moxml 0.1.0 → 0.1.2

data/README.adoc

@@ -1,770 +1,577 @@
-= Moxml: Modular XML processing for Ruby
+= Moxml: Modern XML processing for Ruby
+:toc: macro
+:toclevels: 3
+:toc-title: Contents
+:source-highlighter: highlight.js
 
-Moxml provides a unified API for XML processing in Ruby, supporting multiple XML parsing backends (Nokogiri, Ox, and Oga).
+image:https://github.com/lutaml/moxml/workflows/rake/badge.svg["Build Status", link="https://github.com/lutaml/moxml/actions?workflow=rake"]
 
-Moxml ("mox-em-el") stands for "Modular XML" and aims to provide a consistent
-interface for working with XML documents, regardless of the underlying XML
-library.
+toc::[]
 
-== Installation
+== Introduction and purpose
 
-[source,ruby]
-----
-gem 'moxml'
-----
+Moxml provides a unified, modern XML processing interface for Ruby applications.
+It offers a consistent API that abstracts away the underlying XML implementation
+details while maintaining high performance through efficient node mapping and
+native XPath querying.
+
+Key features:
 
-== Basic usage
+* Intuitive, Ruby-idiomatic API for XML manipulation
+* Consistent interface across different XML libraries
+* Efficient node mapping for XPath queries
+* Support for all XML node types and features
+* Easy switching between XML processing engines
+* Clean separation between interface and implementation
 
-=== Configuration
+== Getting started
 
-Configure Moxml to use your preferred XML backend:
+Install the gem and at least one supported XML library:
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-require 'moxml'
-
-Moxml.configure do |config|
-  config.backend = :nokogiri  # or :ox, :oga
-end
+# In your Gemfile
+gem 'moxml'
+gem 'nokogiri'  # Or 'ox' or 'oga'
 ----
 
-=== Creating and parsing documents
+=== Basic document creation
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Create new empty document
-doc = Moxml::Document.new
-
-# Parse from string
-doc = Moxml::Document.parse("<root><child>content</child></root>")
+require 'moxml'
 
-# Parse with encoding
-doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string, encoding: 'UTF-8')
-----
+# Create a new XML document
+doc = Moxml.new.create_document
 
-=== Document creation patterns
+# Add XML declaration
+doc.add_declaration(version: "1.0", encoding: "UTF-8")
 
-[source,ruby]
-----
-# Method 1: Create and build
-doc = Moxml::Document.new
-root = doc.create_element('root')
+# Create root element with namespace
+root = doc.create_element('book')
+root.add_namespace('dc', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')
 doc.add_child(root)
 
-# Method 2: Parse from string
-doc = Moxml::Document.parse("<root/>")
-
-# Method 3: Parse with encoding
-doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string, encoding: 'UTF-8')
+# Add content
+title = doc.create_element('dc:title')
+title.text = 'XML Processing with Ruby'
+root.add_child(title)
 
-# Method 4: Parse with options
-doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string, {
-  encoding: 'UTF-8',
-  strict: true
-})
+# Output formatted XML
+puts doc.to_xml(indent: 2)
 ----
 
-=== Common XML patterns
+== Working with documents
 
-[source,ruby]
-----
-# Working with namespaces
-doc = Moxml::Document.new
-root = doc.create_element('root')
-root['xmlns:custom'] = 'http://example.com/ns'
-child = doc.create_element('custom:element')
-root.add_child(child)
-
-# Creating structured data
-person = doc.create_element('person')
-person['id'] = '123'
-name = doc.create_element('name')
-name.add_child(doc.create_text('John Doe'))
-person.add_child(name)
-
-# Working with attributes
-element = doc.create_element('div')
-element['class'] = 'container'
-element['data-id'] = '123'
-element['style'] = 'color: blue'
-
-# Handling special characters
-text = doc.create_text('Special chars: < > & " \'')
-cdata = doc.create_cdata('<script>alert("Hello!");</script>')
-
-# Processing instructions
-pi = doc.create_processing_instruction('xml-stylesheet',
-  'type="text/xsl" href="style.xsl"')
-doc.add_child(pi)
-----
+=== Using the builder pattern
 
-=== Working with elements
+The builder pattern provides a clean DSL for creating XML documents:
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Create new element
-element = Moxml::Element.new('tagname')
-
-# Add attributes
-element['class'] = 'content'
-
-# Access attributes
-class_attr = element['class']
-
-# Add child elements
-child = element.create_element('child')
-element.add_child(child)
+doc = Moxml.new.build do
+  declaration version: "1.0", encoding: "UTF-8"
 
-# Access text content
-text_content = element.text
+  element 'library', xmlns: 'http://example.org/library' do
+    element 'book' do
+      element 'title' do
+        text 'Ruby Programming'
+      end
 
-# Add text content
-text = element.create_text('content')
-element.add_child(text)
+      element 'author' do
+        text 'Jane Smith'
+      end
 
-# Chaining operations
-element
-  .add_child(doc.create_element('child'))
-  .add_child(doc.create_text('content'))
-  ['class'] = 'new-class'
+      comment 'Publication details'
+      element 'published', year: '2024'
 
-# Complex element creation
-div = doc.create_element('div')
-div['class'] = 'container'
-div.add_child(doc.create_element('span'))
-  .add_child(doc.create_text('Hello'))
-div.add_child(doc.create_element('br'))
-div.add_child(doc.create_text('World'))
+      cdata '<custom>metadata</custom>'
+    end
+  end
+end
 ----
 
-=== Working with different node types
+=== Direct document manipulation
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Text nodes with various content
-plain_text = Moxml::Text.new("Simple text")
-multiline_text = Moxml::Text.new("Line 1\nLine 2")
-special_chars = Moxml::Text.new("Special: & < > \" '")
-
-# CDATA sections for different content types
-script_cdata = Moxml::Cdata.new("function() { alert('Hello!'); }")
-xml_cdata = Moxml::Cdata.new("<data><item>value</item></data>")
-mixed_cdata = Moxml::Cdata.new("Text with ]]> characters")
-
-# Comments for documentation
-todo_comment = Moxml::Comment.new("TODO: Add validation")
-section_comment = Moxml::Comment.new("----- Section Break -----")
-debug_comment = Moxml::Comment.new("DEBUG: Remove in production")
-
-# Processing instructions for various uses
-style_pi = Moxml::ProcessingInstruction.new(
-  "xml-stylesheet",
-  'type="text/css" href="style.css"'
-)
-php_pi = Moxml::ProcessingInstruction.new(
-  "php",
-  'echo "<?php echo $var; ?>>";'
-)
-custom_pi = Moxml::ProcessingInstruction.new(
-  "custom-processor",
-  'param1="value1" param2="value2"'
-)
-----
-
-=== Element manipulation examples
+doc = Moxml.new.create_document
 
-[source,ruby]
-----
-# Building complex structures
-doc = Moxml::Document.new
-root = doc.create_element('html')
+# Add declaration
+doc.add_declaration(version: "1.0", encoding: "UTF-8")
+
+# Create root with namespace
+root = doc.create_element('library')
+root.add_namespace(nil, 'http://example.org/library')
 doc.add_child(root)
 
-# Create head section
-head = doc.create_element('head')
-root.add_child(head)
+# Add elements with attributes
+book = doc.create_element('book')
+book['id'] = 'b1'
+root.add_child(book)
 
+# Add mixed content
+book.add_child(doc.create_comment('Book details'))
 title = doc.create_element('title')
-title.add_child(doc.create_text('Example Page'))
-head.add_child(title)
-
-meta = doc.create_element('meta')
-meta['charset'] = 'UTF-8'
-head.add_child(meta)
-
-# Create body section
-body = doc.create_element('body')
-root.add_child(body)
-
-div = doc.create_element('div')
-div['class'] = 'container'
-body.add_child(div)
-
-# Add multiple paragraphs
-3.times do |i|
-  p = doc.create_element('p')
-  p.add_child(doc.create_text("Paragraph #{i + 1}"))
-  div.add_child(p)
-end
-
-# Working with lists
-ul = doc.create_element('ul')
-div.add_child(ul)
-
-['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3'].each do |text|
-  li = doc.create_element('li')
-  li.add_child(doc.create_text(text))
-  ul.add_child(li)
-end
-
-# Adding link element
-a = doc.create_element('a')
-a['href'] = 'https://example.com'
-a.add_child(doc.create_text('Visit Example'))
-div.add_child(a)
+title.text = 'Ruby Programming'
+book.add_child(title)
 ----
 
-=== Advanced node manipulation
+== XML objects and their methods
 
-[source,ruby]
-----
-# Cloning nodes
-original = doc.create_element('div')
-original['id'] = 'original'
-clone = original.clone
-
-# Moving nodes
-target = doc.create_element('target')
-source = doc.create_element('source')
-source.add_child(doc.create_text('Content'))
-target.add_child(source)
-
-# Replacing nodes
-old_node = doc.at_xpath('//old')
-new_node = doc.create_element('new')
-old_node.replace(new_node)
-
-# Inserting before/after
-reference = doc.create_element('reference')
-before = doc.create_element('before')
-after = doc.create_element('after')
-reference.add_previous_sibling(before)
-reference.add_next_sibling(after)
-
-# Conditional manipulation
-element = doc.at_xpath('//conditional')
-if element['flag'] == 'true'
-  element.add_child(doc.create_text('Flag is true'))
-else
-  element.remove
-end
-----
+=== Document object
 
-=== Working with namespaces
+The Document object represents an XML document and serves as the root container
+for all XML nodes.
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Creating namespaced document
-doc = Moxml::Document.new
-root = doc.create_element('root')
-root['xmlns'] = 'http://example.com/default'
-root['xmlns:custom'] = 'http://example.com/custom'
-doc.add_child(root)
+# Creating a document
+doc = Moxml.new.create_document
+doc = Moxml.new.parse(xml_string)
 
-# Adding namespaced elements
-default_elem = doc.create_element('default-elem')
-custom_elem = doc.create_element('custom:elem')
+# Document properties and methods
+doc.encoding                # Get document encoding
+doc.encoding = "UTF-8"      # Set document encoding
+doc.version                # Get XML version
+doc.version = "1.1"        # Set XML version
+doc.standalone             # Get standalone declaration
+doc.standalone = "yes"     # Set standalone declaration
 
-root.add_child(default_elem)
-root.add_child(custom_elem)
+# Document structure
+doc.root                   # Get root element
+doc.children              # Get all top-level nodes
+doc.add_child(node)       # Add a child node
+doc.remove_child(node)    # Remove a child node
 
-# Working with attributes in namespaces
-custom_elem['custom:attr'] = 'value'
+# Node creation methods
+doc.create_element(name)   # Create new element
+doc.create_text(content)   # Create text node
+doc.create_cdata(content)  # Create CDATA section
+doc.create_comment(content) # Create comment
+doc.create_processing_instruction(target, content) # Create PI
 
-# Accessing namespaced content
-ns_elem = doc.at_xpath('//custom:elem')
-ns_attr = ns_elem['custom:attr']
+# Document querying
+doc.xpath(expression)      # Find nodes by XPath
+doc.at_xpath(expression)   # Find first node by XPath
+
+# Serialization
+doc.to_xml(options)        # Convert to XML string
 ----
 
-=== Document serialization examples
+=== Element object
+
+Elements are the primary structural components of an XML document, representing
+tags with attributes and content.
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Basic serialization
-xml_string = doc.to_xml
+# Element properties
+element.name               # Get element name
+element.name = "new_name"  # Set element name
+element.text              # Get text content
+element.text = "content"   # Set text content
+element.inner_text        # Get text content for current node only
+element.inner_html        # Get inner XML content
+element.inner_html = xml   # Set inner XML content
+
+# Attributes
+element[name]             # Get attribute value
+element[name] = value     # Set attribute value
+element.attributes        # Get all attributes
+element.remove_attribute(name) # Remove attribute
+
+# Namespace handling
+element.namespace         # Get element's namespace
+element.namespace = ns     # Set element's namespace
+element.add_namespace(prefix, uri) # Add new namespace
+element.namespaces        # Get all namespace definitions
+
+# Node structure
+element.parent            # Get parent node
+element.children          # Get child nodes
+element.add_child(node)   # Add child node
+element.remove_child(node) # Remove child node
+element.add_previous_sibling(node) # Add sibling before
+element.add_next_sibling(node)    # Add sibling after
+element.replace(node)     # Replace with another node
+element.remove           # Remove from document
+
+# Node type checking
+element.element?         # Returns true
+element.text?           # Returns false
+element.cdata?          # Returns false
+element.comment?        # Returns false
+element.processing_instruction? # Returns false
+
+# Node querying
+element.xpath(expression)  # Find nodes by XPath
+element.at_xpath(expression) # Find first node by XPath
+----
+
+=== Text object
+
+Text nodes represent character data in the XML document.
 
-# Pretty printing with indentation
-formatted_xml = doc.to_xml(
-  indent: 2,
-  pretty: true
-)
+[source,ruby]
+----
+# Creating text nodes
+text = doc.create_text("content")
 
-# Controlling XML declaration
-with_declaration = doc.to_xml(
-  xml_declaration: true,
-  encoding: 'UTF-8',
-  standalone: 'yes'
-)
+# Text properties
+text.content             # Get text content
+text.content = "new"     # Set text content
 
-# Compact output
-minimal_xml = doc.to_xml(
-  indent: 0,
-  pretty: false,
-  xml_declaration: false
-)
+# Node type checking
+text.text?              # Returns true
 
-# Custom formatting
-custom_format = doc.to_xml(
-  indent: 4,
-  encoding: 'ISO-8859-1',
-  xml_declaration: true
-)
+# Structure
+text.parent             # Get parent node
+text.remove            # Remove from document
+text.replace(node)      # Replace with another node
 ----
 
-== Implementation details
+=== CDATA object
 
-=== Memory management
+CDATA sections contain text that should not be parsed as markup.
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Efficient document handling
-doc = Moxml::Document.parse(large_xml)
-begin
-  # Process document
-  result = process_document(doc)
-ensure
-  # Clear references
-  doc = nil
-  GC.start
-end
+# Creating CDATA sections
+cdata = doc.create_cdata("<raw>content</raw>")
 
-# Streaming large node sets
-doc.xpath('//large-set/*').each do |node|
-  # Process node
-  process_node(node)
-  # Clear reference
-  node = nil
-end
+# CDATA properties
+cdata.content           # Get CDATA content
+cdata.content = "new"   # Set CDATA content
 
-# Handling large collections
-def process_large_nodeset(nodeset)
-  nodeset.each do |node|
-    yield node if block_given?
-  end
-ensure
-  # Clear references
-  nodeset = nil
-  GC.start
-end
+# Node type checking
+cdata.cdata?           # Returns true
+
+# Structure
+cdata.parent           # Get parent node
+cdata.remove          # Remove from document
+cdata.replace(node)    # Replace with another node
 ----
 
-=== Backend-specific optimizations
+=== Comment object
+
+Comments contain human-readable notes in the XML document.
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Nokogiri-specific optimizations
-if Moxml.config.backend == :nokogiri
-  # Use native CSS selectors
-  nodes = doc.native.css('complex > selector')
-  nodes.each do |native_node|
-    node = Moxml::Node.wrap(native_node)
-    # Process node
-  end
-
-  # Use native XPath
-  results = doc.native.xpath('//complex/xpath/expression')
-end
+# Creating comments
+comment = doc.create_comment("Note")
 
-# Ox-specific optimizations
-if Moxml.config.backend == :ox
-  # Use native parsing options
-  doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml, {
-    mode: :generic,
-    effort: :tolerant,
-    smart: true
-  })
-
-  # Direct element creation
-  element = Ox::Element.new('name')
-  wrapped = Moxml::Element.new(element)
-end
+# Comment properties
+comment.content         # Get comment content
+comment.content = "new" # Set comment content
 
-# Oga-specific optimizations
-if Moxml.config.backend == :oga
-  # Use native parsing features
-  doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml, {
-    encoding: 'UTF-8',
-    strict: true
-  })
+# Node type checking
+comment.comment?        # Returns true
 
-  # Direct access to native methods
-  nodes = doc.native.xpath('//element')
-end
+# Structure
+comment.parent          # Get parent node
+comment.remove         # Remove from document
+comment.replace(node)   # Replace with another node
 ----
 
-=== Threading patterns
+=== Processing instruction object
+
+Processing instructions provide instructions to applications processing the XML.
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Thread-safe document creation
-require 'thread'
+# Creating processing instructions
+pi = doc.create_processing_instruction("xml-stylesheet",
+  'type="text/xsl" href="style.xsl"')
 
-class ThreadSafeXmlProcessor
-  def initialize
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-  end
+# PI properties
+pi.target              # Get PI target
+pi.target = "new"      # Set PI target
+pi.content            # Get PI content
+pi.content = "new"     # Set PI content
 
-  def process_document(xml_string)
-    @mutex.synchronize do
-      doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string)
-      # Process document
-      result = doc.to_xml
-      doc = nil
-      result
-    end
-  end
-end
+# Node type checking
+pi.processing_instruction? # Returns true
 
-# Parallel document processing
-def process_documents(xml_strings)
-  threads = xml_strings.map do |xml|
-    Thread.new do
-      doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml)
-      # Process document
-      doc = nil
-    end
-  end
-  threads.each(&:join)
-end
-
-# Thread-local document storage
-Thread.new do
-  Thread.current[:document] = Moxml::Document.new
-  # Process document
-ensure
-  Thread.current[:document] = nil
-end
+# Structure
+pi.parent             # Get parent node
+pi.remove            # Remove from document
+pi.replace(node)      # Replace with another node
 ----
 
-== Troubleshooting
+=== Attribute object
 
-=== Common issues and solutions
-
-==== Parsing errors
+Attributes represent name-value pairs on elements.
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Handle malformed XML
-begin
-  doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string)
-rescue Moxml::ParseError => e
-  puts "Parse error at line #{e.line}, column #{e.column}: #{e.message}"
-  # Attempt recovery
-  xml_string = cleanup_xml(xml_string)
-  retry
-end
+# Attribute properties
+attr.name              # Get attribute name
+attr.name = "new"      # Set attribute name
+attr.value            # Get attribute value
+attr.value = "new"     # Set attribute value
 
-# Handle encoding issues
-begin
-  doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string, encoding: 'UTF-8')
-rescue Moxml::ParseError => e
-  if e.message =~ /encoding/
-    # Try detecting encoding
-    detected_encoding = detect_encoding(xml_string)
-    retry if detected_encoding
-  end
-  raise
-end
+# Namespace handling
+attr.namespace         # Get attribute's namespace
+attr.namespace = ns    # Set attribute's namespace
+
+# Node type checking
+attr.attribute?        # Returns true
 ----
 
-==== Memory issues
+=== Namespace object
+
+Namespaces define XML namespaces used in the document.
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Handle large documents
-def process_large_document(path)
-  # Read and process in chunks
-  File.open(path) do |file|
-    doc = Moxml::Document.parse(file)
-    doc.xpath('//chunk').each do |chunk|
-      process_chunk(chunk)
-      chunk = nil
-    end
-    doc = nil
-  end
-  GC.start
-end
+# Namespace properties
+ns.prefix             # Get namespace prefix
+ns.uri               # Get namespace URI
 
-# Monitor memory usage
-require 'get_process_mem'
+# Formatting
+ns.to_s              # Format as xmlns declaration
 
-def memory_safe_processing(xml)
-  memory = GetProcessMem.new
-  initial_memory = memory.mb
+# Node type checking
+ns.namespace?        # Returns true
+----
 
-  doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml)
-  result = process_document(doc)
-  doc = nil
-  GC.start
+=== Node traversal and inspection
 
-  final_memory = memory.mb
-  puts "Memory usage: #{final_memory - initial_memory}MB"
+Each node type provides methods for traversing the document structure:
 
-  result
-end
+[source,ruby]
 ----
+node.parent               # Get parent node
+node.children            # Get child nodes
+node.next_sibling        # Get next sibling
+node.previous_sibling    # Get previous sibling
+node.ancestors           # Get all ancestor nodes
+node.descendants         # Get all descendant nodes
 
-==== Backend-specific issues
+# Type checking
+node.element?           # Is it an element?
+node.text?             # Is it a text node?
+node.cdata?            # Is it a CDATA section?
+node.comment?          # Is it a comment?
+node.processing_instruction? # Is it a PI?
+node.attribute?        # Is it an attribute?
+node.namespace?        # Is it a namespace?
 
-[source,ruby]
+# Node information
+node.document          # Get owning document
+node.path              # Get XPath to node
+node.line_number       # Get source line number (if available)
 ----
-# Handle backend limitations
-def safe_xpath(doc, xpath)
-  case Moxml.config.backend
-  when :nokogiri
-    doc.xpath(xpath)
-  when :ox
-    # Ox has limited XPath support
-    fallback_xpath_search(doc, xpath)
-  when :oga
-    # Handle Oga-specific XPath syntax
-    modified_xpath = adjust_xpath_for_oga(xpath)
-    doc.xpath(modified_xpath)
-  end
-end
 
-# Handle backend switching
-def with_backend(backend)
-  original_backend = Moxml.config.backend
-  Moxml.config.backend = backend
-  yield
-ensure
-  Moxml.config.backend = original_backend
-end
-----
+== Advanced features
 
-=== Performance optimization
+=== XPath querying and node mapping
 
-==== Document creation
+Moxml provides efficient XPath querying by leveraging the native XML library's
+implementation while maintaining consistent node mapping:
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Efficient document building
-def build_large_document
-  doc = Moxml::Document.new
-  root = doc.create_element('root')
-  doc.add_child(root)
-
-  # Pre-allocate elements
-  elements = Array.new(1000) do |i|
-    elem = doc.create_element('item')
-    elem['id'] = i.to_s
-    elem
-  end
+# Find all book elements
+books = doc.xpath('//book')
+# Returns Moxml::Element objects mapped to native nodes
 
-  # Batch add elements
-  elements.each do |elem|
-    root.add_child(elem)
-  end
+# Find with namespaces
+titles = doc.xpath('//dc:title',
+  'dc' => 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')
+
+# Find first matching node
+first_book = doc.at_xpath('//book')
 
-  doc
+# Chain queries
+doc.xpath('//book').each do |book|
+  # Each book is a mapped Moxml::Element
+  title = book.at_xpath('.//title')
+  puts "#{book['id']}: #{title.text}"
 end
+----
 
-# Memory-efficient processing
-def process_large_xml(xml_string)
-  result = []
-  doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string)
+=== Namespace handling
 
-  doc.xpath('//item').each do |item|
-    # Process and immediately discard
-    result << process_item(item)
-    item = nil
-  end
+[source,ruby]
+----
+# Add namespace to element
+element.add_namespace('dc', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')
 
-  doc = nil
-  GC.start
+# Create element in namespace
+title = doc.create_element('dc:title')
+title.text = 'Document Title'
 
-  result
-end
+# Query with namespaces
+doc.xpath('//dc:title',
+  'dc' => 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')
 ----
 
-==== Query optimization
+=== Accessing native implementation
+
+While not typically needed, you can access the underlying XML library's nodes:
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Optimize node selection
-def efficient_node_selection(doc)
-  # Cache frequently used nodes
-  @header_nodes ||= doc.xpath('//header').to_a
+# Get native node
+native_node = element.native
 
-  # Use specific selectors
-  doc.xpath('//specific/path')  # Better than '//*[name()="specific"]'
+# Get adapter being used
+adapter = element.context.config.adapter
 
-  # Combine queries when possible
-  doc.xpath('//a | //b')  # Better than two separate queries
-end
+# Create from native node
+element = Moxml::Element.new(native_node, context)
+----
 
-# Optimize attribute access
-def efficient_attribute_handling(element)
-  # Cache attribute values
-  @cached_attrs ||= element.attributes
+== Error handling
 
-  # Direct attribute access
-  value = element['attr']  # Better than element.attributes['attr']
+Moxml provides specific error classes for different types of errors that may
+occur during XML processing:
 
-  # Batch attribute updates
-  attrs = {'id' => '1', 'class' => 'new', 'data' => 'value'}
-  attrs.each { |k,v| element[k] = v }
+[source,ruby]
+----
+begin
+  doc = context.parse(xml_string)
+rescue Moxml::ParseError => e
+  # Handles XML parsing errors
+  puts "Parse error at line #{e.line}, column #{e.column}"
+  puts "Message: #{e.message}"
+rescue Moxml::ValidationError => e
+  # Handles XML validation errors
+  puts "Validation error: #{e.message}"
+rescue Moxml::XPathError => e
+  # Handles XPath expression errors
+  puts "XPath error: #{e.message}"
+rescue Moxml::Error => e
+  # Handles other Moxml-specific errors
+  puts "Error: #{e.message}"
 end
 ----
 
-==== Serialization optimization
+== Configuration
+
+Moxml can be configured globally or per instance:
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Efficient output generation
-def optimized_serialization(doc)
-  # Minimal output
-  compact = doc.to_xml(
-    indent: 0,
-    pretty: false,
-    xml_declaration: false
-  )
-
-  # Balanced formatting
-  readable = doc.to_xml(
-    indent: 2,
-    pretty: true,
-    xml_declaration: true
-  )
-
-  # Stream large documents
-  File.open('large.xml', 'w') do |file|
-    doc.write_to(file, indent: 2)
-  end
+# Global configuration
+Moxml.configure do |config|
+  config.default_adapter = :nokogiri
+  config.strict = true
+  config.encoding = 'UTF-8'
+end
+
+# Instance configuration
+moxml = Moxml.new do |config|
+  config.adapter = :ox
+  config.strict = false
 end
 ----
 
-=== Debugging tips
+== Thread safety
 
-==== Inspection helpers
+Moxml is thread-safe when used properly. Each instance maintains its own state
+and can be used safely in concurrent operations:
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Debug node structure
-def inspect_node(node, level = 0)
-  indent = "  " * level
-  puts "#{indent}#{node.class.name}: #{node.name}"
-
-  if node.respond_to?(:attributes)
-    node.attributes.each do |name, attr|
-      puts "#{indent}  @#{name}=#{attr.value.inspect}"
-    end
+class XmlProcessor
+  def initialize
+    @mutex = Mutex.new
+    @context = Moxml.new
   end
 
-  if node.respond_to?(:children)
-    node.children.each { |child| inspect_node(child, level + 1) }
+  def process(xml)
+    @mutex.synchronize do
+      doc = @context.parse(xml)
+      # Modify document
+      doc.to_xml
+    end
   end
 end
+----
 
-# Track node operations
-def debug_node_operations
-  nodes_created = 0
-  nodes_removed = 0
+== Performance considerations
 
-  yield
-ensure
-  puts "Nodes created: #{nodes_created}"
-  puts "Nodes removed: #{nodes_removed}"
-end
-----
+=== Memory management
 
-==== Backend validation
+Moxml maintains a node registry to ensure consistent object mapping:
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Verify backend behavior
-def verify_backend_compatibility
-  doc = Moxml::Document.new
-
-  # Test basic operations
-  element = doc.create_element('test')
-  doc.add_child(element)
+doc = context.parse(large_xml)
+# Process document
+doc = nil  # Allow garbage collection of document and registry
+GC.start   # Force garbage collection if needed
+----
 
-  # Verify node handling
-  raise "Node creation failed" unless doc.root
-  raise "Node type wrong" unless doc.root.is_a?(Moxml::Element)
+=== Efficient querying
 
-  # Verify serialization
-  xml = doc.to_xml
-  raise "Serialization failed" unless xml.include?('<test/>')
+Use specific XPath expressions for better performance:
 
-  puts "Backend verification successful"
-rescue => e
-  puts "Backend verification failed: #{e.message}"
-end
+[source,ruby]
 ----
+# More efficient - specific path
+doc.xpath('//book/title')
 
-== Error handling
+# Less efficient - requires full document scan
+doc.xpath('//title')
 
-Moxml provides unified error handling:
+# Most efficient - direct child access
+root.xpath('./title')
+----
 
-* `Moxml::Error` - Base error class
-* `Moxml::ParseError` - XML parsing errors
-* `Moxml::ArgumentError` - Invalid argument errors
+== Best practices
 
-=== Error handling patterns
+=== Document creation
 
 [source,ruby]
 ----
-# Handle parsing errors
-begin
-  doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml_string)
-rescue Moxml::ParseError => e
-  logger.error "Parse error: #{e.message}"
-  logger.error "At line #{e.line}, column #{e.column}"
-  raise
+# Preferred - using builder pattern
+doc = Moxml.new.build do
+  declaration version: "1.0", encoding: "UTF-8"
+  element 'root' do
+    element 'child' do
+      text 'content'
+    end
+  end
 end
 
-# Handle invalid operations
-begin
-  element['invalid/name'] = 'value'
-rescue Moxml::ArgumentError => e
-  logger.warn "Invalid operation: #{e.message}"
-  # Use alternative approach
-end
+# Alternative - direct manipulation
+doc = Moxml.new.create_document
+doc.add_declaration(version: "1.0", encoding: "UTF-8")
+root = doc.create_element('root')
+doc.add_child(root)
+----
 
-# Custom error handling
-class XmlProcessor
-  def process(xml)
-    doc = Moxml::Document.parse(xml)
-    yield doc
-  rescue Moxml::Error => e
-    handle_moxml_error(e)
-  rescue StandardError => e
-    handle_standard_error(e)
-  ensure
-    doc = nil
-  end
+=== Node manipulation
+
+[source,ruby]
+----
+# Preferred - chainable operations
+element
+  .add_namespace('dc', 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/')
+  .add_child(doc.create_text('content'))
+
+# Preferred - clear node type checking
+if node.element?
+  node.add_child(doc.create_text('content'))
 end
 ----
 
 == Contributing
 
-Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at
-https://github.com/lutaml/moxml.
-
-=== Development guidelines
+1. Fork the repository
+2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b feature/my-new-feature`)
+3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
+4. Push to the branch (`git push origin feature/my-new-feature`)
+5. Create a new Pull Request
 
-* Follow Ruby style guide
-* Add tests for new features
-* Update documentation
-* Ensure backwards compatibility
-* Consider performance implications
-* Test with all supported backends
+== License
 
-== Copyright and license
+Copyright (c) 2024 Ribose Inc.
 
-Copyright Ribose.
+This project is licensed under the BSD-2-Clause License. See the LICENSE file for details.
 
-The gem is available as open source under the terms of the BSD-2-Clause License.