'viiite'
-require 'msgpack'
-
-data = { 'hello' => 'world', 'nested' => ['structure', {value: 42}] }
-data_sym = { hello: 'world', nested: ['structure', {value: 42}] }
-
-data = MessagePack.pack(:hello => 'world', :nested => ['structure', {:value => 42}])
-
-Viiite.bench do |b|
-  b.range_over([10_000, 100_000, 1000_000], :runs) do |runs|
-    b.report(:strings) do
-      runs.times do
-        MessagePack.pack(data)
-      end
-    end
-
-    b.report(:symbols) do
-      runs.times do
-        MessagePack.pack(data_sym)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end

data/bench/pack_log.rb

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-require 'viiite'
-require 'msgpack'
-
-data_plain = { 'message' => '127.0.0.1 - - [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326 "http://www.example.com/start.html" "Mozilla/4.08 [en] (Win98; I ;Nav)"' }
-data_structure = {
-  'remote_host' => '127.0.0.1',
-  'remote_user' => '-',
-  'date' => '10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700',
-  'request' => 'GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0',
-  'method' => 'GET',
-  'path' => '/apache_pb.gif',
-  'protocol' => 'HTTP/1.0',
-  'status' => 200,
-  'bytes' => 2326,
-  'referer' => 'http://www.example.com/start.html',
-  'agent' => 'Mozilla/4.08 [en] (Win98; I ;Nav)',
-}
-
-Viiite.bench do |b|
-  b.range_over([10_000, 100_000, 1000_000], :runs) do |runs|
-    b.report(:plain) do
-      runs.times do
-        MessagePack.pack(data_plain)
-      end
-    end
-
-    b.report(:structure) do
-      runs.times do
-        MessagePack.pack(data_structure)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end